{ "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925", "place": { "id": "108410", "slug": "riyadh", "name": "Riyadh", "region": "Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia", "country": "SA", "lat": 24.68773, "lon": 46.72185, "elevation_m": 612, "tz": "Asia/Riyadh" }, "year": 1925, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-04T17:34:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z", "ms": -1419759131429.0884 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-05T19:41:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-05T16:34:18Z", "ms": -1419665142218.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-04T17:34:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z", "ms": -1419759131429.0884 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-05T19:41:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-05T16:34:18Z", "ms": -1419665142218.743 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-04T06:45:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-04T03:38:40Z", "ms": -1419798079689.2966 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-04T06:45:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-04T03:38:40Z", "ms": -1419798079689.2966 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-05T06:45:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-05T03:38:54Z", "ms": -1419711666081.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-05T06:45:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-05T03:38:54Z", "ms": -1419711666081.2415 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Sun 4 Jan to 19:40 on Mon 5 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z → 1925-01-05T16:34:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 4th and 06:45 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Sun 4 Jan to 19:40 on Mon 5 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10400, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-06T22:05:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z", "ms": -1419570063787.7979 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-08T00:40:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-07T21:33:48Z", "ms": -1419474372391.0027 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-06T22:05:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z", "ms": -1419570063787.7979 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-08T00:40:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-07T21:33:48Z", "ms": -1419474372391.0027 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-06T17:25:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-06T14:18:53Z", "ms": -1419586867142.7454 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-06T19:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-06T16:05:36Z", "ms": -1419580463930.2847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-07T17:26:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-07T14:19:35Z", "ms": -1419500425047.9246 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-07T19:13:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-07T16:06:14Z", "ms": -1419494026194.8655 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:05 on Tue 6 Jan to 00:40 on Thu 8 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z → 1925-01-07T21:33:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:25–19:12 on the 6th, 17:26–19:12 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 6th and 107 of 107 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10400 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 7 January. Trayodaśī runs from 22:05 on Tue 6 Jan to 00:40 on Thu 8 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9376, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T03:52:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T17:30:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-12T14:23:11Z", "ms": -1419068209035.2302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T17:31:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T14:24:39Z", "ms": -1418895320703.0498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 9376 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Tuesday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Bhogi 1925 falls on Monday 12 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9376, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T03:52:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T17:30:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-12T14:23:11Z", "ms": -1419068209035.2302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T17:31:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T14:24:39Z", "ms": -1418895320703.0498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 9376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Pongal 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32729, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T03:52:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T00:00:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-12T20:53:08Z", "ms": -1419044812000 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T00:00:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T20:53:08Z", "ms": -1418958412000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-14T00:00:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T20:53:08Z", "ms": -1418958412000 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-15T00:00:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T20:53:08Z", "ms": -1418872012000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Riyadh.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Riyadh" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 32729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Makara Saṅkrānti 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-01-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T12:28:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z", "ms": -1418999886791.447 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T13:58:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:51:14Z", "ms": -1418908126430.518 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T12:28:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z", "ms": -1418999886791.447 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T13:58:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:51:14Z", "ms": -1418908126430.518 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T20:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T17:23:13Z", "ms": -1418971007227.7493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T20:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T17:23:13Z", "ms": -1418971007227.7493 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-14T21:23:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T18:16:24Z", "ms": -1418881415573.0671 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T21:23:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T18:16:24Z", "ms": -1418881415573.0671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Tue 13 Jan to 13:57 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z → 1925-01-14T10:51:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:29 on the 13th and 21:22 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Tue 13 Jan to 13:57 on Wed 14 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9376, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T03:52:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T14:54:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T17:30:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-12T14:23:11Z", "ms": -1419068209035.2302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-13T14:23:55Z", "ms": -1418981764972.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T17:31:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-14T14:24:39Z", "ms": -1418895320703.0498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 9376 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Tuesday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mattu Pongal 1925 falls on Wednesday 14 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:54 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T10:14:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z", "ms": -1418403158295.445 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T07:28:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T04:21:41Z", "ms": -1418326699155.16 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T10:14:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z", "ms": -1418403158295.445 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T07:28:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T04:21:41Z", "ms": -1418326699155.16 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T06:46:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-20T03:39:27Z", "ms": -1418415633318.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-20T06:46:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-20T03:39:27Z", "ms": -1418415633318.8076 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-21T06:46:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1418329242698.383 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T06:46:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1418329242698.383 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:13 on Tue 20 Jan to 07:28 on Wed 21 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z → 1925-01-21T04:21:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 20th and 06:45 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 January. Ekādaśī runs from 10:13 on Tue 20 Jan to 07:28 on Wed 21 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T04:18:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z", "ms": -1418251694388.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T04:18:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z", "ms": -1418251694388.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-21T17:36:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T14:29:52Z", "ms": -1418290207759.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T19:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-21T16:15:06Z", "ms": -1418283893860.588 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T17:37:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T14:30:37Z", "ms": -1418203763008.5862 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-22T19:22:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T16:15:43Z", "ms": -1418197456709.9922 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:18 on Thu 22 Jan to 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z → 1925-01-22T21:46:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:36–19:21 on the 21st, 17:37–19:22 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 21st and 105 of 105 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 22 January. Trayodaśī runs from 04:18 on Thu 22 Jan to 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-01-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1037, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T21:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T21:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T23:47:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T20:40:46Z", "ms": -1418181554388.859 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:35:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:28:46Z", "ms": -1418178674388.859 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T23:48:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T20:41:01Z", "ms": -1418095138900.6472 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T00:36:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T21:29:01Z", "ms": -1418092258900.6472 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan to 21:20 on Fri 23 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z → 1925-01-23T18:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:47–00:35 on the 22nd, 23:47–00:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1037 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Thursday 22 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan to 21:20 on Fri 23 Jan, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T21:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:53:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T21:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:00:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T01:53:48Z", "ms": -1418162772067.7253 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T06:45:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-23T03:38:54Z", "ms": -1418156465769.1313 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-24T05:00:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-24T01:53:42Z", "ms": -1418076377973.409 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T06:45:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-24T03:38:41Z", "ms": -1418070079454.4133 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan to 21:20 on Fri 23 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z → 1925-01-23T18:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:00–06:45 on the 23rd, 05:00–06:45 on the 24th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 105 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Yama Tarpaṇa 1925 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Fri 23 Jan to 21:20 on Fri 23 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8848, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T09:21:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T09:21:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T11:49:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T08:42:05Z", "ms": -1417792675162.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-27T12:37:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T09:30:05Z", "ms": -1417789795162.3862 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T11:49:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T08:42:17Z", "ms": -1417706262981.583 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:37:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T09:30:17Z", "ms": -1417703382981.583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:21 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z → 1925-01-28T04:32:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 27th, 11:48–12:36 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8848 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1925 falls on Tuesday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 09:21 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T09:21:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T09:21:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T17:41:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T14:34:19Z", "ms": -1417771541258.385 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-27T19:25:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-27T16:18:44Z", "ms": -1417765275548.727 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T17:42:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T14:35:02Z", "ms": -1417685097527.2146 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T19:26:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T16:19:20Z", "ms": -1417678840417.7834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:21 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z → 1925-01-28T04:32:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:40–19:25 on the 27th, 17:41–19:25 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 104 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Tila Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 09:21 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T06:42:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T06:42:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T11:49:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T08:42:17Z", "ms": -1417706262981.583 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:37:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T09:30:17Z", "ms": -1417703382981.583 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:49:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T08:42:28Z", "ms": -1417619851635.7573 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T12:37:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T09:30:28Z", "ms": -1417616971635.7573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan to 06:42 on Thu 29 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z → 1925-01-29T03:35:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 28th, 11:48–12:36 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śrī Pañcamī 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan to 06:42 on Thu 29 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T06:42:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T07:39:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T06:42:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T11:49:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T08:42:17Z", "ms": -1417706262981.583 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:37:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-28T09:30:17Z", "ms": -1417703382981.583 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:49:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T08:42:28Z", "ms": -1417619851635.7573 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T12:37:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-29T09:30:28Z", "ms": -1417616971635.7573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan to 06:42 on Thu 29 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z → 1925-01-29T03:35:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 28th, 11:48–12:36 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vasanta Pañcamī 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:39 on Wed 28 Jan to 06:42 on Thu 29 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 574, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T06:34:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1417552365114.5474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T07:13:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-31T04:06:31Z", "ms": -1417463609077.1272 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T06:34:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1417552365114.5474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T07:13:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-31T04:06:31Z", "ms": -1417463609077.1272 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T04:59:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-30T01:52:40Z", "ms": -1417558039725.439 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-30T06:43:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-30T03:36:49Z", "ms": -1417551791365.5015 } }, "covered_min": 10, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-31T04:59:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-31T01:52:26Z", "ms": -1417471654364.5942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T06:43:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-01-31T03:36:25Z", "ms": -1417465414898.5234 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:33 on Fri 30 Jan to 07:13 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z → 1925-01-31T04:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:59–06:43 on the 30th, 04:58–06:42 on the 31st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 10 of 104 minutes on the 30th and 104 of 104 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 574 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ratha Saptamī 1925 falls on Saturday 31 January. Saptamī runs from 06:33 on Fri 30 Jan to 07:13 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the previous dawn for 10 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22638, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T12:59:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z", "ms": -1417183655840.02 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T15:36:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T12:59:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z", "ms": -1417183655840.02 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T15:36:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T06:42:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-03T03:35:06Z", "ms": -1417206293572.342 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-03T06:42:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-03T03:35:06Z", "ms": -1417206293572.342 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T06:41:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T03:34:38Z", "ms": -1417119922425.463 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T06:41:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T03:34:38Z", "ms": -1417119922425.463 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 15:36 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z → 1925-02-04T12:29:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:41 on the 3rd and 06:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22638 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Jayā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 4 February. Ekādaśī runs from 12:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 15:36 on Wed 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10720, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T15:36:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T18:16:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T15:36:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T18:16:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T11:50:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T08:43:19Z", "ms": -1417101401234.899 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T12:38:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-04T09:31:19Z", "ms": -1417098521234.899 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T11:50:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T08:43:24Z", "ms": -1417014995768.1567 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T12:38:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T09:31:24Z", "ms": -1417012115768.1567 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:36 on Wed 4 Feb to 18:15 on Thu 5 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z → 1925-02-05T15:09:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 4th, 11:49–12:37 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10720 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 5 February. Dvādaśī runs from 15:36 on Wed 4 Feb to 18:15 on Thu 5 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1720, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T18:16:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-06T20:47:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-06T17:40:27Z", "ms": -1416896372955.845 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T18:16:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-06T20:47:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-06T17:40:27Z", "ms": -1416896372955.845 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T17:47:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T14:40:41Z", "ms": -1416993558977.8162 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T19:30:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-05T16:23:44Z", "ms": -1416987375640.6897 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-06T17:48:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-06T14:41:22Z", "ms": -1416907118305.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-06T19:31:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-06T16:24:15Z", "ms": -1416900944741.4216 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:15 on Thu 5 Feb to 20:46 on Fri 6 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z → 1925-02-06T17:40:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:30 on the 5th, 17:47–19:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 103 minutes on the 5th and 103 of 103 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1720 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 6 February. Trayodaśī runs from 18:15 on Thu 5 Feb to 20:46 on Fri 6 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 74 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37435, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-02-07T23:02:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z", "ms": -1416801872503.987 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-09T00:55:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-08T21:48:56Z", "ms": -1416708664067.5554 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-07T23:02:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z", "ms": -1416801872503.987 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-09T00:55:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-08T21:48:56Z", "ms": -1416708664067.5554 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-07T11:50:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-07T08:43:33Z", "ms": -1416842187305.2446 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-07T12:38:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-07T09:31:33Z", "ms": -1416839307305.2446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-08T11:50:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-08T08:43:36Z", "ms": -1416755784293.0225 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-08T12:38:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-08T09:31:36Z", "ms": -1416752904293.0225 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:01 on Sat 7 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z → 1925-02-08T21:48:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:50–12:38 on the 7th, 11:50–12:38 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37435 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Sunday 8 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:01 on Sat 7 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-02-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T04:00:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z", "ms": -1416438407379.1313 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-13T04:06:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-13T00:59:06Z", "ms": -1416351653633.106 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T04:00:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z", "ms": -1416438407379.1313 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-13T04:06:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-13T00:59:06Z", "ms": -1416351653633.106 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-11T20:13:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-11T17:06:07Z", "ms": -1416466432518.3865 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-11T20:13:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-11T17:06:07Z", "ms": -1416466432518.3865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T21:07:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T18:00:51Z", "ms": -1416376748733.0388 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T21:07:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-12T18:00:51Z", "ms": -1416376748733.0388 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:59 on Thu 12 Feb to 04:05 on Fri 13 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z → 1925-02-13T00:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:12 on the 11th and 21:07 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 03:59 on Thu 12 Feb to 04:05 on Fri 13 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-02-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-18T19:21:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z", "ms": -1415864758799.4067 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T16:38:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-19T13:31:55Z", "ms": -1415788084712.7034 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-18T19:21:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z", "ms": -1415864758799.4067 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T16:38:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-19T13:31:55Z", "ms": -1415788084712.7034 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-18T06:32:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-18T03:25:50Z", "ms": -1415910849797.8188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-18T06:32:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-18T03:25:50Z", "ms": -1415910849797.8188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-19T06:32:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-19T03:25:05Z", "ms": -1415824495267.6924 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T06:32:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-19T03:25:05Z", "ms": -1415824495267.6924 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:20 on Wed 18 Feb to 16:38 on Thu 19 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z → 1925-02-19T13:31:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:32 on the 18th and 06:31 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 19 February. Ekādaśī runs from 19:20 on Wed 18 Feb to 16:38 on Thu 19 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15026, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T13:46:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z", "ms": -1415712018911.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T10:50:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T13:46:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z", "ms": -1415712018911.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T10:50:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T17:57:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T14:50:07Z", "ms": -1415696992544.6035 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-20T19:37:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T16:30:35Z", "ms": -1415690965392.1511 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T17:57:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T14:50:42Z", "ms": -1415610558150.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T19:37:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T16:30:58Z", "ms": -1415604541999.5583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:46 on Fri 20 Feb to 10:50 on Sat 21 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z → 1925-02-21T07:43:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:56–19:37 on the 20th, 17:57–19:37 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 100 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15026 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 20 February. Trayodaśī runs from 13:46 on Fri 20 Feb to 10:50 on Sat 21 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T10:50:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T07:58:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-22T04:51:53Z", "ms": -1415560086694.9539 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T10:50:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T07:58:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-22T04:51:53Z", "ms": -1415560086694.9539 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T23:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T20:42:49Z", "ms": -1415675830722.9067 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T00:37:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-20T21:30:49Z", "ms": -1415672950722.9067 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T23:49:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T20:42:42Z", "ms": -1415589437585.142 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T00:37:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-21T21:30:42Z", "ms": -1415586557585.142 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:50 on Sat 21 Feb to 07:58 on Sun 22 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z → 1925-02-22T04:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 20th, 23:49–00:37 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 26471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mahāśivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 21 February. Caturdaśī runs from 10:50 on Sat 21 Feb to 07:58 on Sun 22 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-02-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-25T23:52:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z", "ms": -1415243663250.914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-26T23:19:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-26T20:12:39Z", "ms": -1415159240818.6296 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-25T23:52:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z", "ms": -1415243663250.914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-26T23:19:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-26T20:12:39Z", "ms": -1415159240818.6296 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-25T11:49:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-25T08:42:34Z", "ms": -1415287045584.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-25T12:37:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-25T09:30:34Z", "ms": -1415284165584.6377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-26T11:49:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-26T08:42:25Z", "ms": -1415200655125.5657 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-26T12:37:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-02-26T09:30:25Z", "ms": -1415197775125.5657 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:52 on Wed 25 Feb to 23:19 on Thu 26 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z → 1925-02-26T20:12:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 25th, 11:48–12:36 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 26 February. Caturthī runs from 23:52 on Wed 25 Feb to 23:19 on Thu 26 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11600, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T09:33:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z", "ms": -1414604016900.398 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T12:02:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-06T08:55:38Z", "ms": -1414508661822.5999 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T09:33:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z", "ms": -1414604016900.398 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T12:02:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-06T08:55:38Z", "ms": -1414508661822.5999 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T06:20:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-05T03:13:03Z", "ms": -1414615616549.257 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-05T06:20:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-05T03:13:03Z", "ms": -1414615616549.257 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-06T06:19:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-06T03:12:07Z", "ms": -1414529273132.3164 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T06:19:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-06T03:12:07Z", "ms": -1414529273132.3164 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Thu 5 Mar to 12:02 on Fri 6 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z → 1925-03-06T08:55:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 5th and 06:18 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11600 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 6 March. Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Thu 5 Mar to 12:02 on Fri 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T14:11:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z", "ms": -1414414548719.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T15:50:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-08T12:43:37Z", "ms": -1414322182792.564 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T14:11:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z", "ms": -1414414548719.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T15:50:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-08T12:43:37Z", "ms": -1414322182792.564 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T18:05:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-07T14:58:00Z", "ms": -1414400520197.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-07T19:42:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-07T16:35:37Z", "ms": -1414394662551.5913 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-08T18:05:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-08T14:58:28Z", "ms": -1414314091738.167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T19:42:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-08T16:35:54Z", "ms": -1414308245631.3499 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:10 on Sat 7 Mar to 15:50 on Sun 8 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z → 1925-03-08T12:43:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:42 on the 7th, 18:04–19:42 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 97 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 7 March. Trayodaśī runs from 14:10 on Sat 7 Mar to 15:50 on Sun 8 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:56:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:56:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T15:44:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T12:37:00Z", "ms": -1414236180060.7422 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-09T18:05:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T14:58:56Z", "ms": -1414227663591.6682 } }, "covered_min": 69, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T15:44:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T12:37:11Z", "ms": -1414149769484.9543 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T18:06:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:59:24Z", "ms": -1414141235741.552 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:55 on Mon 9 Mar to 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z → 1925-03-10T14:20:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:05 on the 9th, 15:43–18:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 69 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 104 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2322 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Holikā Dahana 1925 falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:55 on Mon 9 Mar to 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar and covers 104 of 142 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon. It also reaches the previous late afternoon for 69 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:56:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:56:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T15:44:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T12:37:00Z", "ms": -1414236180060.7422 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-09T18:05:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-09T14:58:56Z", "ms": -1414227663591.6682 } }, "covered_min": 69, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T15:44:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T12:37:11Z", "ms": -1414149769484.9543 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T18:06:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:59:24Z", "ms": -1414141235741.552 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:55 on Mon 9 Mar to 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z → 1925-03-10T14:20:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:05 on the 9th, 15:43–18:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 69 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 104 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2322 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Tuesday 10 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Holī 1925 falls on Wednesday 11 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:55 on Mon 9 Mar to 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar and covers 104 of 142 minutes of sāyāhna on the 10th. It also reaches the previous late afternoon for 69 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T17:26:10+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-11T14:19:10Z", "ms": -1414057250342.9563 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T17:27:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T17:26:10+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-11T14:19:10Z", "ms": -1414057250342.9563 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T06:15:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T03:08:16Z", "ms": -1414183904458.564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T06:15:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-10T03:08:16Z", "ms": -1414183904458.564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-11T06:14:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1414097563389.8662 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T06:14:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1414097563389.8662 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar to 17:25 on Wed 11 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z → 1925-03-11T14:19:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:14 on the 10th and 06:13 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 40313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vasantotsava 1925 falls on Wednesday 11 March. Pratipadā runs from 17:27 on Tue 10 Mar to 17:25 on Wed 11 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-03-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T15:59:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1413889654305.509 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T14:43:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-14T11:36:05Z", "ms": -1413807835271.209 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T15:59:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1413889654305.509 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T14:43:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-14T11:36:05Z", "ms": -1413807835271.209 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T20:55:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-13T17:48:27Z", "ms": -1413871893062.356 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-13T20:55:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-13T17:48:27Z", "ms": -1413871893062.356 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-14T21:54:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-14T18:47:34Z", "ms": -1413781945905.1182 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T21:54:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-14T18:47:34Z", "ms": -1413781945905.1182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Fri 13 Mar to 14:42 on Sat 14 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z → 1925-03-14T11:36:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:54 on the 13th and 21:54 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 13 March. Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Fri 13 Mar to 14:42 on Sat 14 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T09:29:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z", "ms": -1413567468631.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T07:25:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-18T04:18:46Z", "ms": -1413488473506.662 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T09:29:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z", "ms": -1413567468631.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T07:25:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-18T04:18:46Z", "ms": -1413488473506.662 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T11:44:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-17T08:37:54Z", "ms": -1413559325764.3828 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-17T12:32:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-17T09:25:54Z", "ms": -1413556445764.3828 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-18T11:44:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-18T08:37:37Z", "ms": -1413472943196.2737 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T12:32:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-18T09:25:37Z", "ms": -1413470063196.2737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 09:28 on Tue 17 Mar to 07:25 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z → 1925-03-18T04:18:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 17th, 11:44–12:32 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 17 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śītalāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Tuesday 17 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 09:28 on Tue 17 Mar to 07:25 on Wed 18 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10892, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T03:03:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z", "ms": -1413331399256.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T00:49:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-20T21:42:48Z", "ms": -1413253032233.249 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T03:03:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z", "ms": -1413331399256.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T00:49:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-20T21:42:48Z", "ms": -1413253032233.249 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T06:05:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-20T02:58:13Z", "ms": -1413320507275.489 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-20T06:05:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-20T02:58:13Z", "ms": -1413320507275.489 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T06:04:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T02:57:11Z", "ms": -1413234168684.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T06:04:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T02:57:11Z", "ms": -1413234168684.9854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:03 on Fri 20 Mar to 00:49 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z → 1925-03-20T21:42:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 20th and 06:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10892 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 20 March. Ekādaśī runs from 03:03 on Fri 20 Mar to 00:49 on Sat 21 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T22:38:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1413174514332.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-22T20:34:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T22:38:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1413174514332.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-22T20:34:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T18:11:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T15:04:16Z", "ms": -1413190544095.3203 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T19:46:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-21T16:39:11Z", "ms": -1413184848908.4995 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T18:11:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T15:04:41Z", "ms": -1413104118526.857 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-22T19:46:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T16:39:25Z", "ms": -1413098434960.5432 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:37 on Sat 21 Mar to 20:33 on Sun 22 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z → 1925-03-22T17:27:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:10–19:45 on the 21st, 18:11–19:45 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 21st and 95 of 95 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 22 March. Trayodaśī runs from 22:37 on Sat 21 Mar to 20:33 on Sun 22 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-03-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T20:34:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T18:42:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-23T15:35:27Z", "ms": -1413015873367.6392 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T20:34:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T18:42:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-23T15:35:27Z", "ms": -1413015873367.6392 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T23:42:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T20:35:55Z", "ms": -1413084245153.1807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T00:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-22T21:23:55Z", "ms": -1413081365153.1807 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-23T23:42:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-23T20:35:37Z", "ms": -1412997863241.6226 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-24T00:30:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-23T21:23:37Z", "ms": -1412994983241.6226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:33 on Sun 22 Mar to 18:41 on Mon 23 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z → 1925-03-23T15:35:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:42–00:30 on the 22nd, 23:42–00:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Sunday 22 March. Caturdaśī runs from 20:33 on Sun 22 Mar to 18:41 on Mon 23 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T17:09:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z", "ms": -1412935032547.82 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T16:02:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-25T12:55:57Z", "ms": -1412852643382.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T17:09:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z", "ms": -1412935032547.82 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T16:02:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-25T12:55:57Z", "ms": -1412852643382.73 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T11:42:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-24T08:35:49Z", "ms": -1412954650559.7244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-24T12:30:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-24T09:23:49Z", "ms": -1412951770559.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-25T11:42:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-25T08:35:31Z", "ms": -1412868268756.6255 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T12:30:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-25T09:23:31Z", "ms": -1412865388756.6255 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 17:09 on Tue 24 Mar to 16:02 on Wed 25 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z → 1925-03-25T12:55:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 24th, 11:42–12:30 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1925 falls on Wednesday 25 March. Pratipadā runs from 17:09 on Tue 24 Mar to 16:02 on Wed 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T15:28:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T15:28:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T11:42:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T08:35:13Z", "ms": -1412781886996.9856 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-26T12:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T09:23:13Z", "ms": -1412779006996.9856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T11:41:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T08:34:55Z", "ms": -1412695505264.3252 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:29:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T09:22:55Z", "ms": -1412692625264.3252 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:27 on Thu 26 Mar to 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z → 1925-03-27T12:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 26th, 11:41–12:29 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1925 falls on Friday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:27 on Thu 26 Mar to 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T15:28:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T15:28:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T11:42:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T08:35:13Z", "ms": -1412781886996.9856 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-26T12:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-26T09:23:13Z", "ms": -1412779006996.9856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T11:41:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T08:34:55Z", "ms": -1412695505264.3252 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:29:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T09:22:55Z", "ms": -1412692625264.3252 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:27 on Thu 26 Mar to 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z → 1925-03-27T12:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 26th, 11:41–12:29 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:27 on Thu 26 Mar to 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-03-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T16:15:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T15:31:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T16:15:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T11:41:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T08:34:55Z", "ms": -1412695505264.3252 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:29:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-27T09:22:55Z", "ms": -1412692625264.3252 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T11:41:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T08:34:36Z", "ms": -1412609123541.6646 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T12:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T09:22:36Z", "ms": -1412606243541.6646 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar to 16:14 on Sat 28 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z → 1925-03-28T13:08:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 27th, 11:41–12:29 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 28 March. Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Fri 27 Mar to 16:14 on Sat 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T16:15:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T17:38:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-29T14:31:58Z", "ms": -1412501282397.6785 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T16:15:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T17:38:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-29T14:31:58Z", "ms": -1412501282397.6785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T11:41:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T08:34:36Z", "ms": -1412609123541.6646 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T12:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-28T09:22:36Z", "ms": -1412606243541.6646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-29T11:41:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-29T08:34:18Z", "ms": -1412522741811.487 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T12:29:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-29T09:22:18Z", "ms": -1412519861811.487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:14 on Sat 28 Mar to 17:38 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z → 1925-03-29T14:31:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 28th, 11:40–12:28 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1925 falls on Sunday 29 March. Pañcamī runs from 16:14 on Sat 28 Mar to 17:38 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-31T22:01:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z", "ms": -1412312723378.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T00:36:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-31T22:01:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z", "ms": -1412312723378.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T00:36:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-31T11:40:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-31T08:33:42Z", "ms": -1412349978256.0547 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-31T12:28:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-03-31T09:21:42Z", "ms": -1412347098256.0547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-01T11:40:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T08:33:24Z", "ms": -1412263596393.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-01T12:28:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T09:21:24Z", "ms": -1412260716393.4985 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:01 on Tue 31 Mar to 00:36 on Thu 2 Apr.", "fact": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z → 1925-04-01T21:29:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 31st, 11:39–12:27 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34375 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Bhavānī Utpatti 1925 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:01 on Tue 31 Mar to 00:36 on Thu 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T00:36:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T03:07:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-03T00:00:22Z", "ms": -1412121577660.2507 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T00:36:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T03:07:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-03T00:00:22Z", "ms": -1412121577660.2507 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T11:40:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-02T08:33:06Z", "ms": -1412177214448.9446 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T12:28:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-02T09:21:06Z", "ms": -1412174334448.9446 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-03T11:39:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-03T08:32:48Z", "ms": -1412090832402.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T12:27:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-03T09:20:48Z", "ms": -1412087952402.9373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 00:36 on Thu 2 Apr to 03:06 on Fri 3 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z → 1925-04-03T00:00:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 2nd, 11:39–12:27 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rāma Navamī 1925 falls on Thursday 2 April. Navamī runs from 00:36 on Thu 2 Apr to 03:06 on Fri 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1912, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T05:17:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z", "ms": -1412027340567.336 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T06:56:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-05T03:49:18Z", "ms": -1411935041621.0652 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T05:17:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z", "ms": -1412027340567.336 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T06:56:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-05T03:49:18Z", "ms": -1411935041621.0652 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T05:49:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:42:52Z", "ms": -1412025428154.2144 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-04T05:49:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:42:52Z", "ms": -1412025428154.2144 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-05T05:48:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-05T02:41:51Z", "ms": -1411939088537.232 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T05:48:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-05T02:41:51Z", "ms": -1411939088537.232 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:17 on Sat 4 Apr to 06:55 on Sun 5 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z → 1925-04-05T03:49:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:49 on the 4th and 05:48 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1912 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:17 on Sat 4 Apr to 06:55 on Sun 5 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T07:54:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T07:54:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T11:38:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T08:31:55Z", "ms": -1411831685456.9019 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:26:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T09:19:55Z", "ms": -1411828805456.9019 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T11:38:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T08:31:37Z", "ms": -1411745302803.9668 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T12:26:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T09:19:37Z", "ms": -1411742422803.9668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:54 on Mon 6 Apr to 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z → 1925-04-07T05:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 6th, 11:38–12:26 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1925 falls on Monday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:54 on Mon 6 Apr to 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36524, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T07:54:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T07:54:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T18:17:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T15:10:58Z", "ms": -1411807742268.4849 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-06T19:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-06T16:42:49Z", "ms": -1411802231092.771 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T18:18:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T15:11:23Z", "ms": -1411721317157.303 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T19:50:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T16:43:03Z", "ms": -1411715817259.6611 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:54 on Mon 6 Apr to 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z → 1925-04-07T05:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:17–19:49 on the 6th, 18:17–19:49 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 92 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36524 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:54 on Mon 6 Apr to 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T07:43:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T08:09:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T07:43:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T11:38:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T08:31:37Z", "ms": -1411745302803.9668 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T12:26:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-07T09:19:37Z", "ms": -1411742422803.9668 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T11:38:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T08:31:20Z", "ms": -1411658919947.127 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:26:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T09:19:20Z", "ms": -1411656039947.127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr to 07:42 on Wed 8 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z → 1925-04-08T04:36:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 7th, 11:37–12:25 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Caturdaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 7 Apr to 07:42 on Wed 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T07:43:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T06:39:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-09T03:32:37Z", "ms": -1411590443272.9028 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T07:43:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T06:39:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-09T03:32:37Z", "ms": -1411590443272.9028 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T11:38:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T08:31:20Z", "ms": -1411658919947.127 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:26:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-08T09:19:20Z", "ms": -1411656039947.127 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-09T11:38:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-09T08:31:03Z", "ms": -1411572536864.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T12:26:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-09T09:19:03Z", "ms": -1411569656864.8203 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 06:39 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z → 1925-04-09T03:32:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 8th, 11:37–12:25 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 06:39 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-04-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2924, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T00:57:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z", "ms": -1411351759845.189 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-12T22:38:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-12T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1411273714041.805 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T00:57:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z", "ms": -1411351759845.189 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-12T22:38:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-12T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1411273714041.805 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-11T20:46:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-11T17:39:56Z", "ms": -1411366803640.4456 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-11T20:46:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-11T17:39:56Z", "ms": -1411366803640.4456 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T21:49:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-12T18:42:42Z", "ms": -1411276637612.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-12T21:49:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-12T18:42:42Z", "ms": -1411276637612.3447 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:57 on Sun 12 Apr to 22:37 on Sun 12 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z → 1925-04-12T19:31:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:46 on the 11th and 21:49 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2924 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Sunday 12 April. Caturthī runs from 00:57 on Sun 12 Apr to 22:37 on Sun 12 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13585, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T09:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-14T06:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-14T03:23:13Z", "ms": -1408567007061.3774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T09:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T09:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T05:41:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-12T02:34:58Z", "ms": -1411334701942.4824 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T05:41:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-13T02:34:01Z", "ms": -1411248359334.629 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T05:41:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-13T02:34:01Z", "ms": -1411248359334.629 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-14T05:40:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-14T02:33:04Z", "ms": -1411162016226.2043 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 09:26 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:41 on the 12th, and from 05:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 13585 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vaiśākhī 1925 falls on Monday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 09:26 on Mon 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11286, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T10:13:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z", "ms": -1410800037023.244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T08:43:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T05:36:34Z", "ms": -1410719006118.02 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T10:13:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z", "ms": -1410800037023.244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T08:43:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T05:36:34Z", "ms": -1410719006118.02 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T05:36:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-18T02:29:22Z", "ms": -1410816638267.736 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-18T05:36:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-18T02:29:22Z", "ms": -1410816638267.736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-19T05:35:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T02:28:28Z", "ms": -1410730292276.119 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T05:35:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T02:28:28Z", "ms": -1410730292276.119 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:12 on Sat 18 Apr to 08:43 on Sun 19 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z → 1925-04-19T05:36:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:35 on the 18th and 05:34 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11286 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 19 April. Ekādaśī runs from 10:12 on Sat 18 Apr to 08:43 on Sun 19 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T07:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z", "ms": -1410637152694.236 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T06:28:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T07:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z", "ms": -1410637152694.236 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T06:28:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-19T18:23:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T15:16:34Z", "ms": -1410684206078.309 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T19:53:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-19T16:46:02Z", "ms": -1410678838019.739 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T18:24:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T15:17:01Z", "ms": -1410597779059.1055 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-20T19:53:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T16:46:18Z", "ms": -1410592421629.3245 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:27 on Mon 20 Apr to 06:27 on Tue 21 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z → 1925-04-21T03:21:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:23–19:52 on the 19th, 18:23–19:52 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 19th and 89 of 89 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:27 on Mon 20 Apr to 06:27 on Tue 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-04-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19603, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T06:28:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T05:49:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-22T02:42:21Z", "ms": -1410470258504.765 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T06:28:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T05:49:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-22T02:42:21Z", "ms": -1410470258504.765 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T23:34:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T20:27:51Z", "ms": -1410579128697.4268 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T00:22:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-20T21:15:51Z", "ms": -1410576248697.4268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T23:34:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T20:27:39Z", "ms": -1410492741100.3909 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T00:22:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-21T21:15:39Z", "ms": -1410489861100.3909 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:27 on Tue 21 Apr to 05:48 on Wed 22 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z → 1925-04-22T02:42:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 20th, 23:34–00:22 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19603 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Tuesday 21 April. Caturdaśī runs from 06:27 on Tue 21 Apr to 05:48 on Wed 22 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T06:36:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T06:36:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T18:26:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T15:19:19Z", "ms": -1410165641226.8088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-25T19:54:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T16:47:44Z", "ms": -1410160335880.9995 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T18:26:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T15:19:47Z", "ms": -1410079213133.708 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T19:55:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T16:48:02Z", "ms": -1410073917971.6965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:35 on Sat 25 Apr to 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z → 1925-04-26T04:49:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–19:54 on the 25th, 18:26–19:54 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 88 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1925 falls on Saturday 25 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:35 on Sat 25 Apr to 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T06:36:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T06:36:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T05:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T02:23:18Z", "ms": -1410212202063.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-25T09:48:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-25T06:41:58Z", "ms": -1410196681784.7036 } }, "covered_min": 193, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T05:29:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T02:22:29Z", "ms": -1410125851133.2393 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T09:48:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T06:41:35Z", "ms": -1410110305133.3955 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:35 on Sat 25 Apr to 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z → 1925-04-26T04:49:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:29–09:48 on the 25th, 05:28–09:48 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 193 of 259 minutes on the 25th and 147 of 259 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1925 falls on Sunday 26 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:35 on Sat 25 Apr to 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr and covers 147 of 259 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 193 minutes; by the rule the second forenoon is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-04-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6298, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T09:49:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T07:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T09:49:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T11:34:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T08:27:08Z", "ms": -1410103972133.4736 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:22:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-26T09:15:08Z", "ms": -1410101092133.4736 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T11:33:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T08:26:58Z", "ms": -1410017582146.3838 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T12:21:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T09:14:58Z", "ms": -1410014702146.3838 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr to 09:48 on Mon 27 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z → 1925-04-27T06:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 26th, 11:33–12:21 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6298 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Sunday 26 April. Caturthī runs from 07:56 on Sun 26 Apr to 09:48 on Mon 27 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-04-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 883, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T09:49:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T12:07:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-28T09:00:06Z", "ms": -1409929194329.066 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T09:49:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T12:07:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-28T09:00:06Z", "ms": -1409929194329.066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T11:33:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T08:26:58Z", "ms": -1410017582146.3838 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T12:21:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-27T09:14:58Z", "ms": -1410014702146.3838 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-28T11:33:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-28T08:26:48Z", "ms": -1409931191676.2783 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T12:21:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-28T09:14:48Z", "ms": -1409928311676.2783 } }, "covered_min": 33, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:48 on Mon 27 Apr to 12:06 on Tue 28 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z → 1925-04-28T09:00:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 27th, 11:33–12:21 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 33 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 883 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1925 falls on Monday 27 April. Pañcamī runs from 09:48 on Mon 27 Apr to 12:06 on Tue 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 33 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8316, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T14:40:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z", "ms": -1409833605079.585 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T17:14:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-30T14:07:15Z", "ms": -1409737964666.3945 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T14:40:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z", "ms": -1409833605079.585 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T17:14:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-30T14:07:15Z", "ms": -1409737964666.3945 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T11:33:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-29T08:26:39Z", "ms": -1409844800715.5503 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-29T12:21:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-29T09:14:39Z", "ms": -1409841920715.5503 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-30T11:33:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-30T08:26:31Z", "ms": -1409758409256.689 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T12:21:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-04-30T09:14:31Z", "ms": -1409755529256.689 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:39 on Wed 29 Apr to 17:13 on Thu 30 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z → 1925-04-30T14:07:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 29th, 11:33–12:21 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8316 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1925 falls on Thursday 30 April. Saptamī runs from 14:39 on Wed 29 Apr to 17:13 on Thu 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23490, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-03T22:30:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z", "ms": -1409459776648.3787 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-03T22:30:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z", "ms": -1409459776648.3787 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T05:23:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T02:16:26Z", "ms": -1409435013776.793 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T05:23:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T02:16:26Z", "ms": -1409435013776.793 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T05:22:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T02:15:45Z", "ms": -1409348655065.8743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T05:22:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T02:15:45Z", "ms": -1409348655065.8743 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:30 on Sun 3 May to 22:50 on Mon 4 May.", "fact": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z → 1925-05-04T19:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:22 on the 4th and 05:22 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23490 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 4 May. Ekādaśī runs from 22:30 on Sun 3 May to 22:50 on Mon 4 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T11:33:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T08:26:02Z", "ms": -1409412838293.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T12:21:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T09:14:02Z", "ms": -1409409958293.3242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T11:32:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T08:25:56Z", "ms": -1409326444234.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T12:20:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T09:13:56Z", "ms": -1409323564234.2314 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:50 on Mon 4 May to 22:22 on Tue 5 May.", "fact": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z → 1925-05-05T19:15:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 4th, 11:32–12:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 22:50 on Mon 4 May to 22:22 on Tue 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T22:51:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T11:33:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T08:26:02Z", "ms": -1409412838293.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T12:21:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-04T09:14:02Z", "ms": -1409409958293.3242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T11:32:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T08:25:56Z", "ms": -1409326444234.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T12:20:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T09:13:56Z", "ms": -1409323564234.2314 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:50 on Mon 4 May to 22:22 on Tue 5 May.", "fact": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z → 1925-05-05T19:15:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 4th, 11:32–12:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 22:50 on Mon 4 May to 22:22 on Tue 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4209, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:08:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T22:22:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:08:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T18:31:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T15:24:07Z", "ms": -1409301353402.5884 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T19:57:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-05T16:50:54Z", "ms": -1409296145667.4556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T18:31:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T15:24:36Z", "ms": -1409214923877.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T19:58:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T16:51:15Z", "ms": -1409209725323.5684 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:22 on Tue 5 May to 21:07 on Wed 6 May.", "fact": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z → 1925-05-06T18:01:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:30–19:57 on the 5th, 18:31–19:57 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 5th and 87 of 87 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4209 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 22:22 on Tue 5 May to 21:07 on Wed 6 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2543, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:08:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:08:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T18:31:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T15:24:36Z", "ms": -1409214923877.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T19:58:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-06T16:51:15Z", "ms": -1409209725323.5684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T18:32:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T15:25:06Z", "ms": -1409128494238.5928 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:58:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:51:35Z", "ms": -1409123304747.5063 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:07 on Wed 6 May to 19:13 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z → 1925-05-07T16:07:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–19:57 on the 6th, 18:31–19:58 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 6th and 42 of 86 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2543 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1925 falls on Thursday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 21:07 on Wed 6 May to 19:13 on Thu 7 May and covers 42 of 86 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T16:49:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T16:49:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T11:32:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T08:25:46Z", "ms": -1409153654482.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T12:20:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T09:13:46Z", "ms": -1409150774482.2139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T11:32:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T08:25:41Z", "ms": -1409067258773.9053 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T12:20:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T09:13:41Z", "ms": -1409064378773.9053 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:13 on Thu 7 May to 16:48 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z → 1925-05-08T13:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 7th, 11:32–12:20 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:13 on Thu 7 May to 16:48 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T16:49:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:14:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T16:49:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T11:32:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T08:25:46Z", "ms": -1409153654482.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T12:20:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-07T09:13:46Z", "ms": -1409150774482.2139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T11:32:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T08:25:41Z", "ms": -1409067258773.9053 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T12:20:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-08T09:13:41Z", "ms": -1409064378773.9053 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:13 on Thu 7 May to 16:48 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z → 1925-05-08T13:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 7th, 11:32–12:20 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:13 on Thu 7 May to 16:48 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-05-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T08:02:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z", "ms": -1408820682054.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-12T05:05:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-12T01:58:48Z", "ms": -1408744871589.0864 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T08:02:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z", "ms": -1408820682054.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-12T05:05:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-12T01:58:48Z", "ms": -1408744871589.0864 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-10T20:40:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-10T17:33:53Z", "ms": -1408861567454.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-10T20:40:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-10T17:33:53Z", "ms": -1408861567454.8992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T21:44:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-11T18:37:41Z", "ms": -1408771338847.2725 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-11T21:44:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-11T18:37:41Z", "ms": -1408771338847.2725 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:01 on Mon 11 May to 05:05 on Tue 12 May.", "fact": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z → 1925-05-12T01:58:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:40 on the 10th and 21:44 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 11 May. Caturthī runs from 08:01 on Mon 11 May to 05:05 on Tue 12 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-05-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41387, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-17T17:45:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z", "ms": -1408267283683.4617 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T17:11:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-18T14:04:24Z", "ms": -1408182936408.798 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-17T17:45:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z", "ms": -1408267283683.4617 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T17:11:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-18T14:04:24Z", "ms": -1408182936408.798 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-18T05:15:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-18T02:08:23Z", "ms": -1408225896779.274 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T05:15:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-18T02:08:23Z", "ms": -1408225896779.274 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T05:14:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T02:07:57Z", "ms": -1408139522859.3438 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-19T05:14:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T02:07:57Z", "ms": -1408139522859.3438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:45 on Sun 17 May to 17:10 on Mon 18 May.", "fact": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z → 1925-05-18T14:04:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:14 on the 18th and 05:14 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 41387 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Aparā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 18 May. Ekādaśī runs from 17:45 on Sun 17 May to 17:10 on Mon 18 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T17:00:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z", "ms": -1408097197630.239 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T17:13:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T17:00:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z", "ms": -1408097197630.239 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T17:13:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T18:38:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T15:31:07Z", "ms": -1408091332747.2122 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-19T20:02:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-19T16:55:59Z", "ms": -1408086241414.8518 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T18:38:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T15:31:37Z", "ms": -1408004902574.9429 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T20:03:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T16:56:22Z", "ms": -1407999818426.201 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:59 on Tue 19 May to 17:12 on Wed 20 May.", "fact": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z → 1925-05-20T14:06:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:02 on the 19th, 18:38–20:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 85 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Tuesday 19 May. Trayodaśī runs from 16:59 on Tue 19 May to 17:12 on Wed 20 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-05-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20485, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T17:13:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T17:51:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-21T14:44:02Z", "ms": -1407921358228.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T17:13:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T17:51:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-21T14:44:02Z", "ms": -1407921358228.648 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T23:32:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T20:25:23Z", "ms": -1407987277017.1602 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T00:20:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-20T21:13:23Z", "ms": -1407984397017.1602 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-21T23:32:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-21T20:25:27Z", "ms": -1407900873231.661 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-22T00:20:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-21T21:13:27Z", "ms": -1407897993231.661 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:12 on Wed 20 May to 17:50 on Thu 21 May.", "fact": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z → 1925-05-21T14:44:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:31–00:19 on the 20th, 23:31–00:19 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20485 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Wednesday 20 May. Caturdaśī runs from 17:12 on Wed 20 May to 17:50 on Thu 21 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36075, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-24T22:22:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z", "ms": -1407645894723.683 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T00:40:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-24T22:22:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z", "ms": -1407645894723.683 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T00:40:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-24T11:32:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-24T08:25:51Z", "ms": -1407684849227.6912 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-24T12:20:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-24T09:13:51Z", "ms": -1407681969227.6912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-25T11:32:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T08:25:56Z", "ms": -1407598443958.3406 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-25T12:20:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T09:13:56Z", "ms": -1407595563958.3406 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:21 on Sun 24 May to 00:39 on Tue 26 May.", "fact": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z → 1925-05-25T21:33:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 24th, 11:32–12:20 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36075 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1925 falls on Monday 25 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:21 on Sun 24 May to 00:39 on Tue 26 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-05-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30010, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T00:40:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T03:12:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-27T00:05:58Z", "ms": -1407455642009.2896 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T00:40:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T03:12:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-27T00:05:58Z", "ms": -1407455642009.2896 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T11:33:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-26T08:26:02Z", "ms": -1407512038201.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T12:21:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-26T09:14:02Z", "ms": -1407509158201.3582 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-27T11:33:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-27T08:26:08Z", "ms": -1407425631970.7493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T12:21:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-27T09:14:08Z", "ms": -1407422751970.7493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:39 on Tue 26 May to 03:12 on Wed 27 May.", "fact": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z → 1925-05-27T00:05:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 26th, 11:32–12:20 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30010 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 26 May. Caturthī runs from 00:39 on Tue 26 May to 03:12 on Wed 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11751, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T05:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T08:17:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T05:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T08:17:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T11:33:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T08:26:15Z", "ms": -1407339225280.8853 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-28T12:21:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T09:14:15Z", "ms": -1407336345280.8853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-29T11:33:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T08:26:22Z", "ms": -1407252818146.4592 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T12:21:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T09:14:22Z", "ms": -1407249938146.4592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:49 on Thu 28 May to 08:17 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z → 1925-05-29T05:10:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 28th, 11:32–12:20 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11751 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 28 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:49 on Thu 28 May to 08:17 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11751, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T05:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T08:17:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T05:49:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T08:17:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T11:33:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T08:26:15Z", "ms": -1407339225280.8853 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-28T12:21:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-28T09:14:15Z", "ms": -1407336345280.8853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-29T11:33:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T08:26:22Z", "ms": -1407252818146.4592 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T12:21:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-05-29T09:14:22Z", "ms": -1407249938146.4592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:49 on Thu 28 May to 08:17 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z → 1925-05-29T05:10:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 28th, 11:32–12:20 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11751 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1925 falls on Thursday 28 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:49 on Thu 28 May to 08:17 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22484, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T12:24:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z", "ms": -1406904140860.6648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T11:25:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T12:24:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z", "ms": -1406904140860.6648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T11:25:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T05:10:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-02T02:03:58Z", "ms": -1406930162286.9863 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-02T05:10:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-02T02:03:58Z", "ms": -1406930162286.9863 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T05:10:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T02:03:50Z", "ms": -1406843770396.058 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T05:10:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T02:03:50Z", "ms": -1406843770396.058 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:24 on Tue 2 Jun to 11:25 on Wed 3 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z → 1925-06-03T08:18:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:10 on the 2nd and 05:10 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22484 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 3 June. Ekādaśī runs from 12:24 on Tue 2 Jun to 11:25 on Wed 3 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 510, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T11:25:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T09:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T11:25:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T09:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T11:34:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:27:04Z", "ms": -1406820776334.3467 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T12:22:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-03T09:15:04Z", "ms": -1406817896334.3467 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T11:34:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T08:27:13Z", "ms": -1406734366849.5784 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T12:22:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T09:15:13Z", "ms": -1406731486849.5784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Wed 3 Jun to 09:38 on Thu 4 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z → 1925-06-04T06:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 3rd, 11:33–12:21 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 510 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 3 June. Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Wed 3 Jun to 09:38 on Thu 4 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32789, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T09:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T07:12:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T04:05:34Z", "ms": -1406663665552.5828 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T09:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T07:12:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T04:05:34Z", "ms": -1406663665552.5828 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T18:45:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T15:38:44Z", "ms": -1406708476381.8318 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T20:09:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-04T17:02:03Z", "ms": -1406703477271.544 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-05T18:46:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T15:39:09Z", "ms": -1406622050994.7903 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T20:09:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T17:02:24Z", "ms": -1406617055877.12 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:38 on Thu 4 Jun to 07:12 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z → 1925-06-05T04:05:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:08 on the 4th, 18:45–20:08 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 83 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32789 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 4 June. Trayodaśī runs from 09:38 on Thu 4 Jun to 07:12 on Fri 5 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T04:14:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z", "ms": -1406587957142.6946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-07T00:54:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T21:47:33Z", "ms": -1406513546893.2366 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T04:14:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z", "ms": -1406587957142.6946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-07T00:54:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T21:47:33Z", "ms": -1406513546893.2366 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-05T18:46:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T15:39:09Z", "ms": -1406622050994.7903 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T20:09:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-05T17:02:24Z", "ms": -1406617055877.12 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T18:46:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T15:39:34Z", "ms": -1406535626135.057 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-06T20:09:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-06T17:02:45Z", "ms": -1406530634782.9978 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:13 on Sat 6 Jun to 00:54 on Sun 7 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z → 1925-06-06T21:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:08 on the 5th, 18:46–20:09 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 83 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 6 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:13 on Sat 6 Jun to 00:54 on Sun 7 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-06-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25580, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T14:25:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z", "ms": -1406292074996.6758 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T11:17:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-10T08:10:06Z", "ms": -1406216993842.5151 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T14:25:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z", "ms": -1406292074996.6758 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T11:17:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-10T08:10:06Z", "ms": -1406216993842.5151 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T21:32:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-09T18:25:05Z", "ms": -1406266495065.2407 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-09T21:32:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-09T18:25:05Z", "ms": -1406266495065.2407 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-10T22:26:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-10T19:19:34Z", "ms": -1406176825614.17 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T22:26:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-10T19:19:34Z", "ms": -1406176825614.17 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:25 on Tue 9 Jun to 11:16 on Wed 10 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z → 1925-06-10T08:10:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:31 on the 9th and 22:26 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25580 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 9 June. Caturthī runs from 14:25 on Tue 9 Jun to 11:16 on Wed 10 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T02:40:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z", "ms": -1405729579081.5088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T03:09:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T00:02:05Z", "ms": -1405641475265.3894 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T02:40:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z", "ms": -1405729579081.5088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T03:09:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T00:02:05Z", "ms": -1405641475265.3894 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T05:10:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-16T02:03:50Z", "ms": -1405720569808.9006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-16T05:10:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-16T02:03:50Z", "ms": -1405720569808.9006 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-17T05:10:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T02:03:58Z", "ms": -1405634161955.6821 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T05:10:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T02:03:58Z", "ms": -1405634161955.6821 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:40 on Tue 16 Jun to 03:08 on Wed 17 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z → 1925-06-17T00:02:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:10 on the 16th and 05:10 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 16 June. Ekādaśī runs from 02:40 on Tue 16 Jun to 03:08 on Wed 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28387, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T04:06:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z", "ms": -1405551641464.9292 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T05:29:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T04:06:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z", "ms": -1405551641464.9292 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T05:29:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-17T18:50:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T15:43:26Z", "ms": -1405584994419.0164 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T20:13:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-17T17:06:11Z", "ms": -1405580028906.0457 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T18:50:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T15:43:42Z", "ms": -1405498577848.9954 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-18T20:13:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T17:06:27Z", "ms": -1405493613226.5732 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:05 on Thu 18 Jun to 05:29 on Fri 19 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z → 1925-06-19T02:22:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:12 on the 17th, 18:50–20:12 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 17th and 83 of 83 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28387 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 04:05 on Thu 18 Jun to 05:29 on Fri 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-06-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18286, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T05:29:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T07:16:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-20T04:09:38Z", "ms": -1405367422458.2822 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T05:29:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T07:16:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-20T04:09:38Z", "ms": -1405367422458.2822 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T23:36:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T20:29:59Z", "ms": -1405481400514.912 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T00:24:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-18T21:17:59Z", "ms": -1405478520514.912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T23:37:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T20:30:13Z", "ms": -1405394987230.5486 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T00:25:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-19T21:18:13Z", "ms": -1405392107230.5486 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:29 on Fri 19 Jun to 07:16 on Sat 20 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z → 1925-06-20T04:09:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:36–00:24 on the 18th, 23:36–00:24 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18286 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Friday 19 June. Caturdaśī runs from 05:29 on Fri 19 Jun to 07:16 on Sat 20 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 551, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T11:46:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z", "ms": -1405178403597.4907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T14:20:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-23T11:13:40Z", "ms": -1405082779962.1704 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T11:46:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z", "ms": -1405178403597.4907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T14:20:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-23T11:13:40Z", "ms": -1405082779962.1704 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T11:37:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-22T08:30:46Z", "ms": -1405178954159.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-22T12:25:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-22T09:18:46Z", "ms": -1405176074159.3599 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-23T11:37:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-23T08:30:59Z", "ms": -1405092541371.549 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T12:25:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-23T09:18:59Z", "ms": -1405089661371.549 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 11:46 on Mon 22 Jun to 14:20 on Tue 23 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z → 1925-06-23T11:13:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 22nd, 11:37–12:25 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 39 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 551 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rathayātrā 1925 falls on Tuesday 23 June. Dvitīyā runs from 11:46 on Mon 22 Jun to 14:20 on Tue 23 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 39 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-06-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T16:57:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z", "ms": -1404986974953.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-25T19:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T16:57:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z", "ms": -1404986974953.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-25T19:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T11:38:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-24T08:31:11Z", "ms": -1405006128652.8152 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-24T12:26:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-24T09:19:11Z", "ms": -1405003248652.8152 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-25T11:38:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T08:31:24Z", "ms": -1404919716029.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-25T12:26:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T09:19:24Z", "ms": -1404916836029.7446 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:56 on Wed 24 Jun to 19:27 on Thu 25 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z → 1925-06-25T16:20:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 24th, 11:37–12:25 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 25 June. Caturthī runs from 16:56 on Wed 24 Jun to 19:27 on Thu 25 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-25T19:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T21:40:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-26T18:33:58Z", "ms": -1404797162240.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-25T19:27:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T21:40:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-26T18:33:58Z", "ms": -1404797162240.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-25T11:38:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T08:31:24Z", "ms": -1404919716029.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-25T12:26:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-25T09:19:24Z", "ms": -1404916836029.7446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-26T11:38:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-26T08:31:36Z", "ms": -1404833303528.4739 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T12:26:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-26T09:19:36Z", "ms": -1404830423528.4739 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:27 on Thu 25 Jun to 21:40 on Fri 26 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z → 1925-06-26T18:33:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 25th, 11:38–12:26 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Skanda Pañcamī 1925 falls on Friday 26 June. Pañcamī runs from 19:27 on Thu 25 Jun to 21:40 on Fri 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39548, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-27T23:25:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z", "ms": -1404704462898.2483 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-29T00:32:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-28T21:25:57Z", "ms": -1404614043142.3147 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-27T23:25:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z", "ms": -1404704462898.2483 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-29T00:32:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-28T21:25:57Z", "ms": -1404614043142.3147 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-27T11:38:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-27T08:31:49Z", "ms": -1404746891174.5767 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-27T12:26:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-27T09:19:49Z", "ms": -1404744011174.5767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-28T11:39:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-28T08:32:01Z", "ms": -1404660478992.961 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-28T12:27:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-06-28T09:20:01Z", "ms": -1404657598992.961 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:25 on Sat 27 Jun to 00:32 on Mon 29 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z → 1925-06-28T21:25:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 27th, 11:38–12:26 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39548 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vivasvat Saptamī 1925 falls on Sunday 28 June. Saptamī runs from 23:25 on Sat 27 Jun to 00:32 on Mon 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21772, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-01T23:11:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z", "ms": -1404359706687.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-02T21:10:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-02T18:03:44Z", "ms": -1404280575528.9614 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-01T23:11:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z", "ms": -1404359706687.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-02T21:10:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-02T18:03:44Z", "ms": -1404280575528.9614 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-02T05:14:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-02T02:07:45Z", "ms": -1404337935172.5945 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-02T05:14:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-02T02:07:45Z", "ms": -1404337935172.5945 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T05:15:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T02:08:06Z", "ms": -1404251514046.6062 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T05:15:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T02:08:06Z", "ms": -1404251514046.6062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:11 on Wed 1 Jul to 21:10 on Thu 2 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z → 1925-07-02T18:03:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:14 on the 2nd and 05:14 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21772 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 2 July. Ekādaśī runs from 23:11 on Wed 1 Jul to 21:10 on Thu 2 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1344, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T18:30:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z", "ms": -1404203793232.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T15:19:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-04T12:12:04Z", "ms": -1404128875743.0598 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T18:30:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z", "ms": -1404203793232.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T15:19:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-04T12:12:04Z", "ms": -1404128875743.0598 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T18:52:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T15:45:51Z", "ms": -1404202448905.8755 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T20:15:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-03T17:08:52Z", "ms": -1404197468028.686 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-04T18:52:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-04T15:45:51Z", "ms": -1404116049263.3687 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T20:15:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-04T17:08:55Z", "ms": -1404111065366.777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:29 on Fri 3 Jul to 15:18 on Sat 4 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z → 1925-07-04T12:12:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:15 on the 3rd, 18:52–20:15 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 83 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1344 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 3 July. Trayodaśī runs from 18:29 on Fri 3 Jul to 15:18 on Sat 4 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 332, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:40:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:33:20Z", "ms": -1404055600429.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T12:28:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T09:21:20Z", "ms": -1404052720429.1477 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T11:40:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T08:33:30Z", "ms": -1403969190393.084 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:28:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T09:21:30Z", "ms": -1403966310393.084 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 5th, 11:39–12:27 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 42 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 332 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Guru Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Sunday 5 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul and covers 42 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15814, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:09:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1404039454663.2776 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T18:52:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T15:45:49Z", "ms": -1404029650819.364 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T16:09:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T13:02:28Z", "ms": -1403953052304.8228 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T18:52:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T15:45:46Z", "ms": -1403943253579.3154 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:08–18:52 on the 5th, 16:08–18:52 on the 6th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 163 of 163 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 163 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15814 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kokilā Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 5 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T18:52:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T15:45:49Z", "ms": -1404029650819.364 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T20:15:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T17:08:56Z", "ms": -1404024663671.029 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T18:52:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T15:45:46Z", "ms": -1403943253579.3154 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T20:15:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T17:08:57Z", "ms": -1403938262949.2983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:15 on the 5th, 18:52–20:15 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śiva Śayanotsava 1925 falls on Sunday 5 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 65, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T11:45:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T08:00:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T05:15:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T02:08:50Z", "ms": -1404078670038.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T07:59:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-05T04:52:14Z", "ms": -1404068866195.0178 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T05:16:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T02:09:13Z", "ms": -1403992247206.8523 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T07:59:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:52:32Z", "ms": -1403982448481.345 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:15–07:58 on the 5th, 05:15–07:59 on the 6th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 163 minutes on the 5th and 163 of 163 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 65 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vyāsa Pūjā 1925 falls on Monday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:45 on Sun 5 Jul to 08:00 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning. It is 1 min 05 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T04:13:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z", "ms": -1403909621689.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T00:33:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T21:26:41Z", "ms": -1403836398908.5757 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T04:13:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z", "ms": -1403909621689.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T00:33:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T21:26:41Z", "ms": -1403836398908.5757 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T19:14:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T16:07:35Z", "ms": -1403941944859.2263 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T19:14:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-06T16:07:35Z", "ms": -1403941944859.2263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T20:13:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T17:06:36Z", "ms": -1403852003989.482 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-07T20:13:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-07T17:06:36Z", "ms": -1403852003989.482 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 04:12 on Tue 7 Jul to 00:33 on Wed 8 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z → 1925-07-07T21:26:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:14 on the 6th and 20:13 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1925 falls on Tuesday 7 July. Dvitīyā runs from 04:12 on Tue 7 Jul to 00:33 on Wed 8 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-07-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-08T21:10:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z", "ms": -1403762160928.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T18:13:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-09T15:06:36Z", "ms": -1403686403600.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-08T21:10:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z", "ms": -1403762160928.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T18:13:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-09T15:06:36Z", "ms": -1403686403600.235 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-08T21:06:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-08T17:59:51Z", "ms": -1403762409185.0105 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T21:06:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-08T17:59:51Z", "ms": -1403762409185.0105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-09T21:54:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-09T18:47:32Z", "ms": -1403673148445.0522 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T21:54:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-09T18:47:32Z", "ms": -1403673148445.0522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:10 on Wed 8 Jul to 18:13 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z → 1925-07-09T15:06:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:06 on the 8th and 21:54 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 248 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 8 July. Caturthī runs from 21:10 on Wed 8 Jul to 18:13 on Thu 9 Jul, and is current at moonrise on neither day. It is 4 min 08 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-07-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-15T13:53:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z", "ms": -1403183594805.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T15:25:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-16T12:18:22Z", "ms": -1403091698094.7102 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-15T13:53:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z", "ms": -1403183594805.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T15:25:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-16T12:18:22Z", "ms": -1403091698094.7102 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-15T05:19:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-15T02:12:59Z", "ms": -1403214421162.756 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-15T05:19:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-15T02:12:59Z", "ms": -1403214421162.756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-16T05:20:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-16T02:13:26Z", "ms": -1403127994235.94 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T05:20:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-16T02:13:26Z", "ms": -1403127994235.94 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:53 on Wed 15 Jul to 15:24 on Thu 16 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z → 1925-07-16T12:18:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:19 on the 15th and 05:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 16 July. Ekādaśī runs from 13:53 on Wed 15 Jul to 15:24 on Thu 16 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2008, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T17:23:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z", "ms": -1402998204773.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-18T19:41:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T17:23:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z", "ms": -1402998204773.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-18T19:41:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T18:50:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-17T15:43:56Z", "ms": -1402992964372.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-17T20:14:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-17T17:07:59Z", "ms": -1402987921073.991 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-18T18:50:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T15:43:38Z", "ms": -1402906581831.379 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-18T20:14:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T17:07:47Z", "ms": -1402901532522.5366 } }, "covered_min": 51, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:23 on Fri 17 Jul to 19:40 on Sat 18 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z → 1925-07-18T16:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:14 on the 17th, 18:50–20:14 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 17th and 51 of 84 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2008 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 17 July. Trayodaśī runs from 17:23 on Fri 17 Jul to 19:40 on Sat 18 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 51 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-07-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5454, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-18T19:41:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T22:11:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-19T19:04:23Z", "ms": -1402808136782.8918 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-18T19:41:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T22:11:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-19T19:04:23Z", "ms": -1402808136782.8918 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-18T23:42:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T20:35:13Z", "ms": -1402889086923.2205 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-18T21:23:13Z", "ms": -1402886206923.2205 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-19T23:42:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-19T20:35:18Z", "ms": -1402802682375.8984 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-20T00:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-19T21:23:18Z", "ms": -1402799802375.8984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 18 Jul to 22:10 on Sun 19 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z → 1925-07-19T19:04:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:41–00:29 on the 18th, 23:41–00:29 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5454 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 18 July. Caturdaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 18 Jul to 22:10 on Sun 19 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13609, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T05:45:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z", "ms": -1402521672901.3328 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T07:55:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T05:45:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z", "ms": -1402521672901.3328 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T07:55:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T11:42:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-23T08:35:16Z", "ms": -1402500283878.709 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-23T12:30:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-23T09:23:16Z", "ms": -1402497403878.709 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T11:42:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T08:35:18Z", "ms": -1402413882202.678 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T09:23:18Z", "ms": -1402411002202.678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:45 on Thu 23 Jul to 07:54 on Fri 24 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z → 1925-07-24T04:48:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 23rd, 11:41–12:29 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13609 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1925 falls on Thursday 23 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:45 on Thu 23 Jul to 07:54 on Fri 24 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-07-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7189, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T07:55:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T09:42:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T07:55:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T09:42:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T11:42:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T08:35:18Z", "ms": -1402413882202.678 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-24T09:23:18Z", "ms": -1402411002202.678 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T11:42:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T08:35:19Z", "ms": -1402327481116.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T12:30:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T09:23:19Z", "ms": -1402324601116.2402 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Fri 24 Jul to 09:41 on Sat 25 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z → 1925-07-25T06:35:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 24th, 11:41–12:29 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7189 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 24 July. Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Fri 24 Jul to 09:41 on Sat 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T09:42:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T11:00:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": -1402243618432.3362 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T09:42:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T11:00:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": -1402243618432.3362 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T11:42:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T08:35:19Z", "ms": -1402327481116.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T12:30:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-25T09:23:19Z", "ms": -1402324601116.2402 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-26T11:42:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-26T08:35:19Z", "ms": -1402241080627.8516 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T12:30:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-26T09:23:19Z", "ms": -1402238200627.8516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:41 on Sat 25 Jul to 10:59 on Sun 26 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z → 1925-07-26T07:53:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 25th, 11:41–12:29 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Nāga Pañcamī 1925 falls on Saturday 25 July. Pañcamī runs from 09:41 on Sat 25 Jul to 10:59 on Sun 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T07:39:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z", "ms": -1401823628191.089 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:02:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T07:39:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z", "ms": -1401823628191.089 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:02:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T05:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-31T02:20:26Z", "ms": -1401831574433.5603 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-31T05:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-07-31T02:20:26Z", "ms": -1401831574433.5603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:27:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T02:20:54Z", "ms": -1401745146472.529 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:27:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T02:20:54Z", "ms": -1401745146472.529 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:39 on Fri 31 Jul to 05:02 on Sat 1 Aug.", "fact": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z → 1925-08-01T01:55:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:26 on the 31st and 05:27 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 31 July. Ekādaśī runs from 07:39 on Fri 31 Jul to 05:02 on Sat 1 Aug, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23976, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:02:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T01:56:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T05:02:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T01:56:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T11:42:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T08:35:09Z", "ms": -1401722690560.8162 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T12:30:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T09:23:09Z", "ms": -1401719810560.8162 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T11:42:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T08:35:06Z", "ms": -1401636294377.2744 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T12:30:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T09:23:06Z", "ms": -1401633414377.2744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:02 on Sat 1 Aug to 01:55 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z → 1925-08-01T22:49:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 1st, 11:41–12:29 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23976 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 1 August. Dvādaśī runs from 05:02 on Sat 1 Aug to 01:55 on Sun 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T01:56:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T22:29:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T19:22:00Z", "ms": -1401597479955.7686 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T01:56:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T22:29:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T19:22:00Z", "ms": -1401597479955.7686 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T18:44:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T15:37:25Z", "ms": -1401697354649.1033 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T20:10:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-01T17:03:17Z", "ms": -1401692203178.3823 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T18:43:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T15:36:50Z", "ms": -1401610990135.853 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T20:09:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-02T17:02:50Z", "ms": -1401605830235.3992 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:55 on Sun 2 Aug to 22:28 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z → 1925-08-02T19:22:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:09 on the 1st, 18:43–20:09 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 1st and 86 of 86 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 2 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:55 on Sun 2 Aug to 22:28 on Sun 2 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1920, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T18:49:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T15:05:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T04:57:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T01:50:17Z", "ms": -1401487783010.5178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T15:05:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T05:28:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T02:21:49Z", "ms": -1401572290882.449 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T05:29:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T02:22:17Z", "ms": -1401485863272.0188 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T05:29:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T02:22:17Z", "ms": -1401485863272.0188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-05T05:29:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-05T02:22:44Z", "ms": -1401399435793.7607 } }, "covered_min": 577, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:48 on Mon 3 Aug to 15:05 on Tue 4 Aug. Its second half begins at 04:56 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z → 1925-08-04T11:58:50Z · second half from 1925-08-04T01:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:28 on the 3rd, and from 05:28 on the 4th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 32 of 1440 minutes on the 3rd and 577 of 1440 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1920 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1925 falls on Tuesday 4 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 04:56 on Tue 4 Aug to 15:05 on Tue 4 Aug and falls on two days: 577 minutes of it on the 4th, 32 on the 3rd; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9354, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T18:49:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T15:05:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T18:49:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T15:05:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T11:42:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T08:35:01Z", "ms": -1401549898805.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-03T12:30:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-03T09:23:01Z", "ms": -1401547018805.1904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T11:41:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T08:34:56Z", "ms": -1401463503838.3845 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T12:29:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-04T09:22:56Z", "ms": -1401460623838.3845 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:48 on Mon 3 Aug to 15:05 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z → 1925-08-04T11:58:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 3rd, 11:41–12:29 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9354 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1925 falls on Tuesday 4 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:48 on Mon 3 Aug to 15:05 on Tue 4 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T11:28:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z", "ms": -1401377890221.6704 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T08:07:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T11:28:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z", "ms": -1401377890221.6704 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T08:07:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T19:43:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-05T16:36:04Z", "ms": -1401348235912.441 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-05T19:43:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-05T16:36:04Z", "ms": -1401348235912.441 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T20:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T17:22:36Z", "ms": -1401259043686.0005 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T20:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T17:22:36Z", "ms": -1401259043686.0005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 11:28 on Wed 5 Aug to 08:07 on Thu 6 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z → 1925-08-06T05:00:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:42 on the 5th and 20:29 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 5 August. Dvitīyā runs from 11:28 on Wed 5 Aug to 08:07 on Thu 6 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12847, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T08:07:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T08:07:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T11:41:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T08:34:44Z", "ms": -1401290715690.1602 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T12:29:44+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T09:22:44Z", "ms": -1401287835690.1602 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T11:41:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T08:34:38Z", "ms": -1401204322492.1387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T12:29:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T09:22:38Z", "ms": -1401201442492.1387 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:07 on Thu 6 Aug to 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z → 1925-08-07T02:04:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 6th, 11:41–12:29 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12847 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1925 falls on Thursday 6 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:07 on Thu 6 Aug to 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T02:48:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T02:48:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T16:03:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T12:56:04Z", "ms": -1401275036032.6426 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T18:41:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T15:34:17Z", "ms": -1401265542927.6309 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T16:02:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T12:55:37Z", "ms": -1401188663235.5146 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T18:40:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T15:33:36Z", "ms": -1401179183731.0989 } }, "covered_min": 158, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug to 02:48 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z → 1925-08-07T23:41:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:02–18:40 on the 6th, 16:02–18:40 on the 7th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 158 minutes on the 6th and 158 of 158 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Bahulā Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug to 02:48 on Sat 8 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-08-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T02:48:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T05:11:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T02:48:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T20:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T17:22:36Z", "ms": -1401259043686.0005 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T20:29:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-06T17:22:36Z", "ms": -1401259043686.0005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T21:12:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T18:05:17Z", "ms": -1401170082941.7852 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T21:12:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-07T18:05:17Z", "ms": -1401170082941.7852 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug to 02:48 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z → 1925-08-07T23:41:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:29 on the 6th and 21:11 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Fri 7 Aug to 02:48 on Sat 8 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38059, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T01:07:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z", "ms": -1401069596960.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T00:11:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T01:07:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z", "ms": -1401069596960.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T00:11:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T11:41:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T08:34:22Z", "ms": -1401031537807.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-09T12:29:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T09:22:22Z", "ms": -1401028657807.3335 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T11:41:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T08:34:14Z", "ms": -1400945146305.4697 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T12:29:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1400942266305.4697 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:06 on Sun 9 Aug to 00:10 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z → 1925-08-09T21:04:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 9th, 11:40–12:28 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38059 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Sunday 9 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:06 on Sun 9 Aug to 00:10 on Mon 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41406, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T00:11:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:03:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T00:11:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:03:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T11:41:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T08:34:14Z", "ms": -1400945146305.4697 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T12:29:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1400942266305.4697 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T11:41:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T08:34:05Z", "ms": -1400858755354.69 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T12:29:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T09:22:05Z", "ms": -1400855875354.69 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:10 on Mon 10 Aug to 00:02 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z → 1925-08-10T20:56:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 10th, 11:40–12:28 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 41406 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śītalā Saptamī 1925 falls on Monday 10 August. Saptamī runs from 00:10 on Mon 10 Aug to 00:02 on Tue 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:03:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T00:43:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T21:36:05Z", "ms": -1400811834647.087 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:03:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T00:43:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T21:36:05Z", "ms": -1400811834647.087 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T23:41:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:34:27Z", "ms": -1400901933013.1929 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:29:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-10T21:22:27Z", "ms": -1400899053013.1929 } }, "covered_min": 26, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T23:41:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T20:34:18Z", "ms": -1400815542146.5244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T00:29:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-11T21:22:18Z", "ms": -1400812662146.5244 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:02 on Tue 11 Aug to 00:42 on Wed 12 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z → 1925-08-11T21:36:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 10th, 23:40–00:28 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 26 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Janmāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:02 on Tue 11 Aug to 00:42 on Wed 12 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 26 minutes; by the rule the second night is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2960, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T04:02:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z", "ms": -1400627088838.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T06:23:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-15T03:16:30Z", "ms": -1400532209823.8137 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T04:02:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z", "ms": -1400627088838.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T06:23:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-15T03:16:30Z", "ms": -1400532209823.8137 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T05:33:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-14T02:26:45Z", "ms": -1400621595245.916 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-14T05:33:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-14T02:26:45Z", "ms": -1400621595245.916 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-15T05:34:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-15T02:27:11Z", "ms": -1400535169370.653 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T05:34:11+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-15T02:27:11Z", "ms": -1400535169370.653 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:01 on Fri 14 Aug to 06:23 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z → 1925-08-15T03:16:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:33 on the 14th and 05:33 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2960 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ajā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 15 August. Ekādaśī runs from 04:01 on Fri 14 Aug to 06:23 on Sat 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25070, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T08:58:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z", "ms": -1400436536291.275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T08:58:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z", "ms": -1400436536291.275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T18:33:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-16T15:26:46Z", "ms": -1400401993589.4478 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-16T20:01:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-16T16:54:56Z", "ms": -1400396703537.5032 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T18:32:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T15:25:56Z", "ms": -1400315643511.5786 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T20:01:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T16:54:17Z", "ms": -1400310343431.868 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:57 on Sun 16 Aug to 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z → 1925-08-17T08:28:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:33–20:01 on the 16th, 18:32–20:00 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 88 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25070 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 16 August. Trayodaśī runs from 08:57 on Sun 16 Aug to 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16002, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T14:05:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T14:05:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T18:32:56+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T15:25:56Z", "ms": -1400315643511.5786 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T20:01:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T16:54:17Z", "ms": -1400310343431.868 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-18T18:32:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T15:25:06Z", "ms": -1400229294240.2944 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T20:00:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T16:53:36Z", "ms": -1400223984052.5974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug to 14:04 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z → 1925-08-18T10:58:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:00 on the 17th, 18:31–20:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 89 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16002 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Aghora Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Monday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug to 14:04 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-08-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34475, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T14:05:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T11:35:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T14:05:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T23:40:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T20:33:12Z", "ms": -1400297208212.6633 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T00:28:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-17T21:21:12Z", "ms": -1400294328212.6633 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-18T23:39:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T20:32:59Z", "ms": -1400210821036.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-19T00:27:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-18T21:20:59Z", "ms": -1400207941036.4302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug to 14:04 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z → 1925-08-18T10:58:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:39–00:27 on the 17th, 23:39–00:27 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34475 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Monday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 17 Aug to 14:04 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14041, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T16:21:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z", "ms": -1400150725367.7886 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T18:18:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-20T15:11:17Z", "ms": -1400057322894.7183 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T16:21:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z", "ms": -1400150725367.7886 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T18:18:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-20T15:11:17Z", "ms": -1400057322894.7183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T11:39:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-19T08:32:33Z", "ms": -1400167646794.5015 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-19T12:27:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-19T09:20:33Z", "ms": -1400164766794.5015 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-20T11:39:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-20T08:32:19Z", "ms": -1400081260500.183 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T12:27:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-20T09:20:19Z", "ms": -1400078380500.183 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:21 on Wed 19 Aug to 18:17 on Thu 20 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z → 1925-08-20T15:11:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 19th, 11:38–12:26 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14041 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rudra Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 20 August. Pratipadā runs from 16:21 on Wed 19 Aug to 18:17 on Thu 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26676, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-21T19:51:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z", "ms": -1399965318962.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-22T20:59:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-21T19:51:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z", "ms": -1399965318962.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-22T20:59:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-21T11:39:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-21T08:32:05Z", "ms": -1399994874685.6562 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-21T12:27:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-21T09:20:05Z", "ms": -1399991994685.6562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T11:38:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T08:31:51Z", "ms": -1399908489341.9941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-22T12:26:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T09:19:51Z", "ms": -1399905609341.9941 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 19:51 on Fri 21 Aug to 20:58 on Sat 22 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z → 1925-08-22T17:52:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 21st, 11:38–12:26 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26676 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1925 falls on Saturday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 19:51 on Fri 21 Aug to 20:58 on Sat 22 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T20:59:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T21:38:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T20:59:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T21:38:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T11:38:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T08:31:51Z", "ms": -1399908489341.9941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-22T12:26:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-22T09:19:51Z", "ms": -1399905609341.9941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T11:38:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T08:31:36Z", "ms": -1399822104459.6553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T12:26:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T09:19:36Z", "ms": -1399819224459.6553 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Sat 22 Aug to 21:37 on Sun 23 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z → 1925-08-23T18:31:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 22nd, 11:38–12:26 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1925 falls on Sunday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Sat 22 Aug to 21:37 on Sun 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T21:38:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T21:47:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T21:38:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T21:47:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T11:38:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T08:31:36Z", "ms": -1399822104459.6553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T12:26:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-23T09:19:36Z", "ms": -1399819224459.6553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T11:38:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T08:31:20Z", "ms": -1399735720028.3833 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T12:26:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T09:19:20Z", "ms": -1399732840028.3833 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:37 on Sun 23 Aug to 21:46 on Mon 24 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z → 1925-08-24T18:40:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 23rd, 11:37–12:25 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 33094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1925 falls on Monday 24 August. Pañcamī runs from 21:37 on Sun 23 Aug to 21:46 on Mon 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T21:47:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T21:25:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T21:47:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T21:25:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T11:38:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T08:31:20Z", "ms": -1399735720028.3833 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T12:26:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-24T09:19:20Z", "ms": -1399732840028.3833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T11:38:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T08:31:04Z", "ms": -1399649336037.0986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T12:26:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T09:19:04Z", "ms": -1399646456037.0986 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:46 on Mon 24 Aug to 21:25 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z → 1925-08-25T18:18:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 24th, 11:37–12:25 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1925 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:46 on Mon 24 Aug to 21:25 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29159, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T21:25:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T20:31:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T21:25:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T20:31:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T11:38:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T08:31:04Z", "ms": -1399649336037.0986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T12:26:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-25T09:19:04Z", "ms": -1399646456037.0986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T11:37:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T08:30:48Z", "ms": -1399562952473.7869 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T12:25:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T09:18:48Z", "ms": -1399560072473.7869 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:25 on Tue 25 Aug to 20:31 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z → 1925-08-26T17:24:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 25th, 11:37–12:25 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29159 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Saptamī runs from 21:25 on Tue 25 Aug to 20:31 on Wed 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24046, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T20:31:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T19:06:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-27T15:59:17Z", "ms": -1399449642890.1433 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T20:31:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T19:06:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-27T15:59:17Z", "ms": -1399449642890.1433 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T11:37:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T08:30:48Z", "ms": -1399562952473.7869 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T12:25:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-26T09:18:48Z", "ms": -1399560072473.7869 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-27T11:37:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-27T08:30:31Z", "ms": -1399476569325.37 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T12:25:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-27T09:18:31Z", "ms": -1399473689325.37 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 20:31 on Wed 26 Aug to 19:05 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z → 1925-08-27T15:59:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 26th, 11:37–12:25 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24046 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rādhāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Thursday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 20:31 on Wed 26 Aug to 19:05 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22734, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T14:46:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z", "ms": -1399292423061.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T11:59:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T14:46:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z", "ms": -1399292423061.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T11:59:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T05:39:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-29T02:32:51Z", "ms": -1399325228636.7153 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-29T05:39:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-29T02:32:51Z", "ms": -1399325228636.7153 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T05:40:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T02:33:14Z", "ms": -1399238805842.8699 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T05:40:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T02:33:14Z", "ms": -1399238805842.8699 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Sat 29 Aug to 11:58 on Sun 30 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z → 1925-08-30T08:52:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:39 on the 29th and 05:39 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22734 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 30 August. Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Sat 29 Aug to 11:58 on Sun 30 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1351, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T11:59:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T08:53:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T11:59:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T08:53:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T11:36:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:29:38Z", "ms": -1399217422219.9065 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T12:24:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-30T09:17:38Z", "ms": -1399214542219.9065 } }, "covered_min": 25, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T11:36:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T08:29:19Z", "ms": -1399131040574.4805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T12:24:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T09:17:19Z", "ms": -1399128160574.4805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:58 on Sun 30 Aug to 08:52 on Mon 31 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z → 1925-08-31T05:46:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 30th, 11:35–12:23 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 25 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1351 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vāmana Jayantī 1925 falls on Sunday 30 August. Dvādaśī runs from 11:58 on Sun 30 Aug to 08:52 on Mon 31 Aug and covers 25 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T08:53:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T05:36:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T08:53:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T05:36:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T18:20:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T15:13:02Z", "ms": -1399106817918.9248 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T19:50:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-08-31T16:43:50Z", "ms": -1399101370301.296 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T18:19:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T15:12:02Z", "ms": -1399020477730.4194 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T19:50:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T16:43:01Z", "ms": -1399015019166.3032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:52 on Mon 31 Aug to 05:35 on Tue 1 Sep.", "fact": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z → 1925-09-01T02:29:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–19:50 on the 31st, 18:18–19:49 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 31 August. Trayodaśī runs from 08:52 on Mon 31 Aug to 05:35 on Tue 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T05:36:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T02:15:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T23:08:27Z", "ms": -1398991893000.0483 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T05:36:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T02:15:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T23:08:27Z", "ms": -1398991893000.0483 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T05:40:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:33:59Z", "ms": -1399065960786.7083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T08:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-01T05:05:36Z", "ms": -1399056864175.4504 } }, "covered_min": 152, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-02T05:41:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-02T02:34:22Z", "ms": -1398979538499.5486 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T08:12:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-02T05:05:42Z", "ms": -1398970458400.1519 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:35 on Tue 1 Sep to 02:14 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z → 1925-09-01T23:08:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:40–08:12 on the 1st, 05:40–08:12 on the 2nd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 152 of 152 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 151 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 285 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ananta Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Caturdaśī runs from 05:35 on Tue 1 Sep to 02:14 on Wed 2 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning. It is 4 min 45 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-09-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18473, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T15:16:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z", "ms": -1398685806877.848 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T13:53:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-06T10:46:27Z", "ms": -1398604413215.6448 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T15:16:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z", "ms": -1398685806877.848 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T13:53:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-06T10:46:27Z", "ms": -1398604413215.6448 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T20:24:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-05T17:17:46Z", "ms": -1398667333726.242 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-05T20:24:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-05T17:17:46Z", "ms": -1398667333726.242 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-06T21:04:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-06T17:57:22Z", "ms": -1398578558287.4414 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T21:04:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-06T17:57:22Z", "ms": -1398578558287.4414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:16 on Sat 5 Sep to 13:52 on Sun 6 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z → 1925-09-06T10:46:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:24 on the 5th and 21:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18473 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 5 September. Caturthī runs from 15:16 on Sat 5 Sep to 13:52 on Sun 6 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-09-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T13:16:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z", "ms": -1398520208408.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T13:29:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-08T10:22:55Z", "ms": -1398433024681.137 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T13:16:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z", "ms": -1398520208408.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T13:29:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-08T10:22:55Z", "ms": -1398433024681.137 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T21:44:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-07T18:37:17Z", "ms": -1398489763423.5425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-07T21:44:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-07T18:37:17Z", "ms": -1398489763423.5425 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-08T22:25:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-08T19:18:20Z", "ms": -1398400900482.3877 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T22:25:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-08T19:18:20Z", "ms": -1398400900482.3877 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:16 on Mon 7 Sep to 13:29 on Tue 8 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z → 1925-09-08T10:22:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:43 on the 7th and 22:24 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Monday 7 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:16 on Mon 7 Sep to 13:29 on Tue 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T14:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T16:15:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T14:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T16:15:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T18:10:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T15:03:50Z", "ms": -1398329770410.1697 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:43:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T16:36:17Z", "ms": -1398324222891.2622 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-10T18:09:47+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T15:02:47Z", "ms": -1398243433355.4282 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T19:42:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T16:35:25Z", "ms": -1398237874571.49 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:30 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:14 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z → 1925-09-10T13:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:10–19:42 on the 9th, 18:09–19:41 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 93 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1925 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:30 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:14 on Thu 10 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T14:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T16:15:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T14:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T16:15:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T23:08:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T20:01:07Z", "ms": -1398311932952.4133 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-09T23:08:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-09T20:01:07Z", "ms": -1398311932952.4133 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-10T23:53:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T20:46:01Z", "ms": -1398222839417.8418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T23:53:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-10T20:46:01Z", "ms": -1398222839417.8418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:30 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:14 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z → 1925-09-10T13:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:07 on the 9th and 23:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1925 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:30 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:14 on Thu 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21740, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-12T21:05:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z", "ms": -1398060118323.986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-13T23:43:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-13T20:36:22Z", "ms": -1397964218258.5066 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-12T21:05:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z", "ms": -1398060118323.986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-13T23:43:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-13T20:36:22Z", "ms": -1397964218258.5066 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-13T05:45:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-13T02:38:21Z", "ms": -1398028899433.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-13T05:45:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-13T02:38:21Z", "ms": -1398028899433.7095 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-14T05:45:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T02:38:42Z", "ms": -1397942477912.2336 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-14T05:45:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T02:38:42Z", "ms": -1397942477912.2336 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:04 on Sat 12 Sep to 23:42 on Sun 13 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z → 1925-09-13T20:36:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:44 on the 13th and 05:45 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21740 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Indirā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 21:04 on Sat 12 Sep to 23:42 on Sun 13 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23614, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T02:12:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z", "ms": -1397868869404.2761 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T04:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T02:12:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z", "ms": -1397868869404.2761 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T04:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-14T18:05:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T14:58:33Z", "ms": -1397898087048.9697 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-14T19:38:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-14T16:31:57Z", "ms": -1397892482959.2373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T18:04:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-15T14:57:29Z", "ms": -1397811750828.1147 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-15T19:38:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-15T16:31:05Z", "ms": -1397806135359.6033 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:12 on Tue 15 Sep to 04:21 on Wed 16 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z → 1925-09-16T01:15:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:38 on the 14th, 18:03–19:37 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 14th and 94 of 94 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23614 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Tuesday 15 September. Trayodaśī runs from 02:12 on Tue 15 Sep to 04:21 on Wed 16 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-09-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14559, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T04:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T06:05:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T04:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T06:05:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T23:31:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-15T20:24:27Z", "ms": -1397792132821.1968 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T00:19:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-15T21:12:27Z", "ms": -1397789252821.1968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T23:31:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T20:24:06Z", "ms": -1397705753959.2136 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T00:19:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-16T21:12:06Z", "ms": -1397702873959.2136 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:21 on Wed 16 Sep to 06:04 on Thu 17 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z → 1925-09-17T02:58:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:30–00:18 on the 15th, 23:30–00:18 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14559 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Wednesday 16 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:21 on Wed 16 Sep to 06:04 on Thu 17 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20901, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T06:05:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T07:19:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T06:05:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T07:19:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T13:08:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T10:01:08Z", "ms": -1397656732474.549 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T15:35:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-17T12:28:14Z", "ms": -1397647905560.5127 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T13:07:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T10:00:38Z", "ms": -1397570362212.5059 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T15:34:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T12:27:28Z", "ms": -1397561552425.742 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 06:04 on Thu 17 Sep to 07:18 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z → 1925-09-18T04:12:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:07–15:34 on the 17th, 13:07–15:33 on the 18th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 147 of 147 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 147 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20901 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1925 falls on Thursday 17 September. Amāvasyā runs from 06:04 on Thu 17 Sep to 07:18 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T07:19:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T08:03:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-19T04:56:19Z", "ms": -1397502220530.8928 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T07:19:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T08:03:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-19T04:56:19Z", "ms": -1397502220530.8928 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T11:30:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T08:23:13Z", "ms": -1397576207105.888 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:18:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-18T09:11:13Z", "ms": -1397573327105.888 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-19T11:29:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-19T08:22:52Z", "ms": -1397489828264.315 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T12:17:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-19T09:10:52Z", "ms": -1397486948264.315 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:18 on Fri 18 Sep to 08:02 on Sat 19 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z → 1925-09-19T04:56:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 18th, 11:29–12:17 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1925 falls on Friday 18 September. Pratipadā runs from 07:18 on Fri 18 Sep to 08:02 on Sat 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-09-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12022, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T08:08:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z", "ms": -1397329092452.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T07:35:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-22T04:28:04Z", "ms": -1397244716420.8838 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T08:08:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z", "ms": -1397329092452.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T07:35:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-22T04:28:04Z", "ms": -1397244716420.8838 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T11:29:10+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-21T08:22:10Z", "ms": -1397317070466.7812 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-21T12:17:10+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-21T09:10:10Z", "ms": -1397314190466.7812 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-22T11:28:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-22T08:21:49Z", "ms": -1397230691477.061 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T12:16:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-22T09:09:49Z", "ms": -1397227811477.061 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:08 on Mon 21 Sep to 07:34 on Tue 22 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z → 1925-09-22T04:28:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 21st, 11:28–12:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12022 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 21 September. Caturthī runs from 08:08 on Mon 21 Sep to 07:34 on Tue 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T05:25:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1397079718962.941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T03:51:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T05:25:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1397079718962.941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T03:51:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T05:49:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-24T02:42:20Z", "ms": -1397078260163.8618 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-24T06:37:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-24T03:30:42Z", "ms": -1397075357905.8096 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T05:49:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T02:42:42Z", "ms": -1396991837904.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T06:37:59+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T03:30:59Z", "ms": -1396988941375.1816 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:24 on Thu 24 Sep to 03:50 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z → 1925-09-25T00:44:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:48–06:37 on the 24th, 05:49–06:37 on the 25th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Durgā Saptamī 1925 falls on Thursday 24 September. Saptamī runs from 05:24 on Thu 24 Sep to 03:50 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27388, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T03:51:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T01:59:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T03:51:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T01:59:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T11:27:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T08:20:46Z", "ms": -1396971553932.874 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T12:15:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T09:08:46Z", "ms": -1396968673932.874 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T11:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T08:20:26Z", "ms": -1396885174497.206 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T12:15:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T09:08:26Z", "ms": -1396882294497.206 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:50 on Fri 25 Sep to 01:59 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z → 1925-09-25T22:52:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 25th, 11:26–12:14 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27388 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1925 falls on Friday 25 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:50 on Fri 25 Sep to 01:59 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T01:59:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T23:51:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T01:59:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T23:51:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T11:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T08:20:26Z", "ms": -1396885174497.206 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T12:15:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T09:08:26Z", "ms": -1396882294497.206 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T11:27:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T08:20:05Z", "ms": -1396798794900.813 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T12:15:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T09:08:05Z", "ms": -1396795914900.813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 01:59 on Sat 26 Sep to 23:50 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z → 1925-09-26T20:44:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 26th, 11:26–12:14 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mahānavamī 1925 falls on Saturday 26 September. Navamī runs from 01:59 on Sat 26 Sep to 23:50 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5207, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T23:51:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T21:28:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T23:51:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T21:28:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T11:27:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T08:20:26Z", "ms": -1396885174497.206 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T12:15:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-26T09:08:26Z", "ms": -1396882294497.206 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T11:27:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T08:20:05Z", "ms": -1396798794900.813 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T12:15:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T09:08:05Z", "ms": -1396795914900.813 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 23:50 on Sat 26 Sep to 21:27 on Sun 27 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z → 1925-09-27T18:21:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 26th, 11:26–12:14 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5207 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1925 falls on Sunday 27 September. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 23:50 on Sat 26 Sep to 21:27 on Sun 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T21:28:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T18:53:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-28T15:46:46Z", "ms": -1396685594353.8118 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T21:28:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T18:53:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-28T15:46:46Z", "ms": -1396685594353.8118 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-28T05:50:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-28T02:43:50Z", "ms": -1396732570268.5686 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T05:50:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-28T02:43:50Z", "ms": -1396732570268.5686 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T05:51:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T02:44:13Z", "ms": -1396646147386.5984 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-29T05:51:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T02:44:13Z", "ms": -1396646147386.5984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 27 Sep to 18:53 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z → 1925-09-28T15:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:50 on the 28th and 05:50 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 28 September. Ekādaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 27 Sep to 18:53 on Mon 28 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T16:12:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z", "ms": -1396608898626.552 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T13:29:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-30T10:22:07Z", "ms": -1396532273126.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T16:12:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z", "ms": -1396608898626.552 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T13:29:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-30T10:22:07Z", "ms": -1396532273126.7087 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T17:49:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T14:42:37Z", "ms": -1396603042888.8215 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-29T19:25:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-29T16:18:53Z", "ms": -1396597267078.0298 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-30T17:48:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-30T14:41:34Z", "ms": -1396516705540.666 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T19:25:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-09-30T16:18:02Z", "ms": -1396510918270.3887 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:11 on Tue 29 Sep to 13:28 on Wed 30 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z → 1925-09-30T10:22:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:49–19:25 on the 29th, 17:48–19:24 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 96 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Trayodaśī runs from 16:11 on Tue 29 Sep to 13:28 on Wed 30 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28336, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T04:13:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T04:10:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T04:13:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T04:10:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-04T19:36:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-04T16:29:51Z", "ms": -1396164609385.8113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-04T19:36:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-04T16:29:51Z", "ms": -1396164609385.8113 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T20:18:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T17:11:05Z", "ms": -1396075735421.1953 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-05T20:18:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T17:11:05Z", "ms": -1396075735421.1953 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:13 on Mon 5 Oct to 04:09 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z → 1925-10-06T01:03:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 4th and 20:17 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28336 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1925 falls on Monday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 04:13 on Mon 5 Oct to 04:09 on Tue 6 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-10-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28336, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T04:13:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T04:10:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T04:13:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T04:10:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-04T19:36:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-04T16:29:51Z", "ms": -1396164609385.8113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-04T19:36:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-04T16:29:51Z", "ms": -1396164609385.8113 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T20:18:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T17:11:05Z", "ms": -1396075735421.1953 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-05T20:18:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-05T17:11:05Z", "ms": -1396075735421.1953 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:13 on Mon 5 Oct to 04:09 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z → 1925-10-06T01:03:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 4th and 20:17 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28336 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 04:13 on Mon 5 Oct to 04:09 on Tue 6 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35710, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-09T08:27:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z", "ms": -1395772750141.517 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-10T10:58:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-10T07:51:08Z", "ms": -1395677332153.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-09T08:27:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z", "ms": -1395772750141.517 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-10T10:58:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-10T07:51:08Z", "ms": -1395677332153.4822 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-08T22:32:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-08T19:25:40Z", "ms": -1395808459734.5627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-08T22:32:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-08T19:25:40Z", "ms": -1395808459734.5627 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-09T23:21:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-09T20:14:25Z", "ms": -1395719134590.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-09T23:21:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-09T20:14:25Z", "ms": -1395719134590.1597 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:27 on Fri 9 Oct to 10:57 on Sat 10 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z → 1925-10-10T07:51:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:32 on the 8th and 23:20 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35710 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1925 falls on Friday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:27 on Fri 9 Oct to 10:57 on Sat 10 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36779, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-12T16:09:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z", "ms": -1395485846509.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T18:20:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-12T16:09:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z", "ms": -1395485846509.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T18:20:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-12T05:56:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-12T02:49:35Z", "ms": -1395522625406.5103 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-12T05:56:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-12T02:49:35Z", "ms": -1395522625406.5103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T05:57:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T02:50:02Z", "ms": -1395436198210.4182 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T05:57:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T02:50:02Z", "ms": -1395436198210.4182 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 12 Oct to 18:19 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z → 1925-10-13T15:13:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:56 on the 12th and 05:56 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36779 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Ramā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 October. Ekādaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 12 Oct to 18:19 on Tue 13 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2666, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T18:20:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T18:20:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T17:35:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T14:28:37Z", "ms": -1395394282698.5813 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T19:14:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-13T16:07:32Z", "ms": -1395388347753.4023 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T17:34:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T14:27:41Z", "ms": -1395307938626.9548 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:13:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:06:48Z", "ms": -1395301992489.6094 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:19 on Tue 13 Oct to 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z → 1925-10-14T16:51:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:35–19:14 on the 13th, 17:34–19:13 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 99 minutes on the 13th and 99 of 99 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 2666 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 October. Dvādaśī runs from 18:19 on Tue 13 Oct to 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct and covers 54 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 99 minutes; by the rule the first evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T17:34:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T14:27:41Z", "ms": -1395307938626.9548 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:13:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:06:48Z", "ms": -1395301992489.6094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T17:33:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T14:26:46Z", "ms": -1395221593873.3 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T19:13:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T16:06:03Z", "ms": -1395215636578.894 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct to 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z → 1925-10-15T17:53:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:34–19:13 on the 14th, 17:33–19:12 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 99 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Yama Dīpadāna 1925 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct to 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:58:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T17:34:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T14:27:41Z", "ms": -1395307938626.9548 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T19:13:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:06:48Z", "ms": -1395301992489.6094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T17:33:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T14:26:46Z", "ms": -1395221593873.3 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T19:13:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T16:06:03Z", "ms": -1395215636578.894 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct to 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z → 1925-10-15T17:53:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:34–19:13 on the 14th, 17:33–19:12 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 99 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 19:58 on Wed 14 Oct to 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-10-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7065, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T23:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T20:15:06Z", "ms": -1395200694019.277 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T00:10:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T21:03:06Z", "ms": -1395197814019.277 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T23:21:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T20:14:53Z", "ms": -1395114306861.296 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T00:09:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T21:02:53Z", "ms": -1395111426861.296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct to 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z → 1925-10-16T18:17:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:21–00:09 on the 15th, 23:21–00:09 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7065 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Thursday 15 October. Caturdaśī runs from 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct to 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T21:00:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T04:19:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T01:12:09Z", "ms": -1395182871459.6602 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T05:58:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T02:51:26Z", "ms": -1395176914165.2542 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T04:19:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T01:12:26Z", "ms": -1395096453723.287 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T05:58:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T02:51:55Z", "ms": -1395090485309.4658 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct to 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z → 1925-10-16T18:17:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:18–05:57 on the 16th, 04:18–05:58 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 99 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1925 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 20:59 on Thu 15 Oct to 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7065, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T23:21:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T20:14:53Z", "ms": -1395114306861.296 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T00:09:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T21:02:53Z", "ms": -1395111426861.296 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T23:21:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T20:14:41Z", "ms": -1395027919123.8105 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T00:09:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T21:02:41Z", "ms": -1395025039123.8105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct to 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z → 1925-10-17T18:05:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:21–00:09 on the 16th, 23:21–00:09 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7065 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kālī Pūjā 1925 falls on Friday 16 October. Amāvasyā runs from 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct to 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7259, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T21:24:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T17:32:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T14:25:52Z", "ms": -1395135248413.126 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T19:12:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-16T16:05:20Z", "ms": -1395129279999.3047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T17:31:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T14:24:58Z", "ms": -1395048902222.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T19:11:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T16:04:37Z", "ms": -1395042922729.4907 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct to 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z → 1925-10-17T18:05:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:32–19:11 on the 16th, 17:31–19:11 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 16th and 100 of 100 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7259 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1925 falls on Saturday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 21:23 on Fri 16 Oct to 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30087, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T11:21:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T08:14:26Z", "ms": -1395071133765.9656 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T12:09:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T09:02:26Z", "ms": -1395068253765.9656 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T11:21:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T08:14:14Z", "ms": -1394984745651.486 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T12:09:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T09:02:14Z", "ms": -1394981865651.486 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 17th, 11:20–12:08 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30087 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Govardhana Pūjā 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4786, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T17:31:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T14:24:58Z", "ms": -1395048902222.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T19:11:37+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T16:04:37Z", "ms": -1395042922729.4907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T17:31:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T14:24:05Z", "ms": -1394962555277.8167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T19:10:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T16:03:55Z", "ms": -1394956564748.6448 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:31–19:11 on the 17th, 17:30–19:10 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4786 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Bali Pūjā 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T21:12:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T05:59:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T02:52:24Z", "ms": -1395004056025.1555 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T09:49:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T06:42:58Z", "ms": -1394990222442.7092 } }, "covered_min": 231, "window_min": 231, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T05:59:54+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T02:52:54Z", "ms": -1394917626309.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T09:50:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T06:43:00Z", "ms": -1394903820058.0217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:58–09:49 on the 18th, 05:59–09:49 on the 19th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 231 of 231 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 230 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Dyūta Pratipad 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Sat 17 Oct to 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26117, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T19:24:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T16:17:20Z", "ms": -1394869360092.2295 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:30:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T19:24:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T16:17:20Z", "ms": -1394869360092.2295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T11:21:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T08:14:14Z", "ms": -1394984745651.486 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T12:09:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-18T09:02:14Z", "ms": -1394981865651.486 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T11:21:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T08:14:03Z", "ms": -1394898356932.5193 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T12:09:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1394895476932.5193 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct to 19:23 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z → 1925-10-19T16:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 18th, 11:20–12:08 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26117 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1925 falls on Monday 19 October. Dvitīyā runs from 20:30 on Sun 18 Oct to 19:23 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15166, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T17:59:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T16:21:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T17:59:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T16:21:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T11:20:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T08:13:52Z", "ms": -1394811967596.3613 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T12:08:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T09:01:52Z", "ms": -1394809087596.3613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-21T11:20:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T08:13:42Z", "ms": -1394725577630.6162 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T12:08:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T09:01:42Z", "ms": -1394722697630.6162 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:58 on Tue 20 Oct to 16:20 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z → 1925-10-21T13:14:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 20th, 11:20–12:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Nāga Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 17:58 on Tue 20 Oct to 16:20 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-10-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15166, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T17:59:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T16:21:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T17:59:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T16:21:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T11:20:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T08:13:52Z", "ms": -1394811967596.3613 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T12:08:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-20T09:01:52Z", "ms": -1394809087596.3613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-21T11:20:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T08:13:42Z", "ms": -1394725577630.6162 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T12:08:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-21T09:01:42Z", "ms": -1394722697630.6162 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:58 on Tue 20 Oct to 16:20 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z → 1925-10-21T13:14:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 20th, 11:20–12:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 17:58 on Tue 20 Oct to 16:20 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T14:34:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z", "ms": -1394627551267.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T12:41:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-23T09:34:29Z", "ms": -1394547930946.5933 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T14:34:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z", "ms": -1394627551267.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T12:41:29+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-23T09:34:29Z", "ms": -1394547930946.5933 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T11:20:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-22T08:13:33Z", "ms": -1394639187022.9436 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-22T12:08:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-22T09:01:33Z", "ms": -1394636307022.9436 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-23T11:20:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-23T08:13:24Z", "ms": -1394552795760.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T12:08:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-23T09:01:24Z", "ms": -1394549915760.8042 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Thu 22 Oct to 12:40 on Fri 23 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z → 1925-10-23T09:34:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 22nd, 11:19–12:07 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1925 falls on Friday 23 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Thu 22 Oct to 12:40 on Fri 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2155, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T10:44:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z", "ms": -1394468559276.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T10:44:21+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z", "ms": -1394468559276.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T11:20:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-24T08:13:16Z", "ms": -1394466403831.2485 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-24T12:08:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-24T09:01:16Z", "ms": -1394463523831.2485 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T11:20:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T08:13:09Z", "ms": -1394380011220.7534 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T12:08:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T09:01:09Z", "ms": -1394377131220.7534 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:43 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z → 1925-10-25T05:37:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 24th, 11:19–12:07 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2155 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Gopāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Saturday 24 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:43 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T06:42:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T06:42:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T06:03:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T02:56:01Z", "ms": -1394399038848.61 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T09:50:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T06:43:26Z", "ms": -1394385393763.3723 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 227, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-26T06:03:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T02:56:34Z", "ms": -1394312606066.3184 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T09:50:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T06:43:33Z", "ms": -1394298987298.8735 } }, "covered_min": 38, "window_min": 227, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z → 1925-10-26T03:35:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:02–09:49 on the 25th, 06:03–09:50 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 66 of 227 minutes on the 25th and 38 of 227 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1925 falls on Sunday 25 October. Navamī runs from 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 26 Oct and covers 66 of 227 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the next forenoon for 38 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9357, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T06:42:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T08:44:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T06:42:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T11:20:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T08:13:09Z", "ms": -1394380011220.7534 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T12:08:09+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-25T09:01:09Z", "ms": -1394377131220.7534 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-26T11:20:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T08:13:02Z", "ms": -1394293617915.1511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T12:08:02+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-26T09:01:02Z", "ms": -1394290737915.1511 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z → 1925-10-26T03:35:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 25th, 11:19–12:07 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9357 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Durgā Navamī 1925 falls on Sunday 25 October. Navamī runs from 08:43 on Sun 25 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5093, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T04:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z", "ms": -1394231265422.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T02:38:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:31:13Z", "ms": -1394152127020.6064 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T04:39:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z", "ms": -1394231265422.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T02:38:13+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:31:13Z", "ms": -1394152127020.6064 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T06:04:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T02:57:07Z", "ms": -1394226172839.2998 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-27T06:04:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-27T02:57:07Z", "ms": -1394226172839.2998 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-28T06:04:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T02:57:41Z", "ms": -1394139739164.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T06:04:41+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T02:57:41Z", "ms": -1394139739164.4172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:38 on Tue 27 Oct to 02:37 on Wed 28 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z → 1925-10-27T23:31:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:03 on the 27th and 06:04 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5093 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Tuesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 27 October. Ekādaśī runs from 04:38 on Tue 27 Oct to 02:37 on Wed 28 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T00:42:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z", "ms": -1394072664227.4624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-29T22:57:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-29T19:50:23Z", "ms": -1393992577439.0413 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T00:42:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z", "ms": -1394072664227.4624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-29T22:57:23+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-29T19:50:23Z", "ms": -1393992577439.0413 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-28T17:23:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T14:16:01Z", "ms": -1394099039153.3604 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T19:04:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-28T15:57:39Z", "ms": -1394092941271.3296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T17:22:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-29T14:15:18Z", "ms": -1394012682316.3484 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-29T19:04:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-29T15:57:06Z", "ms": -1394006574068.411 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 22:56 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z → 1925-10-29T19:50:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:22–19:04 on the 28th, 17:21–19:03 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 28th and 102 of 102 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 22:56 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T21:28:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T20:23:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T21:28:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T20:23:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T23:20:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T20:13:00Z", "ms": -1393904819919.1812 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T00:08:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T21:01:00Z", "ms": -1393901939919.1812 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T23:19:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T20:12:57Z", "ms": -1393818422678.5159 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T00:07:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T21:00:57Z", "ms": -1393815542678.5159 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 30 Oct to 20:22 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z → 1925-10-31T17:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:19–00:07 on the 30th, 23:19–00:07 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Rāsayātrā 1925 falls on Friday 30 October. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 30 Oct to 20:22 on Sat 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T21:28:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T20:23:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T21:28:42+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T20:23:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-30T11:19:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T08:12:43Z", "ms": -1393948037438.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-30T12:07:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-30T09:00:43Z", "ms": -1393945157438.9814 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T11:19:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T08:12:40Z", "ms": -1393861640428.6865 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T12:07:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-10-31T09:00:40Z", "ms": -1393858760428.6865 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 30 Oct to 20:22 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z → 1925-10-31T17:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 30th, 11:19–12:07 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Saturday 31 October. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 30 Oct to 20:22 on Sat 31 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-11-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-03T20:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z", "ms": -1393569341467.0728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-04T21:53:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-04T18:46:30Z", "ms": -1393478009982.9304 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-03T20:31:19+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z", "ms": -1393569341467.0728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-04T21:53:30+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-04T18:46:30Z", "ms": -1393478009982.9304 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-03T19:37:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-03T16:30:12Z", "ms": -1393572588071.2124 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-03T19:37:12+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-03T16:30:12Z", "ms": -1393572588071.2124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-04T20:23:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-04T17:16:48Z", "ms": -1393483391663.2427 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-04T20:23:48+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-04T17:16:48Z", "ms": -1393483391663.2427 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 3 Nov to 21:53 on Wed 4 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z → 1925-11-04T18:46:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 3rd and 20:23 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3247 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Wednesday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 3 Nov to 21:53 on Wed 4 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19837, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T11:43:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z", "ms": -1392909783060.467 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T12:49:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-12T09:42:16Z", "ms": -1392819464267.7073 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T11:43:57+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z", "ms": -1392909783060.467 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T12:49:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-12T09:42:16Z", "ms": -1392819464267.7073 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T06:13:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-11T03:06:20Z", "ms": -1392929620139.6455 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-11T06:13:20+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-11T03:06:20Z", "ms": -1392929620139.6455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-12T06:14:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-12T03:07:00Z", "ms": -1392843179864.8538 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T06:14:00+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-12T03:07:00Z", "ms": -1392843179864.8538 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:43 on Wed 11 Nov to 12:48 on Thu 12 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z → 1925-11-12T09:42:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 11th and 06:13 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19837 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 12 November. Ekādaśī runs from 11:43 on Wed 11 Nov to 12:48 on Thu 12 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14676, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T13:09:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z", "ms": -1392731864489.31 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T12:44:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T13:09:16+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z", "ms": -1392731864489.31 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T12:44:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T17:13:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-13T14:06:51Z", "ms": -1392717188546.611 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-13T18:58:03+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-13T15:51:03Z", "ms": -1392710936506.8167 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T17:13:28+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T14:06:28Z", "ms": -1392630811877.0024 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T18:57:49+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T15:50:49Z", "ms": -1392624551219.7837 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:08 on Fri 13 Nov to 12:44 on Sat 14 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z → 1925-11-14T09:37:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:13–18:57 on the 13th, 17:12–18:57 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 104 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14676 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 13 November. Trayodaśī runs from 13:08 on Fri 13 Nov to 12:44 on Sat 14 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-11-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38147, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T12:44:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T11:41:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-15T08:34:05Z", "ms": -1392564355384.1904 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T12:44:58+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T11:41:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-15T08:34:05Z", "ms": -1392564355384.1904 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T23:20:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T20:13:46Z", "ms": -1392608774412.432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T00:08:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-14T21:01:46Z", "ms": -1392605894412.432 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-15T23:20:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-15T20:13:55Z", "ms": -1392522364579.041 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-16T00:08:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-15T21:01:55Z", "ms": -1392519484579.041 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:44 on Sat 14 Nov to 11:40 on Sun 15 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z → 1925-11-15T08:34:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:20–00:08 on the 14th, 23:20–00:08 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38147 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 14 November. Caturdaśī runs from 12:44 on Sat 14 Nov to 11:40 on Sun 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-11-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T03:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z", "ms": -1392248769639.9214 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T00:53:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T03:20:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z", "ms": -1392248769639.9214 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T00:53:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T11:21:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T08:14:22Z", "ms": -1392219938187.892 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-19T12:09:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T09:02:22Z", "ms": -1392217058187.892 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T11:21:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T08:14:36Z", "ms": -1392133524328.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:09:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T09:02:36Z", "ms": -1392130644328.6448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:20 on Thu 19 Nov to 00:53 on Fri 20 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z → 1925-11-19T21:46:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 19th, 11:21–12:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 19 November. Caturthī runs from 03:20 on Thu 19 Nov to 00:53 on Fri 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-11-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37243, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T00:53:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T00:53:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T11:21:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T08:14:22Z", "ms": -1392219938187.892 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-19T12:09:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-19T09:02:22Z", "ms": -1392217058187.892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T11:21:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T08:14:36Z", "ms": -1392133524328.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:09:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T09:02:36Z", "ms": -1392130644328.6448 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 00:53 on Fri 20 Nov to 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z → 1925-11-20T19:23:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 19th, 11:21–12:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37243 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Riyadh, 1925: Friday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1925 falls on Friday 20 November. Pañcamī runs from 00:53 on Fri 20 Nov to 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29102, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T11:21:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T08:14:36Z", "ms": -1392133524328.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:09:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T09:02:36Z", "ms": -1392130644328.6448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T11:21:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T08:14:50Z", "ms": -1392047109667.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:09:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T09:02:50Z", "ms": -1392044229667.5613 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov to 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z → 1925-11-21T17:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 20th, 11:21–12:09 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29102 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Saturday 21 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov to 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29102, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T22:30:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T11:21:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T08:14:36Z", "ms": -1392133524328.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:09:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-20T09:02:36Z", "ms": -1392130644328.6448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T11:21:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T08:14:50Z", "ms": -1392047109667.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:09:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T09:02:50Z", "ms": -1392044229667.5613 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov to 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z → 1925-11-21T17:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 20th, 11:21–12:09 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29102 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Saturday 21 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:29 on Fri 20 Nov to 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T18:10:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-22T15:03:08Z", "ms": -1391936211993.9775 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T20:14:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T18:10:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-22T15:03:08Z", "ms": -1391936211993.9775 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T11:21:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T08:14:50Z", "ms": -1392047109667.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:09:50+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-21T09:02:50Z", "ms": -1392044229667.5613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T11:22:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-22T08:15:06Z", "ms": -1391960694216.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T12:10:06+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-22T09:03:06Z", "ms": -1391957814216.3809 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov to 18:09 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z → 1925-11-22T15:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 21st, 11:21–12:09 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mitra Saptamī 1925 falls on Sunday 22 November. Saptamī runs from 20:14 on Sat 21 Nov to 18:09 on Sun 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T13:15:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z", "ms": -1391694693842.44 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:08:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T13:15:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z", "ms": -1391694693842.44 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:08:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T06:23:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-25T03:16:08Z", "ms": -1391719432306.9841 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-25T06:23:08+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-25T03:16:08Z", "ms": -1391719432306.9841 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T06:23:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T03:16:51Z", "ms": -1391632989330.783 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T06:23:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T03:16:51Z", "ms": -1391632989330.783 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:14 on Wed 25 Nov to 12:07 on Thu 26 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z → 1925-11-26T09:01:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 25th and 06:23 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 26 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:14 on Wed 25 Nov to 12:07 on Thu 26 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:08:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T11:19:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:08:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T11:19:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T11:23:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T08:16:15Z", "ms": -1391615024740.866 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:11:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:04:15Z", "ms": -1391612144740.866 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T11:23:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:16:34Z", "ms": -1391528605512.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T12:11:34+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T09:04:34Z", "ms": -1391525725512.0854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:07 on Thu 26 Nov to 11:18 on Fri 27 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z → 1925-11-27T08:12:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 26th, 11:23–12:11 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 3 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 191 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 26 November. Dvādaśī runs from 12:07 on Thu 26 Nov to 11:18 on Fri 27 Nov and covers 3 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 11 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T11:19:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T10:52:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-28T07:45:27Z", "ms": -1391444073184.8462 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T11:19:24+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T10:52:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-28T07:45:27Z", "ms": -1391444073184.8462 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T17:10:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T14:03:35Z", "ms": -1391507784645.1138 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T18:56:33+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-27T15:49:33Z", "ms": -1391501427156.5427 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-28T17:10:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-28T14:03:32Z", "ms": -1391421387646.4004 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T18:56:36+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-28T15:49:36Z", "ms": -1391415024048.9597 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:18 on Fri 27 Nov to 10:51 on Sat 28 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z → 1925-11-28T07:45:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:10–18:56 on the 27th, 17:10–18:56 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 106 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 27 November. Trayodaśī runs from 11:18 on Fri 27 Nov to 10:51 on Sat 28 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21160, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T10:50:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z", "ms": -1391357774803.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T11:17:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-30T08:10:51Z", "ms": -1391269749287.44 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T10:50:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z", "ms": -1391357774803.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T11:17:51+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-30T08:10:51Z", "ms": -1391269749287.44 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T17:10:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-29T14:03:31Z", "ms": -1391334989151.9587 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-29T18:56:40+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-29T15:49:40Z", "ms": -1391328619660.1724 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-30T17:10:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-30T14:03:31Z", "ms": -1391248589160.244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T18:56:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-11-30T15:49:46Z", "ms": -1391242213992.994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:50 on Sun 29 Nov to 11:17 on Mon 30 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z → 1925-11-30T08:10:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:10–18:56 on the 29th, 17:10–18:56 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21160 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1925 falls on Sunday 29 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:50 on Sun 29 Nov to 11:17 on Mon 30 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-12-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T15:49:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z", "ms": -1390994272709.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T18:15:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-04T15:08:38Z", "ms": -1390899082073.1946 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T15:49:07+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z", "ms": -1390994272709.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T18:15:38+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-04T15:08:38Z", "ms": -1390899082073.1946 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T19:53:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-03T16:46:46Z", "ms": -1390979594456.5608 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-03T19:53:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-03T16:46:46Z", "ms": -1390979594456.5608 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-04T20:44:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-04T17:37:46Z", "ms": -1390890134217.555 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T20:44:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-04T17:37:46Z", "ms": -1390890134217.555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:48 on Thu 3 Dec to 18:15 on Fri 4 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z → 1925-12-04T15:08:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:53 on the 3rd and 20:44 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Thursday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 15:48 on Thu 3 Dec to 18:15 on Fri 4 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T06:14:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1390337563005.3337 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T06:00:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T02:53:46Z", "ms": -1390251974045.3564 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T06:14:17+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1390337563005.3337 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T06:00:46+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T02:53:46Z", "ms": -1390251974045.3564 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T06:34:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1390336365383.9397 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-11T06:34:15+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1390336365383.9397 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-12T06:34:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T03:27:53Z", "ms": -1390249926767.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T06:34:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T03:27:53Z", "ms": -1390249926767.1392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Fri 11 Dec to 06:00 on Sat 12 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z → 1925-12-12T02:53:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 11th and 06:34 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 11 December. Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Fri 11 Dec to 06:00 on Sat 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29733, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T04:59:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z", "ms": -1390169257937.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T03:15:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T04:59:22+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z", "ms": -1390169257937.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T03:15:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-12T17:12:26+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T14:05:26Z", "ms": -1390211674135.4187 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T18:59:31+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-12T15:52:31Z", "ms": -1390205249416.7852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T17:12:45+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T14:05:45Z", "ms": -1390125255305.5315 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-13T18:59:52+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T15:52:52Z", "ms": -1390118828113.149 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:58 on Sun 13 Dec to 03:14 on Mon 14 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z → 1925-12-14T00:08:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:11–18:59 on the 12th, 17:12–18:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 12th and 107 of 107 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29733 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 13 December. Trayodaśī runs from 04:58 on Sun 13 Dec to 03:14 on Mon 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-12-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T03:15:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T00:56:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T21:49:35Z", "ms": -1390011025205.9626 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T03:15:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T00:56:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T21:49:35Z", "ms": -1390011025205.9626 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T23:30:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T20:23:27Z", "ms": -1390102593334.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T00:18:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-13T21:11:27Z", "ms": -1390099713334.0972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T23:30:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T20:23:55Z", "ms": -1390016164903.0967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T00:18:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-14T21:11:55Z", "ms": -1390013284903.0967 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:14 on Mon 14 Dec to 00:56 on Tue 15 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z → 1925-12-14T21:49:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:29–00:17 on the 13th, 23:30–00:18 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Riyadh, 1925: Monday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Monday 14 December. Caturdaśī runs from 03:14 on Mon 14 Dec to 00:56 on Tue 15 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-12-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2061, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T12:54:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z", "ms": -1389708724807.894 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T09:57:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-19T06:50:18Z", "ms": -1389632981678.5662 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T12:54:55+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z", "ms": -1389708724807.894 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T09:57:18+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-19T06:50:18Z", "ms": -1389632981678.5662 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T11:32:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-18T08:25:35Z", "ms": -1389713665445.2612 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-18T12:20:35+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-18T09:13:35Z", "ms": -1389710785445.2612 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-19T11:33:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-19T08:26:04Z", "ms": -1389627235508.417 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T12:21:04+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-19T09:14:04Z", "ms": -1389624355508.417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Fri 18 Dec to 09:56 on Sat 19 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z → 1925-12-19T06:50:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 18th, 11:32–12:20 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 2061 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Riyadh, 1925: Saturday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 19 December. Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Fri 18 Dec to 09:56 on Sat 19 Dec, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23130, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T00:13:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z", "ms": -1389149608481.861 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T00:17:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-25T21:10:01Z", "ms": -1389062998663.1836 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T00:13:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z", "ms": -1389149608481.861 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T00:17:01+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-25T21:10:01Z", "ms": -1389062998663.1836 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T06:42:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-25T03:35:05Z", "ms": -1389126294845.0935 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-25T06:42:05+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-25T03:35:05Z", "ms": -1389126294845.0935 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-26T06:42:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T03:35:32Z", "ms": -1389039868438.8235 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T06:42:32+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T03:35:32Z", "ms": -1389039868438.8235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:13 on Fri 25 Dec to 00:16 on Sat 26 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z → 1925-12-25T21:10:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:41 on the 25th and 06:42 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23130 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Riyadh, 1925: Friday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 25 December. Ekādaśī runs from 00:13 on Fri 25 Dec to 00:16 on Sat 26 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "108410", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T00:49:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z", "ms": -1388974654693.8726 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-28T01:49:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-27T22:42:43Z", "ms": -1388884637391.325 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T00:49:25+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z", "ms": -1388974654693.8726 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-28T01:49:43+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-27T22:42:43Z", "ms": -1388884637391.325 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-26T17:18:39+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T14:11:39Z", "ms": -1389001700940.2563 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T19:05:53+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-26T15:58:53Z", "ms": -1388995266571.5437 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T17:19:14+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-27T14:12:14Z", "ms": -1388915266419.086 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-27T19:06:27+03:07", "utc": "1925-12-27T15:59:27Z", "ms": -1388908833440.4956 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:48 on Sun 27 Dec to 01:49 on Mon 28 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z → 1925-12-27T22:42:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:18–19:05 on the 26th, 17:18–19:05 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 26th and 107 of 107 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Riyadh, 1925: Sunday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Riyadh, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 00:48 on Sun 27 Dec to 01:49 on Mon 28 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/riyadh/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }