{ "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963", "place": { "id": "1174872", "slug": "karachi", "name": "Karachi", "region": "Sindh, Pakistan", "country": "PK", "lat": 24.8608, "lon": 67.0104, "elevation_m": 8, "tz": "Asia/Karachi" }, "year": 1963, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-01-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11267, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-05T12:34:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-05T07:34:42Z", "ms": -220551918202.79712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-06T10:25:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-06T05:25:54Z", "ms": -220473245701.04218 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-05T12:34:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-05T07:34:42Z", "ms": -220551918202.79712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-06T10:25:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-06T05:25:54Z", "ms": -220473245701.04218 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-05T07:17:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-05T02:17:55Z", "ms": -220570925129.06723 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-05T07:17:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-05T02:17:55Z", "ms": -220570925129.06723 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-06T07:18:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-06T02:18:07Z", "ms": -220484512658.85706 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-06T07:18:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-06T02:18:07Z", "ms": -220484512658.85706 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:35 on Sat 5 Jan to 10:26 on Sun 6 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-05T07:34:42Z → 1963-01-06T05:25:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 5th and 07:18 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11267 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 6 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 6 January. Ekādaśī runs from 12:35 on Sat 5 Jan to 10:26 on Sun 6 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-01-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-01-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-07T08:25:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-07T03:25:10Z", "ms": -220394089669.4662 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-08T06:38:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-08T01:38:01Z", "ms": -220314118874.0296 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-07T08:25:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-07T03:25:10Z", "ms": -220394089669.4662 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-08T06:38:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-08T01:38:01Z", "ms": -220314118874.0296 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-07T17:57:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-07T12:57:47Z", "ms": -220359733360.3774 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-07T19:44:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-07T14:44:32Z", "ms": -220353327839.43454 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-08T17:58:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-08T12:58:29Z", "ms": -220273290864.81754 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-08T19:45:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-08T14:45:10Z", "ms": -220266889914.436 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:25 on Mon 7 Jan to 06:38 on Tue 8 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-07T03:25:10Z → 1963-01-08T01:38:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:58–19:45 on the 7th, 17:58–19:45 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 107 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 7 January. Trayodaśī runs from 08:25 on Mon 7 Jan to 06:38 on Tue 8 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25919, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-12T23:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T18:48:22Z", "ms": -217228297558.52316 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T18:02:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T13:02:07Z", "ms": -219841073070.40472 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-15T18:03:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-15T13:03:36Z", "ms": -219668184112.35782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25919 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhogi 1963 falls on Sunday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-01-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28527, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T04:21:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-12T23:21:46Z", "ms": -219890293834.51978 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T05:40:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T00:40:04Z", "ms": -219799196247.66696 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T04:21:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-12T23:21:46Z", "ms": -219890293834.51978 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T05:40:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T00:40:04Z", "ms": -219799196247.66696 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-12T20:26:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-12T15:26:19Z", "ms": -219918821195.83017 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-12T20:26:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-12T15:26:19Z", "ms": -219918821195.83017 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T21:20:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T16:20:42Z", "ms": -219829157933.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-13T21:20:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T16:20:42Z", "ms": -219829157933.1868 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:22 on Sun 13 Jan to 05:40 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-12T23:21:46Z → 1963-01-14T00:40:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:26 on the 12th and 21:21 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28527 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Sunday 13 January. Caturthī runs from 04:22 on Sun 13 Jan to 05:40 on Mon 14 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25919, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-12T23:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T18:48:22Z", "ms": -217228297558.52316 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T18:02:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T13:02:07Z", "ms": -219841073070.40472 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-15T18:03:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-15T13:03:36Z", "ms": -219668184112.35782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25919 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Karachi, 1963: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pongal 1963 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39052, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-12T23:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T18:48:22Z", "ms": -217228297558.52316 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-12T19:00:00Z", "ms": -219906000000 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": -219819600000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": -219819600000 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-15T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T19:00:00Z", "ms": -219733200000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Karachi.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Karachi" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 39052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Karachi, 1963: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Makara Saṅkrānti 1963 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25919, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-12T23:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T18:48:22Z", "ms": -217228297558.52316 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T10:50:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z", "ms": -219780547537.6592 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-13T18:02:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-13T13:02:07Z", "ms": -219841073070.40472 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-14T18:02:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-14T13:02:51Z", "ms": -219754628688.67377 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-15T18:03:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-15T13:03:36Z", "ms": -219668184112.35782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1963-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-14T05:50:52Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25919 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1963-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1963-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mattu Pongal 1963 falls on Tuesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-01-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-20T18:55:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-20T13:55:46Z", "ms": -219233053798.39212 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-21T20:11:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-21T15:11:41Z", "ms": -219142098601.7816 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-20T18:55:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-20T13:55:46Z", "ms": -219233053798.39212 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-21T20:11:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-21T15:11:41Z", "ms": -219142098601.7816 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-21T07:18:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-21T02:18:22Z", "ms": -219188498003.3942 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-21T07:18:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-21T02:18:22Z", "ms": -219188498003.3942 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-22T07:18:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T02:18:11Z", "ms": -219102108624.24454 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-22T07:18:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T02:18:11Z", "ms": -219102108624.24454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:56 on Sun 20 Jan to 20:12 on Mon 21 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-20T13:55:46Z → 1963-01-21T15:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 21st and 07:18 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Monday 21 January. Ekādaśī runs from 18:56 on Sun 20 Jan to 20:12 on Mon 21 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-01-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-22T20:47:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T15:47:48Z", "ms": -219053532463.14526 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-22T20:47:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T15:47:48Z", "ms": -219053532463.14526 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-22T18:08:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T13:08:51Z", "ms": -219063069463.25928 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-22T19:54:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-22T14:54:04Z", "ms": -219056756292.9271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-23T18:09:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T13:09:35Z", "ms": -218976624536.92023 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-23T19:54:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T14:54:41Z", "ms": -218970319156.4319 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:48 on Tue 22 Jan to 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-22T15:47:48Z → 1963-01-23T15:43:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:09–19:54 on the 22nd, 18:10–19:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 22nd and 105 of 105 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 23 January. Trayodaśī runs from 20:48 on Tue 22 Jan to 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-01-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13000, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T19:59:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T14:59:31Z", "ms": -218883629073.49225 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T19:59:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T14:59:31Z", "ms": -218883629073.49225 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-24T00:19:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T19:19:41Z", "ms": -218954419360.089 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T01:07:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T20:07:41Z", "ms": -218951539360.089 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-25T00:19:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T19:19:56Z", "ms": -218868004412.78314 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-25T01:07:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T20:07:56Z", "ms": -218865124412.78314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan to 20:00 on Thu 24 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z → 1963-01-24T14:59:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 23rd, 00:20–01:08 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13000 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Wednesday 23 January. Caturdaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan to 20:00 on Thu 24 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31780, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T19:59:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T14:59:31Z", "ms": -218883629073.49225 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-23T20:43:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z", "ms": -218967419637.04712 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T19:59:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T14:59:31Z", "ms": -218883629073.49225 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-24T05:32:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T00:32:40Z", "ms": -218935639563.74606 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-24T07:17:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-24T02:17:46Z", "ms": -218929334183.25772 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-25T05:32:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-25T00:32:33Z", "ms": -218849246525.26837 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-25T07:17:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-25T02:17:31Z", "ms": -218842949111.62665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan to 20:00 on Thu 24 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-23T15:43:00Z → 1963-01-24T14:59:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:33–07:18 on the 24th, 05:33–07:18 on the 25th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 105 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31780 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Tarpaṇa 1963 falls on Thursday 24 January. Caturdaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 23 Jan to 20:00 on Thu 24 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T12:28:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z", "ms": -218565091342.54956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T12:28:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z", "ms": -218565091342.54956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T12:20:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T07:20:58Z", "ms": -218565542252.7111 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-28T13:08:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T08:08:58Z", "ms": -218562662252.7111 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T12:21:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T07:21:09Z", "ms": -218479130624.27798 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T13:09:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T08:09:09Z", "ms": -218476250624.27798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Mon 28 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z → 1963-01-29T05:00:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 28th, 12:21–13:09 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 40 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1963 falls on Monday 28 January. Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Mon 28 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan and covers 40 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T12:28:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z", "ms": -218565091342.54956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T12:28:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z", "ms": -218565091342.54956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-28T18:13:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T13:13:18Z", "ms": -218544402081.59296 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-28T19:57:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-28T14:57:42Z", "ms": -218538138205.8029 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T18:14:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T13:14:02Z", "ms": -218457958235.38855 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T19:58:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T14:58:17Z", "ms": -218451703136.84525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Mon 28 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-28T07:28:29Z → 1963-01-29T05:00:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:58 on the 28th, 18:14–19:58 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 104 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Tila Caturthī 1963 falls on Monday 28 January. Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Mon 28 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T07:31:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T02:31:27Z", "ms": -218410112730.9369 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T07:31:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T02:31:27Z", "ms": -218410112730.9369 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T12:21:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T07:21:09Z", "ms": -218479130624.27798 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T13:09:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T08:09:09Z", "ms": -218476250624.27798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-30T12:21:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T07:21:20Z", "ms": -218392719831.4906 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T13:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T08:09:20Z", "ms": -218389839831.4906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan to 07:31 on Wed 30 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z → 1963-01-30T02:31:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 29th, 12:21–13:09 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Pañcamī 1963 falls on Tuesday 29 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan to 07:31 on Wed 30 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T07:31:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T02:31:27Z", "ms": -218410112730.9369 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T10:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z", "ms": -218487576768.20053 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T07:31:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T02:31:27Z", "ms": -218410112730.9369 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-29T12:21:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T07:21:09Z", "ms": -218479130624.27798 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-29T13:09:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-29T08:09:09Z", "ms": -218476250624.27798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-30T12:21:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T07:21:20Z", "ms": -218392719831.4906 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-30T13:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-30T08:09:20Z", "ms": -218389839831.4906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan to 07:31 on Wed 30 Jan.", "fact": "1963-01-29T05:00:23Z → 1963-01-30T02:31:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 29th, 12:21–13:09 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasanta Pañcamī 1963 falls on Tuesday 29 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:00 on Tue 29 Jan to 07:31 on Wed 30 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-01-31T05:07:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T00:07:16Z", "ms": -218332364255.61514 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-01T02:52:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T21:52:30Z", "ms": -218254050253.0194 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-01-31T05:07:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T00:07:16Z", "ms": -218332364255.61514 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-01T02:52:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T21:52:30Z", "ms": -218254050253.0194 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-01-31T05:31:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T00:31:25Z", "ms": -218330914535.09628 }, "end": { "local": "1963-01-31T07:15:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-01-31T02:15:32Z", "ms": -218324668361.00842 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-01T05:31:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-01T00:31:10Z", "ms": -218244530200.10983 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-01T07:15:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-01T02:15:07Z", "ms": -218238293092.75174 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:07 on Thu 31 Jan to 02:52 on Fri 1 Feb.", "fact": "1963-01-31T00:07:16Z → 1963-01-31T21:52:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:31–07:16 on the 31st, 05:31–07:15 on the 1st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 104 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ratha Saptamī 1963 falls on Thursday 31 January. Saptamī runs from 05:07 on Thu 31 Jan to 02:52 on Fri 1 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-02-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34542, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-03T21:38:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-03T16:38:03Z", "ms": -218013717201.6004 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-04T20:30:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T15:30:41Z", "ms": -217931359057.50076 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-03T21:38:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-03T16:38:03Z", "ms": -218013717201.6004 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-04T20:30:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T15:30:41Z", "ms": -217931359057.50076 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-04T07:13:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T02:13:45Z", "ms": -217979175313.72247 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-04T07:13:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T02:13:45Z", "ms": -217979175313.72247 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-05T07:13:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T02:13:15Z", "ms": -217892805328.23062 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-05T07:13:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T02:13:15Z", "ms": -217892805328.23062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:38 on Sun 3 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 4 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-03T16:38:03Z → 1963-02-04T15:30:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 4th and 07:13 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34542 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jayā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Monday 4 February. Ekādaśī runs from 21:38 on Sun 3 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-02-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23680, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-04T20:30:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T15:30:41Z", "ms": -217931359057.50076 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-05T19:44:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T14:44:48Z", "ms": -217847712458.4717 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-04T20:30:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T15:30:41Z", "ms": -217931359057.50076 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-05T19:44:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T14:44:48Z", "ms": -217847712458.4717 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-04T12:22:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T07:22:01Z", "ms": -217960678501.7682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-04T13:10:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-04T08:10:01Z", "ms": -217957798501.7682 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-05T12:22:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T07:22:07Z", "ms": -217874272752.2201 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-05T13:10:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T08:10:07Z", "ms": -217871392752.2201 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:31 on Mon 4 Feb to 19:45 on Tue 5 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-04T15:30:41Z → 1963-02-05T14:44:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 4th, 12:22–13:10 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23680 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1963 falls on Tuesday 5 February. Dvādaśī runs from 20:31 on Mon 4 Feb to 19:45 on Tue 5 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-02-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-05T19:44:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T14:44:48Z", "ms": -217847712458.4717 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-06T19:21:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-06T14:21:55Z", "ms": -217762685219.2952 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-05T19:44:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T14:44:48Z", "ms": -217847712458.4717 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-06T19:21:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-06T14:21:55Z", "ms": -217762685219.2952 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-05T18:19:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T13:19:00Z", "ms": -217852860176.20953 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-05T20:02:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-05T15:02:10Z", "ms": -217846670367.2721 } }, "covered_min": 17, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-06T18:19:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-06T13:19:41Z", "ms": -217766419049.3273 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-06T20:02:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-06T15:02:41Z", "ms": -217760239060.44263 } }, "covered_min": 62, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:45 on Tue 5 Feb to 19:22 on Wed 6 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-05T14:44:48Z → 1963-02-06T14:21:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–20:02 on the 5th, 18:20–20:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 17 of 103 minutes on the 5th and 62 of 103 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 6 February. Trayodaśī runs from 19:45 on Tue 5 Feb to 19:22 on Wed 6 Feb and covers 62 of 103 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 17 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22404, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-02-07T19:23:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-07T14:23:40Z", "ms": -217676179979.53055 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-08T19:51:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-08T14:51:39Z", "ms": -217588101459.28638 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-07T19:23:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-07T14:23:40Z", "ms": -217676179979.53055 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-08T19:51:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-08T14:51:39Z", "ms": -217588101459.28638 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-07T12:22:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-07T07:22:16Z", "ms": -217701463724.67468 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-07T13:10:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-07T08:10:16Z", "ms": -217698583724.67468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-08T12:22:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-08T07:22:20Z", "ms": -217615060429.23956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-08T13:10:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-08T08:10:20Z", "ms": -217612180429.23956 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:24 on Thu 7 Feb to 19:52 on Fri 8 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-07T14:23:40Z → 1963-02-08T14:51:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 7th, 12:22–13:10 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22404 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1963: Friday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1963 falls on Friday 8 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:24 on Thu 7 Feb to 19:52 on Fri 8 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-02-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11051, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-11T23:59:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-11T18:59:16Z", "ms": -217314043679.28677 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-13T02:10:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T21:10:37Z", "ms": -217219762560.2432 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-11T23:59:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-11T18:59:16Z", "ms": -217314043679.28677 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-13T02:10:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T21:10:37Z", "ms": -217219762560.2432 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-11T20:55:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-11T15:55:05Z", "ms": -217325095069.16867 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-11T20:55:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-11T15:55:05Z", "ms": -217325095069.16867 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-12T21:45:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T16:45:43Z", "ms": -217235657157.98798 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-12T21:45:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-12T16:45:43Z", "ms": -217235657157.98798 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:59 on Mon 11 Feb to 02:11 on Wed 13 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-11T18:59:16Z → 1963-02-12T21:10:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 11th and 21:46 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Tuesday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 23:59 on Mon 11 Feb to 02:11 on Wed 13 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-02-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-02-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24913, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-19T13:59:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-19T08:59:26Z", "ms": -216658834156.6387 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-20T14:03:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-20T09:03:20Z", "ms": -216572200259.16727 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-19T13:59:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-19T08:59:26Z", "ms": -216658834156.6387 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-20T14:03:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-20T09:03:20Z", "ms": -216572200259.16727 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-19T07:04:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-19T02:04:13Z", "ms": -216683747187.50497 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-19T07:04:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-19T02:04:13Z", "ms": -216683747187.50497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-20T07:03:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-20T02:03:26Z", "ms": -216597393569.82452 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-20T07:03:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-20T02:03:26Z", "ms": -216597393569.82452 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:59 on Tue 19 Feb to 14:03 on Wed 20 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-19T08:59:26Z → 1963-02-20T09:03:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:04 on the 19th and 07:03 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24913 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Wednesday 20 February. Ekādaśī runs from 13:59 on Tue 19 Feb to 14:03 on Wed 20 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-02-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-21T13:19:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T08:19:42Z", "ms": -216488417731.35956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-22T11:51:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T06:51:21Z", "ms": -216407318953.18625 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-21T13:19:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T08:19:42Z", "ms": -216488417731.35956 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-22T11:51:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T06:51:21Z", "ms": -216407318953.18625 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-21T18:29:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T13:29:09Z", "ms": -216469851335.28925 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-21T20:09:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T15:09:30Z", "ms": -216463829688.02158 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-22T18:29:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T13:29:43Z", "ms": -216383416831.18176 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-22T20:09:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T15:09:54Z", "ms": -216377406315.36063 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:20 on Thu 21 Feb to 11:51 on Fri 22 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-21T08:19:42Z → 1963-02-22T06:51:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:10 on the 21st, 18:30–20:10 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 100 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 21 February. Trayodaśī runs from 13:20 on Thu 21 Feb to 11:51 on Fri 22 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-22T11:51:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T06:51:21Z", "ms": -216407318953.18625 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-23T09:44:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-23T04:44:03Z", "ms": -216328557484.84363 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-22T11:51:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T06:51:21Z", "ms": -216407318953.18625 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-23T09:44:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-23T04:44:03Z", "ms": -216328557484.84363 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-22T00:21:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T19:21:30Z", "ms": -216448710158.03552 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-22T01:09:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-21T20:09:30Z", "ms": -216445830158.03552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-23T00:21:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T19:21:23Z", "ms": -216362317396.85254 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-23T01:09:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-22T20:09:23Z", "ms": -216359437396.85254 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:51 on Fri 22 Feb to 09:44 on Sat 23 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-22T06:51:21Z → 1963-02-23T04:44:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:21–01:09 on the 21st, 00:21–01:09 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 30880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Friday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāśivarātri 1963 falls on Friday 22 February. Caturdaśī runs from 11:51 on Fri 22 Feb to 09:44 on Sat 23 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-02-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-02-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19255, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-02-26T21:37:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-26T16:37:53Z", "ms": -216026526891.72177 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-27T18:29:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-27T13:29:58Z", "ms": -215951401503.4989 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-02-26T21:37:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-26T16:37:53Z", "ms": -216026526891.72177 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-27T18:29:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-27T13:29:58Z", "ms": -215951401503.4989 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-26T12:21:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-26T07:21:14Z", "ms": -216059926379.85782 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-26T13:09:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-26T08:09:14Z", "ms": -216057046379.85782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-02-27T12:21:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-27T07:21:04Z", "ms": -215973536242.81903 }, "end": { "local": "1963-02-27T13:09:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-02-27T08:09:04Z", "ms": -215970656242.81903 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:38 on Tue 26 Feb to 18:30 on Wed 27 Feb.", "fact": "1963-02-26T16:37:53Z → 1963-02-27T13:29:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 26th, 12:21–13:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19255 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 27 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 27 February. Caturthī runs from 21:38 on Tue 26 Feb to 18:30 on Wed 27 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-02-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-03-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-05T08:13:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-05T03:13:46Z", "ms": -215469973639.82892 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-06T08:19:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-06T03:19:07Z", "ms": -215383252823.21802 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-05T08:13:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-05T03:13:46Z", "ms": -215469973639.82892 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-06T08:19:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-06T03:19:07Z", "ms": -215383252823.21802 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-05T06:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-05T01:52:11Z", "ms": -215474869107.59296 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-05T06:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-05T01:52:11Z", "ms": -215474869107.59296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-06T06:51:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-06T01:51:14Z", "ms": -215388525796.19046 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-06T06:51:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-06T01:51:14Z", "ms": -215388525796.19046 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:14 on Tue 5 Mar to 08:19 on Wed 6 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-05T03:13:46Z → 1963-03-06T03:19:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 5th and 06:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Wednesday 6 March. Ekādaśī runs from 08:14 on Tue 5 Mar to 08:19 on Wed 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-03-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31656, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-07T08:51:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-07T03:51:59Z", "ms": -215294881227.85995 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-08T09:49:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-08T04:49:28Z", "ms": -215205032163.821 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-07T08:51:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-07T03:51:59Z", "ms": -215294881227.85995 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-08T09:49:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-08T04:49:28Z", "ms": -215205032163.821 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-07T18:36:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-07T13:36:34Z", "ms": -215259805616.22318 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-07T20:14:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-07T15:14:16Z", "ms": -215253943634.3069 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-08T18:37:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-08T13:37:03Z", "ms": -215173376611.61157 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-08T20:14:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-08T15:14:34Z", "ms": -215167526257.9552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:52 on Thu 7 Mar to 09:49 on Fri 8 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-07T03:51:59Z → 1963-03-08T04:49:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:14 on the 7th, 18:37–20:15 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 98 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31656 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 7 March. Trayodaśī runs from 08:52 on Thu 7 Mar to 09:49 on Fri 8 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T11:09:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z", "ms": -215113858280.25327 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T11:09:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z", "ms": -215113858280.25327 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T16:15:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T11:15:42Z", "ms": -215095458127.76666 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-09T18:37:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T13:37:32Z", "ms": -215086947919.91116 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-10T16:15:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T11:15:53Z", "ms": -215009047142.49472 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T18:38:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T13:38:00Z", "ms": -215000519524.98892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:09 on Sat 9 Mar to 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z → 1963-03-10T07:48:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:16–18:38 on the 9th, 16:16–18:38 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12439 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holikā Dahana 1963 falls on Saturday 9 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:09 on Sat 9 Mar to 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T11:09:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z", "ms": -215113858280.25327 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T11:09:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z", "ms": -215113858280.25327 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-09T16:15:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T11:15:42Z", "ms": -215095458127.76666 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-09T18:37:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-09T13:37:32Z", "ms": -215086947919.91116 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-10T16:15:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T11:15:53Z", "ms": -215009047142.49472 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T18:38:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T13:38:00Z", "ms": -215000519524.98892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1963-03-09", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:09 on Sat 9 Mar to 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-09T06:09:02Z → 1963-03-10T07:48:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:16–18:38 on the 9th, 16:16–18:38 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12439 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Saturday 9 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holī 1963 falls on Sunday 10 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Saturday 9 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:09 on Sat 9 Mar to 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 9th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21672, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-11T14:46:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-11T09:46:06Z", "ms": -214928034057.31876 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": -215021485970.86963 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-11T14:46:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-11T09:46:06Z", "ms": -214928034057.31876 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-10T06:47:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T01:47:22Z", "ms": -215043157612.5179 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-10T06:47:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-10T01:47:22Z", "ms": -215043157612.5179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-11T06:46:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-11T01:46:23Z", "ms": -214956816681.81204 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-11T06:46:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-11T01:46:23Z", "ms": -214956816681.81204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar to 14:46 on Mon 11 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-10T07:48:34Z → 1963-03-11T09:46:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:47 on the 10th and 06:46 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21672 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Karachi, 1963: Monday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasantotsava 1963 falls on Monday 11 March. Pratipadā runs from 12:49 on Sun 10 Mar to 14:46 on Mon 11 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-03-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 935, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-13T19:23:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-13T14:23:47Z", "ms": -214738573457.82602 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-14T21:54:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-14T16:54:07Z", "ms": -214643152800.74896 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-13T19:23:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-13T14:23:47Z", "ms": -214738573457.82602 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-14T21:54:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-14T16:54:07Z", "ms": -214643152800.74896 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-13T21:19:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-13T16:19:20Z", "ms": -214731639589.4656 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-13T21:19:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-13T16:19:20Z", "ms": -214731639589.4656 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-14T22:09:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-14T17:09:43Z", "ms": -214642217325.0527 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-14T22:09:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-14T17:09:43Z", "ms": -214642217325.0527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:24 on Wed 13 Mar to 21:54 on Thu 14 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-13T14:23:47Z → 1963-03-14T16:54:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:19 on the 13th and 22:10 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 935 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 13 March. Caturthī runs from 19:24 on Wed 13 Mar to 21:54 on Thu 14 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-18T04:25:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-17T23:25:39Z", "ms": -214360461209.93906 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-19T05:39:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-19T00:39:16Z", "ms": -214269643880.51398 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-18T04:25:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-17T23:25:39Z", "ms": -214360461209.93906 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-19T05:39:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-19T00:39:16Z", "ms": -214269643880.51398 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-18T12:16:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-18T07:16:30Z", "ms": -214332210213.43884 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-18T13:04:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-18T08:04:30Z", "ms": -214329330213.43884 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-19T12:16:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-19T07:16:12Z", "ms": -214245827659.92212 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-19T13:04:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-19T08:04:12Z", "ms": -214242947659.92212 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:26 on Mon 18 Mar to 05:39 on Tue 19 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-17T23:25:39Z → 1963-03-19T00:39:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 18th, 12:16–13:04 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalāṣṭamī 1963 falls on Monday 18 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:26 on Mon 18 Mar to 05:39 on Tue 19 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-03-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2919, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-21T05:47:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T00:47:37Z", "ms": -214096342628.6061 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-22T04:36:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T23:36:20Z", "ms": -214014219692.1195 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-21T05:47:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T00:47:37Z", "ms": -214096342628.6061 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-22T04:36:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T23:36:20Z", "ms": -214014219692.1195 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-21T06:36:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T01:36:16Z", "ms": -214093423816.55045 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-21T06:36:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-21T01:36:16Z", "ms": -214093423816.55045 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-22T06:35:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T01:35:14Z", "ms": -214007085554.32385 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-22T06:35:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T01:35:14Z", "ms": -214007085554.32385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:48 on Thu 21 Mar to 04:36 on Fri 22 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-21T00:47:37Z → 1963-03-21T23:36:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 21st and 06:35 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2919 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Thursday 21 March. Ekādaśī runs from 05:48 on Thu 21 Mar to 04:36 on Fri 22 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-03-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-23T02:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T21:37:28Z", "ms": -213934951692.44376 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-23T23:57:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T18:57:20Z", "ms": -213858160055.6756 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-23T02:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T21:37:28Z", "ms": -213934951692.44376 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-23T23:57:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T18:57:20Z", "ms": -213858160055.6756 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-22T18:43:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T13:43:24Z", "ms": -213963396075.58823 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-22T20:18:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-22T15:18:10Z", "ms": -213957709581.7602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-23T18:43:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T13:43:50Z", "ms": -213876970112.3952 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-23T20:18:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T15:18:25Z", "ms": -213871295330.08194 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:37 on Sat 23 Mar to 23:57 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-22T21:37:28Z → 1963-03-23T18:57:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:18 on the 22nd, 18:44–20:18 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 22nd and 95 of 95 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Saturday 23 March. Trayodaśī runs from 02:37 on Sat 23 Mar to 23:57 on Sat 23 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-03-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-23T23:57:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T18:57:20Z", "ms": -213858160055.6756 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-24T20:44:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-24T15:44:38Z", "ms": -213783322150.45624 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-23T23:57:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T18:57:20Z", "ms": -213858160055.6756 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-24T20:44:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-24T15:44:38Z", "ms": -213783322150.45624 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-24T00:14:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T19:14:30Z", "ms": -213857129678.72052 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-24T01:02:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-23T20:02:30Z", "ms": -213854249678.72052 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-25T00:14:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-24T19:14:12Z", "ms": -213770747697.5094 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-25T01:02:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-24T20:02:12Z", "ms": -213767867697.5094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:57 on Sat 23 Mar to 20:45 on Sun 24 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-23T18:57:20Z → 1963-03-24T15:44:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:15–01:03 on the 23rd, 00:14–01:02 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Saturday 23 March. Caturdaśī runs from 23:57 on Sat 23 Mar to 20:45 on Sun 24 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-25T17:09:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-25T12:09:38Z", "ms": -213709821834.232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-26T13:23:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-26T08:23:28Z", "ms": -213636992341.05646 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-25T17:09:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-25T12:09:38Z", "ms": -213709821834.232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-26T13:23:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-26T08:23:28Z", "ms": -213636992341.05646 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-25T12:14:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-25T07:14:25Z", "ms": -213727534806.76093 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-25T13:02:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-25T08:02:25Z", "ms": -213724654806.76093 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-26T12:14:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-26T07:14:07Z", "ms": -213641152913.08447 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-26T13:02:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-26T08:02:07Z", "ms": -213638272913.08447 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 17:10 on Mon 25 Mar to 13:23 on Tue 26 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-25T12:09:38Z → 1963-03-26T08:23:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 25th, 12:14–13:02 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1963 falls on Tuesday 26 March. Pratipadā runs from 17:10 on Mon 25 Mar to 13:23 on Tue 26 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9381, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T09:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z", "ms": -213564151590.10245 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T09:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z", "ms": -213564151590.10245 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T12:13:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T07:13:49Z", "ms": -213554771048.7633 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-27T13:01:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T08:01:49Z", "ms": -213551891048.7633 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-28T12:13:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T07:13:31Z", "ms": -213468389198.64856 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T13:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T08:01:31Z", "ms": -213465509198.64856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:37 on Wed 27 Mar to 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z → 1963-03-28T01:02:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 27th, 12:14–13:02 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9381 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1963 falls on Wednesday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:37 on Wed 27 Mar to 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9381, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T09:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z", "ms": -213564151590.10245 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T09:37:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z", "ms": -213564151590.10245 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-27T12:13:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T07:13:49Z", "ms": -213554771048.7633 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-27T13:01:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-27T08:01:49Z", "ms": -213551891048.7633 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-28T12:13:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T07:13:31Z", "ms": -213468389198.64856 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T13:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T08:01:31Z", "ms": -213465509198.64856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:37 on Wed 27 Mar to 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-27T04:37:28Z → 1963-03-28T01:02:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 27th, 12:14–13:02 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9381 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:37 on Wed 27 Mar to 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-03-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22244, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-29T02:49:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T21:49:42Z", "ms": -213415817626.1196 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-28T06:02:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z", "ms": -213490633232.77277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-29T02:49:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T21:49:42Z", "ms": -213415817626.1196 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-28T12:13:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T07:13:31Z", "ms": -213468389198.64856 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-28T13:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T08:01:31Z", "ms": -213465509198.64856 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-29T12:13:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T07:13:13Z", "ms": -213382007346.89233 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-29T13:01:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T08:01:13Z", "ms": -213379127346.89233 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar to 02:50 on Fri 29 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-28T01:02:47Z → 1963-03-28T21:49:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22244 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Thursday 28 March. Caturthī runs from 06:03 on Thu 28 Mar to 02:50 on Fri 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33810, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-29T02:49:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T21:49:42Z", "ms": -213415817626.1196 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-30T00:07:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T19:07:14Z", "ms": -213339165815.3554 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-29T02:49:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-28T21:49:42Z", "ms": -213415817626.1196 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-30T00:07:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T19:07:14Z", "ms": -213339165815.3554 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-29T12:13:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T07:13:13Z", "ms": -213382007346.89233 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-29T13:01:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-29T08:01:13Z", "ms": -213379127346.89233 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-30T12:12:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-30T07:12:55Z", "ms": -213295625476.6416 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-30T13:00:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-30T08:00:55Z", "ms": -213292745476.6416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:50 on Fri 29 Mar to 00:07 on Sat 30 Mar.", "fact": "1963-03-28T21:49:42Z → 1963-03-29T19:07:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 29th, 12:13–13:01 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33810 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1963 falls on Friday 29 March. Pañcamī runs from 02:50 on Fri 29 Mar to 00:07 on Sat 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25204, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-03-31T20:39:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-31T15:39:37Z", "ms": -213178822983.05185 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-01T20:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T15:00:23Z", "ms": -213094777174.76443 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-03-31T20:39:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-31T15:39:37Z", "ms": -213178822983.05185 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-01T20:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T15:00:23Z", "ms": -213094777174.76443 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-03-31T12:12:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-31T07:12:36Z", "ms": -213209243569.94373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-03-31T13:00:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-03-31T08:00:36Z", "ms": -213206363569.94373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-01T12:12:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T07:12:18Z", "ms": -213122861607.82782 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-01T13:00:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T08:00:18Z", "ms": -213119981607.82782 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 20:40 on Sun 31 Mar to 20:00 on Mon 1 Apr.", "fact": "1963-03-31T15:39:37Z → 1963-04-01T15:00:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 31st, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25204 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Karachi, 1963: Monday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhavānī Utpatti 1963 falls on Monday 1 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 20:40 on Sun 31 Mar to 20:00 on Mon 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25204, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-01T20:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T15:00:23Z", "ms": -213094777174.76443 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-02T20:03:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-02T15:03:04Z", "ms": -213008215734.6366 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-01T20:00:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T15:00:23Z", "ms": -213094777174.76443 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-02T20:03:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-02T15:03:04Z", "ms": -213008215734.6366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-01T12:12:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T07:12:18Z", "ms": -213122861607.82782 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-01T13:00:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-01T08:00:18Z", "ms": -213119981607.82782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-02T12:12:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-02T07:12:00Z", "ms": -213036479570.49237 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-02T13:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-02T08:00:00Z", "ms": -213033599570.49237 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 20:00 on Mon 1 Apr to 20:03 on Tue 2 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-01T15:00:23Z → 1963-04-02T15:03:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 1st, 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25204 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāma Navamī 1963 falls on Tuesday 2 April. Navamī runs from 20:00 on Mon 1 Apr to 20:03 on Tue 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-04-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-03T20:43:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-03T15:43:26Z", "ms": -212919393776.95474 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-04T21:55:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-04T16:55:28Z", "ms": -212828671641.51132 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-03T20:43:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-03T15:43:26Z", "ms": -212919393776.95474 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-04T21:55:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-04T16:55:28Z", "ms": -212828671641.51132 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-04T06:21:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-04T01:21:53Z", "ms": -212884686902.84894 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-04T06:21:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-04T01:21:53Z", "ms": -212884686902.84894 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T06:20:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T01:20:52Z", "ms": -212798347590.01147 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-05T06:20:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T01:20:52Z", "ms": -212798347590.01147 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 3 Apr to 21:55 on Thu 4 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-03T15:43:26Z → 1963-04-04T16:55:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 4th and 06:21 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Thursday 4 April. Ekādaśī runs from 20:43 on Wed 3 Apr to 21:55 on Thu 4 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-04-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38006, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T23:32:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z", "ms": -212736447140.72552 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T23:32:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z", "ms": -212736447140.72552 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T12:11:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T07:11:07Z", "ms": -212777332801.0766 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-05T12:59:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T07:59:07Z", "ms": -212774452801.0766 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-06T12:10:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T07:10:50Z", "ms": -212690950255.31934 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-06T12:58:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T07:58:50Z", "ms": -212688070255.31934 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Fri 5 Apr to 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z → 1963-04-06T20:28:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 5th, 12:11–12:59 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38006 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1963 falls on Saturday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Fri 5 Apr to 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-04-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T23:32:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z", "ms": -212736447140.72552 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T23:32:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z", "ms": -212736447140.72552 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-05T18:49:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T13:49:22Z", "ms": -212753438012.14172 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-05T20:21:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-05T15:21:26Z", "ms": -212747914011.36734 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-06T18:49:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T13:49:47Z", "ms": -212667012504.3049 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-06T20:21:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T15:21:40Z", "ms": -212661499920.22415 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Fri 5 Apr to 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-05T18:32:33Z → 1963-04-06T20:28:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:21 on the 5th, 18:50–20:22 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 5th and 92 of 92 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Saturday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Fri 5 Apr to 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-08T03:37:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T22:37:52Z", "ms": -212548927536.6803 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-07T01:28:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z", "ms": -212643094356.7477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-08T03:37:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T22:37:52Z", "ms": -212548927536.6803 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-07T12:10:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T07:10:32Z", "ms": -212604567529.60675 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-07T12:58:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T07:58:32Z", "ms": -212601687529.60675 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-08T12:10:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-08T07:10:15Z", "ms": -212518184602.849 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-08T12:58:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-08T07:58:15Z", "ms": -212515304602.849 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr to 03:38 on Mon 8 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-06T20:28:26Z → 1963-04-07T22:37:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 7th, 12:10–12:58 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 7 April. Caturdaśī runs from 01:28 on Sun 7 Apr to 03:38 on Mon 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22397, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-04-08T03:37:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T22:37:52Z", "ms": -212548927536.6803 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-09T05:56:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-09T00:56:41Z", "ms": -212454198690.75565 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-08T03:37:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-07T22:37:52Z", "ms": -212548927536.6803 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-09T05:56:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-09T00:56:41Z", "ms": -212454198690.75565 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-08T12:10:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-08T07:10:15Z", "ms": -212518184602.849 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-08T12:58:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-08T07:58:15Z", "ms": -212515304602.849 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-09T12:09:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-09T07:09:59Z", "ms": -212431801454.15936 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-09T12:57:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-09T07:57:59Z", "ms": -212428921454.15936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:38 on Mon 8 Apr to 05:57 on Tue 9 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-07T22:37:52Z → 1963-04-09T00:56:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 8th, 12:10–12:58 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22397 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1963: Monday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1963 falls on Monday 8 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:38 on Mon 8 Apr to 05:57 on Tue 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-04-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-12T13:11:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-12T08:11:01Z", "ms": -212168938877.99545 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-13T15:24:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-13T10:24:47Z", "ms": -212074513361.62445 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-12T13:11:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-12T08:11:01Z", "ms": -212168938877.99545 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-13T15:24:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-13T10:24:47Z", "ms": -212074513361.62445 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-12T21:47:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-12T16:47:51Z", "ms": -212137929432.72055 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-12T21:47:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-12T16:47:51Z", "ms": -212137929432.72055 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-13T22:40:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-13T17:40:23Z", "ms": -212048377198.54214 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-13T22:40:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-13T17:40:23Z", "ms": -212048377198.54214 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Fri 12 Apr to 15:25 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-12T08:11:01Z → 1963-04-13T10:24:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:48 on the 12th and 22:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Friday 12 April. Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Fri 12 Apr to 15:25 on Sat 13 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3750, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1963-04-14T05:09:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-14T00:09:32Z", "ms": -212025028195.565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-15T02:03:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-14T21:03:32Z", "ms": -209357787607.53253 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1963-04-14T05:09:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-14T00:09:32Z", "ms": -212025028195.565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-14T05:09:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-14T00:09:32Z", "ms": -212025028195.565 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-13T06:12:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-13T01:12:59Z", "ms": -212107620986.36334 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-14T06:12:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-14T01:12:02Z", "ms": -212021278233.13394 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-14T06:12:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-14T01:12:02Z", "ms": -212021278233.13394 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-15T06:11:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-15T01:11:05Z", "ms": -211934934961.36832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:10 on Sun 14 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-14T00:09:32Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:13 on the 13th, and from 06:12 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 3750 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1963-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1963-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaiśākhī 1963 falls on Saturday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:10 on Sun 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-04-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-19T17:44:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-19T12:44:13Z", "ms": -211547746789.94705 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-20T15:30:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-20T10:30:22Z", "ms": -211469377913.4364 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-19T17:44:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-19T12:44:13Z", "ms": -211547746789.94705 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-20T15:30:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-20T10:30:22Z", "ms": -211469377913.4364 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-19T06:07:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-19T01:07:24Z", "ms": -211589556173.81345 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-19T06:07:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-19T01:07:24Z", "ms": -211589556173.81345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-20T06:06:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-20T01:06:30Z", "ms": -211503209928.312 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-20T06:06:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-20T01:06:30Z", "ms": -211503209928.312 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 15:30 on Sat 20 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-19T12:44:13Z → 1963-04-20T10:30:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 19th and 06:07 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Saturday 20 April. Ekādaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 15:30 on Sat 20 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-04-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22788, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-21T12:36:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T07:36:36Z", "ms": -211393403906.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-22T09:11:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T04:11:26Z", "ms": -211319313863.2465 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-21T12:36:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T07:36:36Z", "ms": -211393403906.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-22T09:11:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T04:11:26Z", "ms": -211319313863.2465 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-21T18:56:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T13:56:24Z", "ms": -211370615750.4205 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-21T20:25:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T15:25:31Z", "ms": -211365269039.50354 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-22T18:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T13:56:52Z", "ms": -211284187959.85413 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-22T20:25:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T15:25:48Z", "ms": -211278851846.97595 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:37 on Sun 21 Apr to 09:11 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-21T07:36:36Z → 1963-04-22T04:11:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:26 on the 21st, 18:57–20:26 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 89 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22788 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Sunday 21 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:37 on Sun 21 Apr to 09:11 on Mon 22 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-04-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16241, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-22T09:11:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T04:11:26Z", "ms": -211319313863.2465 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-23T05:25:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-23T00:25:04Z", "ms": -211246496286.47748 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-22T09:11:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T04:11:26Z", "ms": -211319313863.2465 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-23T05:25:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-23T00:25:04Z", "ms": -211246496286.47748 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-22T00:06:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T19:06:34Z", "ms": -211352005584.4819 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-22T00:54:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-21T19:54:34Z", "ms": -211349125584.4819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-23T00:06:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T19:06:22Z", "ms": -211265617536.561 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-23T00:54:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-22T19:54:22Z", "ms": -211262737536.561 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:11 on Mon 22 Apr to 05:25 on Tue 23 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-22T04:11:26Z → 1963-04-23T00:25:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:07–00:55 on the 21st, 00:06–00:54 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16241 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Monday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Monday 22 April. Caturdaśī runs from 09:11 on Mon 22 Apr to 05:25 on Tue 23 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T17:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z", "ms": -211028876788.75095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T17:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z", "ms": -211028876788.75095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T18:58:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T13:58:16Z", "ms": -211024903502.84418 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-25T20:26:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T15:26:41Z", "ms": -211019598738.78644 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-26T18:58:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T13:58:45Z", "ms": -210938475006.91888 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T20:26:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T15:26:59Z", "ms": -210933180533.5926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:52 on Thu 25 Apr to 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z → 1963-04-26T09:34:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:58–20:27 on the 25th, 18:59–20:27 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 88 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1963 falls on Thursday 25 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:52 on Thu 25 Apr to 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T17:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z", "ms": -211028876788.75095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T17:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z", "ms": -211028876788.75095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-25T06:02:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T01:02:12Z", "ms": -211071468308.12314 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-25T10:20:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-25T05:20:53Z", "ms": -211055946706.3635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-26T06:01:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T01:01:22Z", "ms": -210985117772.41104 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T10:20:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T05:20:30Z", "ms": -210969570183.91367 } }, "covered_min": 259, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:52 on Thu 25 Apr to 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-25T12:52:03Z → 1963-04-26T09:34:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:02–10:21 on the 25th, 06:01–10:20 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 259 minutes on the 25th and 259 of 259 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1963: Friday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1963 falls on Friday 26 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:52 on Thu 25 Apr to 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-27T11:50:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T06:50:02Z", "ms": -210877798245.2884 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-28T09:47:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-28T04:47:16Z", "ms": -210798763752.62686 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-27T11:50:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T06:50:02Z", "ms": -210877798245.2884 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-28T09:47:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-28T04:47:16Z", "ms": -210798763752.62686 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-27T12:05:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T07:05:54Z", "ms": -210876846403.19482 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-27T12:53:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T07:53:54Z", "ms": -210873966403.19482 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-28T12:05:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-28T07:05:44Z", "ms": -210790455939.3871 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-28T12:53:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-28T07:53:44Z", "ms": -210787575939.3871 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:50 on Sat 27 Apr to 09:47 on Sun 28 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-27T06:50:02Z → 1963-04-28T04:47:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 27th, 12:06–12:54 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1963 falls on Saturday 27 April. Pañcamī runs from 11:50 on Sat 27 Apr to 09:47 on Sun 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-04-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-27T11:50:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T06:50:02Z", "ms": -210877798245.2884 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-26T14:34:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z", "ms": -210954346473.64264 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-27T11:50:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T06:50:02Z", "ms": -210877798245.2884 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-26T12:06:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T07:06:04Z", "ms": -210963236389.66498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-26T12:54:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-26T07:54:04Z", "ms": -210960356389.66498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-27T12:05:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T07:05:54Z", "ms": -210876846403.19482 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-27T12:53:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-27T07:53:54Z", "ms": -210873966403.19482 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr to 11:50 on Sat 27 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-26T09:34:14Z → 1963-04-27T06:50:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 26th, 12:06–12:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Saturday 27 April. Caturthī runs from 14:34 on Fri 26 Apr to 11:50 on Sat 27 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-04-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-04-29T08:31:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-29T03:31:08Z", "ms": -210716931893.40088 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-30T08:03:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-30T03:03:32Z", "ms": -210632188094.01862 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-04-29T08:31:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-29T03:31:08Z", "ms": -210716931893.40088 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-30T08:03:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-30T03:03:32Z", "ms": -210632188094.01862 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-29T12:05:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-29T07:05:35Z", "ms": -210704064990.83426 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-29T12:53:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-29T07:53:35Z", "ms": -210701184990.83426 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-04-30T12:05:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-30T07:05:26Z", "ms": -210617673549.51056 }, "end": { "local": "1963-04-30T12:53:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-04-30T07:53:26Z", "ms": -210614793549.51056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:31 on Mon 29 Apr to 08:04 on Tue 30 Apr.", "fact": "1963-04-29T03:31:08Z → 1963-04-30T03:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Karachi, 1963: Monday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1963 falls on Monday 29 April. Saptamī runs from 08:31 on Mon 29 Apr to 08:04 on Tue 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-05-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18149, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-03T10:58:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-03T05:58:28Z", "ms": -210362492364.68433 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-03T10:58:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-03T05:58:28Z", "ms": -210362492364.68433 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-03T05:55:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-03T00:55:59Z", "ms": -210380641069.75504 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-03T05:55:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-03T00:55:59Z", "ms": -210380641069.75504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T05:55:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T00:55:16Z", "ms": -210294283726.63608 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-04T05:55:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T00:55:16Z", "ms": -210294283726.63608 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:58 on Fri 3 May to 12:58 on Sat 4 May.", "fact": "1963-05-03T05:58:28Z → 1963-05-04T07:58:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:56 on the 3rd and 05:55 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18149 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Saturday 4 May. Ekādaśī runs from 10:58 on Fri 3 May to 12:58 on Sat 4 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:04:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:04:57Z", "ms": -210272102686.55212 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:52:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:52:57Z", "ms": -210269222686.55212 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-05T12:04:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T07:04:51Z", "ms": -210185708654.24878 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T12:52:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T07:52:51Z", "ms": -210182828654.24878 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:58 on Sat 4 May to 15:14 on Sun 5 May.", "fact": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z → 1963-05-05T10:13:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 4th, 12:05–12:53 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 12:58 on Sat 4 May to 15:14 on Sun 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z", "ms": -210268913601.45578 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:04:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:04:57Z", "ms": -210272102686.55212 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-04T12:52:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-04T07:52:57Z", "ms": -210269222686.55212 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-05T12:04:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T07:04:51Z", "ms": -210185708654.24878 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T12:52:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T07:52:51Z", "ms": -210182828654.24878 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:58 on Sat 4 May to 15:14 on Sun 5 May.", "fact": "1963-05-04T07:58:06Z → 1963-05-05T10:13:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 4th, 12:05–12:53 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 12:58 on Sat 4 May to 15:14 on Sun 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-05-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5206, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-06T17:36:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T12:36:52Z", "ms": -210079388225.87607 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-05T15:13:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z", "ms": -210174387100.50317 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-06T17:36:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T12:36:52Z", "ms": -210079388225.87607 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-05T19:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T14:03:08Z", "ms": -210160611870.60385 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-05T20:29:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-05T15:29:54Z", "ms": -210155405778.88983 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-06T19:03:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T14:03:38Z", "ms": -210074181975.97098 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-06T20:30:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T15:30:15Z", "ms": -210068985171.27542 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:14 on Sun 5 May to 17:37 on Mon 6 May.", "fact": "1963-05-05T10:13:33Z → 1963-05-06T12:36:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:30 on the 5th, 19:04–20:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 87 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5206 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Sunday 5 May. Trayodaśī runs from 15:14 on Sun 5 May to 17:37 on Mon 6 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1733, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-06T17:36:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T12:36:52Z", "ms": -210079388225.87607 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-06T17:36:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T12:36:52Z", "ms": -210079388225.87607 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-06T19:03:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T14:03:38Z", "ms": -210074181975.97098 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-06T20:30:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-06T15:30:15Z", "ms": -210068985171.27542 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T19:04:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T14:04:08Z", "ms": -209987751968.48203 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:30:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:30:36Z", "ms": -209982564331.5965 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:37 on Mon 6 May to 20:02 on Tue 7 May.", "fact": "1963-05-06T12:36:52Z → 1963-05-07T15:01:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:30 on the 6th, 19:04–20:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 6th and 58 of 86 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1733 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1963 falls on Tuesday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 17:37 on Mon 6 May to 20:02 on Tue 7 May and covers 58 of 86 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 87 minutes; by the rule the second evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T22:23:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T17:23:10Z", "ms": -209889410403.18015 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T22:23:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T17:23:10Z", "ms": -209889410403.18015 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T12:04:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T07:04:41Z", "ms": -210012918954.6182 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-07T12:52:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T07:52:41Z", "ms": -210010038954.6182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-08T12:04:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T07:04:37Z", "ms": -209926523273.27612 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T12:52:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T07:52:37Z", "ms": -209923643273.27612 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:02 on Tue 7 May to 22:23 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z → 1963-05-08T17:23:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 7th, 12:05–12:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1963 falls on Wednesday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:02 on Tue 7 May to 22:23 on Wed 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T22:23:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T17:23:10Z", "ms": -209889410403.18015 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T20:01:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z", "ms": -209984297648.373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T22:23:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T17:23:10Z", "ms": -209889410403.18015 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-07T12:04:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T07:04:41Z", "ms": -210012918954.6182 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-07T12:52:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-07T07:52:41Z", "ms": -210010038954.6182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-08T12:04:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T07:04:37Z", "ms": -209926523273.27612 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-08T12:52:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-08T07:52:37Z", "ms": -209923643273.27612 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:02 on Tue 7 May to 22:23 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "1963-05-07T15:01:42Z → 1963-05-08T17:23:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 7th, 12:05–12:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:02 on Tue 7 May to 22:23 on Wed 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-05-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24994, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-12T04:26:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-11T23:26:08Z", "ms": -209608431576.4538 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-13T05:51:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-13T00:51:12Z", "ms": -209516928489.413 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-12T04:26:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-11T23:26:08Z", "ms": -209608431576.4538 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-13T05:51:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-13T00:51:12Z", "ms": -209516928489.413 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-11T21:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-11T16:29:34Z", "ms": -209633425620.68243 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-11T21:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-11T16:29:34Z", "ms": -209633425620.68243 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-12T22:22:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-12T17:22:24Z", "ms": -209543855590.59818 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-12T22:22:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-12T17:22:24Z", "ms": -209543855590.59818 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:26 on Sun 12 May to 05:51 on Mon 13 May.", "fact": "1963-05-11T23:26:08Z → 1963-05-13T00:51:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:30 on the 11th and 22:22 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24994 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Sunday 12 May. Caturthī runs from 04:26 on Sun 12 May to 05:51 on Mon 13 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-05-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-05-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-19T02:08:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-18T21:08:26Z", "ms": -209011893720.39694 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-19T23:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-19T18:17:24Z", "ms": -208935755969.08575 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-19T02:08:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-18T21:08:26Z", "ms": -209011893720.39694 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-19T23:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-19T18:17:24Z", "ms": -208935755969.08575 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-19T05:46:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-19T00:46:41Z", "ms": -208998799317.4571 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-19T05:46:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-19T00:46:41Z", "ms": -208998799317.4571 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-20T05:46:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T00:46:15Z", "ms": -208912424647.76154 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-20T05:46:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T00:46:15Z", "ms": -208912424647.76154 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Sun 19 May to 23:17 on Sun 19 May.", "fact": "1963-05-18T21:08:26Z → 1963-05-19T18:17:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:47 on the 19th and 05:46 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aparā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 19 May. Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Sun 19 May to 23:17 on Sun 19 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-05-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-20T19:59:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T14:59:33Z", "ms": -208861227115.06625 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-21T16:23:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T11:23:52Z", "ms": -208787768016.05173 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-20T19:59:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T14:59:33Z", "ms": -208861227115.06625 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-21T16:23:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T11:23:52Z", "ms": -208787768016.05173 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-20T19:10:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T14:10:44Z", "ms": -208864155920.23148 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-20T20:35:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-20T15:35:25Z", "ms": -208859074968.17844 } }, "covered_min": 36, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-21T19:11:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T14:11:14Z", "ms": -208777725505.6538 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-21T20:35:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T15:35:48Z", "ms": -208772651666.15335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:00 on Mon 20 May to 16:24 on Tue 21 May.", "fact": "1963-05-20T14:59:33Z → 1963-05-21T11:23:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:11–20:35 on the 20th, 19:11–20:36 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 36 of 85 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 85 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 20 May. Trayodaśī runs from 20:00 on Mon 20 May to 16:24 on Tue 21 May and covers 36 of 85 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-05-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-21T16:23:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T11:23:52Z", "ms": -208787768016.05173 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-22T12:40:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-22T07:40:24Z", "ms": -208714775538.8434 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-21T16:23:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T11:23:52Z", "ms": -208787768016.05173 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-22T12:40:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-22T07:40:24Z", "ms": -208714775538.8434 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-22T00:04:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T19:04:21Z", "ms": -208760138607.52704 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-22T00:52:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-21T19:52:21Z", "ms": -208757258607.52704 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-23T00:04:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-22T19:04:26Z", "ms": -208673734319.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-23T00:52:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-22T19:52:26Z", "ms": -208670854319.1436 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:24 on Tue 21 May to 12:40 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "1963-05-21T11:23:52Z → 1963-05-22T07:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 21st, 00:04–00:52 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Caturdaśī runs from 16:24 on Tue 21 May to 12:40 on Wed 22 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34532, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T02:29:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-24T21:29:19Z", "ms": -208492240850.97452 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-25T23:59:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T18:59:05Z", "ms": -208414855343.4343 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T02:29:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-24T21:29:19Z", "ms": -208492240850.97452 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-25T23:59:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T18:59:05Z", "ms": -208414855343.4343 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T12:04:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T07:04:51Z", "ms": -208457709268.72388 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-25T12:52:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T07:52:51Z", "ms": -208454829268.72388 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-26T12:04:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T07:04:56Z", "ms": -208371303546.12048 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-26T12:52:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T07:52:56Z", "ms": -208368423546.12048 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:29 on Sat 25 May to 23:59 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "1963-05-24T21:29:19Z → 1963-05-25T18:59:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 25th, 12:05–12:53 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34532 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1963 falls on Saturday 25 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:29 on Sat 25 May to 23:59 on Sat 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-05-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T23:59:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T18:59:05Z", "ms": -208414855343.4343 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-26T22:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T17:09:37Z", "ms": -208335022522.85217 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T23:59:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T18:59:05Z", "ms": -208414855343.4343 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-26T22:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T17:09:37Z", "ms": -208335022522.85217 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-25T12:04:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T07:04:51Z", "ms": -208457709268.72388 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-25T12:52:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-25T07:52:51Z", "ms": -208454829268.72388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-26T12:04:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T07:04:56Z", "ms": -208371303546.12048 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-26T12:52:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-26T07:52:56Z", "ms": -208368423546.12048 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:59 on Sat 25 May to 22:10 on Sun 26 May.", "fact": "1963-05-25T18:59:05Z → 1963-05-26T17:09:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 25th, 12:05–12:53 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Sunday 26 May. Caturthī runs from 23:59 on Sat 25 May to 22:10 on Sun 26 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T21:06:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z", "ms": -208252422829.06927 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T20:51:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T15:51:17Z", "ms": -208166923138.29535 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T21:06:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z", "ms": -208252422829.06927 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T20:51:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T15:51:17Z", "ms": -208166923138.29535 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T12:05:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T07:05:03Z", "ms": -208284897351.9039 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-27T12:53:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T07:53:03Z", "ms": -208282017351.9039 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-28T12:05:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T07:05:09Z", "ms": -208198490700.43213 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T12:53:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T07:53:09Z", "ms": -208195610700.43213 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:06 on Mon 27 May to 20:51 on Tue 28 May.", "fact": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z → 1963-05-28T15:51:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 27th, 12:05–12:53 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1963 falls on Tuesday 28 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:06 on Mon 27 May to 20:51 on Tue 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T21:06:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z", "ms": -208252422829.06927 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T20:51:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T15:51:17Z", "ms": -208166923138.29535 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T21:06:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z", "ms": -208252422829.06927 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T20:51:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T15:51:17Z", "ms": -208166923138.29535 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-27T12:05:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T07:05:03Z", "ms": -208284897351.9039 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-27T12:53:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-27T07:53:03Z", "ms": -208282017351.9039 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-05-28T12:05:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T07:05:09Z", "ms": -208198490700.43213 }, "end": { "local": "1963-05-28T12:53:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-05-28T07:53:09Z", "ms": -208195610700.43213 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:06 on Mon 27 May to 20:51 on Tue 28 May.", "fact": "1963-05-27T16:06:17Z → 1963-05-28T15:51:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 27th, 12:05–12:53 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1963 falls on Tuesday 28 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:06 on Mon 27 May to 20:51 on Tue 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-06-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2796, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-02T02:33:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-01T21:33:50Z", "ms": -207800769955.25314 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-03T04:55:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T23:55:52Z", "ms": -207705848393.80392 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-02T02:33:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-01T21:33:50Z", "ms": -207800769955.25314 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-03T04:55:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T23:55:52Z", "ms": -207705848393.80392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-02T05:42:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T00:42:36Z", "ms": -207789444374.73615 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-02T05:42:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T00:42:36Z", "ms": -207789444374.73615 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-03T05:42:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-03T00:42:27Z", "ms": -207703052846.81363 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-03T05:42:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-03T00:42:27Z", "ms": -207703052846.81363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:34 on Sun 2 Jun to 04:56 on Mon 3 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-01T21:33:50Z → 1963-06-02T23:55:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:43 on the 2nd and 05:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2796 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 2 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 2 June. Ekādaśī runs from 02:34 on Sun 2 Jun to 04:56 on Mon 3 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-06-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-03T04:55:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T23:55:52Z", "ms": -207705848393.80392 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-04T07:19:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T02:19:50Z", "ms": -207610810045.4359 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-03T04:55:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-02T23:55:52Z", "ms": -207705848393.80392 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-04T07:19:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T02:19:50Z", "ms": -207610810045.4359 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-03T12:05:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-03T07:05:58Z", "ms": -207680041963.6441 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-03T12:53:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-03T07:53:58Z", "ms": -207677161963.6441 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-04T12:06:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T07:06:08Z", "ms": -207593632499.81714 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-04T12:54:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T07:54:08Z", "ms": -207590752499.81714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:56 on Mon 3 Jun to 07:20 on Tue 4 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-02T23:55:52Z → 1963-06-04T02:19:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 3rd, 12:06–12:54 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1963 falls on Monday 3 June. Dvādaśī runs from 04:56 on Mon 3 Jun to 07:20 on Tue 4 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-06-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34854, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-04T07:19:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T02:19:50Z", "ms": -207610810045.4359 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-05T09:37:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-05T04:37:27Z", "ms": -207516152951.90985 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-04T07:19:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T02:19:50Z", "ms": -207610810045.4359 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-05T09:37:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-05T04:37:27Z", "ms": -207516152951.90985 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-04T19:17:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T14:17:55Z", "ms": -207567724877.67148 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-04T20:41:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-04T15:41:10Z", "ms": -207562730387.8781 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-05T19:18:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-05T14:18:21Z", "ms": -207481299178.61548 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-05T20:41:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-05T15:41:31Z", "ms": -207476308767.92325 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:20 on Tue 4 Jun to 09:37 on Wed 5 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-04T02:19:50Z → 1963-06-05T04:37:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:18–20:41 on the 4th, 19:18–20:42 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 83 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34854 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Tuesday 4 June. Trayodaśī runs from 07:20 on Tue 4 Jun to 09:37 on Wed 5 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-06-06T11:42:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-06T06:42:30Z", "ms": -207422250238.20483 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-07T13:30:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-07T08:30:35Z", "ms": -207329364756.22104 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-06T11:42:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-06T06:42:30Z", "ms": -207422250238.20483 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-07T13:30:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-07T08:30:35Z", "ms": -207329364756.22104 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-06T19:18:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-06T14:18:46Z", "ms": -207394874008.69315 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-06T20:41:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-06T15:41:53Z", "ms": -207389887448.8957 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-07T19:19:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-07T14:19:11Z", "ms": -207308449393.1131 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-07T20:42:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-07T15:42:14Z", "ms": -207303466453.50516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:42 on Thu 6 Jun to 13:31 on Fri 7 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-06T06:42:30Z → 1963-06-07T08:30:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:42 on the 6th, 19:19–20:42 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 83 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 6 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:42 on Thu 6 Jun to 13:31 on Fri 7 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-06-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19004, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-10T16:45:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-10T11:45:06Z", "ms": -207058494188.6228 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-11T16:59:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-11T11:59:09Z", "ms": -206971250857.73138 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-10T16:45:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-10T11:45:06Z", "ms": -207058494188.6228 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-11T16:59:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-11T11:59:09Z", "ms": -206971250857.73138 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-10T22:01:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-10T17:01:50Z", "ms": -207039490309.71143 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-10T22:01:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-10T17:01:50Z", "ms": -207039490309.71143 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-11T22:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-11T17:49:46Z", "ms": -206950213641.82266 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-11T22:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-11T17:49:46Z", "ms": -206950213641.82266 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Mon 10 Jun to 16:59 on Tue 11 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-10T11:45:06Z → 1963-06-11T11:59:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:02 on the 10th and 22:50 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19004 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 10 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Monday 10 June. Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Mon 10 Jun to 16:59 on Tue 11 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-06-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-06-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2197, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-17T08:02:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-17T03:02:58Z", "ms": -206485022075.13535 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-18T05:06:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T00:06:03Z", "ms": -206409237078.20416 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-17T08:02:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-17T03:02:58Z", "ms": -206485022075.13535 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-18T05:06:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T00:06:03Z", "ms": -206409237078.20416 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-17T05:42:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-17T00:42:31Z", "ms": -206493448801.03244 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-17T05:42:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-17T00:42:31Z", "ms": -206493448801.03244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-18T05:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T00:42:40Z", "ms": -206407040165.67383 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-18T05:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T00:42:40Z", "ms": -206407040165.67383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:03 on Mon 17 Jun to 05:06 on Tue 18 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-17T03:02:58Z → 1963-06-18T00:06:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:43 on the 17th and 05:43 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2197 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Monday 17 June. Ekādaśī runs from 08:03 on Mon 17 Jun to 05:06 on Tue 18 Jun, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-06-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7194, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-19T01:57:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T20:57:41Z", "ms": -206334139011.3277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-19T22:45:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T17:45:46Z", "ms": -206259253914.4095 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-19T01:57:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T20:57:41Z", "ms": -206334139011.3277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-19T22:45:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T17:45:46Z", "ms": -206259253914.4095 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-18T19:22:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T14:22:58Z", "ms": -206357822461.15213 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-18T20:45:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-18T15:45:36Z", "ms": -206352863533.83917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-19T19:23:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T14:23:13Z", "ms": -206271406504.13837 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-19T20:45:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T15:45:52Z", "ms": -206266448283.37527 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:58 on Wed 19 Jun to 22:46 on Wed 19 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-18T20:57:41Z → 1963-06-19T17:45:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:46 on the 18th, 19:23–20:46 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 18th and 83 of 83 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7194 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 19 June. Trayodaśī runs from 01:58 on Wed 19 Jun to 22:46 on Wed 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-06-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5001, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-19T22:45:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T17:45:46Z", "ms": -206259253914.4095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-20T19:38:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-20T14:38:51Z", "ms": -206184069350.03943 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-19T22:45:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T17:45:46Z", "ms": -206259253914.4095 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-20T19:38:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-20T14:38:51Z", "ms": -206184069350.03943 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-20T00:09:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T19:09:07Z", "ms": -206254253176.27682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-20T00:57:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-19T19:57:07Z", "ms": -206251373176.27682 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-21T00:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-20T19:09:20Z", "ms": -206167839834.3111 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-21T00:57:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-20T19:57:20Z", "ms": -206164959834.3111 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:46 on Wed 19 Jun to 19:39 on Thu 20 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-19T17:45:46Z → 1963-06-20T14:38:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 19th, 00:09–00:57 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5001 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Wednesday 19 June. Caturdaśī runs from 22:46 on Wed 19 Jun to 19:39 on Thu 20 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 303, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-06-22T14:15:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-22T09:15:04Z", "ms": -206030695826.04773 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-23T12:14:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-23T07:14:56Z", "ms": -205951503998.77124 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-22T14:15:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-22T09:15:04Z", "ms": -206030695826.04773 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-23T12:14:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-23T07:14:56Z", "ms": -205951503998.77124 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-22T12:09:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-22T07:09:40Z", "ms": -206038219907.66174 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-22T12:57:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-22T07:57:40Z", "ms": -206035339907.66174 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-23T12:09:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-23T07:09:53Z", "ms": -205951807081.5819 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-23T12:57:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-23T07:57:53Z", "ms": -205948927081.5819 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:15 on Sat 22 Jun to 12:15 on Sun 23 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-22T09:15:04Z → 1963-06-23T07:14:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 22nd, 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 5 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 303 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rathayātrā 1963 falls on Sunday 23 June. Dvitīyā runs from 14:15 on Sat 22 Jun to 12:15 on Sun 23 Jun and covers 5 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-06-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-24T10:52:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-24T05:52:09Z", "ms": -205870071407.19492 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-25T10:11:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T05:11:37Z", "ms": -205786103350.54984 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-24T10:52:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-24T05:52:09Z", "ms": -205870071407.19492 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-25T10:11:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T05:11:37Z", "ms": -205786103350.54984 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-24T12:10:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-24T07:10:06Z", "ms": -205865394323.40582 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-24T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-24T07:58:06Z", "ms": -205862514323.40582 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-25T12:10:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T07:10:18Z", "ms": -205778981660.49518 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-25T12:58:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T07:58:18Z", "ms": -205776101660.49518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:52 on Mon 24 Jun to 10:12 on Tue 25 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-24T05:52:09Z → 1963-06-25T05:11:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 24th, 12:10–12:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Monday 24 June. Caturthī runs from 10:52 on Mon 24 Jun to 10:12 on Tue 25 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-06-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6897, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-25T10:11:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T05:11:37Z", "ms": -205786103350.54984 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-26T10:15:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-26T05:15:34Z", "ms": -205699466066.85065 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-25T10:11:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T05:11:37Z", "ms": -205786103350.54984 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-26T10:15:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-26T05:15:34Z", "ms": -205699466066.85065 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-25T12:10:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T07:10:18Z", "ms": -205778981660.49518 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-25T12:58:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-25T07:58:18Z", "ms": -205776101660.49518 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-26T12:10:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-26T07:10:31Z", "ms": -205692569118.96274 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-26T12:58:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-26T07:58:31Z", "ms": -205689689118.96274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:12 on Tue 25 Jun to 10:16 on Wed 26 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-25T05:11:37Z → 1963-06-26T05:15:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:11–12:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6897 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Pañcamī 1963 falls on Tuesday 25 June. Pañcamī runs from 10:12 on Tue 25 Jun to 10:16 on Wed 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1065, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-06-27T11:02:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-27T06:02:52Z", "ms": -205610227541.00983 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-28T12:28:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-28T07:28:40Z", "ms": -205518679504.21643 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-06-27T11:02:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-27T06:02:52Z", "ms": -205610227541.00983 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-28T12:28:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-28T07:28:40Z", "ms": -205518679504.21643 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-27T12:10:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-27T07:10:43Z", "ms": -205606156723.71198 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-27T12:58:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-27T07:58:43Z", "ms": -205603276723.71198 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-06-28T12:10:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-28T07:10:56Z", "ms": -205519744498.5514 }, "end": { "local": "1963-06-28T12:58:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-06-28T07:58:56Z", "ms": -205516864498.5514 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:03 on Thu 27 Jun to 12:29 on Fri 28 Jun.", "fact": "1963-06-27T06:02:52Z → 1963-06-28T07:28:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 27th, 12:11–12:59 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 18 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1065 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vivasvat Saptamī 1963 falls on Thursday 27 June. Saptamī runs from 11:03 on Thu 27 Jun to 12:29 on Fri 28 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 18 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-07-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30518, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-01T19:01:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-01T14:01:15Z", "ms": -205235925221.3904 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-02T21:17:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-02T16:17:58Z", "ms": -205141321541.71527 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-01T19:01:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-01T14:01:15Z", "ms": -205235925221.3904 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-02T21:17:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-02T16:17:58Z", "ms": -205141321541.71527 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-02T05:46:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-02T00:46:16Z", "ms": -205197224398.18494 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-02T05:46:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-02T00:46:16Z", "ms": -205197224398.18494 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-03T05:46:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T00:46:37Z", "ms": -205110803331.83725 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-03T05:46:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T00:46:37Z", "ms": -205110803331.83725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:01 on Mon 1 Jul to 21:18 on Tue 2 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-01T14:01:15Z → 1963-07-02T16:17:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:46 on the 2nd and 05:47 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30518 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Tuesday 2 July. Ekādaśī runs from 19:01 on Mon 1 Jul to 21:18 on Tue 2 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-07-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-03T23:19:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T18:19:43Z", "ms": -205047616563.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-05T00:59:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-04T19:59:10Z", "ms": -204955250407.12753 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-03T23:19:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T18:19:43Z", "ms": -205047616563.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-05T00:59:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-04T19:59:10Z", "ms": -204955250407.12753 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-03T19:25:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T14:25:10Z", "ms": -205061690052.98438 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-03T20:48:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-03T15:48:04Z", "ms": -205056715600.2765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-04T19:25:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-04T14:25:10Z", "ms": -204975290215.7981 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-04T20:48:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-04T15:48:07Z", "ms": -204970312773.9814 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:20 on Wed 3 Jul to 00:59 on Fri 5 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-03T18:19:43Z → 1963-07-04T19:59:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:48 on the 3rd, 19:25–20:48 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 3rd and 83 of 83 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 4 July. Trayodaśī runs from 23:20 on Wed 3 Jul to 00:59 on Fri 5 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T05:47:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T00:47:43Z", "ms": -204851536591.41418 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-06T08:31:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T03:31:12Z", "ms": -204841728105.65503 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-07T05:48:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T00:48:07Z", "ms": -204765113251.03705 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T08:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T03:31:30Z", "ms": -204755310192.84323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z → 1963-07-06T21:55:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:48–08:31 on the 6th, 05:48–08:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 163 of 163 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 163 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vyāsa Pūjā 1963 falls on Saturday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33430, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T12:12:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T07:12:25Z", "ms": -204828455377.01633 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-06T13:00:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T08:00:25Z", "ms": -204825575377.01633 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-07T12:12:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T07:12:34Z", "ms": -204742045605.55252 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T13:00:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T08:00:34Z", "ms": -204739165605.55252 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z → 1963-07-06T21:55:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 6th, 12:13–13:01 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33430 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Guru Pūrṇimā 1963 falls on Saturday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-05T16:41:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T11:41:35Z", "ms": -204898705146.94073 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-05T19:25:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T14:25:08Z", "ms": -204888891583.13266 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T16:41:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T11:41:37Z", "ms": -204812302648.37762 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-06T19:25:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T14:25:06Z", "ms": -204802494162.61847 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z → 1963-07-06T21:55:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:42–19:25 on the 5th, 16:42–19:25 on the 6th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 164 minutes on the 5th and 163 of 163 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kokilā Vrata 1963 falls on Saturday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T02:11:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z", "ms": -204864495447.95636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T02:55:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T21:55:24Z", "ms": -204775476015.29388 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-05T19:25:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T14:25:08Z", "ms": -204888891583.13266 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-05T20:48:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-05T15:48:09Z", "ms": -204883910917.5702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-06T19:25:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T14:25:06Z", "ms": -204802494162.61847 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-06T20:48:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-06T15:48:10Z", "ms": -204797510041.07428 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-05T21:11:45Z → 1963-07-06T21:55:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:48 on the 5th, 19:25–20:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 83 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śiva Śayanotsava 1963 falls on Saturday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:12 on Sat 6 Jul to 02:55 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-08T03:09:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T22:09:57Z", "ms": -204688203133.3942 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-09T02:56:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-08T21:56:28Z", "ms": -204602611680.0288 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-08T03:09:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T22:09:57Z", "ms": -204688203133.3942 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-09T02:56:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-08T21:56:28Z", "ms": -204602611680.0288 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-07T19:57:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T14:57:21Z", "ms": -204714158555.10593 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-07T19:57:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-07T14:57:21Z", "ms": -204714158555.10593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-08T20:47:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-08T15:47:07Z", "ms": -204624772660.71533 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-08T20:47:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-08T15:47:07Z", "ms": -204624772660.71533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 03:10 on Mon 8 Jul to 02:56 on Tue 9 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-07T22:09:57Z → 1963-07-08T21:56:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:57 on the 7th and 20:47 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Karachi, 1963: Monday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1963 falls on Monday 8 July. Dvitīyā runs from 03:10 on Mon 8 Jul to 02:56 on Tue 9 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-07-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-10T02:16:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-09T21:16:48Z", "ms": -204518591854.34433 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-11T01:13:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-10T20:13:09Z", "ms": -204436011253.61984 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-10T02:16:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-09T21:16:48Z", "ms": -204518591854.34433 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-11T01:13:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-10T20:13:09Z", "ms": -204436011253.61984 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-09T21:33:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-09T16:33:47Z", "ms": -204535572620.66647 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-09T21:33:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-09T16:33:47Z", "ms": -204535572620.66647 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-10T22:17:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-10T17:17:25Z", "ms": -204446554865.1071 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-10T22:17:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-10T17:17:25Z", "ms": -204446554865.1071 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:17 on Wed 10 Jul to 01:13 on Thu 11 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-09T21:16:48Z → 1963-07-10T20:13:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:34 on the 9th and 22:17 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 10 July. Caturthī runs from 02:17 on Wed 10 Jul to 01:13 on Thu 11 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-07-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-16T12:53:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-16T07:53:20Z", "ms": -203962000126.50476 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-17T10:20:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T05:20:55Z", "ms": -203884745326.5081 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-16T12:53:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-16T07:53:20Z", "ms": -203962000126.50476 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-17T10:20:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T05:20:55Z", "ms": -203884745326.5081 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-16T05:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-16T00:51:57Z", "ms": -203987283435.26123 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-16T05:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-16T00:51:57Z", "ms": -203987283435.26123 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-17T05:52:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T00:52:24Z", "ms": -203900856167.43152 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-17T05:52:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T00:52:24Z", "ms": -203900856167.43152 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:53 on Tue 16 Jul to 10:21 on Wed 17 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-16T07:53:20Z → 1963-07-17T05:20:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:52 on the 16th and 05:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Wednesday 17 July. Ekādaśī runs from 12:53 on Tue 16 Jul to 10:21 on Wed 17 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-07-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31480, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-18T07:51:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T02:51:49Z", "ms": -203807290683.73233 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-19T05:31:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T00:31:42Z", "ms": -203729298108.40277 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-18T07:51:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T02:51:49Z", "ms": -203807290683.73233 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-19T05:31:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T00:31:42Z", "ms": -203729298108.40277 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-17T19:23:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T14:23:16Z", "ms": -203852203602.6682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-17T20:47:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-17T15:47:13Z", "ms": -203847166942.74667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-18T19:22:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T14:22:59Z", "ms": -203765820970.11606 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-18T20:47:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T15:47:02Z", "ms": -203760778297.13525 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:52 on Thu 18 Jul to 05:32 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-18T02:51:49Z → 1963-07-19T00:31:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:47 on the 17th, 19:23–20:47 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 17th and 84 of 84 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31480 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 18 July. Trayodaśī runs from 07:52 on Thu 18 Jul to 05:32 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-07-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8661, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-19T05:31:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T00:31:42Z", "ms": -203729298108.40277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-20T03:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T22:26:35Z", "ms": -203650404971.69086 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-19T05:31:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T00:31:42Z", "ms": -203729298108.40277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-20T03:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T22:26:35Z", "ms": -203650404971.69086 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-19T00:14:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T19:14:09Z", "ms": -203748350946.43805 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-19T01:02:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-18T20:02:09Z", "ms": -203745470946.43805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-20T00:14:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T19:14:14Z", "ms": -203661946293.02832 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-20T01:02:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-19T20:02:14Z", "ms": -203659066293.02832 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:32 on Fri 19 Jul to 03:27 on Sat 20 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-19T00:31:42Z → 1963-07-19T22:26:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 18th, 00:14–01:02 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8661 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Friday 19 July. Caturdaśī runs from 05:32 on Fri 19 Jul to 03:27 on Sat 20 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37959, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-07-22T23:42:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-22T18:42:08Z", "ms": -203404672108.41068 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-23T23:34:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T18:34:52Z", "ms": -203318708234.97272 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-22T23:42:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-22T18:42:08Z", "ms": -203404672108.41068 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-23T23:34:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T18:34:52Z", "ms": -203318708234.97272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-22T12:14:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-22T07:14:10Z", "ms": -203445949801.77527 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-22T13:02:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-22T08:02:10Z", "ms": -203443069801.77527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-23T12:14:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T07:14:13Z", "ms": -203359547442.6043 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-23T13:02:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T08:02:13Z", "ms": -203356667442.6043 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:42 on Mon 22 Jul to 23:35 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-22T18:42:08Z → 1963-07-23T18:34:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 22nd, 12:14–13:02 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37959 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1963 falls on Tuesday 23 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:42 on Mon 22 Jul to 23:35 on Tue 23 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-07-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37959, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-23T23:34:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T18:34:52Z", "ms": -203318708234.97272 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-25T00:06:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T19:06:12Z", "ms": -203230427946.4572 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-23T23:34:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T18:34:52Z", "ms": -203318708234.97272 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-25T00:06:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T19:06:12Z", "ms": -203230427946.4572 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-23T12:14:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T07:14:13Z", "ms": -203359547442.6043 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-23T13:02:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-23T08:02:13Z", "ms": -203356667442.6043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-24T12:14:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T07:14:14Z", "ms": -203273145665.35468 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-24T13:02:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T08:02:14Z", "ms": -203270265665.35468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:35 on Tue 23 Jul to 00:06 on Thu 25 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-23T18:34:52Z → 1963-07-24T19:06:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 23rd, 12:14–13:02 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37959 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 24 July. Caturthī runs from 23:35 on Tue 23 Jul to 00:06 on Thu 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-25T00:06:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T19:06:12Z", "ms": -203230427946.4572 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-26T01:15:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-25T20:15:07Z", "ms": -203139892775.33524 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-25T00:06:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-24T19:06:12Z", "ms": -203230427946.4572 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-26T01:15:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-25T20:15:07Z", "ms": -203139892775.33524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-25T12:14:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-25T07:14:16Z", "ms": -203186744479.53067 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-25T13:02:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-25T08:02:16Z", "ms": -203183864479.53067 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-26T12:14:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-26T07:14:16Z", "ms": -203100343893.00977 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-26T13:02:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-26T08:02:16Z", "ms": -203097463893.00977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 00:06 on Thu 25 Jul to 01:15 on Fri 26 Jul.", "fact": "1963-07-24T19:06:12Z → 1963-07-25T20:15:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 25th, 12:14–13:02 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī 1963 falls on Thursday 25 July. Pañcamī runs from 00:06 on Thu 25 Jul to 01:15 on Fri 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-07-31T11:50:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-31T06:50:01Z", "ms": -202669798576.36557 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-01T13:32:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T08:32:25Z", "ms": -202577255198.41196 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-07-31T11:50:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-31T06:50:01Z", "ms": -202669798576.36557 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-01T13:32:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T08:32:25Z", "ms": -202577255198.41196 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-07-31T05:58:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-31T00:58:59Z", "ms": -202690861319.87213 }, "end": { "local": "1963-07-31T05:58:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-07-31T00:58:59Z", "ms": -202690861319.87213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-01T05:59:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T00:59:27Z", "ms": -202604433136.51575 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-01T05:59:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T00:59:27Z", "ms": -202604433136.51575 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:50 on Wed 31 Jul to 13:32 on Thu 1 Aug.", "fact": "1963-07-31T06:50:01Z → 1963-08-01T08:32:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:59 on the 31st and 05:59 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Thursday 1 August. Ekādaśī runs from 11:50 on Wed 31 Jul to 13:32 on Thu 1 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-01T13:32:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T08:32:25Z", "ms": -202577255198.41196 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-02T14:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T09:42:22Z", "ms": -202486657574.5589 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-01T13:32:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T08:32:25Z", "ms": -202577255198.41196 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-02T14:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T09:42:22Z", "ms": -202486657574.5589 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-01T12:14:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T07:14:07Z", "ms": -202581953217.46606 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-01T13:02:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-01T08:02:07Z", "ms": -202579073217.46606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-02T12:14:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T07:14:03Z", "ms": -202495556927.21484 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-02T13:02:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T08:02:03Z", "ms": -202492676927.21484 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 13:32 on Thu 1 Aug to 14:42 on Fri 2 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-01T08:32:25Z → 1963-08-02T09:42:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 1st, 12:14–13:02 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1963 falls on Friday 2 August. Dvādaśī runs from 13:32 on Thu 1 Aug to 14:42 on Fri 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-08-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-02T14:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T09:42:22Z", "ms": -202486657574.5589 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-03T15:15:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-03T10:15:31Z", "ms": -202398268628.63043 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-02T14:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T09:42:22Z", "ms": -202486657574.5589 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-03T15:15:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-03T10:15:31Z", "ms": -202398268628.63043 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-02T19:16:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T14:16:11Z", "ms": -202470228802.24466 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-02T20:42:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-02T15:42:05Z", "ms": -202465075239.13602 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-03T19:15:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-03T14:15:35Z", "ms": -202383865419.88284 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-03T20:41:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-03T15:41:37Z", "ms": -202378703260.86313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:42 on Fri 2 Aug to 15:16 on Sat 3 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-02T09:42:22Z → 1963-08-03T10:15:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:16–20:42 on the 2nd, 19:16–20:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 86 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Friday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Friday 2 August. Trayodaśī runs from 14:42 on Fri 2 Aug to 15:16 on Sat 3 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 11169, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-04T15:11:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T10:11:00Z", "ms": -202312140151.9582 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T14:30:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T09:30:50Z", "ms": -202228150014.85794 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1963-08-05T02:55:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T21:55:09Z", "ms": -202269890921.86322 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T14:30:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T09:30:50Z", "ms": -202228150014.85794 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-04T06:00:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T01:00:51Z", "ms": -202345149227.23505 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T06:01:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T01:01:18Z", "ms": -202258721505.9844 } }, "covered_min": 186, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-05T06:01:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T01:01:18Z", "ms": -202258721505.9844 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-06T06:01:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-06T01:01:46Z", "ms": -202172293922.4871 } }, "covered_min": 510, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:11 on Sun 4 Aug to 14:31 on Mon 5 Aug. Its second half begins at 02:55 on Mon 5 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-04T10:11:00Z → 1963-08-05T09:30:50Z · second half from 1963-08-04T21:55:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:01 on the 4th, and from 06:01 on the 5th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 186 of 1440 minutes on the 4th and 510 of 1440 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 11169 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Karachi, 1963: Monday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1963 falls on Monday 5 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 02:55 on Mon 5 Aug to 14:31 on Mon 5 Aug and falls on two days: 510 minutes of it on the 5th, 186 on the 4th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5342, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-04T15:11:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T10:11:00Z", "ms": -202312140151.9582 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T14:30:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T09:30:50Z", "ms": -202228150014.85794 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-04T15:11:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T10:11:00Z", "ms": -202312140151.9582 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T14:30:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T09:30:50Z", "ms": -202228150014.85794 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-04T12:13:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T07:13:54Z", "ms": -202322766179.8117 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-04T13:01:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-04T08:01:54Z", "ms": -202319886179.8117 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-05T12:13:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T07:13:48Z", "ms": -202236371712.94006 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-05T13:01:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-05T08:01:48Z", "ms": -202233491712.94006 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:11 on Sun 4 Aug to 14:31 on Mon 5 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-04T10:11:00Z → 1963-08-05T09:30:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 4th, 12:14–13:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5342 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 1963: Monday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1963 falls on Monday 5 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:11 on Sun 4 Aug to 14:31 on Mon 5 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-06T13:19:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-06T08:19:10Z", "ms": -202146050122.0549 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-07T11:41:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T06:41:26Z", "ms": -202065513754.1904 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-06T13:19:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-06T08:19:10Z", "ms": -202146050122.0549 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-07T11:41:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T06:41:26Z", "ms": -202065513754.1904 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-06T20:14:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-06T15:14:17Z", "ms": -202121143149.60944 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-06T20:14:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-06T15:14:17Z", "ms": -202121143149.60944 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-07T20:57:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T15:57:12Z", "ms": -202032167761.46204 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-07T20:57:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T15:57:12Z", "ms": -202032167761.46204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:19 on Tue 6 Aug to 11:41 on Wed 7 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-06T08:19:10Z → 1963-08-07T06:41:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:14 on the 6th and 20:57 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1963 falls on Tuesday 6 August. Dvitīyā runs from 13:19 on Tue 6 Aug to 11:41 on Wed 7 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1929, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-07T11:41:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T06:41:26Z", "ms": -202065513754.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-07T11:41:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T06:41:26Z", "ms": -202065513754.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-07T12:13:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T07:13:35Z", "ms": -202063584559.76254 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-07T13:01:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T08:01:35Z", "ms": -202060704559.76254 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T12:13:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T07:13:28Z", "ms": -201977191857.40805 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-08T13:01:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T08:01:28Z", "ms": -201974311857.40805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Wed 7 Aug to 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-07T06:41:26Z → 1963-08-08T04:43:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 7th, 12:13–13:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1929 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1963 falls on Wednesday 7 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Wed 7 Aug to 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24637, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-09T07:32:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T02:32:11Z", "ms": -201907669208.7881 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-09T07:32:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T02:32:11Z", "ms": -201907669208.7881 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T16:34:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T11:34:21Z", "ms": -201961539457.2582 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-08T19:12:15+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T14:12:15Z", "ms": -201952064523.82498 } }, "covered_min": 158, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-09T16:33:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T11:33:52Z", "ms": -201875168331.04486 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-09T19:11:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T14:11:33Z", "ms": -201865707400.93326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug to 07:32 on Fri 9 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z → 1963-08-09T02:32:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:34–19:12 on the 8th, 16:34–19:12 on the 9th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 158 of 158 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 158 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24637 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bahulā Caturthī 1963 falls on Thursday 8 August. Caturthī runs from 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug to 07:32 on Fri 9 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-08-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-09T07:32:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T02:32:11Z", "ms": -201907669208.7881 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T09:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z", "ms": -201986176532.67682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-09T07:32:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-09T02:32:11Z", "ms": -201907669208.7881 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-07T20:57:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T15:57:12Z", "ms": -202032167761.46204 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-07T20:57:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-07T15:57:12Z", "ms": -202032167761.46204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-08T21:38:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T16:38:07Z", "ms": -201943313340.81494 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-08T21:38:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-08T16:38:07Z", "ms": -201943313340.81494 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug to 07:32 on Fri 9 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-08T04:43:43Z → 1963-08-09T02:32:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:57 on the 7th and 21:38 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Thursday 8 August. Caturthī runs from 09:44 on Thu 8 Aug to 07:32 on Fri 9 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-10T05:12:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T00:12:38Z", "ms": -201829642350.76694 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-11T02:50:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T21:50:17Z", "ms": -201751783361.23303 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-10T05:12:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T00:12:38Z", "ms": -201829642350.76694 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-11T02:50:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T21:50:17Z", "ms": -201751783361.23303 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-10T12:13:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T07:13:12Z", "ms": -201804408157.17664 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-10T13:01:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T08:01:12Z", "ms": -201801528157.17664 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-11T12:13:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T07:13:03Z", "ms": -201718017141.4812 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-11T13:01:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T08:01:03Z", "ms": -201715137141.4812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:13 on Sat 10 Aug to 02:50 on Sun 11 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-10T00:12:38Z → 1963-08-10T21:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 10th, 12:13–13:01 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1963 falls on Saturday 10 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:13 on Sat 10 Aug to 02:50 on Sun 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 978, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-12T00:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T19:29:34Z", "ms": -201673825922.2646 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T22:14:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T17:14:08Z", "ms": -201595551661.36636 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-12T00:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T19:29:34Z", "ms": -201673825922.2646 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T22:14:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T17:14:08Z", "ms": -201595551661.36636 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-12T00:13:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T19:13:16Z", "ms": -201674803810.5953 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T01:01:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T20:01:16Z", "ms": -201671923810.5953 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-13T00:13:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T19:13:07Z", "ms": -201588413423.6921 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-13T01:01:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T20:01:07Z", "ms": -201585533423.6921 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:30 on Mon 12 Aug to 22:14 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-11T19:29:34Z → 1963-08-12T17:14:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 11th, 00:13–01:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 32 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 978 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Janmāṣṭamī 1963 falls on Sunday 11 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:30 on Mon 12 Aug to 22:14 on Mon 12 Aug and covers 32 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-11T02:50:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T21:50:17Z", "ms": -201751783361.23303 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T00:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T19:29:34Z", "ms": -201673825922.2646 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-11T02:50:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-10T21:50:17Z", "ms": -201751783361.23303 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T00:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T19:29:34Z", "ms": -201673825922.2646 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-11T12:13:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T07:13:03Z", "ms": -201718017141.4812 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-11T13:01:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-11T08:01:03Z", "ms": -201715137141.4812 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-12T12:12:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T07:12:53Z", "ms": -201631626670.74457 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-12T13:00:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-12T08:00:53Z", "ms": -201628746670.74457 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:50 on Sun 11 Aug to 00:30 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-10T21:50:17Z → 1963-08-11T19:29:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 11th, 12:13–13:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalā Saptamī 1963 falls on Sunday 11 August. Saptamī runs from 02:50 on Sun 11 Aug to 00:30 on Mon 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37262, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-14T18:10:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-14T13:10:24Z", "ms": -201437375608.71057 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-15T16:26:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-15T11:26:49Z", "ms": -201357190530.8241 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-14T18:10:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-14T13:10:24Z", "ms": -201437375608.71057 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-15T16:26:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-15T11:26:49Z", "ms": -201357190530.8241 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-14T06:05:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-14T01:05:21Z", "ms": -201480878765.7321 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-14T06:05:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-14T01:05:21Z", "ms": -201480878765.7321 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-15T06:05:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-15T01:05:47Z", "ms": -201394452623.51385 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-15T06:05:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-15T01:05:47Z", "ms": -201394452623.51385 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:10 on Wed 14 Aug to 16:27 on Thu 15 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-14T13:10:24Z → 1963-08-15T11:26:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 14th and 06:06 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37262 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ajā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Thursday 15 August. Ekādaśī runs from 18:10 on Wed 14 Aug to 16:27 on Thu 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-08-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14854, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-16T14:58:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-16T09:58:33Z", "ms": -201276087024.59045 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-16T14:58:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-16T09:58:33Z", "ms": -201276087024.59045 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-16T19:06:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-16T14:06:06Z", "ms": -201261233516.28802 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-16T20:34:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-16T15:34:11Z", "ms": -201255949167.59998 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T19:05:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T14:05:16Z", "ms": -201174883580.25156 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-17T20:33:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T15:33:31Z", "ms": -201169589147.34988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:59 on Fri 16 Aug to 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-16T09:58:33Z → 1963-08-17T08:48:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:06–20:34 on the 16th, 19:05–20:34 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 88 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14854 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Friday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Friday 16 August. Trayodaśī runs from 14:59 on Fri 16 Aug to 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T12:59:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T07:59:07Z", "ms": -201110452956.73764 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T12:59:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T07:59:07Z", "ms": -201110452956.73764 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T19:05:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T14:05:16Z", "ms": -201174883580.25156 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-17T20:33:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T15:33:31Z", "ms": -201169589147.34988 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-18T19:04:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T14:04:26Z", "ms": -201088534457.9953 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T20:32:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T15:32:50Z", "ms": -201083229859.47916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug to 12:59 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z → 1963-08-18T07:59:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:34 on the 17th, 19:04–20:33 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 88 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aghora Caturdaśī 1963 falls on Saturday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug to 12:59 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-08-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37434, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T12:59:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T07:59:07Z", "ms": -201110452956.73764 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-17T13:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z", "ms": -201193903440.962 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T12:59:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T07:59:07Z", "ms": -201110452956.73764 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-18T00:12:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T19:12:11Z", "ms": -201156469456.8703 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-18T01:00:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-17T20:00:11Z", "ms": -201153589456.8703 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-19T00:11:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T19:11:58Z", "ms": -201070082213.55975 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-19T00:59:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-18T19:59:58Z", "ms": -201067202213.55975 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug to 12:59 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-17T08:48:17Z → 1963-08-18T07:59:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:12–01:00 on the 17th, 00:12–01:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37434 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Saturday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:48 on Sat 17 Aug to 12:59 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-19T12:34:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-19T07:34:30Z", "ms": -201025530370.02133 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-20T12:37:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-20T07:37:47Z", "ms": -200938933448.45673 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-19T12:34:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-19T07:34:30Z", "ms": -201025530370.02133 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-20T12:37:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-20T07:37:47Z", "ms": -200938933448.45673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-19T12:11:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-19T07:11:32Z", "ms": -201026908050.24942 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-19T12:59:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-19T07:59:32Z", "ms": -201024028050.24942 } }, "covered_min": 25, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-20T12:11:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-20T07:11:18Z", "ms": -200940521697.23676 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-20T12:59:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-20T07:59:18Z", "ms": -200937641697.23676 } }, "covered_min": 26, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:34 on Mon 19 Aug to 12:38 on Tue 20 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-19T07:34:30Z → 1963-08-20T07:37:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 19th, 12:11–12:59 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 25 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 26 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rudra Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 19 August. Pratipadā runs from 12:34 on Mon 19 Aug to 12:38 on Tue 20 Aug and covers 25 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 26 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 756, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-08-21T13:11:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-21T08:11:40Z", "ms": -200850499601.67914 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-22T14:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T09:17:24Z", "ms": -200760156000.8678 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-21T13:11:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-21T08:11:40Z", "ms": -200850499601.67914 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-22T14:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T09:17:24Z", "ms": -200760156000.8678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-21T12:11:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-21T07:11:04Z", "ms": -200854135828.85278 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-21T12:59:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-21T07:59:04Z", "ms": -200851255828.85278 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-22T12:10:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T07:10:50Z", "ms": -200767750436.24622 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-22T12:58:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T07:58:50Z", "ms": -200764870436.24622 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:12 on Wed 21 Aug to 14:17 on Thu 22 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-21T08:11:40Z → 1963-08-22T09:17:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 21st, 12:11–12:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 756 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1963 falls on Thursday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:12 on Wed 21 Aug to 14:17 on Thu 22 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-22T14:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T09:17:24Z", "ms": -200760156000.8678 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-23T15:53:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T10:53:43Z", "ms": -200667976739.26303 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-22T14:17:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T09:17:24Z", "ms": -200760156000.8678 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-23T15:53:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T10:53:43Z", "ms": -200667976739.26303 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-22T12:10:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T07:10:50Z", "ms": -200767750436.24622 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-22T12:58:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-22T07:58:50Z", "ms": -200764870436.24622 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-23T12:10:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T07:10:34Z", "ms": -200681365509.52362 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-23T12:58:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T07:58:34Z", "ms": -200678485509.52362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:17 on Thu 22 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 23 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-22T09:17:24Z → 1963-08-23T10:53:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 22nd, 12:11–12:59 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1963 falls on Friday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 14:17 on Thu 22 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-23T15:53:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T10:53:43Z", "ms": -200667976739.26303 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-24T17:56:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T12:56:06Z", "ms": -200574234032.24084 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-23T15:53:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T10:53:43Z", "ms": -200667976739.26303 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-24T17:56:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T12:56:06Z", "ms": -200574234032.24084 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-23T12:10:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T07:10:34Z", "ms": -200681365509.52362 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-23T12:58:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-23T07:58:34Z", "ms": -200678485509.52362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-24T12:10:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T07:10:19Z", "ms": -200594981037.76184 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-24T12:58:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T07:58:19Z", "ms": -200592101037.76184 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:54 on Fri 23 Aug to 17:56 on Sat 24 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-23T10:53:43Z → 1963-08-24T12:56:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 10509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1963 falls on Saturday 24 August. Pañcamī runs from 15:54 on Fri 23 Aug to 17:56 on Sat 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-24T17:56:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T12:56:06Z", "ms": -200574234032.24084 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-25T20:16:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T15:16:16Z", "ms": -200479423967.79498 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-24T17:56:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T12:56:06Z", "ms": -200574234032.24084 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-25T20:16:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T15:16:16Z", "ms": -200479423967.79498 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-24T12:10:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T07:10:19Z", "ms": -200594981037.76184 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-24T12:58:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-24T07:58:19Z", "ms": -200592101037.76184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-25T12:10:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T07:10:03Z", "ms": -200508597009.05536 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-25T12:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T07:58:03Z", "ms": -200505717009.05536 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:56 on Sat 24 Aug to 20:16 on Sun 25 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-24T12:56:06Z → 1963-08-25T15:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 24th, 12:10–12:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Karachi, 1963: Sunday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1963 falls on Sunday 25 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:56 on Sat 24 Aug to 20:16 on Sun 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-25T20:16:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T15:16:16Z", "ms": -200479423967.79498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-26T22:42:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T17:42:34Z", "ms": -200384246385.80664 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-25T20:16:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T15:16:16Z", "ms": -200479423967.79498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-26T22:42:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T17:42:34Z", "ms": -200384246385.80664 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-25T12:10:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T07:10:03Z", "ms": -200508597009.05536 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-25T12:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-25T07:58:03Z", "ms": -200505717009.05536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-26T12:09:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T07:09:47Z", "ms": -200422213410.56842 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-26T12:57:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T07:57:47Z", "ms": -200419333410.56842 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 20:16 on Sun 25 Aug to 22:43 on Mon 26 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-25T15:16:16Z → 1963-08-26T17:42:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:10–12:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 26 August. Saptamī runs from 20:16 on Sun 25 Aug to 22:43 on Mon 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35087, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-26T22:42:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T17:42:34Z", "ms": -200384246385.80664 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-28T01:01:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-27T20:01:11Z", "ms": -200289529149.87836 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-26T22:42:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T17:42:34Z", "ms": -200384246385.80664 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-28T01:01:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-27T20:01:11Z", "ms": -200289529149.87836 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-26T12:09:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T07:09:47Z", "ms": -200422213410.56842 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-26T12:57:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-26T07:57:47Z", "ms": -200419333410.56842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-27T12:09:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-27T07:09:30Z", "ms": -200335830228.58105 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-27T12:57:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-27T07:57:30Z", "ms": -200332950228.58105 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:43 on Mon 26 Aug to 01:01 on Wed 28 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-26T17:42:34Z → 1963-08-27T20:01:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 26th, 12:09–12:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35087 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rādhāṣṭamī 1963 falls on Tuesday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:43 on Mon 26 Aug to 01:01 on Wed 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-30T04:21:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-29T23:21:37Z", "ms": -200104702764.14102 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-31T05:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T00:03:12Z", "ms": -200015807924.04193 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-30T04:21:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-29T23:21:37Z", "ms": -200104702764.14102 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-31T05:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T00:03:12Z", "ms": -200015807924.04193 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-30T06:11:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-30T01:11:55Z", "ms": -200098084851.72992 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-30T06:11:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-30T01:11:55Z", "ms": -200098084851.72992 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-31T06:12:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T01:12:18Z", "ms": -200011661947.91992 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-31T06:12:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T01:12:18Z", "ms": -200011661947.91992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:22 on Fri 30 Aug to 05:03 on Sat 31 Aug.", "fact": "1963-08-29T23:21:37Z → 1963-08-31T00:03:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 30th and 06:12 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Friday 30 August. Ekādaśī runs from 04:22 on Fri 30 Aug to 05:03 on Sat 31 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25507, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-08-31T05:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T00:03:12Z", "ms": -200015807924.04193 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-01T04:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T23:59:03Z", "ms": -199929656668.83636 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-08-31T05:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T00:03:12Z", "ms": -200015807924.04193 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-01T04:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T23:59:03Z", "ms": -199929656668.83636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-31T12:08:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T07:08:19Z", "ms": -199990301361.01886 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-31T12:56:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T07:56:19Z", "ms": -199987421361.01886 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-01T12:08:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T07:08:00Z", "ms": -199903920025.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-01T12:56:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T07:56:00Z", "ms": -199901040025.1477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:03 on Sat 31 Aug to 04:59 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "1963-08-31T00:03:12Z → 1963-08-31T23:59:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 31st, 12:08–12:56 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25507 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vāmana Jayantī 1963 falls on Saturday 31 August. Dvādaśī runs from 05:03 on Sat 31 Aug to 04:59 on Sun 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-01T04:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T23:59:03Z", "ms": -199929656668.83636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-02T04:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T23:09:37Z", "ms": -199846223092.0767 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-01T04:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T23:59:03Z", "ms": -199929656668.83636 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-02T04:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T23:09:37Z", "ms": -199846223092.0767 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-08-31T18:52:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T13:52:19Z", "ms": -199966060774.11783 }, "end": { "local": "1963-08-31T20:23:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-08-31T15:23:02Z", "ms": -199960617899.59808 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-01T18:51:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T13:51:19Z", "ms": -199879720835.07562 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-01T20:22:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T15:22:13Z", "ms": -199874266942.74802 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:59 on Sun 1 Sep to 04:10 on Mon 2 Sep.", "fact": "1963-08-31T23:59:03Z → 1963-09-01T23:09:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:23 on the 31st, 18:51–20:22 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 91 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Sunday 1 September. Trayodaśī runs from 04:59 on Sun 1 Sep to 04:10 on Mon 2 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7406, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-02T04:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T23:09:37Z", "ms": -199846223092.0767 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-03T02:38:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-02T21:38:53Z", "ms": -199765266504.7979 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-02T04:09:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-01T23:09:37Z", "ms": -199846223092.0767 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-03T02:38:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-02T21:38:53Z", "ms": -199765266504.7979 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-02T06:13:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-02T01:13:03Z", "ms": -199838816642.61868 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-02T08:44:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-02T03:44:30Z", "ms": -199829729587.4168 } }, "covered_min": 151, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-03T06:13:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-03T01:13:26Z", "ms": -199752394217.61707 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-03T08:44:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-03T03:44:36Z", "ms": -199743323842.20554 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:10 on Mon 2 Sep to 02:39 on Tue 3 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-01T23:09:37Z → 1963-09-02T21:38:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:13–08:45 on the 2nd, 06:13–08:45 on the 3rd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 151 of 151 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 151 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7406 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ananta Caturdaśī 1963 falls on Monday 2 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:10 on Mon 2 Sep to 02:39 on Tue 3 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-09-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-06T16:15:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-06T11:15:08Z", "ms": -199457091754.58258 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-07T13:18:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T08:18:13Z", "ms": -199381306709.57788 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-06T16:15:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-06T11:15:08Z", "ms": -199457091754.58258 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-07T13:18:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T08:18:13Z", "ms": -199381306709.57788 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-06T20:55:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-06T15:55:50Z", "ms": -199440250377.7225 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-06T20:55:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-06T15:55:50Z", "ms": -199440250377.7225 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-07T21:37:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T16:37:51Z", "ms": -199351328621.32974 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-07T21:37:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T16:37:51Z", "ms": -199351328621.32974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:15 on Fri 6 Sep to 13:18 on Sat 7 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-06T11:15:08Z → 1963-09-07T08:18:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:56 on the 6th and 21:38 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Friday 6 September. Caturthī runs from 16:15 on Fri 6 Sep to 13:18 on Sat 7 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-09-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-08T10:29:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-08T05:29:32Z", "ms": -199305027683.02887 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-09T07:55:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T02:55:32Z", "ms": -199227868232.531 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-08T10:29:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-08T05:29:32Z", "ms": -199305027683.02887 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-09T07:55:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T02:55:32Z", "ms": -199227868232.531 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-07T21:37:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T16:37:51Z", "ms": -199351328621.32974 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-07T21:37:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-07T16:37:51Z", "ms": -199351328621.32974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-08T22:21:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-08T17:21:59Z", "ms": -199262281178.19968 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-08T22:21:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-08T17:21:59Z", "ms": -199262281178.19968 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:30 on Sun 8 Sep to 07:56 on Mon 9 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-08T05:29:32Z → 1963-09-09T02:55:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:38 on the 7th and 22:22 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1963 falls on Sunday 8 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:30 on Sun 8 Sep to 07:56 on Mon 9 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T05:41:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z", "ms": -199149537986.5565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-11T03:49:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T22:49:10Z", "ms": -199069849930.12393 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T05:41:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z", "ms": -199149537986.5565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-11T03:49:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T22:49:10Z", "ms": -199069849930.12393 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-09T18:43:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T13:43:04Z", "ms": -199189015875.0816 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-09T20:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T15:15:28Z", "ms": -199183472439.69867 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T18:42:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T13:42:01Z", "ms": -199102679151.49448 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-10T20:14:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T15:14:36Z", "ms": -199097124374.22662 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:41 on Tue 10 Sep to 03:49 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z → 1963-09-10T22:49:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:15 on the 9th, 18:42–20:15 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 9th and 93 of 93 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1963 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:41 on Tue 10 Sep to 03:49 on Wed 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13752, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T05:41:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z", "ms": -199149537986.5565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-11T03:49:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T22:49:10Z", "ms": -199069849930.12393 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T05:41:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z", "ms": -199149537986.5565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-11T03:49:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T22:49:10Z", "ms": -199069849930.12393 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-09T23:09:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T18:09:10Z", "ms": -199173050175.12064 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-09T23:09:10+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-09T18:09:10Z", "ms": -199173050175.12064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-10T23:59:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T18:59:58Z", "ms": -199083601986.27115 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-10T23:59:58+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-10T18:59:58Z", "ms": -199083601986.27115 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:41 on Tue 10 Sep to 03:49 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-10T00:41:02Z → 1963-09-10T22:49:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:09 on the 9th and 00:00 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13752 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1963 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:41 on Tue 10 Sep to 03:49 on Wed 11 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17945, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-13T01:18:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-12T20:18:01Z", "ms": -198906119295.42734 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-14T00:38:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-13T19:38:23Z", "ms": -198822096624.9816 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-13T01:18:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-12T20:18:01Z", "ms": -198906119295.42734 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-14T00:38:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-13T19:38:23Z", "ms": -198822096624.9816 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-13T06:17:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-13T01:17:05Z", "ms": -198888174788.96857 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-13T06:17:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-13T01:17:05Z", "ms": -198888174788.96857 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-14T06:17:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T01:17:27Z", "ms": -198801753022.4693 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-14T06:17:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T01:17:27Z", "ms": -198801753022.4693 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:18 on Fri 13 Sep to 00:38 on Sat 14 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-12T20:18:01Z → 1963-09-13T19:38:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:17 on the 13th and 06:17 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17945 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Indirā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Friday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 01:18 on Fri 13 Sep to 00:38 on Sat 14 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15046, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-15T00:21:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T19:21:53Z", "ms": -198736687489.80746 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:28:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:28:09Z", "ms": -198649911115.82202 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-15T00:21:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T19:21:53Z", "ms": -198736687489.80746 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:28:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:28:09Z", "ms": -198649911115.82202 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-14T18:37:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T13:37:46Z", "ms": -198757334219.56894 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-14T20:11:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-14T15:11:06Z", "ms": -198751733822.7088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-15T18:36:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T13:36:42Z", "ms": -198670998357.90698 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-15T20:10:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T15:10:13Z", "ms": -198665386502.37234 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Sun 15 Sep to 00:28 on Mon 16 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-14T19:21:53Z → 1963-09-15T19:28:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:11 on the 14th, 18:37–20:10 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 14th and 94 of 94 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15046 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Sunday 15 September. Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Sun 15 Sep to 00:28 on Mon 16 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-09-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:28:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:28:09Z", "ms": -198649911115.82202 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:57:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:57:30Z", "ms": -198561750162.45016 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:28:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:28:09Z", "ms": -198649911115.82202 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:57:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:57:30Z", "ms": -198561750162.45016 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:03:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:03:26Z", "ms": -198651393899.6521 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-16T00:51:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-15T19:51:26Z", "ms": -198648513899.6521 } }, "covered_min": 23, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:03:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:03:05Z", "ms": -198565015103.0521 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:51:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:51:05Z", "ms": -198562135103.0521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Mon 16 Sep to 00:57 on Tue 17 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-15T19:28:09Z → 1963-09-16T19:57:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:03–00:51 on the 15th, 00:03–00:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 23 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Monday 16 September. Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Mon 16 Sep to 00:57 on Tue 17 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 23 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:57:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:57:30Z", "ms": -198561750162.45016 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-18T01:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T20:50:43Z", "ms": -198472157416.6468 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-17T00:57:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T19:57:30Z", "ms": -198561750162.45016 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-18T01:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T20:50:43Z", "ms": -198472157416.6468 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-16T13:40:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T08:40:39Z", "ms": -198602361335.56482 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-16T16:08:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-16T11:08:08Z", "ms": -198593511966.954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-17T13:40:09+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T08:40:09Z", "ms": -198515991193.86588 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-17T16:07:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T11:07:21Z", "ms": -198507159055.90085 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 00:57 on Tue 17 Sep to 01:51 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-16T19:57:30Z → 1963-09-17T20:50:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:41–16:08 on the 16th, 13:40–16:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 147 minutes on the 16th and 147 of 147 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1963 falls on Tuesday 17 September. Amāvasyā runs from 00:57 on Tue 17 Sep to 01:51 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31996, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-09-18T01:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T20:50:43Z", "ms": -198472157416.6468 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-19T03:08:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-18T22:08:35Z", "ms": -198381085481.58954 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-18T01:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-17T20:50:43Z", "ms": -198472157416.6468 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-19T03:08:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-18T22:08:35Z", "ms": -198381085481.58954 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-18T12:02:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-18T07:02:11Z", "ms": -198435468513.05365 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-18T12:50:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-18T07:50:11Z", "ms": -198432588513.05365 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-19T12:01:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-19T07:01:50Z", "ms": -198349089753.82062 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-19T12:49:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-19T07:49:50Z", "ms": -198346209753.82062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:51 on Wed 18 Sep to 03:09 on Thu 19 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-17T20:50:43Z → 1963-09-18T22:08:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 18th, 12:02–12:50 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1963 falls on Wednesday 18 September. Pratipadā runs from 01:51 on Wed 18 Sep to 03:09 on Thu 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-09-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-21T06:56:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-21T01:56:17Z", "ms": -198194623044.3554 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-22T09:19:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-22T04:19:31Z", "ms": -198099628628.03348 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-21T06:56:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-21T01:56:17Z", "ms": -198194623044.3554 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-22T09:19:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-22T04:19:31Z", "ms": -198099628628.03348 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-21T12:01:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-21T07:01:08Z", "ms": -198176332138.53534 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-21T12:49:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-21T07:49:08Z", "ms": -198173452138.53534 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-22T12:00:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-22T07:00:47Z", "ms": -198089953247.18323 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-22T12:48:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-22T07:48:47Z", "ms": -198087073247.18323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:56 on Sat 21 Sep to 09:20 on Sun 22 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-21T01:56:17Z → 1963-09-22T04:19:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 21st, 12:01–12:49 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Saturday 21 September. Caturthī runs from 06:56 on Sat 21 Sep to 09:20 on Sun 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26075, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-24T14:24:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-24T09:24:06Z", "ms": -197908554053.4475 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-25T16:40:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T11:40:20Z", "ms": -197813979709.21036 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-24T14:24:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-24T09:24:06Z", "ms": -197908554053.4475 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-25T16:40:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T11:40:20Z", "ms": -197813979709.21036 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-24T06:21:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-24T01:21:07Z", "ms": -197937533018.11755 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-24T07:09:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-24T02:09:31Z", "ms": -197934629309.77527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-25T06:21:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T01:21:29Z", "ms": -197851110548.43008 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-25T07:09:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T02:09:47Z", "ms": -197848212610.95627 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:24 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:40 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-24T09:24:06Z → 1963-09-25T11:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–07:10 on the 24th, 06:21–07:10 on the 25th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26075 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Saptamī 1963 falls on Wednesday 25 September. Saptamī runs from 14:24 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:40 on Wed 25 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13956, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-25T16:40:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T11:40:20Z", "ms": -197813979709.21036 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-26T18:27:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T13:27:30Z", "ms": -197721149739.74274 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-25T16:40:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T11:40:20Z", "ms": -197813979709.21036 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-26T18:27:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T13:27:30Z", "ms": -197721149739.74274 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-25T11:59:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T06:59:44Z", "ms": -197830816017.37634 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-25T12:47:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-25T07:47:44Z", "ms": -197827936017.37634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-26T11:59:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T06:59:23Z", "ms": -197744436691.6443 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-26T12:47:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T07:47:23Z", "ms": -197741556691.6443 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:40 on Wed 25 Sep to 18:28 on Thu 26 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-25T11:40:20Z → 1963-09-26T13:27:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 25th, 11:59–12:47 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13956 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1963 falls on Thursday 26 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:40 on Wed 25 Sep to 18:28 on Thu 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20407, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-26T18:27:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T13:27:30Z", "ms": -197721149739.74274 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-27T19:33:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-27T14:33:50Z", "ms": -197630770157.80035 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-26T18:27:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T13:27:30Z", "ms": -197721149739.74274 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-27T19:33:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-27T14:33:50Z", "ms": -197630770157.80035 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-26T11:59:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T06:59:23Z", "ms": -197744436691.6443 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-26T12:47:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-26T07:47:23Z", "ms": -197741556691.6443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-27T11:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-27T06:59:03Z", "ms": -197658057208.2747 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-27T12:47:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-27T07:47:03Z", "ms": -197655177208.2747 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 18:28 on Thu 26 Sep to 19:34 on Fri 27 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-26T13:27:30Z → 1963-09-27T14:33:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 26th, 11:59–12:47 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20407 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahānavamī 1963 falls on Friday 27 September. Navamī runs from 18:28 on Thu 26 Sep to 19:34 on Fri 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-27T19:33:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-27T14:33:50Z", "ms": -197630770157.80035 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-28T19:51:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T14:51:26Z", "ms": -197543314131.0376 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1963-09-28T17:15:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T12:15:25Z", "ms": -197552675008.66653 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-28T19:51:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T14:51:26Z", "ms": -197543314131.0376 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1963-09-28T17:15:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T12:15:25Z", "ms": -197552675008.66653 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-29T17:26:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T12:26:31Z", "ms": -197465608772.44492 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-28T06:22:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T01:22:38Z", "ms": -197591842285.42944 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-28T18:22:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T13:22:47Z", "ms": -197548632807.83963 } }, "covered_min": 67, "window_min": 720, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-29T06:23:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T01:23:01Z", "ms": -197505419199.75385 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-29T18:21:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T13:21:44Z", "ms": -197462296171.11432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 719, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 19:34 on Fri 27 Sep to 19:51 on Sat 28 Sep, and Śravaṇa from 17:15 on Sat 28 Sep to 17:27 on Sun 29 Sep. They are together from 17:15 on Sat 28 Sep to 19:51 on Sat 28 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-28T12:15:25Z → 1963-09-28T14:51:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:23–18:23 on the 28th, 06:23–18:22 on the 29th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 67 of 720 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 719 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1963 falls on Saturday 28 September. Daśamī runs from 19:34 on Fri 27 Sep to 19:51 on Sat 28 Sep and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 67 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-09-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-28T19:51:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T14:51:26Z", "ms": -197543314131.0376 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-29T19:17:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T14:17:11Z", "ms": -197458969146.58044 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-28T19:51:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-28T14:51:26Z", "ms": -197543314131.0376 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-29T19:17:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T14:17:11Z", "ms": -197458969146.58044 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-29T06:23:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T01:23:01Z", "ms": -197505419199.75385 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-29T06:23:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-29T01:23:01Z", "ms": -197505419199.75385 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-30T06:23:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T01:23:24Z", "ms": -197418995923.25226 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-30T06:23:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T01:23:24Z", "ms": -197418995923.25226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:51 on Sat 28 Sep to 19:17 on Sun 29 Sep.", "fact": "1963-09-28T14:51:26Z → 1963-09-29T14:17:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:23 on the 29th and 06:23 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 29 September. Ekādaśī runs from 19:51 on Sat 28 Sep to 19:17 on Sun 29 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1684, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-09-30T17:52:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T12:52:37Z", "ms": -197377643396.9847 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-01T15:43:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-01T10:43:07Z", "ms": -197299013100.36746 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-09-30T17:52:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T12:52:37Z", "ms": -197377643396.9847 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-01T15:43:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-01T10:43:07Z", "ms": -197299013100.36746 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-09-30T18:20:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T13:20:41Z", "ms": -197375959281.96277 }, "end": { "local": "1963-09-30T19:57:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-09-30T14:57:06Z", "ms": -197370174369.61884 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-01T18:19:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-01T13:19:38Z", "ms": -197289622111.04617 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-01T19:56:14+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-01T14:56:14Z", "ms": -197283825660.29846 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:53 on Mon 30 Sep to 15:43 on Tue 1 Oct.", "fact": "1963-09-30T12:52:37Z → 1963-10-01T10:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–19:57 on the 30th, 18:20–19:56 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 97 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1684 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 30 September. Trayodaśī runs from 17:53 on Mon 30 Sep to 15:43 on Tue 1 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3797, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T23:12:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z", "ms": -196926438301.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T19:59:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T14:59:44Z", "ms": -196851616303.48694 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T23:12:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z", "ms": -196926438301.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T19:59:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T14:59:44Z", "ms": -196851616303.48694 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T20:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T15:15:28Z", "ms": -196937072107.67728 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-05T20:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T15:15:28Z", "ms": -196937072107.67728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-06T21:03:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T16:03:00Z", "ms": -196847819728.31854 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T21:03:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T16:03:00Z", "ms": -196847819728.31854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:13 on Sat 5 Oct to 20:00 on Sun 6 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z → 1963-10-06T14:59:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:15 on the 5th and 21:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 3797 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1963 falls on Saturday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 23:13 on Sat 5 Oct to 20:00 on Sun 6 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-10-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3797, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T23:12:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z", "ms": -196926438301.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T19:59:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T14:59:44Z", "ms": -196851616303.48694 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T23:12:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z", "ms": -196926438301.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T19:59:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T14:59:44Z", "ms": -196851616303.48694 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-05T20:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T15:15:28Z", "ms": -196937072107.67728 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-05T20:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-05T15:15:28Z", "ms": -196937072107.67728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-06T21:03:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T16:03:00Z", "ms": -196847819728.31854 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-06T21:03:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-06T16:03:00Z", "ms": -196847819728.31854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:13 on Sat 5 Oct to 20:00 on Sun 6 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-05T18:12:42Z → 1963-10-06T14:59:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:15 on the 5th and 21:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3797 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Saturday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 23:13 on Sat 5 Oct to 20:00 on Sun 6 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-09T13:06:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-09T08:06:03Z", "ms": -196617237046.91507 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-10T11:57:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-10T06:57:00Z", "ms": -196534979775.25644 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-09T13:06:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-09T08:06:03Z", "ms": -196617237046.91507 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-10T11:57:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-10T06:57:00Z", "ms": -196534979775.25644 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-09T23:46:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-09T18:46:01Z", "ms": -196578839449.42923 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-09T23:46:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-09T18:46:01Z", "ms": -196578839449.42923 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-11T00:44:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-10T19:44:31Z", "ms": -196488928825.14603 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-11T00:44:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-10T19:44:31Z", "ms": -196488928825.14603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:06 on Wed 9 Oct to 11:57 on Thu 10 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-09T08:06:03Z → 1963-10-10T06:57:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:46 on the 9th and 00:45 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1963 falls on Wednesday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:06 on Wed 9 Oct to 11:57 on Thu 10 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-10-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17672, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-12T11:22:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-12T06:22:56Z", "ms": -196364223505.00745 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-13T11:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T06:52:11Z", "ms": -196276069196.14905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-12T11:22:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-12T06:22:56Z", "ms": -196364223505.00745 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-13T11:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T06:52:11Z", "ms": -196276069196.14905 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-12T06:28:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-12T01:28:25Z", "ms": -196381895211.11722 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-12T06:28:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-12T01:28:25Z", "ms": -196381895211.11722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-13T06:28:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T01:28:52Z", "ms": -196295467885.038 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-13T06:28:52+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T01:28:52Z", "ms": -196295467885.038 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:23 on Sat 12 Oct to 11:52 on Sun 13 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-12T06:22:56Z → 1963-10-13T06:52:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:28 on the 12th and 06:29 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17672 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ramā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Sunday 13 October. Ekādaśī runs from 11:23 on Sat 12 Oct to 11:52 on Sun 13 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19148, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-13T11:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T06:52:11Z", "ms": -196276069196.14905 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-13T11:52:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T06:52:11Z", "ms": -196276069196.14905 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-13T18:07:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T13:07:37Z", "ms": -196253543196.52856 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-13T19:46:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-13T14:46:31Z", "ms": -196247609458.0952 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T18:06:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T13:06:40Z", "ms": -196167199691.2828 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-14T19:45:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T14:45:45Z", "ms": -196161254668.98233 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:52 on Sun 13 Oct to 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-13T06:52:11Z → 1963-10-14T07:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:08–19:47 on the 13th, 18:07–19:46 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 99 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19148 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1963 falls on Sunday 13 October. Dvādaśī runs from 11:52 on Sun 13 Oct to 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T18:06:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T13:06:40Z", "ms": -196167199691.2828 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-14T19:45:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T14:45:45Z", "ms": -196161254668.98233 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T18:05:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T13:05:44Z", "ms": -196080855511.87805 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T19:45:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T14:45:01Z", "ms": -196074899240.46008 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct to 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z → 1963-10-15T09:05:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:46 on the 14th, 18:06–19:45 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Karachi, 1963: Monday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dīpadāna 1963 falls on Monday 14 October. Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct to 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-10-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T12:47:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z", "ms": -196186347243.76498 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-14T18:06:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T13:06:40Z", "ms": -196167199691.2828 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-14T19:45:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T14:45:45Z", "ms": -196161254668.98233 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T18:05:44+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T13:05:44Z", "ms": -196080855511.87805 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T19:45:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T14:45:01Z", "ms": -196074899240.46008 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct to 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-14T07:47:33Z → 1963-10-15T09:05:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:46 on the 14th, 18:06–19:45 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Monday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Monday 14 October. Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 14 Oct to 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-10-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29333, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T23:54:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T18:54:01Z", "ms": -196059959494.06073 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T00:42:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T19:42:01Z", "ms": -196057079494.06073 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T23:53:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T18:53:47Z", "ms": -195973572571.78323 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T00:41:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T19:41:47Z", "ms": -195970692571.78323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct to 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z → 1963-10-16T10:44:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 15th, 23:54–00:42 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29333 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Tuesday 15 October. Caturdaśī runs from 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct to 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27367, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T14:05:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z", "ms": -196095244928.5702 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-15T04:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-14T23:50:43Z", "ms": -196128557046.3298 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-15T06:29:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T01:29:48Z", "ms": -196122612024.02933 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T04:51:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-15T23:51:00Z", "ms": -196042139747.66135 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T06:30:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T01:30:17Z", "ms": -196036183476.24338 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct to 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-15T09:05:55Z → 1963-10-16T10:44:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:51–06:30 on the 15th, 04:51–06:30 on the 16th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 15th and 99 of 99 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27367 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1963 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 14:06 on Tue 15 Oct to 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T17:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T12:42:40Z", "ms": -195909440439.2278 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T17:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T12:42:40Z", "ms": -195909440439.2278 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T18:04:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T13:04:49Z", "ms": -195994510633.9983 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-16T19:44:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T14:44:17Z", "ms": -195988543150.74094 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-17T18:03:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T13:03:55Z", "ms": -195908165033.4575 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T19:43:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T14:43:34Z", "ms": -195902186378.2355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct to 17:43 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z → 1963-10-17T12:42:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:44 on the 16th, 18:04–19:44 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 100 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1963 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Amāvasyā runs from 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct to 17:43 on Thu 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22255, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T17:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T12:42:40Z", "ms": -195909440439.2278 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T15:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z", "ms": -196002905403.9881 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T17:42:40+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T12:42:40Z", "ms": -195909440439.2278 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-16T23:53:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T18:53:47Z", "ms": -195973572571.78323 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-17T00:41:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-16T19:41:47Z", "ms": -195970692571.78323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-17T23:53:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T18:53:35Z", "ms": -195887185076.375 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-18T00:41:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-17T19:41:35Z", "ms": -195884305076.375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct to 17:43 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-16T10:44:55Z → 1963-10-17T12:42:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 16th, 23:54–00:42 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22255 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kālī Pūjā 1963 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Amāvasyā runs from 15:45 on Wed 16 Oct to 17:43 on Thu 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-10-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-21T01:02:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-20T20:02:21Z", "ms": -195623858500.35846 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-22T03:40:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-21T22:40:17Z", "ms": -195527983196.38443 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-21T01:02:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-20T20:02:21Z", "ms": -195623858500.35846 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-22T03:40:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-21T22:40:17Z", "ms": -195527983196.38443 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-21T11:52:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-21T06:52:35Z", "ms": -195584844644.79077 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-21T12:40:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-21T07:40:35Z", "ms": -195581964644.79077 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-22T11:52:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-22T06:52:26Z", "ms": -195498454295.9477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-22T12:40:26+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-22T07:40:26Z", "ms": -195495574295.9477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:02 on Mon 21 Oct to 03:40 on Tue 22 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-20T20:02:21Z → 1963-10-21T22:40:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 21st, 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Monday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 01:02 on Mon 21 Oct to 03:40 on Tue 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-10-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4789, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-28T09:42:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-28T04:42:37Z", "ms": -194987842929.64743 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-29T07:56:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T02:56:56Z", "ms": -194907783854.7249 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-28T09:42:37+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-28T04:42:37Z", "ms": -194987842929.64743 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-29T07:56:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T02:56:56Z", "ms": -194907783854.7249 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-28T06:36:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-28T01:36:33Z", "ms": -194999007255.59323 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-28T06:36:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-28T01:36:33Z", "ms": -194999007255.59323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-29T06:37:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T01:37:07Z", "ms": -194912573035.68918 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-29T06:37:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T01:37:07Z", "ms": -194912573035.68918 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:43 on Mon 28 Oct to 07:57 on Tue 29 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-28T04:42:37Z → 1963-10-29T02:56:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:37 on the 28th and 06:37 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4789 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Tuesday 29 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:43 on Mon 28 Oct to 07:57 on Tue 29 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-10-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-10-30T05:26:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T00:26:00Z", "ms": -194830440251.80466 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-31T02:18:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T21:18:21Z", "ms": -194755298878.36487 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-10-30T05:26:00+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T00:26:00Z", "ms": -194830440251.80466 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-31T02:18:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T21:18:21Z", "ms": -194755298878.36487 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-29T17:54:07+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T12:54:07Z", "ms": -194871952575.66556 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-29T19:35:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-29T14:35:56Z", "ms": -194865844014.71616 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-10-30T17:53:25+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T12:53:25Z", "ms": -194785595338.565 }, "end": { "local": "1963-10-30T19:35:24+05:00", "utc": "1963-10-30T14:35:24Z", "ms": -194779476393.6865 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:26 on Wed 30 Oct to 02:18 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1963-10-30T00:26:00Z → 1963-10-30T21:18:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:54–19:36 on the 29th, 17:53–19:35 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 29th and 102 of 102 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:26 on Wed 30 Oct to 02:18 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-11-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-04T07:50:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T02:50:49Z", "ms": -194389751140.67477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-05T04:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T23:52:03Z", "ms": -194314077188.70822 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-04T07:50:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T02:50:49Z", "ms": -194389751140.67477 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-05T04:52:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T23:52:03Z", "ms": -194314077188.70822 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-03T19:41:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-03T14:41:32Z", "ms": -194433507974.78763 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-03T19:41:32+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-03T14:41:32Z", "ms": -194433507974.78763 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-04T20:36:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T15:36:46Z", "ms": -194343794100.1188 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-04T20:36:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-04T15:36:46Z", "ms": -194343794100.1188 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Mon 4 Nov to 04:52 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-04T02:50:49Z → 1963-11-04T23:52:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:42 on the 3rd and 20:37 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Monday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Mon 4 Nov to 04:52 on Tue 5 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-11-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14825, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-11T01:05:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-10T20:05:30Z", "ms": -193809270005.39117 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-12T02:38:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-11T21:38:48Z", "ms": -193717272090.21857 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-11T01:05:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-10T20:05:30Z", "ms": -193809270005.39117 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-12T02:38:48+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-11T21:38:48Z", "ms": -193717272090.21857 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-11T06:45:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-11T01:45:13Z", "ms": -193788887295.29813 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-11T06:45:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-11T01:45:13Z", "ms": -193788887295.29813 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-12T06:45:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T01:45:53Z", "ms": -193702446953.22888 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-12T06:45:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T01:45:53Z", "ms": -193702446953.22888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Mon 11 Nov to 02:39 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-10T20:05:30Z → 1963-11-11T21:38:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 11th and 06:46 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14825 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Monday 11 November. Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Mon 11 Nov to 02:39 on Tue 12 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-11-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-11-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32732, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-13T04:35:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T23:35:33Z", "ms": -193623866714.41037 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-14T06:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T01:49:46Z", "ms": -193529414129.91748 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-13T04:35:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T23:35:33Z", "ms": -193623866714.41037 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-14T06:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T01:49:46Z", "ms": -193529414129.91748 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-12T17:45:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T12:45:56Z", "ms": -193662843784.72598 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-12T19:30:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-12T14:30:01Z", "ms": -193656598780.08487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-13T17:45:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-13T12:45:31Z", "ms": -193576469217.82788 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-13T19:29:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-13T14:29:45Z", "ms": -193570215349.51117 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:36 on Wed 13 Nov to 06:50 on Thu 14 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-12T23:35:33Z → 1963-11-14T01:49:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:46–19:30 on the 12th, 17:46–19:30 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 12th and 104 of 104 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32732 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Trayodaśī runs from 04:36 on Wed 13 Nov to 06:50 on Thu 14 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-11-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22163, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-14T06:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T01:49:46Z", "ms": -193529414129.91748 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-15T09:16:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-15T04:16:13Z", "ms": -193434227300.47568 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-14T06:49:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T01:49:46Z", "ms": -193529414129.91748 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-15T09:16:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-15T04:16:13Z", "ms": -193434227300.47568 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-13T23:52:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-13T18:52:23Z", "ms": -193554457211.6402 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-14T00:40:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-13T19:40:23Z", "ms": -193551577211.6402 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-14T23:52:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T18:52:31Z", "ms": -193468048554.00836 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-15T00:40:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-14T19:40:31Z", "ms": -193465168554.00836 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:50 on Thu 14 Nov to 09:16 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-14T01:49:46Z → 1963-11-15T04:16:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 13th, 23:53–00:41 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22163 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Thursday 14 November. Caturdaśī runs from 06:50 on Thu 14 Nov to 09:16 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 134, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:52:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:52:30Z", "ms": -193338449669.7486 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-16T12:40:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T07:40:30Z", "ms": -193335569669.7486 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T11:52:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T06:52:41Z", "ms": -193252038613.26764 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T12:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T07:40:41Z", "ms": -193249158613.26764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z → 1963-11-17T09:27:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 16th, 11:53–12:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 134 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govardhana Pūjā 1963 falls on Saturday 16 November. Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken. It is 2 min 14 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11801, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T17:44:23+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T12:44:23Z", "ms": -193317337158.52567 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-16T19:29:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T14:29:02Z", "ms": -193311057570.52417 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T17:44:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T12:44:03Z", "ms": -193230956978.02084 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T19:28:51+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T14:28:51Z", "ms": -193224669123.60052 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z → 1963-11-17T09:27:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:29 on the 16th, 17:44–19:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 105 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11801 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bali Pūjā 1963 falls on Saturday 16 November. Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4984, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T11:50:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z", "ms": -193338583501.42178 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-16T06:48:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T01:48:38Z", "ms": -193356682180.97156 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-16T10:27:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-16T05:27:13Z", "ms": -193343567173.4896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 219, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T06:49:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T01:49:20Z", "ms": -193270240248.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T10:27:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T05:27:34Z", "ms": -193257145825.01654 } }, "covered_min": 218, "window_min": 218, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-16T06:50:16Z → 1963-11-17T09:27:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:49–10:27 on the 16th, 06:49–10:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 219 minutes on the 16th and 218 of 218 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4984 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dyūta Pratipad 1963 falls on Sunday 17 November. Pratipadā runs from 11:50 on Sat 16 Nov to 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6400, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-18T17:02:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-18T12:02:12Z", "ms": -193147068039.98953 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T14:27:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z", "ms": -193242758314.67792 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-18T17:02:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-18T12:02:12Z", "ms": -193147068039.98953 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-17T11:52:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T06:52:41Z", "ms": -193252038613.26764 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-17T12:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-17T07:40:41Z", "ms": -193249158613.26764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-18T11:52:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-18T06:52:53Z", "ms": -193165626717.7696 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-18T12:40:53+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-18T07:40:53Z", "ms": -193162746717.7696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov to 17:02 on Mon 18 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-17T09:27:22Z → 1963-11-18T12:02:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 17th, 11:53–12:41 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6400 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Karachi, 1963: Monday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1963 falls on Monday 18 November. Dvitīyā runs from 14:27 on Sun 17 Nov to 17:02 on Mon 18 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T19:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z", "ms": -193051903452.85626 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T21:37:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T16:37:41Z", "ms": -192957738628.44748 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T19:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z", "ms": -193051903452.85626 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T21:37:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T16:37:41Z", "ms": -192957738628.44748 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T11:53:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T06:53:06Z", "ms": -193079213992.02637 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-19T12:41:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T07:41:06Z", "ms": -193076333992.02637 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-20T11:53:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T06:53:20Z", "ms": -192992800445.81885 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T12:41:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T07:41:20Z", "ms": -192989920445.81885 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z → 1963-11-20T16:37:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 20 November. Caturthī runs from 19:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-11-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T19:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z", "ms": -193051903452.85626 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T21:37:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T16:37:41Z", "ms": -192957738628.44748 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T19:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z", "ms": -193051903452.85626 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T21:37:41+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T16:37:41Z", "ms": -192957738628.44748 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-19T11:53:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T06:53:06Z", "ms": -193079213992.02637 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-19T12:41:06+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-19T07:41:06Z", "ms": -193076333992.02637 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-20T11:53:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T06:53:20Z", "ms": -192992800445.81885 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-20T12:41:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-20T07:41:20Z", "ms": -192989920445.81885 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-19T14:28:17Z → 1963-11-20T16:37:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Wednesday 20 November. Caturthī runs from 19:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-11-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38402, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-21T23:21:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-21T18:21:35Z", "ms": -192865104505.36682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-23T00:31:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-22T19:31:11Z", "ms": -192774528578.8453 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-21T23:21:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-21T18:21:35Z", "ms": -192865104505.36682 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-23T00:31:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-22T19:31:11Z", "ms": -192774528578.8453 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-21T11:53:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-21T06:53:34Z", "ms": -192906386089.86044 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-21T12:41:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-21T07:41:34Z", "ms": -192903506089.86044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-22T11:53:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-22T06:53:49Z", "ms": -192819970935.71344 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-22T12:41:49+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-22T07:41:49Z", "ms": -192817090935.71344 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:22 on Thu 21 Nov to 00:31 on Sat 23 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-21T18:21:35Z → 1963-11-22T19:31:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 21st, 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38402 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1963 falls on Friday 22 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:22 on Thu 21 Nov to 00:31 on Sat 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39318, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-24T00:59:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-23T19:59:04Z", "ms": -192686456199.7132 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-24T00:59:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-23T19:59:04Z", "ms": -192686456199.7132 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-24T11:54:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T06:54:22Z", "ms": -192647138282.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-24T12:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T07:42:22Z", "ms": -192644258282.7227 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T11:54:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T06:54:39Z", "ms": -192560720810.20795 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T12:42:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T07:42:39Z", "ms": -192557840810.20795 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:59 on Sun 24 Nov to 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-23T19:59:04Z → 1963-11-24T19:40:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 24th, 11:55–12:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39318 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1963: Sunday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gopāṣṭamī 1963 falls on Sunday 24 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:59 on Sun 24 Nov to 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22479, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T23:33:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T18:33:36Z", "ms": -192518783622.74323 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T23:33:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T18:33:36Z", "ms": -192518783622.74323 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T06:55:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T01:55:02Z", "ms": -192578698324.1881 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T10:30:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T05:30:47Z", "ms": -192565753314.868 } }, "covered_min": 216, "window_min": 216, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-26T06:55:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-26T01:55:45Z", "ms": -192492255227.93195 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-26T10:31:13+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-26T05:31:13Z", "ms": -192479326803.839 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 215, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov to 23:34 on Mon 25 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z → 1963-11-25T18:33:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:55–10:31 on the 25th, 06:56–10:31 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 216 of 216 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 215 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22479 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1963 falls on Monday 25 November. Navamī runs from 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov to 23:34 on Mon 25 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39057, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T23:33:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T18:33:36Z", "ms": -192518783622.74323 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T00:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z", "ms": -192601177793.2899 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T23:33:36+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T18:33:36Z", "ms": -192518783622.74323 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-24T11:54:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T06:54:22Z", "ms": -192647138282.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-24T12:42:22+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-24T07:42:22Z", "ms": -192644258282.7227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-25T11:54:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T06:54:39Z", "ms": -192560720810.20795 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-25T12:42:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-25T07:42:39Z", "ms": -192557840810.20795 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov to 23:34 on Mon 25 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-24T19:40:22Z → 1963-11-25T18:33:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 24th, 11:55–12:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39057 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Karachi, 1963: Monday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Navamī 1963 falls on Monday 25 November. Navamī runs from 00:40 on Mon 25 Nov to 23:34 on Mon 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-11-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33343, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-26T21:40:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-26T16:40:45Z", "ms": -192439154992.66742 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-27T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-27T14:06:54Z", "ms": -192361986484.3214 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-26T21:40:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-26T16:40:45Z", "ms": -192439154992.66742 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-27T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-27T14:06:54Z", "ms": -192361986484.3214 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-27T06:56:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-27T01:56:28Z", "ms": -192405812157.21832 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-27T06:56:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-27T01:56:28Z", "ms": -192405812157.21832 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-28T06:57:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T01:57:11Z", "ms": -192319369142.86514 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-28T06:57:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T01:57:11Z", "ms": -192319369142.86514 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:41 on Tue 26 Nov to 19:07 on Wed 27 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-26T16:40:45Z → 1963-11-27T14:06:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:56 on the 27th and 06:57 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33343 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Wednesday 27 November. Ekādaśī runs from 21:41 on Tue 26 Nov to 19:07 on Wed 27 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-11-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6147, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-11-28T15:59:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T10:59:34Z", "ms": -192286825815.94632 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-29T12:28:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T07:28:02Z", "ms": -192213117970.1446 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-28T15:59:34+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T10:59:34Z", "ms": -192286825815.94632 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-29T12:28:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T07:28:02Z", "ms": -192213117970.1446 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-28T17:42:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T12:42:01Z", "ms": -192280678800.87814 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-28T19:28:08+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-28T14:28:08Z", "ms": -192274311789.41083 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-29T17:41:59+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T12:41:59Z", "ms": -192194280979.71942 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-29T19:28:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T14:28:12Z", "ms": -192187907969.43054 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:00 on Thu 28 Nov to 12:28 on Fri 29 Nov.", "fact": "1963-11-28T10:59:34Z → 1963-11-29T07:28:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:28 on the 28th, 17:42–19:28 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 106 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6147 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Thursday 28 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:00 on Thu 28 Nov to 12:28 on Fri 29 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11623, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T08:42:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z", "ms": -192140245065.6169 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T04:54:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T23:54:01Z", "ms": -192067559045.40952 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T08:42:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z", "ms": -192140245065.6169 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T04:54:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T23:54:01Z", "ms": -192067559045.40952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T11:56:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T06:56:17Z", "ms": -192128622530.77112 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-30T12:44:17+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T07:44:17Z", "ms": -192125742530.77112 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-01T11:56:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-01T06:56:39Z", "ms": -192042200785.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T12:44:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-01T07:44:39Z", "ms": -192039320785.9373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:43 on Sat 30 Nov to 04:54 on Sun 1 Dec.", "fact": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z → 1963-11-30T23:54:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 30th, 11:57–12:45 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11623 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1963 falls on Saturday 30 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:43 on Sat 30 Nov to 04:54 on Sun 1 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T08:42:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z", "ms": -192140245065.6169 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T04:54:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T23:54:01Z", "ms": -192067559045.40952 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T08:42:35+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z", "ms": -192140245065.6169 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T04:54:01+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T23:54:01Z", "ms": -192067559045.40952 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-29T23:56:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T18:56:18Z", "ms": -192171822191.1361 }, "end": { "local": "1963-11-30T00:44:18+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-29T19:44:18Z", "ms": -192168942191.1361 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-11-30T23:56:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T18:56:39Z", "ms": -192085401196.9886 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-01T00:44:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-11-30T19:44:39Z", "ms": -192082521196.9886 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:43 on Sat 30 Nov to 04:54 on Sun 1 Dec.", "fact": "1963-11-30T03:42:35Z → 1963-11-30T23:54:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:56–00:44 on the 29th, 23:57–00:45 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14962 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāsayātrā 1963 falls on Saturday 30 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:43 on Sat 30 Nov to 04:54 on Sun 1 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-12-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-03T18:56:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-03T13:56:05Z", "ms": -191844235061.8873 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-04T16:38:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-04T11:38:02Z", "ms": -191766118239.66568 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-03T18:56:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-03T13:56:05Z", "ms": -191844235061.8873 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-04T16:38:02+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-04T11:38:02Z", "ms": -191766118239.66568 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-03T20:18:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-03T15:18:33Z", "ms": -191839287065.4542 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-03T20:18:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-03T15:18:33Z", "ms": -191839287065.4542 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-04T21:21:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-04T16:21:30Z", "ms": -191749109731.1837 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-04T21:21:30+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-04T16:21:30Z", "ms": -191749109731.1837 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:56 on Tue 3 Dec to 16:38 on Wed 4 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-03T13:56:05Z → 1963-12-04T11:38:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:19 on the 3rd and 21:22 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Tuesday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1963 falls on Tuesday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 18:56 on Tue 3 Dec to 16:38 on Wed 4 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1963-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-12-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-10T18:28:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-10T13:28:50Z", "ms": -191241070214.50616 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-11T20:50:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-11T15:50:45Z", "ms": -191146155006.8897 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-10T18:28:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-10T13:28:50Z", "ms": -191241070214.50616 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-11T20:50:45+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-11T15:50:45Z", "ms": -191146155006.8897 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-11T07:06:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-11T02:06:11Z", "ms": -191195629282.0423 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-11T07:06:11+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-11T02:06:11Z", "ms": -191195629282.0423 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-12T07:06:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T02:06:50Z", "ms": -191109190491.8004 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-12T07:06:50+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T02:06:50Z", "ms": -191109190491.8004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:29 on Tue 10 Dec to 20:51 on Wed 11 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-10T13:28:50Z → 1963-12-11T15:50:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 11th and 07:07 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Wednesday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Wednesday 11 December. Ekādaśī runs from 18:29 on Tue 10 Dec to 20:51 on Wed 11 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-12-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14083, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-12T23:25:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T18:25:39Z", "ms": -191050461257.7708 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-14T02:04:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T21:04:38Z", "ms": -190954522015.69492 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-12T23:25:39+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T18:25:39Z", "ms": -191050461257.7708 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-14T02:04:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T21:04:38Z", "ms": -190954522015.69492 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-12T17:43:46+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T12:43:46Z", "ms": -191070973945.1758 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-12T19:30:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-12T14:30:56Z", "ms": -191064544391.8241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-13T17:44:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T12:44:04Z", "ms": -190984555648.07874 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-13T19:31:16+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T14:31:16Z", "ms": -190978123526.32495 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:26 on Thu 12 Dec to 02:05 on Sat 14 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-12T18:25:39Z → 1963-12-13T21:04:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:31 on the 12th, 17:44–19:31 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 12th and 107 of 107 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14083 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Friday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Friday 13 December. Trayodaśī runs from 23:26 on Thu 12 Dec to 02:05 on Sat 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-12-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4473, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-14T02:04:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T21:04:38Z", "ms": -190954522015.69492 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-15T04:40:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-14T23:40:12Z", "ms": -190858787784.27866 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-14T02:04:38+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T21:04:38Z", "ms": -190954522015.69492 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-15T04:40:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-14T23:40:12Z", "ms": -190858787784.27866 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-14T00:02:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T19:02:05Z", "ms": -190961875191.50208 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-14T00:50:05+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-13T19:50:05Z", "ms": -190958995191.50208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-15T00:02:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-14T19:02:33Z", "ms": -190875446930.69214 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-15T00:50:33+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-14T19:50:33Z", "ms": -190872566930.69214 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:05 on Sat 14 Dec to 04:40 on Sun 15 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-13T21:04:38Z → 1963-12-14T23:40:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:02–00:50 on the 13th, 00:03–00:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4473 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1963 falls on Saturday 14 December. Caturdaśī runs from 02:05 on Sat 14 Dec to 04:40 on Sun 15 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/shivaratri?on=1963-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-12-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 794, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-19T12:39:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-19T07:39:27Z", "ms": -190484432739.67252 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-20T13:41:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-20T08:41:21Z", "ms": -190394319236.78577 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-19T12:39:27+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-19T07:39:27Z", "ms": -190484432739.67252 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-20T13:41:21+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-20T08:41:21Z", "ms": -190394319236.78577 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-19T12:04:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-19T07:04:42Z", "ms": -190486518308.60205 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-19T12:52:42+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-19T07:52:42Z", "ms": -190483638308.60205 } }, "covered_min": 13, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1963-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-20T12:05:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-20T07:05:12Z", "ms": -190400088343.4153 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-20T12:53:12+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-20T07:53:12Z", "ms": -190397208343.4153 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Thu 19 Dec to 13:41 on Fri 20 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-19T07:39:27Z → 1963-12-20T08:41:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 19th, 12:05–12:53 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 13 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 794 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1963: Friday 20 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1963 falls on Friday 20 December. Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Thu 19 Dec to 13:41 on Fri 20 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 13 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1963-12-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-12-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2519, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-26T07:56:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-26T02:56:29Z", "ms": -189896610599.22772 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-27T05:07:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T00:07:19Z", "ms": -189820360596.0721 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-26T07:56:29+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-26T02:56:29Z", "ms": -189896610599.22772 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-27T05:07:19+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T00:07:19Z", "ms": -189820360596.0721 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-26T07:14:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-26T02:14:31Z", "ms": -189899129158.55527 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-26T07:14:31+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-26T02:14:31Z", "ms": -189899129158.55527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-27T07:14:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T02:14:56Z", "ms": -189812703650.3144 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-27T07:14:56+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T02:14:56Z", "ms": -189812703650.3144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:56 on Thu 26 Dec to 05:07 on Fri 27 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-26T02:56:29Z → 1963-12-27T00:07:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:15 on the 26th and 07:15 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2519 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1963: Thursday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1963 falls on Thursday 26 December. Ekādaśī runs from 07:56 on Thu 26 Dec to 05:07 on Fri 27 Dec, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/ekadashi?on=1963-12-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-12-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1963, "local_date": "1963-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10886, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1963-12-28T01:59:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T20:59:04Z", "ms": -189745255611.90488 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-28T22:39:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-28T17:39:47Z", "ms": -189670813302.20764 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1963-12-28T01:59:04+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T20:59:04Z", "ms": -189745255611.90488 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-28T22:39:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-28T17:39:47Z", "ms": -189670813302.20764 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1963-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-27T17:50:28+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T12:50:28Z", "ms": -189774572202.61246 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-27T19:37:47+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-27T14:37:47Z", "ms": -189768133150.965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1963-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1963-12-28T17:51:03+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-28T12:51:03Z", "ms": -189688137062.8872 }, "end": { "local": "1963-12-28T19:38:20+05:00", "utc": "1963-12-28T14:38:20Z", "ms": -189681699611.50952 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:59 on Sat 28 Dec to 22:40 on Sat 28 Dec.", "fact": "1963-12-27T20:59:04Z → 1963-12-28T17:39:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:50–19:38 on the 27th, 17:51–19:38 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 27th and 107 of 107 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10886 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1963: Saturday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1963-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1963 falls on Saturday 28 December. Trayodaśī runs from 01:59 on Sat 28 Dec to 22:40 on Sat 28 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1963/pradosha-vrata?on=1963-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }