{ "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990", "place": { "id": "1174872", "slug": "karachi", "name": "Karachi", "region": "Sindh, Pakistan", "country": "PK", "lat": 24.8608, "lon": 67.0104, "elevation_m": 8, "tz": "Asia/Karachi" }, "year": 1990, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-01-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-06T22:00:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-06T17:00:30Z", "ms": 631645229888.3011 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-07T19:25:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-07T14:25:26Z", "ms": 631722326341.2834 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-06T22:00:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-06T17:00:30Z", "ms": 631645229888.3011 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-07T19:25:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-07T14:25:26Z", "ms": 631722326341.2834 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-07T07:18:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-07T02:18:19Z", "ms": 631678699266.4159 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-07T07:18:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-07T02:18:19Z", "ms": 631678699266.4159 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-08T07:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T02:18:28Z", "ms": 631765108283.6594 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-08T07:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T02:18:28Z", "ms": 631765108283.6594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:00 on Sat 6 Jan to 19:25 on Sun 7 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-06T17:00:30Z → 1990-01-07T14:25:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 7th and 07:18 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 7 January. Ekādaśī runs from 22:00 on Sat 6 Jan to 19:25 on Sun 7 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-01-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4243, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-08T16:48:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T11:48:02Z", "ms": 631799282133.8108 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-09T14:15:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-09T09:15:30Z", "ms": 631876530026.3162 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-08T16:48:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T11:48:02Z", "ms": 631799282133.8108 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-09T14:15:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-09T09:15:30Z", "ms": 631876530026.3162 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-08T17:58:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T12:58:45Z", "ms": 631803525016.787 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-08T19:45:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-08T14:45:24Z", "ms": 631809923796.6084 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-09T17:59:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-09T12:59:28Z", "ms": 631889968084.8807 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-09T19:46:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-09T14:46:02Z", "ms": 631896361940.8998 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:48 on Mon 8 Jan to 14:16 on Tue 9 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-08T11:48:02Z → 1990-01-09T09:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:59–19:45 on the 8th, 17:59–19:46 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 107 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4243 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Monday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Monday 8 January. Trayodaśī runs from 16:48 on Mon 8 Jan to 14:16 on Tue 9 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32514, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-12T22:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T17:01:31Z", "ms": 634842091456.4164 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-13T18:02:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T13:02:23Z", "ms": 632235743433.0001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T18:03:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-15T13:03:52Z", "ms": 632408632495.7666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32514 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Sunday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1990-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1990-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhogi 1990 falls on Saturday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32514, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-12T22:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T17:01:31Z", "ms": 634842091456.4164 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-13T18:02:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T13:02:23Z", "ms": 632235743433.0001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T18:03:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-15T13:03:52Z", "ms": 632408632495.7666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pongal 1990 falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32474, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-12T22:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T17:01:31Z", "ms": 634842091456.4164 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-13T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-12T19:00:00Z", "ms": 632170800000 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": 632257200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": 632257200000 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T19:00:00Z", "ms": 632343600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Karachi.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Karachi" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 32474 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Makara Saṅkrānti 1990 falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-01-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37801, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T07:18:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T02:18:16Z", "ms": 632283496210.9298 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T07:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-15T02:47:38Z", "ms": 632371658214.4031 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T07:18:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T02:18:16Z", "ms": 632283496210.9298 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T07:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-15T02:47:38Z", "ms": 632371658214.4031 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-13T20:21:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T15:21:10Z", "ms": 632244070290.5251 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-13T20:21:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T15:21:10Z", "ms": 632244070290.5251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T21:17:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T16:17:37Z", "ms": 632333857450.9362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T21:17:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T16:17:37Z", "ms": 632333857450.9362 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:18 on Sun 14 Jan to 07:48 on Mon 15 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-14T02:18:16Z → 1990-01-15T02:47:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 13th and 21:18 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37801 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Sunday 14 January. Caturthī runs from 07:18 on Sun 14 Jan to 07:48 on Mon 15 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-01-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32514, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-12T22:01:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T17:01:31Z", "ms": 634842091456.4164 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T09:01:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z", "ms": 632289674348.8148 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-13T18:02:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-13T13:02:23Z", "ms": 632235743433.0001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-14T18:03:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-14T13:03:08Z", "ms": 632322187875.6459 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-15T18:03:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-15T13:03:52Z", "ms": 632408632495.7666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1990-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-14T04:01:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32514 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Sunday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Karachi, 1990: Monday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1990-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1990-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mattu Pongal 1990 falls on Monday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:01 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-01-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32432, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-21T20:22:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-21T15:22:55Z", "ms": 632935375427.2538 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-22T22:17:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-22T17:17:18Z", "ms": 633028637926.81 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-21T20:22:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-21T15:22:55Z", "ms": 632935375427.2538 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-22T22:17:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-22T17:17:18Z", "ms": 633028637926.81 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-22T07:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-22T02:18:02Z", "ms": 632974682267.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-22T07:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-22T02:18:02Z", "ms": 632974682267.6177 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-23T07:17:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T02:17:50Z", "ms": 633061069530.6428 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-23T07:17:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T02:17:50Z", "ms": 633061069530.6428 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:23 on Sun 21 Jan to 22:17 on Mon 22 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-21T15:22:55Z → 1990-01-22T17:17:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 22nd and 07:18 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32432 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Monday 22 January. Ekādaśī runs from 20:23 on Sun 21 Jan to 22:17 on Mon 22 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13522, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-23T23:40:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T18:40:16Z", "ms": 633120016220.5319 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-23T23:40:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T18:40:16Z", "ms": 633120016220.5319 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-23T18:09:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T13:09:52Z", "ms": 633100191937.7135 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-23T19:54:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-23T14:54:54Z", "ms": 633106493727.6941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-24T18:10:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T13:10:37Z", "ms": 633186636697.6201 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-24T19:55:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T14:55:30Z", "ms": 633192930440.6489 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:40 on Tue 23 Jan to 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-23T18:40:16Z → 1990-01-24T19:28:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:10–19:55 on the 23rd, 18:11–19:56 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 23rd and 105 of 105 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13522 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 23:40 on Tue 23 Jan to 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-01-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 492, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T00:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T19:40:41Z", "ms": 633296441210.9111 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T00:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T19:40:41Z", "ms": 633296441210.9111 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:19:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:19:58Z", "ms": 633208798233.978 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-25T01:07:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T20:07:58Z", "ms": 633211678233.978 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-26T00:20:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T19:20:12Z", "ms": 633295212038.7393 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T01:08:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T20:08:12Z", "ms": 633298092038.7393 } }, "covered_min": 20, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan to 00:41 on Fri 26 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z → 1990-01-25T19:40:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 24th, 00:20–01:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 40 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 20 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 492 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Wednesday 24 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan to 00:41 on Fri 26 Jan and covers 40 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 20 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T00:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T19:40:41Z", "ms": 633296441210.9111 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T00:28:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z", "ms": 633209290274.3502 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T00:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T19:40:41Z", "ms": 633296441210.9111 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-25T05:32:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T00:32:26Z", "ms": 633227546027.3073 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-25T07:17:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-25T02:17:20Z", "ms": 633233839770.336 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-26T05:32:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-26T00:32:17Z", "ms": 633313937235.395 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-26T07:17:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-26T02:17:03Z", "ms": 633320222761.4517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan to 00:41 on Fri 26 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-24T19:28:10Z → 1990-01-25T19:40:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:32–07:17 on the 25th, 05:32–07:17 on the 26th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 105 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Tarpaṇa 1990 falls on Thursday 25 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Thu 25 Jan to 00:41 on Fri 26 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20556, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T20:41:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z", "ms": 633627667624.2236 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T20:41:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z", "ms": 633627667624.2236 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T12:21:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T07:21:11Z", "ms": 633597670553.8462 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-29T13:09:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T08:09:11Z", "ms": 633600550553.8462 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T12:21:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T07:21:21Z", "ms": 633684081000.594 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T13:09:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T08:09:21Z", "ms": 633686961000.594 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:41 on Mon 29 Jan to 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z → 1990-01-30T13:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 29th, 12:21–13:09 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20556 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1990 falls on Tuesday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 20:41 on Mon 29 Jan to 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T20:41:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z", "ms": 633627667624.2236 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T20:41:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z", "ms": 633627667624.2236 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-29T18:14:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T13:14:18Z", "ms": 633618857788.7642 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-29T19:58:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-29T14:58:29Z", "ms": 633625108847.8113 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:15:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:15:01Z", "ms": 633705301269.5703 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T19:59:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T14:59:03Z", "ms": 633711543337.2046 } }, "covered_min": 37, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:41 on Mon 29 Jan to 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-29T15:41:08Z → 1990-01-30T13:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:14–19:58 on the 29th, 18:15–19:59 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 29th and 37 of 104 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Tila Caturthī 1990 falls on Tuesday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 20:41 on Mon 29 Jan to 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan and covers 37 of 104 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T16:52:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T11:52:18Z", "ms": 633786738471.4253 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T16:52:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T11:52:18Z", "ms": 633786738471.4253 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T12:21:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T07:21:21Z", "ms": 633684081000.594 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T13:09:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T08:09:21Z", "ms": 633686961000.594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-31T12:21:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T07:21:31Z", "ms": 633770490611.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T13:09:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T08:09:31Z", "ms": 633773370611.4192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan to 16:52 on Wed 31 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z → 1990-01-31T11:52:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:22–13:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Pañcamī 1990 falls on Wednesday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan to 16:52 on Wed 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T16:52:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T11:52:18Z", "ms": 633786738471.4253 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T18:51:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z", "ms": 633707516807.0043 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T16:52:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T11:52:18Z", "ms": 633786738471.4253 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-30T12:21:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T07:21:21Z", "ms": 633684081000.594 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-30T13:09:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-30T08:09:21Z", "ms": 633686961000.594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-01-31T12:21:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T07:21:31Z", "ms": 633770490611.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1990-01-31T13:09:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-01-31T08:09:31Z", "ms": 633773370611.4192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan to 16:52 on Wed 31 Jan.", "fact": "1990-01-30T13:51:57Z → 1990-01-31T11:52:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:22–13:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasanta Pañcamī 1990 falls on Wednesday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 18:52 on Tue 30 Jan to 16:52 on Wed 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-01T14:46:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-01T09:46:10Z", "ms": 633865570196.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-02T12:37:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-02T07:37:04Z", "ms": 633944223828.1309 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-01T14:46:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-01T09:46:10Z", "ms": 633865570196.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-02T12:37:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-02T07:37:04Z", "ms": 633944223828.1309 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-01T05:30:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-01T00:30:59Z", "ms": 633832258532.1202 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-01T07:14:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-01T02:14:51Z", "ms": 633838491468.4448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-02T05:30:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-02T00:30:41Z", "ms": 633918641152.488 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-02T07:14:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-02T02:14:25Z", "ms": 633924864822.5452 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:46 on Thu 1 Feb to 12:37 on Fri 2 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-01T09:46:10Z → 1990-02-02T07:37:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:31–07:15 on the 1st, 05:31–07:14 on the 2nd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 1st and 104 of 104 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 2 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ratha Saptamī 1990 falls on Friday 2 February. Saptamī runs from 14:46 on Thu 1 Feb to 12:37 on Fri 2 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-02-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2954, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-05T06:23:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T01:23:43Z", "ms": 634181022719.8356 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-06T04:34:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T23:34:36Z", "ms": 634260875975.4829 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-05T06:23:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T01:23:43Z", "ms": 634181022719.8356 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-06T04:34:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T23:34:36Z", "ms": 634260875975.4829 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-05T07:12:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T02:12:57Z", "ms": 634183977040.5463 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-05T07:12:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T02:12:57Z", "ms": 634183977040.5463 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-06T07:12:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T02:12:25Z", "ms": 634270345234.1515 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-06T07:12:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T02:12:25Z", "ms": 634270345234.1515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:24 on Mon 5 Feb to 04:35 on Tue 6 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-05T01:23:43Z → 1990-02-05T23:34:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:13 on the 5th and 07:12 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2954 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jayā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Monday 5 February. Ekādaśī runs from 06:24 on Mon 5 Feb to 04:35 on Tue 6 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28055, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-06T04:34:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T23:34:36Z", "ms": 634260875975.4829 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-07T02:59:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T21:59:06Z", "ms": 634341545551.7134 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-06T04:34:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-05T23:34:36Z", "ms": 634260875975.4829 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-07T02:59:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T21:59:06Z", "ms": 634341545551.7134 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-06T12:22:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T07:22:11Z", "ms": 634288930660.5067 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-06T13:10:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T08:10:11Z", "ms": 634291810660.5067 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-07T12:22:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T07:22:14Z", "ms": 634375334430.0507 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-07T13:10:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T08:10:14Z", "ms": 634378214430.0507 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:35 on Tue 6 Feb to 02:59 on Wed 7 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-05T23:34:36Z → 1990-02-06T21:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 6th, 12:22–13:10 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28055 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Tuesday 6 February. Dvādaśī runs from 04:35 on Tue 6 Feb to 02:59 on Wed 7 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-02-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20273, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-07T02:59:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T21:59:06Z", "ms": 634341545551.7134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-08T01:41:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T20:41:15Z", "ms": 634423275258.8938 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-07T02:59:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T21:59:06Z", "ms": 634341545551.7134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-08T01:41:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T20:41:15Z", "ms": 634423275258.8938 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-06T18:19:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T13:19:56Z", "ms": 634310396086.8619 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-06T20:02:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-06T15:02:52Z", "ms": 634316571567.6218 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-07T18:20:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T13:20:37Z", "ms": 634396836667.54 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-07T20:03:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-07T15:03:22Z", "ms": 634403002170.5034 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:59 on Wed 7 Feb to 01:41 on Thu 8 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-06T21:59:06Z → 1990-02-07T20:41:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–20:03 on the 6th, 18:21–20:03 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 6th and 103 of 103 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20273 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 7 February. Trayodaśī runs from 02:59 on Wed 7 Feb to 01:41 on Thu 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39924, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-02-09T00:45:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-08T19:45:23Z", "ms": 634506322792.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-10T00:15:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-09T19:15:44Z", "ms": 634590944011.1886 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-09T00:45:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-08T19:45:23Z", "ms": 634506322792.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-10T00:15:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-09T19:15:44Z", "ms": 634590944011.1886 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-08T12:22:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-08T07:22:17Z", "ms": 634461737388.9448 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-08T13:10:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-08T08:10:17Z", "ms": 634464617388.9448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-09T12:22:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-09T07:22:20Z", "ms": 634548139547.5723 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-09T13:10:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-09T08:10:20Z", "ms": 634551019547.5723 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:45 on Fri 9 Feb to 00:16 on Sat 10 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-08T19:45:23Z → 1990-02-09T19:15:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 8th, 12:22–13:10 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39924 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1990 falls on Friday 9 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:45 on Fri 9 Feb to 00:16 on Sat 10 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-02-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18220, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-13T01:56:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T20:56:03Z", "ms": 634856163278.0697 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-14T03:34:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-13T22:34:45Z", "ms": 634948484973.7311 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-13T01:56:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T20:56:03Z", "ms": 634856163278.0697 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-14T03:34:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-13T22:34:45Z", "ms": 634948484973.7311 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-12T20:52:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T15:52:23Z", "ms": 634837942782.53 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-12T20:52:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-12T15:52:23Z", "ms": 634837942782.53 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-13T21:44:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-13T16:44:39Z", "ms": 634927479099.1656 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-13T21:44:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-13T16:44:39Z", "ms": 634927479099.1656 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:56 on Tue 13 Feb to 03:35 on Wed 14 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-12T20:56:03Z → 1990-02-13T22:34:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:52 on the 12th and 21:45 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18220 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Tuesday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 01:56 on Tue 13 Feb to 03:35 on Wed 14 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-02-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34130, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-20T16:31:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-20T11:31:52Z", "ms": 635513511600.9386 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-21T17:23:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-21T12:23:41Z", "ms": 635603021226.5336 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-20T16:31:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-20T11:31:52Z", "ms": 635513511600.9386 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-21T17:23:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-21T12:23:41Z", "ms": 635603021226.5336 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-20T07:03:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-20T02:03:02Z", "ms": 635479381653.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-20T07:03:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-20T02:03:02Z", "ms": 635479381653.6693 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-21T07:02:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-21T02:02:14Z", "ms": 635565733972.6705 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-21T07:02:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-21T02:02:14Z", "ms": 635565733972.6705 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:32 on Tue 20 Feb to 17:24 on Wed 21 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-20T11:31:52Z → 1990-02-21T12:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:03 on the 20th and 07:02 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34130 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Wednesday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 16:32 on Tue 20 Feb to 17:24 on Wed 21 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-02-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3463, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-22T17:32:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-22T12:32:12Z", "ms": 635689932279.4508 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-23T16:57:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T11:57:32Z", "ms": 635774251621.7256 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-22T17:32:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-22T12:32:12Z", "ms": 635689932279.4508 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-23T16:57:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T11:57:32Z", "ms": 635774251621.7256 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-22T18:29:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-22T13:29:55Z", "ms": 635693395339.0947 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-22T20:10:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-22T15:10:01Z", "ms": 635699400770.6027 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-23T18:30:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T13:30:29Z", "ms": 635779829248.9801 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-23T20:10:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T15:10:23Z", "ms": 635785823470.2363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:32 on Thu 22 Feb to 16:58 on Fri 23 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-22T12:32:12Z → 1990-02-23T11:57:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:30–20:10 on the 22nd, 18:30–20:10 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 100 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3463 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 22 February. Trayodaśī runs from 17:32 on Thu 22 Feb to 16:58 on Fri 23 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26616, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-23T16:57:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T11:57:32Z", "ms": 635774251621.7256 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-24T15:43:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-24T10:43:01Z", "ms": 635856180773.4911 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-23T16:57:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T11:57:32Z", "ms": 635774251621.7256 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-24T15:43:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-24T10:43:01Z", "ms": 635856180773.4911 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-24T00:21:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T19:21:08Z", "ms": 635800867578.6908 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-24T01:09:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-23T20:09:08Z", "ms": 635803747578.6908 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-25T00:20:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-24T19:20:59Z", "ms": 635887258854.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-25T01:08:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-24T20:08:59Z", "ms": 635890138854.3013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:58 on Fri 23 Feb to 15:43 on Sat 24 Feb.", "fact": "1990-02-23T11:57:32Z → 1990-02-24T10:43:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:21–01:09 on the 23rd, 00:21–01:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 26616 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Friday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāśivarātri 1990 falls on Friday 23 February. Caturdaśī runs from 16:58 on Fri 23 Feb to 15:43 on Sat 24 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-02-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-02-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21645, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-02-28T06:20:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T01:20:00Z", "ms": 636168000025.3899 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-01T03:32:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T22:32:48Z", "ms": 636244368122.118 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-02-28T06:20:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T01:20:00Z", "ms": 636168000025.3899 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-01T03:32:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T22:32:48Z", "ms": 636244368122.118 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-02-28T12:20:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T07:20:45Z", "ms": 636189645164.1841 }, "end": { "local": "1990-02-28T13:08:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-02-28T08:08:45Z", "ms": 636192525164.1841 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-01T12:20:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-01T07:20:34Z", "ms": 636276033981.7085 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-01T13:08:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-01T08:08:34Z", "ms": 636278913981.7085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:20 on Wed 28 Feb to 03:33 on Thu 1 Mar.", "fact": "1990-02-28T01:20:00Z → 1990-02-28T22:32:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 28th, 12:21–13:09 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21645 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 28 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 28 February. Caturthī runs from 06:20 on Wed 28 Feb to 03:33 on Thu 1 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-02-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-03-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28713, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-06T15:31:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-06T10:31:31Z", "ms": 636719490965.5552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-07T14:48:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-07T09:48:21Z", "ms": 636803300909.2358 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-06T15:31:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-06T10:31:31Z", "ms": 636719490965.5552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-07T14:48:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-07T09:48:21Z", "ms": 636803300909.2358 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-06T06:50:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-06T01:50:45Z", "ms": 636688245270.2736 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-06T06:50:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-06T01:50:45Z", "ms": 636688245270.2736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-07T06:49:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-07T01:49:48Z", "ms": 636774587868.7872 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-07T06:49:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-07T01:49:48Z", "ms": 636774587868.7872 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Tue 6 Mar to 14:48 on Wed 7 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-06T10:31:31Z → 1990-03-07T09:48:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:51 on the 6th and 06:50 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28713 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Wednesday 7 March. Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Tue 6 Mar to 14:48 on Wed 7 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-03-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-08T14:29:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-08T09:29:31Z", "ms": 636888570974.1334 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-09T14:34:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-09T09:34:53Z", "ms": 636975293343.4507 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-08T14:29:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-08T09:29:31Z", "ms": 636888570974.1334 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-09T14:34:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-09T09:34:53Z", "ms": 636975293343.4507 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-08T18:37:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-08T13:37:14Z", "ms": 636903433880.1733 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-08T20:14:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-08T15:14:39Z", "ms": 636909278910.235 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-09T18:37:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-09T13:37:42Z", "ms": 636989862483.0012 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-09T20:14:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-09T15:14:56Z", "ms": 636995695859.042 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:30 on Thu 8 Mar to 14:35 on Fri 9 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-08T09:29:31Z → 1990-03-09T09:34:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:15 on the 8th, 18:38–20:15 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 97 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 8 March. Trayodaśī runs from 14:30 on Thu 8 Mar to 14:35 on Fri 9 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T15:04:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z", "ms": 637063469670.9183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T15:04:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z", "ms": 637063469670.9183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T16:15:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T11:15:55Z", "ms": 637067755192.8768 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-10T18:38:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T13:38:11Z", "ms": 637076290790.2693 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-11T16:16:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T11:16:06Z", "ms": 637154165773.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T18:38:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T13:38:39Z", "ms": 637162718818.9198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:04 on Sat 10 Mar to 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z → 1990-03-11T10:58:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:16–18:38 on the 10th, 16:16–18:39 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 143 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holikā Dahana 1990 falls on Saturday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:04 on Sat 10 Mar to 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T15:04:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z", "ms": 637063469670.9183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T15:04:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z", "ms": 637063469670.9183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-10T16:15:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T11:15:55Z", "ms": 637067755192.8768 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-10T18:38:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-10T13:38:11Z", "ms": 637076290790.2693 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-11T16:16:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T11:16:06Z", "ms": 637154165773.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T18:38:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T13:38:39Z", "ms": 637162718818.9198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1990-03-10", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:04 on Sat 10 Mar to 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-10T10:04:30Z → 1990-03-11T10:58:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:16–18:38 on the 10th, 16:16–18:39 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 143 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1056 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Saturday 10 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holī 1990 falls on Sunday 11 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Saturday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:04 on Sat 10 Mar to 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 10th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-12T17:16:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-12T12:16:54Z", "ms": 637244213746.5944 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-11T15:58:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z", "ms": 637153109991.6724 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-12T17:16:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-12T12:16:54Z", "ms": 637244213746.5944 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-11T06:45:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T01:45:54Z", "ms": 637119953593.2303 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-11T06:45:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-11T01:45:54Z", "ms": 637119953593.2303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-12T06:44:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-12T01:44:54Z", "ms": 637206294004.9894 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-12T06:44:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-12T01:44:54Z", "ms": 637206294004.9894 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar to 17:17 on Mon 12 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-11T10:58:30Z → 1990-03-12T12:16:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 11th and 06:45 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Karachi, 1990: Monday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasantotsava 1990 falls on Monday 12 March. Pratipadā runs from 15:58 on Sun 11 Mar to 17:17 on Mon 12 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-03-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-14T21:02:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-14T16:02:10Z", "ms": 637430529931.7213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-15T23:22:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-15T18:22:00Z", "ms": 637525320493.6432 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-14T21:02:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-14T16:02:10Z", "ms": 637430529931.7213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-15T23:22:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-15T18:22:00Z", "ms": 637525320493.6432 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-14T21:20:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-14T16:20:39Z", "ms": 637431638757.3496 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-14T21:20:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-14T16:20:39Z", "ms": 637431638757.3496 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-15T22:14:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-15T17:14:17Z", "ms": 637521257177.0193 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-15T22:14:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-15T17:14:17Z", "ms": 637521257177.0193 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:02 on Wed 14 Mar to 23:22 on Thu 15 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-14T16:02:10Z → 1990-03-15T18:22:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:21 on the 14th and 22:14 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1109 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 14 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 14 March. Caturthī runs from 21:02 on Wed 14 Mar to 23:22 on Thu 15 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-03-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-19T06:32:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-19T01:32:29Z", "ms": 637810348555.8408 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-20T08:20:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-20T03:20:20Z", "ms": 637903219869.6486 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-19T06:32:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-19T01:32:29Z", "ms": 637810348555.8408 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-20T08:20:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-20T03:20:20Z", "ms": 637903219869.6486 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-19T12:16:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-19T07:16:02Z", "ms": 637830961897.0759 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-19T13:04:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-19T08:04:02Z", "ms": 637833841897.0759 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-20T12:15:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-20T07:15:44Z", "ms": 637917344246.6825 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-20T13:03:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-20T08:03:44Z", "ms": 637920224246.6825 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:32 on Mon 19 Mar to 08:20 on Tue 20 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-19T01:32:29Z → 1990-03-20T03:20:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 19th, 12:16–13:04 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 19 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalāṣṭamī 1990 falls on Monday 19 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:32 on Mon 19 Mar to 08:20 on Tue 20 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-03-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10757, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-22T09:56:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-22T04:56:26Z", "ms": 638081786081.4366 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-23T09:32:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T04:32:59Z", "ms": 638166779114.763 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-22T09:56:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-22T04:56:26Z", "ms": 638081786081.4366 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-23T09:32:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T04:32:59Z", "ms": 638166779114.763 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-22T06:34:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-22T01:34:44Z", "ms": 638069683727.3572 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-22T06:34:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-22T01:34:44Z", "ms": 638069683727.3572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-23T06:33:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T01:33:42Z", "ms": 638156021883.369 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-23T06:33:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T01:33:42Z", "ms": 638156021883.369 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:56 on Thu 22 Mar to 09:33 on Fri 23 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-22T04:56:26Z → 1990-03-23T04:32:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:35 on the 22nd and 06:34 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10757 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Friday 23 March. Ekādaśī runs from 09:56 on Thu 22 Mar to 09:33 on Fri 23 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-03-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36355, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-24T08:21:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T03:21:01Z", "ms": 638248861012.1802 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-25T06:24:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T01:24:38Z", "ms": 638328277877.5515 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-24T08:21:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T03:21:01Z", "ms": 638248861012.1802 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-25T06:24:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T01:24:38Z", "ms": 638328277877.5515 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-23T18:43:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T13:43:59Z", "ms": 638199839427.4718 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-23T20:18:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-23T15:18:29Z", "ms": 638205508837.1045 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-24T18:44:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T13:44:25Z", "ms": 638286265286.3732 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-24T20:18:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T15:18:43Z", "ms": 638291922995.0776 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:21 on Sat 24 Mar to 06:25 on Sun 25 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-24T03:21:01Z → 1990-03-25T01:24:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:18 on the 23rd, 18:44–20:19 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 23rd and 94 of 94 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36355 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Saturday 24 March. Trayodaśī runs from 08:21 on Sat 24 Mar to 06:25 on Sun 25 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-03-25", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-25T06:24:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T01:24:38Z", "ms": 638328277877.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-26T03:50:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T22:50:46Z", "ms": 638405446250.2479 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-25T06:24:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T01:24:38Z", "ms": 638328277877.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-26T03:50:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T22:50:46Z", "ms": 638405446250.2479 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-25T00:14:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T19:14:02Z", "ms": 638306041694.0151 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-25T01:02:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-24T20:02:02Z", "ms": 638308921694.0151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-26T00:13:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T19:13:44Z", "ms": 638392423642.5507 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-26T01:01:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-25T20:01:44Z", "ms": 638395303642.5507 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:25 on Sun 25 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 26 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-25T01:24:38Z → 1990-03-25T22:50:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 24th, 00:14–01:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Sunday 25 March. Caturdaśī runs from 06:25 on Sun 25 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 26 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30340, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-27T00:48:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-26T19:48:19Z", "ms": 638480899151.0181 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-27T21:27:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-27T16:27:18Z", "ms": 638555238034.6041 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-27T00:48:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-26T19:48:19Z", "ms": 638480899151.0181 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-27T21:27:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-27T16:27:18Z", "ms": 638555238034.6041 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-26T12:13:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-26T07:13:57Z", "ms": 638435636502.9044 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-26T13:01:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-26T08:01:57Z", "ms": 638438516502.9044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-27T12:13:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-27T07:13:38Z", "ms": 638522018407.7585 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-27T13:01:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-27T08:01:38Z", "ms": 638524898407.7585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:48 on Tue 27 Mar to 21:27 on Tue 27 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-26T19:48:19Z → 1990-03-27T16:27:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:14–13:02 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30340 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1990 falls on Tuesday 27 March. Pratipadā runs from 00:48 on Tue 27 Mar to 21:27 on Tue 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T17:58:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z", "ms": 638629093054.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T17:58:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z", "ms": 638629093054.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T12:13:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T07:13:20Z", "ms": 638608400316.4512 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-28T13:01:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T08:01:20Z", "ms": 638611280316.4512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-29T12:13:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T07:13:02Z", "ms": 638694782244.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T13:01:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T08:01:02Z", "ms": 638697662244.0354 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:58 on Wed 28 Mar to 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z → 1990-03-29T09:31:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1990 falls on Thursday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:58 on Wed 28 Mar to 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T17:58:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z", "ms": 638629093054.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T17:58:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z", "ms": 638629093054.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-28T12:13:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T07:13:20Z", "ms": 638608400316.4512 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-28T13:01:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-28T08:01:20Z", "ms": 638611280316.4512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-29T12:13:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T07:13:02Z", "ms": 638694782244.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T13:01:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T08:01:02Z", "ms": 638697662244.0354 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:58 on Wed 28 Mar to 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-28T12:58:13Z → 1990-03-29T09:31:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:58 on Wed 28 Mar to 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3344, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-30T11:17:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T06:17:00Z", "ms": 638777819858.2479 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-31T08:23:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-31T03:23:30Z", "ms": 638853810294.3043 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-30T11:17:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T06:17:00Z", "ms": 638777819858.2479 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-31T08:23:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-31T03:23:30Z", "ms": 638853810294.3043 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-30T12:12:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T07:12:44Z", "ms": 638781164205.8162 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-30T13:00:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T08:00:44Z", "ms": 638784044205.8162 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-31T12:12:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-31T07:12:26Z", "ms": 638867546217.7606 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-31T13:00:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-31T08:00:26Z", "ms": 638870426217.7606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:17 on Fri 30 Mar to 08:24 on Sat 31 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-30T06:17:00Z → 1990-03-31T03:23:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 30th, 12:12–13:00 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3344 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1990 falls on Friday 30 March. Pañcamī runs from 11:17 on Fri 30 Mar to 08:24 on Sat 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-03-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3344, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-30T11:17:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T06:17:00Z", "ms": 638777819858.2479 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-03-29T14:31:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z", "ms": 638703089897.8641 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-30T11:17:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T06:17:00Z", "ms": 638777819858.2479 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-29T12:13:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T07:13:02Z", "ms": 638694782244.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-29T13:01:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-29T08:01:02Z", "ms": 638697662244.0354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-03-30T12:12:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T07:12:44Z", "ms": 638781164205.8162 }, "end": { "local": "1990-03-30T13:00:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-03-30T08:00:44Z", "ms": 638784044205.8162 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar to 11:17 on Fri 30 Mar.", "fact": "1990-03-29T09:31:30Z → 1990-03-30T06:17:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 29th, 12:13–13:01 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 3344 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Friday 30 March. Caturthī runs from 14:31 on Thu 29 Mar to 11:17 on Fri 30 Mar, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-02T04:06:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-01T23:06:24Z", "ms": 639011184318.9982 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-03T02:50:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T21:50:48Z", "ms": 639093048395.0483 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-02T04:06:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-01T23:06:24Z", "ms": 639011184318.9982 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-03T02:50:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T21:50:48Z", "ms": 639093048395.0483 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-02T12:11:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T07:11:50Z", "ms": 639040310460.5569 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-02T12:59:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T07:59:50Z", "ms": 639043190460.5569 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-03T12:11:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T07:11:33Z", "ms": 639126692728.1155 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-03T12:59:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T07:59:33Z", "ms": 639129572728.1155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:06 on Mon 2 Apr to 02:51 on Tue 3 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-01T23:06:24Z → 1990-04-02T21:50:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd, 12:12–13:00 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Karachi, 1990: Monday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhavānī Utpatti 1990 falls on Monday 2 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:06 on Mon 2 Apr to 02:51 on Tue 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-03T02:50:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T21:50:48Z", "ms": 639093048395.0483 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-04T02:11:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T21:11:49Z", "ms": 639177108525.2356 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-03T02:50:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-02T21:50:48Z", "ms": 639093048395.0483 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-04T02:11:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T21:11:49Z", "ms": 639177108525.2356 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-03T12:11:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T07:11:33Z", "ms": 639126692728.1155 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-03T12:59:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-03T07:59:33Z", "ms": 639129572728.1155 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-04T12:11:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-04T07:11:15Z", "ms": 639213075118.9497 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-04T12:59:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-04T07:59:15Z", "ms": 639215955118.9497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 02:51 on Tue 3 Apr to 02:12 on Wed 4 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-02T21:50:48Z → 1990-04-03T21:11:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 3rd, 12:11–12:59 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāma Navamī 1990 falls on Tuesday 3 April. Navamī runs from 02:51 on Tue 3 Apr to 02:12 on Wed 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13477, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-05T02:07:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-04T21:07:35Z", "ms": 639263255242.428 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-06T02:34:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-05T21:34:45Z", "ms": 639351285302.9832 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-05T02:07:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-04T21:07:35Z", "ms": 639263255242.428 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-06T02:34:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-05T21:34:45Z", "ms": 639351285302.9832 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-05T06:20:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-05T01:20:23Z", "ms": 639278422995.11 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-05T06:20:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-05T01:20:23Z", "ms": 639278422995.11 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-06T06:19:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T01:19:23Z", "ms": 639364762780.9491 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-06T06:19:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T01:19:23Z", "ms": 639364762780.9491 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Thu 5 Apr to 02:35 on Fri 6 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-04T21:07:35Z → 1990-04-05T21:34:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 5th and 06:19 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13477 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Thursday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Thu 5 Apr to 02:35 on Fri 6 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T03:29:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z", "ms": 639440951533.519 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T03:29:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z", "ms": 639440951533.519 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T12:10:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T07:10:23Z", "ms": 639472223233.9014 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-07T12:58:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T07:58:23Z", "ms": 639475103233.9014 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-08T12:10:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-08T07:10:06Z", "ms": 639558606321.8662 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-08T07:58:06Z", "ms": 639561486321.8662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:29 on Sat 7 Apr to 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z → 1990-04-07T23:46:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 7th, 12:10–12:58 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 03:29 on Sat 7 Apr to 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25646, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T03:29:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z", "ms": 639440951533.519 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T03:29:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z", "ms": 639440951533.519 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-06T18:49:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T13:49:58Z", "ms": 639409797921.5574 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-06T20:21:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-06T15:21:45Z", "ms": 639415305248.5496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-07T18:50:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T13:50:24Z", "ms": 639496223593.804 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-07T20:22:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T15:22:00Z", "ms": 639501719554.8641 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:29 on Sat 7 Apr to 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-06T22:29:12Z → 1990-04-07T23:46:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:22 on the 6th, 18:50–20:22 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 6th and 92 of 92 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25646 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Saturday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 03:29 on Sat 7 Apr to 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20737, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-09T06:24:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T01:24:13Z", "ms": 639624253029.5035 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-08T04:46:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z", "ms": 639532010485.1934 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-09T06:24:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T01:24:13Z", "ms": 639624253029.5035 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-08T12:10:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-08T07:10:06Z", "ms": 639558606321.8662 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-08T12:58:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-08T07:58:06Z", "ms": 639561486321.8662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-09T12:09:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T07:09:50Z", "ms": 639644989635.8246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-09T12:57:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T07:57:50Z", "ms": 639647869635.8246 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr to 06:24 on Mon 9 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-07T23:46:50Z → 1990-04-09T01:24:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 8th, 12:10–12:58 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20737 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 8 April. Caturdaśī runs from 04:47 on Sun 8 Apr to 06:24 on Mon 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-04-09T06:24:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T01:24:13Z", "ms": 639624253029.5035 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-10T08:18:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-10T03:18:29Z", "ms": 639717508680.9949 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-09T06:24:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T01:24:13Z", "ms": 639624253029.5035 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-10T08:18:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-10T03:18:29Z", "ms": 639717508680.9949 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-09T12:09:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T07:09:50Z", "ms": 639644989635.8246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-09T12:57:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-09T07:57:50Z", "ms": 639647869635.8246 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-10T12:09:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-10T07:09:33Z", "ms": 639731373196.2537 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-10T12:57:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-10T07:57:33Z", "ms": 639734253196.2537 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:24 on Mon 9 Apr to 08:18 on Tue 10 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-09T01:24:13Z → 1990-04-10T03:18:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 9th, 12:10–12:58 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1990: Monday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1990 falls on Monday 9 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:24 on Mon 9 Apr to 08:18 on Tue 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9881, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1990-04-14T03:26:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T22:26:54Z", "ms": 640045613915.0239 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-15T00:19:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-14T19:19:01Z", "ms": 642712740813.8347 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1990-04-14T03:26:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T22:26:54Z", "ms": 640045613915.0239 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-14T03:26:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T22:26:54Z", "ms": 640045613915.0239 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-13T06:12:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T01:12:31Z", "ms": 639969151424.8767 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-14T06:11:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T01:11:34Z", "ms": 640055494438.1204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-14T06:11:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T01:11:34Z", "ms": 640055494438.1204 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-15T06:10:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-15T01:10:38Z", "ms": 640141837977.4435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 03:27 on Sat 14 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-13T22:26:54Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:13 on the 13th, and from 06:12 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 9881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1990-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1990-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaiśākhī 1990 falls on Friday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 03:27 on Sat 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-04-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-13T15:13:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T10:13:37Z", "ms": 640001616613.9661 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-14T17:40:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T12:40:52Z", "ms": 640096851854.654 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-13T15:13:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T10:13:37Z", "ms": 640001616613.9661 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-14T17:40:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T12:40:52Z", "ms": 640096851854.654 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-13T21:55:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T16:55:51Z", "ms": 640025750519.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-13T21:55:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-13T16:55:51Z", "ms": 640025750519.9546 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-14T22:49:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T17:49:43Z", "ms": 640115383059.4434 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-14T22:49:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-14T17:49:43Z", "ms": 640115383059.4434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:14 on Fri 13 Apr to 17:41 on Sat 14 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-13T10:13:37Z → 1990-04-14T12:40:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:56 on the 13th and 22:50 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Friday 13 April. Caturthī runs from 15:14 on Fri 13 Apr to 17:41 on Sat 14 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-04-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-04-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23062, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-20T23:40:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-20T18:40:50Z", "ms": 640636850121.4568 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-21T22:04:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-21T17:04:46Z", "ms": 640717485824.835 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-20T23:40:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-20T18:40:50Z", "ms": 640636850121.4568 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-21T22:04:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-21T17:04:46Z", "ms": 640717485824.835 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-21T06:05:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-21T01:05:12Z", "ms": 640659911728.164 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-21T06:05:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-21T01:05:12Z", "ms": 640659911728.164 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-22T06:04:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T01:04:20Z", "ms": 640746259673.4086 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-22T06:04:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T01:04:20Z", "ms": 640746259673.4086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:41 on Fri 20 Apr to 22:05 on Sat 21 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-20T18:40:50Z → 1990-04-21T17:04:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 21st and 06:04 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23062 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 21 April. Ekādaśī runs from 23:41 on Fri 20 Apr to 22:05 on Sat 21 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-04-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-22T19:43:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T14:43:06Z", "ms": 640795385884.5448 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-23T16:43:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T11:43:09Z", "ms": 640870988954.0138 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-22T19:43:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T14:43:06Z", "ms": 640795385884.5448 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-23T16:43:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T11:43:09Z", "ms": 640870988954.0138 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-22T18:57:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T13:57:04Z", "ms": 640792624258.3617 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-22T20:25:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-22T15:25:55Z", "ms": 640797955469.7341 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-23T18:57:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T13:57:32Z", "ms": 640879052369.332 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-23T20:26:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T15:26:13Z", "ms": 640884373088.002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:43 on Sun 22 Apr to 16:43 on Mon 23 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-22T14:43:06Z → 1990-04-23T11:43:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:26 on the 22nd, 18:58–20:26 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 43 of 89 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 89 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Sunday 22 April. Trayodaśī runs from 19:43 on Sun 22 Apr to 16:43 on Mon 23 Apr and covers 43 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-04-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26576, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-23T16:43:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T11:43:09Z", "ms": 640870988954.0138 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-24T13:14:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-24T08:14:21Z", "ms": 640944861025.9421 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-23T16:43:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T11:43:09Z", "ms": 640870988954.0138 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-24T13:14:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-24T08:14:21Z", "ms": 640944861025.9421 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-24T00:06:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T19:06:05Z", "ms": 640897565064.3444 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-24T00:54:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-23T19:54:05Z", "ms": 640900445064.3444 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-25T00:05:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-24T19:05:54Z", "ms": 640983954303.6978 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-25T00:53:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-24T19:53:54Z", "ms": 640986834303.6978 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:43 on Mon 23 Apr to 13:14 on Tue 24 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-23T11:43:09Z → 1990-04-24T08:14:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:06–00:54 on the 23rd, 00:06–00:54 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26576 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Monday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Monday 23 April. Caturdaśī runs from 16:43 on Mon 23 Apr to 13:14 on Tue 24 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T01:45:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z", "ms": 641162702800.1919 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T01:45:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z", "ms": 641162702800.1919 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T06:00:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T01:00:11Z", "ms": 641178010663.1594 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T10:19:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T05:19:56Z", "ms": 641193595985.437 } }, "covered_min": 260, "window_min": 260, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-28T05:59:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T00:59:23Z", "ms": 641264363240.9137 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-28T10:19:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T05:19:34Z", "ms": 641279974032.0583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 260, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Fri 27 Apr to 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z → 1990-04-27T17:12:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:00–10:20 on the 27th, 05:59–10:20 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 260 of 260 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 260 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1990 falls on Friday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Fri 27 Apr to 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6280, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T01:45:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z", "ms": 641162702800.1919 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T01:45:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z", "ms": 641162702800.1919 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-26T18:58:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T13:58:58Z", "ms": 641138337805.5072 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-26T20:27:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-26T15:27:08Z", "ms": 641143627519.8608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T18:59:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T13:59:27Z", "ms": 641224766629.9922 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T20:27:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T15:27:26Z", "ms": 641230046178.1151 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Fri 27 Apr to 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-26T20:45:03Z → 1990-04-27T17:12:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:27 on the 26th, 18:59–20:27 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 26th and 88 of 88 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6280 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1990 falls on Friday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Fri 27 Apr to 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-04-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-28T19:05:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T14:05:08Z", "ms": 641311507692.3081 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T22:12:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z", "ms": 641236325829.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-28T19:05:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T14:05:08Z", "ms": 641311507692.3081 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-27T12:05:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T07:05:49Z", "ms": 641199948646.5758 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-27T12:53:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-27T07:53:49Z", "ms": 641202828646.5758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-28T12:05:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T07:05:39Z", "ms": 641286339427.6306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-28T12:53:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T07:53:39Z", "ms": 641289219427.6306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr to 19:05 on Sat 28 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-27T17:12:06Z → 1990-04-28T14:05:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 27th, 12:06–12:54 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Saturday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 22:12 on Fri 27 Apr to 19:05 on Sat 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-28T19:05:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T14:05:08Z", "ms": 641311507692.3081 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-29T16:32:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-29T11:32:43Z", "ms": 641388763036.669 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-28T19:05:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T14:05:08Z", "ms": 641311507692.3081 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-29T16:32:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-29T11:32:43Z", "ms": 641388763036.669 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-28T12:05:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T07:05:39Z", "ms": 641286339427.6306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-28T12:53:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-28T07:53:39Z", "ms": 641289219427.6306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-29T12:05:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-29T07:05:31Z", "ms": 641372730701.7063 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-29T12:53:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-29T07:53:31Z", "ms": 641375610701.7063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:05 on Sat 28 Apr to 16:33 on Sun 29 Apr.", "fact": "1990-04-28T14:05:08Z → 1990-04-29T11:32:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 28th, 12:06–12:54 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1990 falls on Sunday 29 April. Pañcamī runs from 19:05 on Sat 28 Apr to 16:33 on Sun 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2465, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-04-30T14:41:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-30T09:41:15Z", "ms": 641468475090.5773 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-01T13:34:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-01T08:34:20Z", "ms": 641550859503.438 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-04-30T14:41:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-30T09:41:15Z", "ms": 641468475090.5773 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-01T13:34:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-01T08:34:20Z", "ms": 641550859503.438 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-04-30T12:05:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-30T07:05:22Z", "ms": 641459122474.4546 }, "end": { "local": "1990-04-30T12:53:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-04-30T07:53:22Z", "ms": 641462002474.4546 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-01T12:05:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-01T07:05:15Z", "ms": 641545514752.1853 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-01T12:53:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-01T07:53:15Z", "ms": 641548394752.1853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:41 on Mon 30 Apr to 13:34 on Tue 1 May.", "fact": "1990-04-30T09:41:15Z → 1990-05-01T08:34:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 30th, 12:05–12:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2465 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1990 falls on Tuesday 1 May. Saptamī runs from 14:41 on Mon 30 Apr to 13:34 on Tue 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30888, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-04T14:29:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-04T09:29:45Z", "ms": 641813384504.4633 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-04T14:29:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-04T09:29:45Z", "ms": 641813384504.4633 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-04T05:54:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-04T00:54:57Z", "ms": 641782496881.7563 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-04T05:54:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-04T00:54:57Z", "ms": 641782496881.7563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T05:54:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T00:54:16Z", "ms": 641868855700.4076 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-05T05:54:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T00:54:16Z", "ms": 641868855700.4076 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:30 on Fri 4 May to 15:57 on Sat 5 May.", "fact": "1990-05-04T09:29:45Z → 1990-05-05T10:56:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:55 on the 4th and 05:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30888 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 14:30 on Fri 4 May to 15:57 on Sat 5 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11043, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T12:04:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T07:04:49Z", "ms": 641891089056.134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-05T12:52:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T07:52:49Z", "ms": 641893969056.134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-06T12:04:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T07:04:44Z", "ms": 641977483967.0546 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T12:52:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T07:52:44Z", "ms": 641980363967.0546 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:57 on Sat 5 May to 17:47 on Sun 6 May.", "fact": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z → 1990-05-06T12:46:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 5th, 12:05–12:53 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11043 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 6 May. Dvādaśī runs from 15:57 on Sat 5 May to 17:47 on Sun 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11043, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T15:56:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z", "ms": 641905011823.0885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-05T12:04:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T07:04:49Z", "ms": 641891089056.134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-05T12:52:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-05T07:52:49Z", "ms": 641893969056.134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-06T12:04:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T07:04:44Z", "ms": 641977483967.0546 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T12:52:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T07:52:44Z", "ms": 641980363967.0546 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:57 on Sat 5 May to 17:47 on Sun 6 May.", "fact": "1990-05-05T10:56:52Z → 1990-05-06T12:46:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 5th, 12:05–12:53 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11043 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 6 May. Dvādaśī runs from 15:57 on Sat 5 May to 17:47 on Sun 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:52:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:52:27Z", "ms": 642091947023.0758 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-06T17:46:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z", "ms": 641997999913.7898 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:52:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:52:27Z", "ms": 642091947023.0758 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-06T19:03:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T14:03:52Z", "ms": 642002632444.0479 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-06T20:30:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-06T15:30:25Z", "ms": 642007824954.2408 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:04:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:04:23Z", "ms": 642089062581.2336 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-07T20:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T15:30:46Z", "ms": 642094245978.5653 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:47 on Sun 6 May to 19:52 on Mon 7 May.", "fact": "1990-05-06T12:46:40Z → 1990-05-07T14:52:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:30 on the 6th, 19:04–20:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 86 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Sunday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 17:47 on Sun 6 May to 19:52 on Mon 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:52:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:52:27Z", "ms": 642091947023.0758 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:52:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:52:27Z", "ms": 642091947023.0758 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-07T19:04:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T14:04:23Z", "ms": 642089062581.2336 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-07T20:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-07T15:30:46Z", "ms": 642094245978.5653 } }, "covered_min": 38, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T19:04:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T14:04:53Z", "ms": 642175492816.4357 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-08T20:31:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T15:31:07Z", "ms": 642180667225.102 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:52 on Mon 7 May to 22:09 on Tue 8 May.", "fact": "1990-05-07T14:52:27Z → 1990-05-08T17:08:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:31 on the 7th, 19:05–20:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 38 of 86 minutes on the 7th and 86 of 86 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1990 falls on Tuesday 8 May. Caturdaśī runs from 19:52 on Mon 7 May to 22:09 on Tue 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 38 minutes; by the rule the second evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33364, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-10T00:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T19:30:46Z", "ms": 642281445849.8448 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-10T00:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T19:30:46Z", "ms": 642281445849.8448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T12:04:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T07:04:35Z", "ms": 642150275438.8285 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-08T12:52:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T07:52:35Z", "ms": 642153155438.8285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-09T12:04:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T07:04:32Z", "ms": 642236672011.6643 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-09T12:52:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T07:52:32Z", "ms": 642239552011.6643 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:09 on Tue 8 May to 00:31 on Thu 10 May.", "fact": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z → 1990-05-09T19:30:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 8th, 12:05–12:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33364 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1990 falls on Wednesday 9 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:09 on Tue 8 May to 00:31 on Thu 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33364, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-10T00:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T19:30:46Z", "ms": 642281445849.8448 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T22:08:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z", "ms": 642186518980.7906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-10T00:30:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T19:30:46Z", "ms": 642281445849.8448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-08T12:04:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T07:04:35Z", "ms": 642150275438.8285 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-08T12:52:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-08T07:52:35Z", "ms": 642153155438.8285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-09T12:04:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T07:04:32Z", "ms": 642236672011.6643 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-09T12:52:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-09T07:52:32Z", "ms": 642239552011.6643 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:09 on Tue 8 May to 00:31 on Thu 10 May.", "fact": "1990-05-08T17:08:39Z → 1990-05-09T19:30:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 8th, 12:05–12:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33364 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 9 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:09 on Tue 8 May to 00:31 on Thu 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-05-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-13T07:30:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-13T02:30:59Z", "ms": 642565859361.6556 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-14T09:31:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-14T04:31:15Z", "ms": 642659474520.3174 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-13T07:30:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-13T02:30:59Z", "ms": 642565859361.6556 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-14T09:31:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-14T04:31:15Z", "ms": 642659474520.3174 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-12T21:37:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-12T16:37:00Z", "ms": 642530219542.279 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-12T21:37:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-12T16:37:00Z", "ms": 642530219542.279 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-13T22:26:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-13T17:26:34Z", "ms": 642619594132.5322 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-13T22:26:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-13T17:26:34Z", "ms": 642619594132.5322 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:31 on Sun 13 May to 09:31 on Mon 14 May.", "fact": "1990-05-13T02:30:59Z → 1990-05-14T04:31:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:37 on the 12th and 22:27 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Sunday 13 May. Caturthī runs from 07:31 on Sun 13 May to 09:31 on Mon 14 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-05-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-05-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5121, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-20T09:41:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-20T04:41:42Z", "ms": 643178502104.7153 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-21T07:11:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T02:11:02Z", "ms": 643255862248.6666 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-20T09:41:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-20T04:41:42Z", "ms": 643178502104.7153 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-21T07:11:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T02:11:02Z", "ms": 643255862248.6666 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-20T05:46:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-20T00:46:05Z", "ms": 643164364842.0392 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-20T05:46:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-20T00:46:05Z", "ms": 643164364842.0392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-21T05:45:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T00:45:41Z", "ms": 643250741307.9272 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-21T05:45:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T00:45:41Z", "ms": 643250741307.9272 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:42 on Sun 20 May to 07:11 on Mon 21 May.", "fact": "1990-05-20T04:41:42Z → 1990-05-21T02:11:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:46 on the 20th and 05:46 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5121 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aparā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Monday 21 May. Ekādaśī runs from 09:42 on Sun 20 May to 07:11 on Mon 21 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-05-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-22T04:04:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T23:04:43Z", "ms": 643331083447.3539 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:31:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:31:39Z", "ms": 643404698918.6095 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-22T04:04:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T23:04:43Z", "ms": 643331083447.3539 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:31:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:31:39Z", "ms": 643404698918.6095 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-21T19:11:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T14:11:30Z", "ms": 643299089832.4349 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-21T20:36:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-21T15:36:00Z", "ms": 643304160386.5452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-22T19:12:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T14:12:00Z", "ms": 643385520120.6543 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-22T20:36:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T15:36:24Z", "ms": 643390583822.7701 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:05 on Tue 22 May to 00:32 on Wed 23 May.", "fact": "1990-05-21T23:04:43Z → 1990-05-22T19:31:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:11–20:36 on the 21st, 19:12–20:36 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 21st and 84 of 84 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 22 May. Trayodaśī runs from 04:05 on Tue 22 May to 00:32 on Wed 23 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-05-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1250, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:31:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:31:39Z", "ms": 643404698918.6095 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-23T20:42:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-23T15:42:06Z", "ms": 643477325615.8235 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:31:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:31:39Z", "ms": 643404698918.6095 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-23T20:42:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-23T15:42:06Z", "ms": 643477325615.8235 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:04:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:04:29Z", "ms": 643403069003.5889 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-23T00:52:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-22T19:52:29Z", "ms": 643405949003.5889 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-24T00:04:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-23T19:04:34Z", "ms": 643489474133.1034 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-24T00:52:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-23T19:52:34Z", "ms": 643492354133.1034 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:32 on Wed 23 May to 20:42 on Wed 23 May.", "fact": "1990-05-22T19:31:39Z → 1990-05-23T15:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 22nd, 00:05–00:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 21 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1250 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Tuesday 22 May. Caturdaśī runs from 00:32 on Wed 23 May to 20:42 on Wed 23 May and covers 21 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-05-26T09:25:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-26T04:25:52Z", "ms": 643695952186.2795 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-27T06:20:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T01:20:58Z", "ms": 643771258052.2349 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-26T09:25:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-26T04:25:52Z", "ms": 643695952186.2795 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-27T06:20:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T01:20:58Z", "ms": 643771258052.2349 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-26T12:05:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-26T07:05:01Z", "ms": 643705500698.342 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-26T12:53:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-26T07:53:01Z", "ms": 643708380698.342 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-27T12:05:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T07:05:07Z", "ms": 643791907204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-27T12:53:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T07:53:07Z", "ms": 643794787204.7646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:26 on Sat 26 May to 06:21 on Sun 27 May.", "fact": "1990-05-26T04:25:52Z → 1990-05-27T01:20:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 26th, 12:05–12:53 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1990 falls on Saturday 26 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:26 on Sat 26 May to 06:21 on Sun 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-05-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20649, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-27T06:20:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T01:20:58Z", "ms": 643771258052.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-28T03:52:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T22:52:16Z", "ms": 643848736477.5828 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-27T06:20:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T01:20:58Z", "ms": 643771258052.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-28T03:52:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T22:52:16Z", "ms": 643848736477.5828 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-27T12:05:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T07:05:07Z", "ms": 643791907204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-27T12:53:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-27T07:53:07Z", "ms": 643794787204.7646 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-28T12:05:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T07:05:14Z", "ms": 643878314165.404 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-28T12:53:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T07:53:14Z", "ms": 643881194165.404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:21 on Sun 27 May to 03:52 on Mon 28 May.", "fact": "1990-05-27T01:20:58Z → 1990-05-27T22:52:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 27th, 12:05–12:53 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20649 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Sunday 27 May. Caturthī runs from 06:21 on Sun 27 May to 03:52 on Mon 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T02:06:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z", "ms": 643928803146.3688 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T01:08:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T20:08:29Z", "ms": 644011708994.2448 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T02:06:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z", "ms": 643928803146.3688 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T01:08:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T20:08:29Z", "ms": 644011708994.2448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T12:05:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T07:05:22Z", "ms": 643964721564.0732 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-29T12:53:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T07:53:22Z", "ms": 643967601564.0732 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-30T12:05:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-30T07:05:29Z", "ms": 644051129385.2468 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T12:53:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-30T07:53:29Z", "ms": 644054009385.2468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:07 on Tue 29 May to 01:08 on Wed 30 May.", "fact": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z → 1990-05-29T20:08:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:07 on Tue 29 May to 01:08 on Wed 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T02:06:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z", "ms": 643928803146.3688 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T01:08:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T20:08:29Z", "ms": 644011708994.2448 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T02:06:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z", "ms": 643928803146.3688 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T01:08:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T20:08:29Z", "ms": 644011708994.2448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-29T12:05:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T07:05:22Z", "ms": 643964721564.0732 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-29T12:53:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-29T07:53:22Z", "ms": 643967601564.0732 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-05-30T12:05:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-30T07:05:29Z", "ms": 644051129385.2468 }, "end": { "local": "1990-05-30T12:53:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-05-30T07:53:29Z", "ms": 644054009385.2468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:07 on Tue 29 May to 01:08 on Wed 30 May.", "fact": "1990-05-28T21:06:43Z → 1990-05-29T20:08:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1990 falls on Tuesday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:07 on Tue 29 May to 01:08 on Wed 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-06-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3561, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-03T04:34:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-02T23:34:21Z", "ms": 644369660634.5847 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-04T06:41:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T01:41:40Z", "ms": 644463700015.893 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-03T04:34:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-02T23:34:21Z", "ms": 644369660634.5847 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-04T06:41:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T01:41:40Z", "ms": 644463700015.893 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-03T05:42:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-03T00:42:26Z", "ms": 644373745746.665 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-03T05:42:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-03T00:42:26Z", "ms": 644373745746.665 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-04T05:42:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T00:42:19Z", "ms": 644460139118.2643 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-04T05:42:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T00:42:19Z", "ms": 644460139118.2643 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:34 on Sun 3 Jun to 06:42 on Mon 4 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-02T23:34:21Z → 1990-06-04T01:41:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:42 on the 3rd and 05:42 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3561 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Monday 4 June. Ekādaśī runs from 04:34 on Sun 3 Jun to 06:42 on Mon 4 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11108, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-04T06:41:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T01:41:40Z", "ms": 644463700015.893 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-05T09:01:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T04:01:16Z", "ms": 644558476360.0842 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-04T06:41:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T01:41:40Z", "ms": 644463700015.893 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-05T09:01:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T04:01:16Z", "ms": 644558476360.0842 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-04T12:06:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T07:06:14Z", "ms": 644483174304.6663 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-04T12:54:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-04T07:54:14Z", "ms": 644486054304.6663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-05T12:06:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T07:06:24Z", "ms": 644569584346.4875 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-05T12:54:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T07:54:24Z", "ms": 644572464346.4875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:42 on Mon 4 Jun to 09:01 on Tue 5 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-04T01:41:40Z → 1990-06-05T04:01:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 4th, 12:06–12:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11108 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Monday 4 June. Dvādaśī runs from 06:42 on Mon 4 Jun to 09:01 on Tue 5 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-06-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28433, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-05T09:01:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T04:01:16Z", "ms": 644558476360.0842 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-06T11:25:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-06T06:25:07Z", "ms": 644653507045.3772 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-05T09:01:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T04:01:16Z", "ms": 644558476360.0842 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-06T11:25:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-06T06:25:07Z", "ms": 644653507045.3772 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-05T19:18:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T14:18:35Z", "ms": 644595515018.2701 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-05T20:41:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-05T15:41:44Z", "ms": 644600503603.8839 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-06T19:19:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-06T14:19:00Z", "ms": 644681939999.775 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-06T20:42:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-06T15:42:05Z", "ms": 644686924842.3292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:01 on Tue 5 Jun to 11:25 on Wed 6 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-05T04:01:16Z → 1990-06-06T06:25:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:42 on the 5th, 19:19–20:42 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28433 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 5 June. Trayodaśī runs from 09:01 on Tue 5 Jun to 11:25 on Wed 6 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-06-07T13:46:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-07T08:46:45Z", "ms": 644748404798.312 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-08T16:01:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-08T11:01:07Z", "ms": 644842867075.6508 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-07T13:46:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-07T08:46:45Z", "ms": 644748404798.312 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-08T16:01:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-08T11:01:07Z", "ms": 644842867075.6508 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-07T19:19:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-07T14:19:24Z", "ms": 644768364409.9624 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-07T20:42:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-07T15:42:26Z", "ms": 644773345741.0751 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-08T19:19:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-08T14:19:48Z", "ms": 644854788223.286 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-08T20:42:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-08T15:42:46Z", "ms": 644859766276.9384 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:47 on Thu 7 Jun to 16:01 on Fri 8 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-07T08:46:45Z → 1990-06-08T11:01:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:42 on the 7th, 19:20–20:43 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 83 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 7 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:47 on Thu 7 Jun to 16:01 on Fri 8 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-06-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-11T21:19:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-11T16:19:28Z", "ms": 645121168245.1552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-12T22:22:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-12T17:22:59Z", "ms": 645211378662.4387 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-11T21:19:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-11T16:19:28Z", "ms": 645121168245.1552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-12T22:22:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-12T17:22:59Z", "ms": 645211378662.4387 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-11T21:53:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-11T16:53:37Z", "ms": 645123216912.8888 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-11T21:53:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-11T16:53:37Z", "ms": 645123216912.8888 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-12T22:32:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-12T17:32:42Z", "ms": 645211962430.1919 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-12T22:32:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-12T17:32:42Z", "ms": 645211962430.1919 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:19 on Mon 11 Jun to 22:23 on Tue 12 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-11T16:19:28Z → 1990-06-12T17:22:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:54 on the 11th and 22:33 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Monday 11 June. Caturthī runs from 21:19 on Mon 11 Jun to 22:23 on Tue 12 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-06-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-06-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29032, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-18T16:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-18T11:43:43Z", "ms": 645709422820.5812 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-19T13:46:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-19T08:46:49Z", "ms": 645785209159.9491 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-18T16:43:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-18T11:43:43Z", "ms": 645709422820.5812 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-19T13:46:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-19T08:46:49Z", "ms": 645785209159.9491 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-18T05:42:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-18T00:42:47Z", "ms": 645669767088.2952 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-18T05:42:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-18T00:42:47Z", "ms": 645669767088.2952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-19T05:42:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-19T00:42:57Z", "ms": 645756177253.9935 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-19T05:42:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-19T00:42:57Z", "ms": 645756177253.9935 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:44 on Mon 18 Jun to 13:47 on Tue 19 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-18T11:43:43Z → 1990-06-19T08:46:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:43 on the 18th and 05:43 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Tuesday 19 June. Ekādaśī runs from 16:44 on Mon 18 Jun to 13:47 on Tue 19 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-06-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32117, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-20T10:28:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T05:28:21Z", "ms": 645859700828.1001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-21T06:57:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T01:57:01Z", "ms": 645933421440.7386 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-20T10:28:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T05:28:21Z", "ms": 645859700828.1001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-21T06:57:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T01:57:01Z", "ms": 645933421440.7386 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-20T19:23:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T14:23:38Z", "ms": 645891818080.8065 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-20T20:46:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T15:46:16Z", "ms": 645896775742.854 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-21T19:23:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T14:23:52Z", "ms": 645978231778.6959 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-21T20:46:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T15:46:29Z", "ms": 645983189357.146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:28 on Wed 20 Jun to 06:57 on Thu 21 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-20T05:28:21Z → 1990-06-21T01:57:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:24–20:46 on the 20th, 19:24–20:46 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 83 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32117 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 20 June. Trayodaśī runs from 10:28 on Wed 20 Jun to 06:57 on Thu 21 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-06-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8684, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-21T06:57:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T01:57:01Z", "ms": 645933421440.7386 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-22T03:22:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T22:22:26Z", "ms": 646006946325.9431 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-21T06:57:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T01:57:01Z", "ms": 645933421440.7386 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-22T03:22:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T22:22:26Z", "ms": 646006946325.9431 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-21T00:09:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T19:09:29Z", "ms": 645908969313.4846 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-21T00:57:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-20T19:57:29Z", "ms": 645911849313.4846 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-22T00:09:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T19:09:43Z", "ms": 645995382697.8835 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-22T00:57:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-21T19:57:43Z", "ms": 645998262697.8835 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:57 on Thu 21 Jun to 03:22 on Fri 22 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-21T01:57:01Z → 1990-06-21T22:22:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 20th, 00:10–00:58 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8684 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Thursday 21 June. Caturdaśī runs from 06:57 on Thu 21 Jun to 03:22 on Fri 22 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18016, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-06-23T20:43:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-23T15:43:27Z", "ms": 646155807349.7125 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-24T17:58:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-24T12:58:31Z", "ms": 646232310763.408 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-23T20:43:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-23T15:43:27Z", "ms": 646155807349.7125 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-24T17:58:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-24T12:58:31Z", "ms": 646232310763.408 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-23T12:10:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-23T07:10:02Z", "ms": 646125001918.2041 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-23T12:58:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-23T07:58:02Z", "ms": 646127881918.2041 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-24T12:10:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-24T07:10:15Z", "ms": 646211414700.0862 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-24T12:58:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-24T07:58:15Z", "ms": 646214294700.0862 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:43 on Sat 23 Jun to 17:59 on Sun 24 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-23T15:43:27Z → 1990-06-24T12:58:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18016 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rathayātrā 1990 falls on Sunday 24 June. Dvitīyā runs from 20:43 on Sat 23 Jun to 17:59 on Sun 24 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-06-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4837, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-25T15:48:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-25T10:48:12Z", "ms": 646310892304.1052 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-26T14:19:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T09:19:17Z", "ms": 646391957394.9329 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-25T15:48:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-25T10:48:12Z", "ms": 646310892304.1052 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-26T14:19:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T09:19:17Z", "ms": 646391957394.9329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-25T12:10:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-25T07:10:27Z", "ms": 646297827379.0142 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-25T12:58:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-25T07:58:27Z", "ms": 646300707379.0142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-26T12:10:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T07:10:40Z", "ms": 646384239927.275 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-26T12:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T07:58:40Z", "ms": 646387119927.275 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:48 on Mon 25 Jun to 14:19 on Tue 26 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-25T10:48:12Z → 1990-06-26T09:19:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:11–12:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4837 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Tuesday 26 June. Caturthī runs from 15:48 on Mon 25 Jun to 14:19 on Tue 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-26T14:19:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T09:19:17Z", "ms": 646391957394.9329 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-27T13:36:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-27T08:36:07Z", "ms": 646475766670.0073 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-26T14:19:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T09:19:17Z", "ms": 646391957394.9329 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-27T13:36:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-27T08:36:07Z", "ms": 646475766670.0073 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-26T12:10:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T07:10:40Z", "ms": 646384239927.275 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-26T12:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-26T07:58:40Z", "ms": 646387119927.275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-27T12:10:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-27T07:10:52Z", "ms": 646470652318.6687 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-27T12:58:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-27T07:58:52Z", "ms": 646473532318.6687 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:19 on Tue 26 Jun to 13:36 on Wed 27 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-26T09:19:17Z → 1990-06-27T08:36:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 26th, 12:11–12:59 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Pañcamī 1990 falls on Wednesday 27 June. Pañcamī runs from 14:19 on Tue 26 Jun to 13:36 on Wed 27 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2449, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-06-28T13:39:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-28T08:39:54Z", "ms": 646562393932.5469 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-29T14:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-29T09:28:17Z", "ms": 646651697319.4926 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-06-28T13:39:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-28T08:39:54Z", "ms": 646562393932.5469 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-29T14:28:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-29T09:28:17Z", "ms": 646651697319.4926 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-28T12:11:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-28T07:11:05Z", "ms": 646557064528.4697 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-28T12:59:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-28T07:59:05Z", "ms": 646559944528.4697 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-06-29T12:11:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-29T07:11:17Z", "ms": 646643476533.2668 }, "end": { "local": "1990-06-29T12:59:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-06-29T07:59:17Z", "ms": 646646356533.2668 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:40 on Thu 28 Jun to 14:28 on Fri 29 Jun.", "fact": "1990-06-28T08:39:54Z → 1990-06-29T09:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 28th, 12:11–12:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2449 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vivasvat Saptamī 1990 falls on Friday 29 June. Saptamī runs from 13:40 on Thu 28 Jun to 14:28 on Fri 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-07-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26219, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-02T20:07:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-02T15:07:18Z", "ms": 646931237855.6552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-03T22:30:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-03T17:30:14Z", "ms": 647026214012.2043 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-02T20:07:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-02T15:07:18Z", "ms": 646931237855.6552 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-03T22:30:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-03T17:30:14Z", "ms": 647026214012.2043 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-03T05:46:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-03T00:46:51Z", "ms": 646966010746.437 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-03T05:46:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-03T00:46:51Z", "ms": 646966010746.437 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-04T05:47:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T00:47:13Z", "ms": 647052432760.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-04T05:47:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T00:47:13Z", "ms": 647052432760.7769 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:07 on Mon 2 Jul to 22:30 on Tue 3 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-02T15:07:18Z → 1990-07-03T17:30:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:47 on the 3rd and 05:47 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26219 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Tuesday 3 July. Ekādaśī runs from 20:07 on Mon 2 Jul to 22:30 on Tue 3 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-07-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14540, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-05T00:50:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T19:50:32Z", "ms": 647121031544.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-06T02:59:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-05T21:59:53Z", "ms": 647215193090.9447 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-05T00:50:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T19:50:32Z", "ms": 647121031544.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-06T02:59:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-05T21:59:53Z", "ms": 647215193090.9447 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-04T19:25:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T14:25:13Z", "ms": 647101512708.9309 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-04T20:48:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-04T15:48:12Z", "ms": 647106491726.0854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-05T19:25:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-05T14:25:11Z", "ms": 647187910810.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-05T20:48:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-05T15:48:13Z", "ms": 647192893162.9283 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:51 on Thu 5 Jul to 03:00 on Fri 6 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-04T19:50:32Z → 1990-07-05T21:59:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:48 on the 4th, 19:25–20:48 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 4th and 83 of 83 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14540 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 5 July. Trayodaśī runs from 00:51 on Thu 5 Jul to 03:00 on Fri 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2083, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T05:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T00:48:22Z", "ms": 647311702073.4823 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-07T08:31:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T03:31:42Z", "ms": 647321502328.5675 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-08T05:48:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T00:48:46Z", "ms": 647398126181.1805 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T08:32:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T03:32:00Z", "ms": 647407920499.6106 } }, "covered_min": 35, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z → 1990-07-08T01:23:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:48–08:32 on the 7th, 05:49–08:32 on the 8th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 163 of 163 minutes on the 7th and 35 of 163 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2083 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vyāsa Pūjā 1990 falls on Saturday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20963, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T12:12:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T07:12:43Z", "ms": 647334762711.1953 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-07T13:00:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T08:00:43Z", "ms": 647337642711.1953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-08T12:12:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T07:12:52Z", "ms": 647421171977.2559 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T13:00:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T08:00:52Z", "ms": 647424051977.2559 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z → 1990-07-08T01:23:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 7th, 12:13–13:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20963 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Guru Pūrṇimā 1990 falls on Saturday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34026, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-06T16:41:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T11:41:42Z", "ms": 647264501844.543 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-06T19:25:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T14:25:08Z", "ms": 647274307693.0605 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T16:41:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T11:41:43Z", "ms": 647350903093.8231 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-07T19:25:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T14:25:03Z", "ms": 647360703348.9083 } }, "covered_min": 163, "window_min": 163, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z → 1990-07-08T01:23:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:42–19:25 on the 6th, 16:42–19:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 163 minutes on the 6th and 163 of 163 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34026 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kokilā Vrata 1990 falls on Saturday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T04:52:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z", "ms": 647308333812.439 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T06:23:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T01:23:29Z", "ms": 647400209036.0781 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-06T19:25:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T14:25:08Z", "ms": 647274307693.0605 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-06T20:48:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-06T15:48:14Z", "ms": 647279293610.4501 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-07T19:25:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T14:25:03Z", "ms": 647360703348.9083 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-07T20:48:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-07T15:48:13Z", "ms": 647365693059.8779 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-06T23:52:14Z → 1990-07-08T01:23:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:48 on the 6th, 19:25–20:48 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 6th and 83 of 83 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śiva Śayanotsava 1990 falls on Saturday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Sat 7 Jul to 06:23 on Sun 8 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41922, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-09T07:31:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-09T02:31:05Z", "ms": 647490664707.3531 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-10T08:13:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-10T03:13:24Z", "ms": 647579604456.869 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-09T07:31:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-09T02:31:05Z", "ms": 647490664707.3531 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-10T08:13:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-10T03:13:24Z", "ms": 647579604456.869 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-08T19:52:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T14:52:22Z", "ms": 647448742453.7806 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-08T19:52:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-08T14:52:22Z", "ms": 647448742453.7806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-09T20:33:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-09T15:33:02Z", "ms": 647537581585.8131 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-09T20:33:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-09T15:33:02Z", "ms": 647537581585.8131 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:31 on Mon 9 Jul to 08:13 on Tue 10 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-09T02:31:05Z → 1990-07-10T03:13:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:52 on the 8th and 20:33 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 41922 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Karachi, 1990: Monday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1990 falls on Monday 9 July. Dvitīyā runs from 07:31 on Mon 9 Jul to 08:13 on Tue 10 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-07-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-11T08:29:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-11T03:29:24Z", "ms": 647666963589.4628 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-12T08:18:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-12T03:18:15Z", "ms": 647752695495.2892 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-11T08:29:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-11T03:29:24Z", "ms": 647666963589.4628 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-12T08:18:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-12T03:18:15Z", "ms": 647752695495.2892 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-10T21:10:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-10T16:10:14Z", "ms": 647626213873.2306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-10T21:10:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-10T16:10:14Z", "ms": 647626213873.2306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-11T21:44:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-11T16:44:59Z", "ms": 647714698771.8618 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-11T21:44:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-11T16:44:59Z", "ms": 647714698771.8618 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:29 on Wed 11 Jul to 08:18 on Thu 12 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-11T03:29:24Z → 1990-07-12T03:18:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:10 on the 10th and 21:45 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 11 July. Caturthī runs from 08:29 on Wed 11 Jul to 08:18 on Thu 12 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-07-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-07-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-17T22:02:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-17T17:02:13Z", "ms": 648234133041.2366 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-18T19:10:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-18T14:10:42Z", "ms": 648310242201.8289 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-17T22:02:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-17T17:02:13Z", "ms": 648234133041.2366 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-18T19:10:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-18T14:10:42Z", "ms": 648310242201.8289 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-18T05:53:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-18T00:53:09Z", "ms": 648262388568.5847 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-18T05:53:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-18T00:53:09Z", "ms": 648262388568.5847 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-19T05:53:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T00:53:36Z", "ms": 648348816394.9263 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-19T05:53:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T00:53:36Z", "ms": 648348816394.9263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:02 on Tue 17 Jul to 19:11 on Wed 18 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-17T17:02:13Z → 1990-07-18T14:10:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:53 on the 18th and 05:54 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Wednesday 18 July. Ekādaśī runs from 22:02 on Tue 17 Jul to 19:11 on Wed 18 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-07-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-19T16:12:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T11:12:46Z", "ms": 648385965575.9188 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-20T13:15:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T08:15:32Z", "ms": 648461732488.2808 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-19T16:12:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T11:12:46Z", "ms": 648385965575.9188 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-20T13:15:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T08:15:32Z", "ms": 648461732488.2808 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-19T19:22:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T14:22:35Z", "ms": 648397354581.0681 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-19T20:46:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T15:46:47Z", "ms": 648402406557.1866 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-20T19:22:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T14:22:14Z", "ms": 648483734122.0648 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-20T20:46:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T15:46:33Z", "ms": 648488792580.446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:13 on Thu 19 Jul to 13:16 on Fri 20 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-19T11:12:46Z → 1990-07-20T08:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:47 on the 19th, 19:22–20:47 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 84 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Thursday 19 July. Trayodaśī runs from 16:13 on Thu 19 Jul to 13:16 on Fri 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-07-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-20T13:15:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T08:15:32Z", "ms": 648461732488.2808 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-21T10:26:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-21T05:26:45Z", "ms": 648538004695.5809 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-20T13:15:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T08:15:32Z", "ms": 648461732488.2808 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-21T10:26:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-21T05:26:45Z", "ms": 648538004695.5809 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-20T00:14:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T19:14:19Z", "ms": 648414859491.5128 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-20T01:02:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-19T20:02:19Z", "ms": 648417739491.5128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-21T00:14:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T19:14:23Z", "ms": 648501263340.9944 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-21T01:02:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-20T20:02:23Z", "ms": 648504143340.9944 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:16 on Fri 20 Jul to 10:27 on Sat 21 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-20T08:15:32Z → 1990-07-21T05:26:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 19th, 00:14–01:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Friday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Friday 20 July. Caturdaśī runs from 13:16 on Fri 20 Jul to 10:27 on Sat 21 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-07-24T04:09:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-23T23:09:00Z", "ms": 648774540386.6461 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-25T03:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T22:09:20Z", "ms": 648857359946.9169 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-24T04:09:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-23T23:09:00Z", "ms": 648774540386.6461 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-25T03:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T22:09:20Z", "ms": 648857359946.9169 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-24T12:14:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T07:14:19Z", "ms": 648803658792.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-24T13:02:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T08:02:19Z", "ms": 648806538792.4995 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-25T12:14:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T07:14:20Z", "ms": 648890059721.7471 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-25T13:02:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T08:02:20Z", "ms": 648892939721.7471 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:09 on Tue 24 Jul to 03:09 on Wed 25 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-23T23:09:00Z → 1990-07-24T22:09:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 24th, 12:14–13:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29118 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1990 falls on Tuesday 24 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:09 on Tue 24 Jul to 03:09 on Wed 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-07-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-25T03:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T22:09:20Z", "ms": 648857359946.9169 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-26T02:51:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T21:51:02Z", "ms": 648942662457.7675 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-25T03:09:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-24T22:09:20Z", "ms": 648857359946.9169 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-26T02:51:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T21:51:02Z", "ms": 648942662457.7675 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-25T12:14:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T07:14:20Z", "ms": 648890059721.7471 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-25T13:02:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T08:02:20Z", "ms": 648892939721.7471 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-26T12:14:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T07:14:20Z", "ms": 648976460050.2921 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-26T13:02:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T08:02:20Z", "ms": 648979340050.2921 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:09 on Wed 25 Jul to 02:51 on Thu 26 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-24T22:09:20Z → 1990-07-25T21:51:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 25th, 12:14–13:02 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 25 July. Caturthī runs from 03:09 on Wed 25 Jul to 02:51 on Thu 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-07-26T02:51:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T21:51:02Z", "ms": 648942662457.7675 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-27T03:15:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T22:15:30Z", "ms": 649030530409.8694 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-07-26T02:51:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-25T21:51:02Z", "ms": 648942662457.7675 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-27T03:15:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T22:15:30Z", "ms": 649030530409.8694 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-26T12:14:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T07:14:20Z", "ms": 648976460050.2921 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-26T13:02:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-26T08:02:20Z", "ms": 648979340050.2921 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-07-27T12:14:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-27T07:14:20Z", "ms": 649062859771.5029 }, "end": { "local": "1990-07-27T13:02:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-07-27T08:02:20Z", "ms": 649065739771.5029 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:51 on Thu 26 Jul to 03:16 on Fri 27 Jul.", "fact": "1990-07-25T21:51:02Z → 1990-07-26T22:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:14–13:02 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī 1990 falls on Thursday 26 July. Pañcamī runs from 02:51 on Thu 26 Jul to 03:16 on Fri 27 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-08-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-01T12:47:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-01T07:47:48Z", "ms": 649496867839.8202 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-02T14:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T09:58:03Z", "ms": 649591082501.7478 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-01T12:47:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-01T07:47:48Z", "ms": 649496867839.8202 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-02T14:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T09:58:03Z", "ms": 649591082501.7478 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-01T05:59:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-01T00:59:45Z", "ms": 649472384726.6345 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-01T05:59:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-01T00:59:45Z", "ms": 649472384726.6345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-02T06:00:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T01:00:13Z", "ms": 649558812782.118 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-02T06:00:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T01:00:13Z", "ms": 649558812782.118 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:48 on Wed 1 Aug to 14:58 on Thu 2 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-01T07:47:48Z → 1990-08-02T09:58:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:00 on the 1st and 06:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Thursday 2 August. Ekādaśī runs from 12:48 on Wed 1 Aug to 14:58 on Thu 2 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6957, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-02T14:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T09:58:03Z", "ms": 649591082501.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-03T16:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T11:47:38Z", "ms": 649684058243.8114 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-02T14:58:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T09:58:03Z", "ms": 649591082501.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-03T16:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T11:47:38Z", "ms": 649684058243.8114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-02T12:14:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T07:14:05Z", "ms": 649581245161.0096 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-02T13:02:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-02T08:02:05Z", "ms": 649584125161.0096 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-03T12:14:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T07:14:01Z", "ms": 649667640566.1287 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-03T13:02:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T08:02:01Z", "ms": 649670520566.1287 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:58 on Thu 2 Aug to 16:48 on Fri 3 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-02T09:58:03Z → 1990-08-03T11:47:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 2nd, 12:14–13:02 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6957 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Friday 3 August. Dvādaśī runs from 14:58 on Thu 2 Aug to 16:48 on Fri 3 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-08-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3897, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-03T16:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T11:47:38Z", "ms": 649684058243.8114 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-04T18:09:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-04T13:09:45Z", "ms": 649775385004.9 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-03T16:47:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T11:47:38Z", "ms": 649684058243.8114 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-04T18:09:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-04T13:09:45Z", "ms": 649775385004.9 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-03T19:15:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T14:15:20Z", "ms": 649692920416.3705 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-03T20:41:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-03T15:41:27Z", "ms": 649698086829.8284 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-04T19:14:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-04T14:14:42Z", "ms": 649779282202.9438 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-04T20:40:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-04T15:40:57Z", "ms": 649784457399.5139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:48 on Fri 3 Aug to 18:10 on Sat 4 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-03T11:47:38Z → 1990-08-04T13:09:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:41 on the 3rd, 19:15–20:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 86 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3897 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Friday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Friday 3 August. Trayodaśī runs from 16:48 on Fri 3 Aug to 18:10 on Sat 4 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4318, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-05T19:00:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T14:00:40Z", "ms": 649864840032.1678 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T19:19:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T14:19:25Z", "ms": 649952365426.728 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1990-08-06T07:14:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T02:14:02Z", "ms": 649908842108.2242 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T19:19:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T14:19:25Z", "ms": 649952365426.728 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-05T06:01:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T01:01:36Z", "ms": 649818096177.2191 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T06:02:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T01:02:04Z", "ms": 649904523687.9792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-06T06:02:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T01:02:04Z", "ms": 649904523687.9792 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-07T06:02:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-07T01:02:31Z", "ms": 649990951043.4177 } }, "covered_min": 725, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Sun 5 Aug to 19:19 on Mon 6 Aug. Its second half begins at 07:14 on Mon 6 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-05T14:00:40Z → 1990-08-06T14:19:25Z · second half from 1990-08-06T02:14:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:02 on the 5th, and from 06:02 on the 6th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 0 of 1440 minutes on the 5th and 725 of 1440 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4318 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Karachi, 1990: Monday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1990 falls on Monday 6 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 07:14 on Mon 6 Aug to 19:19 on Mon 6 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21530, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-05T19:00:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T14:00:40Z", "ms": 649864840032.1678 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T19:19:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T14:19:25Z", "ms": 649952365426.728 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-05T19:00:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T14:00:40Z", "ms": 649864840032.1678 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T19:19:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T14:19:25Z", "ms": 649952365426.728 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-05T12:13:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T07:13:50Z", "ms": 649840429547.8489 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-05T13:01:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-05T08:01:50Z", "ms": 649843309547.8489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-06T12:13:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T07:13:43Z", "ms": 649926823135.2753 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-06T13:01:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-06T08:01:43Z", "ms": 649929703135.2753 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Sun 5 Aug to 19:19 on Mon 6 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-05T14:00:40Z → 1990-08-06T14:19:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 5th, 12:14–13:02 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21530 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 1990: Monday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1990 falls on Monday 6 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Sun 5 Aug to 19:19 on Mon 6 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-07T19:07:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-07T14:07:10Z", "ms": 650038030074.2155 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-08T18:26:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T13:26:28Z", "ms": 650121988492.6273 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-07T19:07:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-07T14:07:10Z", "ms": 650038030074.2155 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-08T18:26:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T13:26:28Z", "ms": 650121988492.6273 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-07T19:45:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-07T14:45:40Z", "ms": 650040340488.0592 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-07T19:45:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-07T14:45:40Z", "ms": 650040340488.0592 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-08T20:20:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T15:20:05Z", "ms": 650128805293.1798 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-08T20:20:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T15:20:05Z", "ms": 650128805293.1798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 19:07 on Tue 7 Aug to 18:26 on Wed 8 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-07T14:07:10Z → 1990-08-08T13:26:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:46 on the 7th and 20:20 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 7 August. Dvitīyā runs from 19:07 on Tue 7 Aug to 18:26 on Wed 8 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-08T18:26:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T13:26:28Z", "ms": 650121988492.6273 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-08T18:26:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T13:26:28Z", "ms": 650121988492.6273 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-08T12:13:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T07:13:29Z", "ms": 650099608538.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-08T13:01:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-08T08:01:29Z", "ms": 650102488538.3862 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T12:13:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T07:13:20Z", "ms": 650186000370.9475 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-09T13:01:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T08:01:20Z", "ms": 650188880370.9475 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:26 on Wed 8 Aug to 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-08T13:26:28Z → 1990-08-09T12:20:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 8th, 12:13–13:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1990 falls on Thursday 9 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:26 on Wed 8 Aug to 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T15:53:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T10:53:42Z", "ms": 650285622342.066 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T15:53:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T10:53:42Z", "ms": 650285622342.066 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T16:33:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T11:33:41Z", "ms": 650201621431.2701 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-09T19:11:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T14:11:15Z", "ms": 650211075471.4852 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-10T16:33:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T11:33:11Z", "ms": 650287991337.1661 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T19:10:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T14:10:31Z", "ms": 650297431137.533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 157, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 10 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z → 1990-08-10T10:53:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:34–19:11 on the 9th, 16:33–19:11 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 111 of 158 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 157 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bahulā Caturthī 1990 falls on Thursday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 10 Aug and covers 111 of 158 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-08-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12798, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T15:53:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T10:53:42Z", "ms": 650285622342.066 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T17:20:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z", "ms": 650204444373.5061 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T15:53:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T10:53:42Z", "ms": 650285622342.066 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-09T20:54:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T15:54:03Z", "ms": 650217242595.4158 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-09T20:54:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-09T15:54:03Z", "ms": 650217242595.4158 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-10T21:28:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T16:28:54Z", "ms": 650305733985.3788 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-10T21:28:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-10T16:28:54Z", "ms": 650305733985.3788 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 10 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-09T12:20:44Z → 1990-08-10T10:53:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:54 on the 9th and 21:29 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12798 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Thursday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 17:21 on Thu 9 Aug to 15:54 on Fri 10 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-08-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-11T14:09:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-11T09:09:09Z", "ms": 650365748783.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:10:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:10:41Z", "ms": 650445041259.1205 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-11T14:09:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-11T09:09:09Z", "ms": 650365748783.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:10:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:10:41Z", "ms": 650445041259.1205 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-11T12:13:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-11T07:13:02Z", "ms": 650358782345.2517 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-11T13:01:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-11T08:01:02Z", "ms": 650361662345.2517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:12:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:12:53Z", "ms": 650445172506.8134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-12T13:00:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T08:00:53Z", "ms": 650448052506.8134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:09 on Sat 11 Aug to 12:11 on Sun 12 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-11T09:09:09Z → 1990-08-12T07:10:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 11th, 12:13–13:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 131 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1990 falls on Sunday 12 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:09 on Sat 11 Aug to 12:11 on Sun 12 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 2 min 11 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:10:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:10:41Z", "ms": 650445041259.1205 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-13T10:01:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T05:01:45Z", "ms": 650523705443.7318 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:10:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:10:41Z", "ms": 650445041259.1205 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-13T10:01:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T05:01:45Z", "ms": 650523705443.7318 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-12T12:12:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T07:12:53Z", "ms": 650445172506.8134 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-12T13:00:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T08:00:53Z", "ms": 650448052506.8134 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-13T12:12:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T07:12:42Z", "ms": 650531562131.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-13T13:00:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T08:00:42Z", "ms": 650534442131.0833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:11 on Sun 12 Aug to 10:02 on Mon 13 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-12T07:10:41Z → 1990-08-13T05:01:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 12th, 12:13–13:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 131 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalā Saptamī 1990 falls on Sunday 12 August. Saptamī runs from 12:11 on Sun 12 Aug to 10:02 on Mon 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 11 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-13T10:01:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T05:01:45Z", "ms": 650523705443.7318 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-14T07:45:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-14T02:45:38Z", "ms": 650601938180.9043 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-13T10:01:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T05:01:45Z", "ms": 650523705443.7318 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-14T07:45:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-14T02:45:38Z", "ms": 650601938180.9043 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-13T00:13:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T19:13:06Z", "ms": 650488385683.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-13T01:01:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-12T20:01:06Z", "ms": 650491265683.5227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-14T00:12:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T19:12:55Z", "ms": 650574775219.99 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-14T01:00:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-13T20:00:55Z", "ms": 650577655219.99 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:02 on Mon 13 Aug to 07:46 on Tue 14 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-13T05:01:45Z → 1990-08-14T02:45:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 12th, 00:13–01:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Janmāṣṭamī 1990 falls on Monday 13 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:02 on Mon 13 Aug to 07:46 on Tue 14 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-08-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10890, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-16T03:04:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-15T22:04:59Z", "ms": 650757899382.4596 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-17T00:47:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-16T19:47:34Z", "ms": 650836053536.863 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-16T03:04:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-15T22:04:59Z", "ms": 650757899382.4596 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-17T00:47:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-16T19:47:34Z", "ms": 650836053536.863 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-16T06:06:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-16T01:06:30Z", "ms": 650768789703.9968 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-16T06:06:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-16T01:06:30Z", "ms": 650768789703.9968 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-17T06:06:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T01:06:55Z", "ms": 650855215331.1655 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-17T06:06:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T01:06:55Z", "ms": 650855215331.1655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:05 on Thu 16 Aug to 00:48 on Fri 17 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-15T22:04:59Z → 1990-08-16T19:47:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 16th and 06:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10890 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ajā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Thursday 16 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:05 on Thu 16 Aug to 00:48 on Fri 17 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 316, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T18:57:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T13:57:56Z", "ms": 651074276293.3035 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T18:57:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T13:57:56Z", "ms": 651074276293.3035 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T19:04:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T14:04:04Z", "ms": 650988244235.2449 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:32:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:32:34Z", "ms": 650993553803.903 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-19T19:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T14:03:12Z", "ms": 651074592153.9657 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T20:31:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T15:31:52Z", "ms": 651079912004.388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug to 18:58 on Sun 19 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z → 1990-08-19T13:57:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:33 on the 18th, 19:03–20:32 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 89 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 316 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aghora Caturdaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug to 18:58 on Sun 19 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-08-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-17T22:37:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T17:37:25Z", "ms": 650914645151.7915 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-17T22:37:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T17:37:25Z", "ms": 650914645151.7915 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-17T19:04:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T14:04:56Z", "ms": 650901895536.2007 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-17T20:33:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-17T15:33:15Z", "ms": 650907194900.0337 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T19:04:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T14:04:04Z", "ms": 650988244235.2449 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:32:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:32:34Z", "ms": 650993553803.903 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:37 on Fri 17 Aug to 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-17T17:37:25Z → 1990-08-18T15:39:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:33 on the 17th, 19:04–20:33 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 17th and 88 of 88 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Saturday 18 August. Trayodaśī runs from 22:37 on Fri 17 Aug to 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-08-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12764, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T18:57:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T13:57:56Z", "ms": 651074276293.3035 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-18T20:39:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z", "ms": 650993951397.2246 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T18:57:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T13:57:56Z", "ms": 651074276293.3035 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-19T00:11:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T19:11:55Z", "ms": 651006715117.7126 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-19T00:59:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-18T19:59:55Z", "ms": 651009595117.7126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-20T00:11:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T19:11:42Z", "ms": 651093101593.0493 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-20T00:59:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-19T19:59:42Z", "ms": 651095981593.0493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug to 18:58 on Sun 19 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-18T15:39:11Z → 1990-08-19T13:57:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:12–01:00 on the 18th, 00:12–01:00 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12764 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Saturday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:39 on Sat 18 Aug to 18:58 on Sun 19 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13719, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-20T17:39:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-20T12:39:00Z", "ms": 651155940260.2747 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-21T16:47:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-21T11:47:40Z", "ms": 651239259875.273 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-20T17:39:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-20T12:39:00Z", "ms": 651155940260.2747 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-21T16:47:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-21T11:47:40Z", "ms": 651239259875.273 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-20T12:11:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-20T07:11:15Z", "ms": 651136275171.7415 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-20T12:59:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-20T07:59:15Z", "ms": 651139155171.7415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-21T12:11:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-21T07:11:01Z", "ms": 651222660791.773 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-21T12:59:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-21T07:59:01Z", "ms": 651225540791.773 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 17:39 on Mon 20 Aug to 16:48 on Tue 21 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-20T12:39:00Z → 1990-08-21T11:47:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 20th, 12:11–12:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13719 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rudra Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 21 August. Pratipadā runs from 17:39 on Mon 20 Aug to 16:48 on Tue 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12590, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-08-22T16:28:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-22T11:28:36Z", "ms": 651324516204.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-23T16:45:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T11:45:11Z", "ms": 651411911296.549 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-22T16:28:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-22T11:28:36Z", "ms": 651324516204.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-23T16:45:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T11:45:11Z", "ms": 651411911296.549 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-22T12:10:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-22T07:10:46Z", "ms": 651309045945.6577 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-22T12:58:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-22T07:58:46Z", "ms": 651311925945.6577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-23T12:10:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T07:10:31Z", "ms": 651395430642.8765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-23T12:58:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T07:58:31Z", "ms": 651398310642.8765 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:29 on Wed 22 Aug to 16:45 on Thu 23 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-22T11:28:36Z → 1990-08-23T11:45:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 22nd, 12:11–12:59 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12590 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1990 falls on Thursday 23 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:29 on Wed 22 Aug to 16:45 on Thu 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13601, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-23T16:45:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T11:45:11Z", "ms": 651411911296.549 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-24T17:38:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T12:38:36Z", "ms": 651501515550.2441 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-23T16:45:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T11:45:11Z", "ms": 651411911296.549 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-24T17:38:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T12:38:36Z", "ms": 651501515550.2441 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-23T12:10:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T07:10:31Z", "ms": 651395430642.8765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-23T12:58:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-23T07:58:31Z", "ms": 651398310642.8765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-24T12:10:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T07:10:15Z", "ms": 651481814893.9662 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-24T12:58:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T07:58:15Z", "ms": 651484694893.9662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Thu 23 Aug to 17:39 on Fri 24 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-23T11:45:11Z → 1990-08-24T12:38:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13601 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1990 falls on Friday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Thu 23 Aug to 17:39 on Fri 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-24T17:38:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T12:38:36Z", "ms": 651501515550.2441 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-25T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T14:06:54Z", "ms": 651593214229.0625 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-24T17:38:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T12:38:36Z", "ms": 651501515550.2441 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-25T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T14:06:54Z", "ms": 651593214229.0625 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-24T12:10:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T07:10:15Z", "ms": 651481814893.9662 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-24T12:58:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-24T07:58:15Z", "ms": 651484694893.9662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-25T12:09:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T07:09:59Z", "ms": 651568198710.5074 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-25T12:57:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T07:57:59Z", "ms": 651571078710.5074 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:39 on Fri 24 Aug to 19:07 on Sat 25 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-24T12:38:36Z → 1990-08-25T14:06:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 24th, 12:10–12:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 16821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1990 falls on Saturday 25 August. Pañcamī runs from 17:39 on Fri 24 Aug to 19:07 on Sat 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-25T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T14:06:54Z", "ms": 651593214229.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-26T21:04:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T16:04:28Z", "ms": 651686668467.4788 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-25T19:06:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T14:06:54Z", "ms": 651593214229.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-26T21:04:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T16:04:28Z", "ms": 651686668467.4788 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-25T12:09:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T07:09:59Z", "ms": 651568198710.5074 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-25T12:57:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-25T07:57:59Z", "ms": 651571078710.5074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-26T12:09:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T07:09:42Z", "ms": 651654582105.0695 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-26T12:57:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T07:57:42Z", "ms": 651657462105.0695 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:07 on Sat 25 Aug to 21:04 on Sun 26 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-25T14:06:54Z → 1990-08-26T16:04:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:10–12:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Karachi, 1990: Sunday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1990 falls on Sunday 26 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:07 on Sat 25 Aug to 21:04 on Sun 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29206, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-26T21:04:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T16:04:28Z", "ms": 651686668467.4788 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-27T23:21:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T18:21:51Z", "ms": 651781310664.754 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-26T21:04:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T16:04:28Z", "ms": 651686668467.4788 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-27T23:21:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T18:21:51Z", "ms": 651781310664.754 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-26T12:09:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T07:09:42Z", "ms": 651654582105.0695 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-26T12:57:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-26T07:57:42Z", "ms": 651657462105.0695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-27T12:09:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T07:09:25Z", "ms": 651740965091.1362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-27T12:57:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T07:57:25Z", "ms": 651743845091.1362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:04 on Sun 26 Aug to 23:22 on Mon 27 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-26T16:04:28Z → 1990-08-27T18:21:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 26th, 12:09–12:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29206 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Monday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1990 falls on Monday 27 August. Saptamī runs from 21:04 on Sun 26 Aug to 23:22 on Mon 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37340, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-27T23:21:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T18:21:51Z", "ms": 651781310664.754 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-29T01:46:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-28T20:46:30Z", "ms": 651876390136.8197 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-27T23:21:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-27T18:21:51Z", "ms": 651781310664.754 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-29T01:46:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-28T20:46:30Z", "ms": 651876390136.8197 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-28T12:09:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-28T07:09:08Z", "ms": 651827347683.038 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-28T12:57:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-28T07:57:08Z", "ms": 651830227683.038 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-29T12:08:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-29T07:08:50Z", "ms": 651913729895.897 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-29T12:56:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-29T07:56:50Z", "ms": 651916609895.897 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:22 on Mon 27 Aug to 01:47 on Wed 29 Aug.", "fact": "1990-08-27T18:21:51Z → 1990-08-28T20:46:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 28th, 12:09–12:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37340 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rādhāṣṭamī 1990 falls on Tuesday 28 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:22 on Mon 27 Aug to 01:47 on Wed 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-08-31T06:02:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-31T01:02:25Z", "ms": 652064544719.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-01T07:29:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T02:29:26Z", "ms": 652156166430.5203 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-08-31T06:02:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-31T01:02:25Z", "ms": 652064544719.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-01T07:29:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T02:29:26Z", "ms": 652156166430.5203 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-08-31T06:12:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-31T01:12:33Z", "ms": 652065152717.2601 }, "end": { "local": "1990-08-31T06:12:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-08-31T01:12:33Z", "ms": 652065152717.2601 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-01T06:12:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T01:12:55Z", "ms": 652151575353.6005 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-01T06:12:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T01:12:55Z", "ms": 652151575353.6005 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:02 on Fri 31 Aug to 07:29 on Sat 1 Sep.", "fact": "1990-08-31T01:02:25Z → 1990-09-01T02:29:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 31st and 06:13 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 1 September. Ekādaśī runs from 06:02 on Fri 31 Aug to 07:29 on Sat 1 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13748, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-01T07:29:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T02:29:26Z", "ms": 652156166430.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-02T08:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T03:18:28Z", "ms": 652245507602.5452 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-01T07:29:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T02:29:26Z", "ms": 652156166430.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-02T08:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T03:18:28Z", "ms": 652245507602.5452 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-01T12:07:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T07:07:54Z", "ms": 652172874423.0598 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-01T12:55:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-01T07:55:54Z", "ms": 652175754423.0598 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-02T12:07:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T07:07:35Z", "ms": 652259255286.7839 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-02T12:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T07:55:35Z", "ms": 652262135286.7839 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:29 on Sat 1 Sep to 08:18 on Sun 2 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-01T02:29:26Z → 1990-09-02T03:18:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 1st, 12:08–12:56 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13748 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vāmana Jayantī 1990 falls on Saturday 1 September. Dvādaśī runs from 07:29 on Sat 1 Sep to 08:18 on Sun 2 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-09-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37343, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-02T08:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T03:18:28Z", "ms": 652245507602.5452 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-03T08:26:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T03:26:29Z", "ms": 652332389037.9773 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-02T08:18:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T03:18:28Z", "ms": 652245507602.5452 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-03T08:26:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T03:26:29Z", "ms": 652332389037.9773 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-02T18:49:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T13:49:53Z", "ms": 652283392743.0145 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-02T20:21:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-02T15:21:03Z", "ms": 652288863065.1947 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-03T18:48:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T13:48:52Z", "ms": 652369731558.374 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-03T20:20:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T15:20:13Z", "ms": 652375212997.6509 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 2 Sep to 08:26 on Mon 3 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-02T03:18:28Z → 1990-09-03T03:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:21 on the 2nd, 18:49–20:20 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 91 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37343 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Sunday 2 September. Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 2 Sep to 08:26 on Mon 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1093, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-03T08:26:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T03:26:29Z", "ms": 652332389037.9773 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-04T07:54:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-04T02:54:17Z", "ms": 652416857051.3411 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-03T08:26:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T03:26:29Z", "ms": 652332389037.9773 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-04T07:54:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-04T02:54:17Z", "ms": 652416857051.3411 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-03T06:13:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T01:13:40Z", "ms": 652324420159.3662 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-03T08:44:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-03T03:44:42Z", "ms": 652333482439.1677 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-04T06:14:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-04T01:14:02Z", "ms": 652410842352.9507 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-04T08:44:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-04T03:44:48Z", "ms": 652419887875.5103 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:26 on Mon 3 Sep to 07:54 on Tue 4 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-03T03:26:29Z → 1990-09-04T02:54:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:14–08:45 on the 3rd, 06:14–08:45 on the 4th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 18 of 151 minutes on the 3rd and 100 of 151 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1093 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ananta Caturdaśī 1990 falls on Monday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 08:26 on Mon 3 Sep to 07:54 on Tue 4 Sep, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-09-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5339, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-08T00:43:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-07T19:43:52Z", "ms": 652736631984.2787 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-08T22:15:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-08T17:15:34Z", "ms": 652814133720.3688 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-08T00:43:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-07T19:43:52Z", "ms": 652736631984.2787 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-08T22:15:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-08T17:15:34Z", "ms": 652814133720.3688 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-07T20:05:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-07T15:05:49Z", "ms": 652719949469.5065 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-07T20:05:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-07T15:05:49Z", "ms": 652719949469.5065 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-08T20:46:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-08T15:46:34Z", "ms": 652808794284.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-08T20:46:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-08T15:46:34Z", "ms": 652808794284.3599 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:44 on Sat 8 Sep to 22:16 on Sat 8 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-07T19:43:52Z → 1990-09-08T17:15:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:06 on the 7th and 20:47 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5339 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Saturday 8 September. Caturthī runs from 00:44 on Sat 8 Sep to 22:16 on Sat 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6438, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-09T19:44:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-09T14:44:57Z", "ms": 652891497461.3494 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-10T17:17:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-10T12:17:48Z", "ms": 652969067636.9248 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-09T19:44:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-09T14:44:57Z", "ms": 652891497461.3494 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-10T17:17:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-10T12:17:48Z", "ms": 652969067636.9248 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-09T21:32:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-09T16:32:16Z", "ms": 652897935586.399 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-09T21:32:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-09T16:32:16Z", "ms": 652897935586.399 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-10T22:23:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-10T17:23:58Z", "ms": 652987437783.9098 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-10T22:23:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-10T17:23:58Z", "ms": 652987437783.9098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:45 on Sun 9 Sep to 17:18 on Mon 10 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-09T14:44:57Z → 1990-09-10T12:17:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:32 on the 9th and 22:24 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6438 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1990 falls on Sunday 9 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:45 on Sun 9 Sep to 17:18 on Mon 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T14:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z", "ms": 653047120078.3362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-12T12:50:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T07:50:59Z", "ms": 653125859116.8779 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T14:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z", "ms": 653047120078.3362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-12T12:50:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T07:50:59Z", "ms": 653125859116.8779 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T18:40:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T13:40:30Z", "ms": 653060429739.9999 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-11T20:13:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T15:13:21Z", "ms": 653066001359.0249 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-12T18:39:26+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T13:39:26Z", "ms": 653146765888.9299 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-12T20:12:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T15:12:29Z", "ms": 653152348910.8544 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:59 on Tue 11 Sep to 12:51 on Wed 12 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z → 1990-09-12T07:50:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:40–20:13 on the 11th, 18:39–20:12 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 93 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1990 falls on Tuesday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:59 on Tue 11 Sep to 12:51 on Wed 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30185, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T14:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z", "ms": 653047120078.3362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-12T12:50:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T07:50:59Z", "ms": 653125859116.8779 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T14:58:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z", "ms": 653047120078.3362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-12T12:50:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T07:50:59Z", "ms": 653125859116.8779 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-11T23:21:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T18:21:45Z", "ms": 653077305461.9801 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-11T23:21:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-11T18:21:45Z", "ms": 653077305461.9801 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-13T00:24:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T19:24:16Z", "ms": 653167455727.6389 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-13T00:24:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-12T19:24:16Z", "ms": 653167455727.6389 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:59 on Tue 11 Sep to 12:51 on Wed 12 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-11T09:58:40Z → 1990-09-12T07:50:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:22 on the 11th and 00:24 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30185 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1990 falls on Tuesday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:59 on Tue 11 Sep to 12:51 on Wed 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5909, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-14T09:18:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-14T04:18:32Z", "ms": 653285911815.8229 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-15T07:56:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T02:56:31Z", "ms": 653367391254.5184 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-14T09:18:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-14T04:18:32Z", "ms": 653285911815.8229 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-15T07:56:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T02:56:31Z", "ms": 653367391254.5184 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-14T06:17:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-14T01:17:40Z", "ms": 653275060236.1057 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-14T06:17:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-14T01:17:40Z", "ms": 653275060236.1057 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-15T06:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T01:18:02Z", "ms": 653361481941.6252 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-15T06:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T01:18:02Z", "ms": 653361481941.6252 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:19 on Fri 14 Sep to 07:57 on Sat 15 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-14T04:18:32Z → 1990-09-15T02:56:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 14th and 06:18 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5909 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Indirā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Saturday 15 September. Ekādaśī runs from 09:19 on Fri 14 Sep to 07:57 on Sat 15 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-09-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-16T06:52:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T01:52:20Z", "ms": 653449939636.7643 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-17T06:07:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T01:07:39Z", "ms": 653533658515.3088 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-16T06:52:20+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T01:52:20Z", "ms": 653449939636.7643 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-17T06:07:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T01:07:39Z", "ms": 653533658515.3088 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-15T18:36:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T13:36:13Z", "ms": 653405773480.2117 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-15T20:09:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-15T15:09:51Z", "ms": 653411390840.1901 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-16T18:35:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T13:35:09Z", "ms": 653492109141.0869 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-16T20:08:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T15:08:58Z", "ms": 653497737983.7633 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Sun 16 Sep to 06:08 on Mon 17 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-16T01:52:20Z → 1990-09-17T01:07:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–20:10 on the 15th, 18:35–20:09 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 15th and 94 of 94 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Sunday 16 September. Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Sun 16 Sep to 06:08 on Mon 17 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-09-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17648, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-17T06:07:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T01:07:39Z", "ms": 653533658515.3088 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-18T05:44:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 653618684205.8698 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-17T06:07:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T01:07:39Z", "ms": 653533658515.3088 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-18T05:44:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 653618684205.8698 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-17T00:02:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T19:02:57Z", "ms": 653511777301.1234 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-17T00:50:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-16T19:50:57Z", "ms": 653514657301.1234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-18T00:02:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T19:02:36Z", "ms": 653598156017.4402 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-18T00:50:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-17T19:50:36Z", "ms": 653601036017.4402 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Mon 17 Sep to 05:45 on Tue 18 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-17T01:07:39Z → 1990-09-18T00:44:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:03–00:51 on the 16th, 00:03–00:51 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17648 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Monday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Monday 17 September. Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Mon 17 Sep to 05:45 on Tue 18 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1990-09-18T05:44:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 653618684205.8698 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-19T05:46:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T00:46:21Z", "ms": 653705181068.683 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-18T05:44:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 653618684205.8698 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-19T05:46:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T00:46:21Z", "ms": 653705181068.683 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-18T13:39:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T08:39:27Z", "ms": 653647167098.5123 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-18T16:06:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-18T11:06:14Z", "ms": 653655973699.8114 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-19T13:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T08:38:57Z", "ms": 653733537184.2219 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-19T16:05:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T11:05:27Z", "ms": 653742326515.5824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:45 on Tue 18 Sep to 05:46 on Wed 19 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-18T00:44:44Z → 1990-09-19T00:46:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:39–16:06 on the 18th, 13:39–16:05 on the 19th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 147 of 147 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 146 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1990 falls on Tuesday 18 September. Amāvasyā runs from 05:45 on Tue 18 Sep to 05:46 on Wed 19 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-09-19T05:46:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T00:46:21Z", "ms": 653705181068.683 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-20T06:15:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-20T01:15:16Z", "ms": 653793316367.9949 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-19T05:46:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T00:46:21Z", "ms": 653705181068.683 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-20T06:15:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-20T01:15:16Z", "ms": 653793316367.9949 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-19T12:01:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T07:01:43Z", "ms": 653727702518.5417 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-19T12:49:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-19T07:49:43Z", "ms": 653730582518.5417 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-20T12:01:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-20T07:01:21Z", "ms": 653814081279.4512 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-20T12:49:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-20T07:49:21Z", "ms": 653816961279.4512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:46 on Wed 19 Sep to 06:15 on Thu 20 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-19T00:46:21Z → 1990-09-20T01:15:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 19th, 12:01–12:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1990 falls on Wednesday 19 September. Pratipadā runs from 05:46 on Wed 19 Sep to 06:15 on Thu 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-09-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4949, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-22T08:41:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-22T03:41:52Z", "ms": 653974911932.1761 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-23T10:37:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-23T05:37:49Z", "ms": 654068268933.9679 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-22T08:41:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-22T03:41:52Z", "ms": 653974911932.1761 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-23T10:37:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-23T05:37:49Z", "ms": 654068268933.9679 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-22T12:00:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-22T07:00:39Z", "ms": 653986838990.386 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-22T12:48:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-22T07:48:39Z", "ms": 653989718990.386 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-23T12:00:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-23T07:00:18Z", "ms": 654073217975.6338 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-23T12:48:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-23T07:48:18Z", "ms": 654076097975.6338 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:42 on Sat 22 Sep to 10:38 on Sun 23 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-22T03:41:52Z → 1990-09-23T05:37:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 22nd, 12:00–12:48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4949 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Saturday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 08:42 on Sat 22 Sep to 10:38 on Sun 23 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29758, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-25T15:25:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-25T10:25:56Z", "ms": 654258355726.0477 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-26T17:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T12:55:35Z", "ms": 654353734971.9542 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-25T15:25:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-25T10:25:56Z", "ms": 654258355726.0477 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-26T17:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T12:55:35Z", "ms": 654353734971.9542 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-25T06:21:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-25T01:21:42Z", "ms": 654225702451.3422 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-25T07:09:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-25T02:09:58Z", "ms": 654228597630.762 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-26T06:22:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T01:22:05Z", "ms": 654312125082.876 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-26T07:10:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T02:10:14Z", "ms": 654315014494.6101 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:26 on Tue 25 Sep to 17:56 on Wed 26 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-25T10:25:56Z → 1990-09-26T12:55:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:22–07:10 on the 25th, 06:22–07:10 on the 26th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29758 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Saptamī 1990 falls on Wednesday 26 September. Saptamī runs from 15:26 on Tue 25 Sep to 17:56 on Wed 26 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18499, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-26T17:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T12:55:35Z", "ms": 654353734971.9542 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-27T20:10:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T15:10:07Z", "ms": 654448207218.0948 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-26T17:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T12:55:35Z", "ms": 654353734971.9542 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-27T20:10:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T15:10:07Z", "ms": 654448207218.0948 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-26T11:59:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T06:59:16Z", "ms": 654332355670.8823 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-26T12:47:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-26T07:47:16Z", "ms": 654335235670.8823 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-27T11:58:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T06:58:55Z", "ms": 654418735212.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-27T12:46:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T07:46:55Z", "ms": 654421615212.7769 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:56 on Wed 26 Sep to 20:10 on Thu 27 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-26T12:55:35Z → 1990-09-27T15:10:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 26th, 11:59–12:47 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18499 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1990 falls on Thursday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:56 on Wed 26 Sep to 20:10 on Thu 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26592, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-27T20:10:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T15:10:07Z", "ms": 654448207218.0948 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-28T21:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-28T16:55:35Z", "ms": 654540935072.0137 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-27T20:10:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T15:10:07Z", "ms": 654448207218.0948 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-28T21:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-28T16:55:35Z", "ms": 654540935072.0137 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-27T11:58:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T06:58:55Z", "ms": 654418735212.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-27T12:46:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-27T07:46:55Z", "ms": 654421615212.7769 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-28T11:58:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-28T06:58:35Z", "ms": 654505114942.5803 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-28T12:46:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-28T07:46:35Z", "ms": 654507994942.5803 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 20:10 on Thu 27 Sep to 21:56 on Fri 28 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-27T15:10:07Z → 1990-09-28T16:55:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 27th, 11:59–12:47 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26592 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahānavamī 1990 falls on Friday 28 September. Navamī runs from 20:10 on Thu 27 Sep to 21:56 on Fri 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-28T21:55:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-28T16:55:35Z", "ms": 654540935072.0137 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-29T23:00:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T18:00:50Z", "ms": 654631250416.87 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1990-09-29T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T13:03:11Z", "ms": 654613391036.5283 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-29T23:00:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T18:00:50Z", "ms": 654631250416.87 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1990-09-29T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T13:03:11Z", "ms": 654613391036.5283 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-30T19:08:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T14:08:03Z", "ms": 654703682767.0194 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-29T06:23:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T01:23:14Z", "ms": 654571393953.7001 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-29T18:21:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T13:21:16Z", "ms": 654614475807.607 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 718, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-30T06:23:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T01:23:37Z", "ms": 654657817282.7362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-30T18:20:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T13:20:13Z", "ms": 654700812813.029 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 717, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 21:56 on Fri 28 Sep to 23:01 on Sat 29 Sep, and Śravaṇa from 18:03 on Sat 29 Sep to 19:08 on Sun 30 Sep. They are together from 18:03 on Sat 29 Sep to 23:01 on Sat 29 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-29T13:03:11Z → 1990-09-29T18:00:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:23–18:21 on the 29th, 06:24–18:20 on the 30th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 18 of 718 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 717 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1990 falls on Saturday 29 September. Daśamī runs from 21:56 on Fri 28 Sep to 23:01 on Sat 29 Sep and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 18 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-09-29T23:00:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T18:00:50Z", "ms": 654631250416.87 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-30T23:19:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T18:19:05Z", "ms": 654718744839.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-09-29T23:00:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-29T18:00:50Z", "ms": 654631250416.87 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-30T23:19:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T18:19:05Z", "ms": 654718744839.621 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-09-30T06:23:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T01:23:37Z", "ms": 654657817282.7362 }, "end": { "local": "1990-09-30T06:23:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-09-30T01:23:37Z", "ms": 654657817282.7362 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-01T06:24:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T01:24:01Z", "ms": 654744240822.7186 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-01T06:24:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T01:24:01Z", "ms": 654744240822.7186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:01 on Sat 29 Sep to 23:19 on Sun 30 Sep.", "fact": "1990-09-29T18:00:50Z → 1990-09-30T18:19:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 30th and 06:24 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 30 September. Ekādaśī runs from 23:01 on Sat 29 Sep to 23:19 on Sun 30 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5752, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-01T22:48:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T17:48:18Z", "ms": 654803298241.9005 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-02T21:30:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-02T16:30:54Z", "ms": 654885053580.368 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-01T22:48:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T17:48:18Z", "ms": 654803298241.9005 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-02T21:30:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-02T16:30:54Z", "ms": 654885053580.368 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-01T18:19:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T13:19:10Z", "ms": 654787150109.0339 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-01T19:55:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-01T14:55:52Z", "ms": 654792952039.8376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-02T18:18:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-02T13:18:08Z", "ms": 654873487723.9158 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-02T19:55:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-02T14:55:01Z", "ms": 654879301174.267 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:48 on Mon 1 Oct to 21:31 on Tue 2 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-01T17:48:18Z → 1990-10-02T16:30:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–19:56 on the 1st, 18:18–19:55 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 1st and 97 of 97 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5752 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Tuesday 2 October. Trayodaśī runs from 22:48 on Mon 1 Oct to 21:31 on Tue 2 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30541, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T07:50:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z", "ms": 655267847208.5057 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-08T04:46:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T23:46:46Z", "ms": 655343205620.0079 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T07:50:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z", "ms": 655267847208.5057 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-08T04:46:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T23:46:46Z", "ms": 655343205620.0079 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-06T19:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-06T14:26:35Z", "ms": 655223194934.1411 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-06T19:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-06T14:26:35Z", "ms": 655223194934.1411 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T20:17:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T15:17:44Z", "ms": 655312664379.7484 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-07T20:17:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T15:17:44Z", "ms": 655312664379.7484 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Sun 7 Oct to 04:47 on Mon 8 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z → 1990-10-07T23:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:27 on the 6th and 20:18 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30541 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1990 falls on Sunday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Sun 7 Oct to 04:47 on Mon 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-10-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30541, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T07:50:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z", "ms": 655267847208.5057 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-08T04:46:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T23:46:46Z", "ms": 655343205620.0079 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T07:50:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z", "ms": 655267847208.5057 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-08T04:46:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T23:46:46Z", "ms": 655343205620.0079 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-06T19:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-06T14:26:35Z", "ms": 655223194934.1411 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-06T19:26:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-06T14:26:35Z", "ms": 655223194934.1411 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-07T20:17:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T15:17:44Z", "ms": 655312664379.7484 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-07T20:17:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-07T15:17:44Z", "ms": 655312664379.7484 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Sun 7 Oct to 04:47 on Mon 8 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-07T02:50:47Z → 1990-10-07T23:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:27 on the 6th and 20:18 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30541 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Sunday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Sun 7 Oct to 04:47 on Mon 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-10T21:23:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-10T16:23:15Z", "ms": 655575794506.4739 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-11T19:46:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-11T14:46:36Z", "ms": 655656395986.1543 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-10T21:23:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-10T16:23:15Z", "ms": 655575794506.4739 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-11T19:46:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-11T14:46:36Z", "ms": 655656395986.1543 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-10T23:22:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-10T18:22:36Z", "ms": 655582955524.9182 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-10T23:22:36+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-10T18:22:36Z", "ms": 655582955524.9182 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-12T00:27:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-11T19:27:05Z", "ms": 655673225214.1067 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-12T00:27:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-11T19:27:05Z", "ms": 655673225214.1067 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:23 on Wed 10 Oct to 19:47 on Thu 11 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-10T16:23:15Z → 1990-10-11T14:46:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:23 on the 10th and 00:27 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1990 falls on Wednesday 10 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:23 on Wed 10 Oct to 19:47 on Thu 11 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-10-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40361, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-13T17:57:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-13T12:57:17Z", "ms": 655822637428.885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-14T17:42:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T12:42:15Z", "ms": 655908134889.2976 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-13T17:57:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-13T12:57:17Z", "ms": 655822637428.885 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-14T17:42:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T12:42:15Z", "ms": 655908134889.2976 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-13T06:29:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-13T01:29:06Z", "ms": 655781346076.7456 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-13T06:29:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-13T01:29:06Z", "ms": 655781346076.7456 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-14T06:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T01:29:34Z", "ms": 655867773887.6754 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-14T06:29:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T01:29:34Z", "ms": 655867773887.6754 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:57 on Sat 13 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 14 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-13T12:57:17Z → 1990-10-14T12:42:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:29 on the 13th and 06:30 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40361 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ramā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Sunday 14 October. Ekādaśī runs from 17:57 on Sat 13 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 14 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-14T17:42:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T12:42:15Z", "ms": 655908134889.2976 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-14T17:42:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T12:42:15Z", "ms": 655908134889.2976 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-14T18:06:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T13:06:15Z", "ms": 655909574751.253 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-14T19:45:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-14T14:45:25Z", "ms": 655915525066.3429 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T18:05:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T13:05:19Z", "ms": 655995919185.7981 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-15T19:44:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T14:44:41Z", "ms": 656001880729.4274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:42 on Sun 14 Oct to 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-14T12:42:15Z → 1990-10-15T12:51:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:45 on the 14th, 18:05–19:45 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1990 falls on Sunday 14 October. Dvādaśī runs from 17:42 on Sun 14 Oct to 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T18:05:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T13:05:19Z", "ms": 655995919185.7981 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-15T19:44:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T14:44:41Z", "ms": 656001880729.4274 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:04:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:04:24Z", "ms": 656082264336.8906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T19:43:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T14:43:57Z", "ms": 656088237070.4459 } }, "covered_min": 19, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct to 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z → 1990-10-16T13:23:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:45 on the 15th, 18:04–19:44 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 15th and 19 of 100 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Karachi, 1990: Monday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dīpadāna 1990 falls on Monday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct to 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 19 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T17:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z", "ms": 655995086928.7819 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-15T18:05:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T13:05:19Z", "ms": 655995919185.7981 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-15T19:44:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-15T14:44:41Z", "ms": 656001880729.4274 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:04:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:04:24Z", "ms": 656082264336.8906 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-16T19:43:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T14:43:57Z", "ms": 656088237070.4459 } }, "covered_min": 19, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct to 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-15T12:51:27Z → 1990-10-16T13:23:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:45 on the 15th, 18:04–19:44 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 15th and 19 of 100 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Monday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Monday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 17:51 on Mon 15 Oct to 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 19 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-10-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T23:53:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T18:53:42Z", "ms": 656103222087.7231 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T00:41:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T19:41:42Z", "ms": 656106102087.7231 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T23:53:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T18:53:30Z", "ms": 656189609787.0887 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T00:41:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T19:41:30Z", "ms": 656192489787.0887 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct to 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z → 1990-10-17T14:18:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 16th, 23:53–00:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Tuesday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct to 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34378, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-16T18:23:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z", "ms": 656083425488.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T04:51:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-16T23:51:27Z", "ms": 656121087105.0005 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T06:31:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T01:31:00Z", "ms": 656127059838.5558 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T04:51:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T23:51:45Z", "ms": 656207505463.1396 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T06:31:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T01:31:29Z", "ms": 656213489345.34 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct to 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-16T13:23:45Z → 1990-10-17T14:18:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:51–06:31 on the 17th, 04:52–06:31 on the 18th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34378 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1990 falls on Wednesday 17 October. Caturdaśī runs from 18:24 on Tue 16 Oct to 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11797, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T23:53:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T18:53:30Z", "ms": 656189609787.0887 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T00:41:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T19:41:30Z", "ms": 656192489787.0887 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T23:53:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T18:53:18Z", "ms": 656275998086.2987 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T00:41:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T19:41:18Z", "ms": 656278878086.2987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct to 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z → 1990-10-18T15:36:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 17th, 23:53–00:41 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11797 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kālī Pūjā 1990 falls on Wednesday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct to 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:18:47+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z", "ms": 656173127028.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-17T18:03:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T13:03:30Z", "ms": 656168610228.8375 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-17T19:43:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-17T14:43:14Z", "ms": 656174594111.0378 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T18:02:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T13:02:37Z", "ms": 656254956885.6407 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T19:42:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T14:42:32Z", "ms": 656260951872.4829 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct to 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-17T14:18:47Z → 1990-10-18T15:36:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:43 on the 17th, 18:03–19:43 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 24 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1990 falls on Thursday 18 October. Amāvasyā runs from 19:19 on Wed 17 Oct to 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 24 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T11:53:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T06:53:03Z", "ms": 656232783115.4904 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T12:41:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T07:41:03Z", "ms": 656235663115.4904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T11:52:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T06:52:52Z", "ms": 656319171809.0422 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T12:40:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T07:40:52Z", "ms": 656322051809.0422 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z → 1990-10-19T17:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 18th, 11:53–12:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govardhana Pūjā 1990 falls on Friday 19 October. Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3249, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T18:02:37+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T13:02:37Z", "ms": 656254956885.6407 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-18T19:42:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T14:42:32Z", "ms": 656260951872.4829 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T18:01:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T13:01:44Z", "ms": 656341304331.1278 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T19:41:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T14:41:50Z", "ms": 656347310375.826 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z → 1990-10-19T17:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:43 on the 18th, 18:02–19:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 18th and 100 of 100 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3249 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bali Pūjā 1990 falls on Friday 19 October. Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29695, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-18T20:36:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z", "ms": 656264201293.0765 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T06:31:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T01:31:59Z", "ms": 656299919286.9567 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T10:21:54+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T05:21:54Z", "ms": 656313714301.6804 } }, "covered_min": 230, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-20T06:32:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T01:32:30Z", "ms": 656386349666.3644 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-20T10:21:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T05:21:57Z", "ms": 656400117307.2633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 229, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-18T15:36:41Z → 1990-10-19T17:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:32–10:22 on the 19th, 06:32–10:22 on the 20th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 230 of 230 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 229 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29695 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Karachi, 1990: Friday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dyūta Pratipad 1990 falls on Friday 19 October. Pratipadā runs from 20:37 on Thu 18 Oct to 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34603, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-21T00:20:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T19:20:35Z", "ms": 656450434650.4185 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T22:17:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z", "ms": 656356654815.3018 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-21T00:20:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T19:20:35Z", "ms": 656450434650.4185 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-19T11:52:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T06:52:52Z", "ms": 656319171809.0422 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-19T12:40:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-19T07:40:52Z", "ms": 656322051809.0422 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-20T11:52:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T06:52:41Z", "ms": 656405561127.7129 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-20T12:40:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-20T07:40:41Z", "ms": 656408441127.7129 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct to 00:21 on Sun 21 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-19T17:17:35Z → 1990-10-20T19:20:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34603 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1990 falls on Saturday 20 October. Dvitīyā runs from 22:18 on Fri 19 Oct to 00:21 on Sun 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23651, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T02:42:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z", "ms": 656545363287.0702 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T05:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T00:18:02Z", "ms": 656641081972.805 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T02:42:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z", "ms": 656545363287.0702 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T05:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T00:18:02Z", "ms": 656641081972.805 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T11:52:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-22T06:52:22Z", "ms": 656578341692.585 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-22T12:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-22T07:40:22Z", "ms": 656581221692.585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-23T11:52:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T06:52:13Z", "ms": 656664732964.3889 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T12:40:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T07:40:13Z", "ms": 656667612964.3889 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Mon 22 Oct to 05:18 on Tue 23 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z → 1990-10-23T00:18:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23651 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Caturthī 1990 falls on Monday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Mon 22 Oct to 05:18 on Tue 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-10-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23651, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T02:42:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z", "ms": 656545363287.0702 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T05:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T00:18:02Z", "ms": 656641081972.805 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T02:42:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z", "ms": 656545363287.0702 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T05:18:02+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T00:18:02Z", "ms": 656641081972.805 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-22T11:52:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-22T06:52:22Z", "ms": 656578341692.585 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-22T12:40:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-22T07:40:22Z", "ms": 656581221692.585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-23T11:52:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T06:52:13Z", "ms": 656664732964.3889 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-23T12:40:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-23T07:40:13Z", "ms": 656667612964.3889 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Mon 22 Oct to 05:18 on Tue 23 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-21T21:42:43Z → 1990-10-23T00:18:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23651 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Monday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Mon 22 Oct to 05:18 on Tue 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-10-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5069, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-24T07:57:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-24T02:57:05Z", "ms": 656737025198.0199 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-25T10:27:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-25T05:27:28Z", "ms": 656832448069.9469 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-24T07:57:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-24T02:57:05Z", "ms": 656737025198.0199 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-25T10:27:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-25T05:27:28Z", "ms": 656832448069.9469 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-24T11:52:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-24T06:52:05Z", "ms": 656751124912.5686 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-24T12:40:05+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-24T07:40:05Z", "ms": 656754004912.5686 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-25T11:51:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-25T06:51:58Z", "ms": 656837517549.5376 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-25T12:39:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-25T07:39:58Z", "ms": 656840397549.5376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:57 on Wed 24 Oct to 10:27 on Thu 25 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-24T02:57:05Z → 1990-10-25T05:27:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 24th, 11:52–12:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5069 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1990 falls on Wednesday 24 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:57 on Wed 24 Oct to 10:27 on Thu 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-26T12:35:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-26T07:35:14Z", "ms": 656926514359.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-26T12:35:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-26T07:35:14Z", "ms": 656926514359.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-26T11:51:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-26T06:51:51Z", "ms": 656923910887.5793 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-26T12:39:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-26T07:39:51Z", "ms": 656926790887.5793 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T11:51:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T06:51:45Z", "ms": 657010304938.8828 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-27T12:39:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T07:39:45Z", "ms": 657013184938.8828 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:35 on Fri 26 Oct to 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-26T07:35:14Z → 1990-10-27T09:07:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 26th, 11:52–12:40 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 5 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 277 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gopāṣṭamī 1990 falls on Saturday 27 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:35 on Fri 26 Oct to 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 5 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 37 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13473, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T14:52:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T09:52:43Z", "ms": 657107563416.1548 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T14:52:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T09:52:43Z", "ms": 657107563416.1548 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T06:36:15+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T01:36:15Z", "ms": 656991374726.7706 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-27T10:22:35+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T05:22:35Z", "ms": 657004954868.1787 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 226, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-28T06:36:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T01:36:49Z", "ms": 657077808659.0503 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T10:22:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T05:22:43Z", "ms": 657091362696.7561 } }, "covered_min": 226, "window_min": 226, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct to 14:53 on Sun 28 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z → 1990-10-28T09:52:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:36–10:23 on the 27th, 06:37–10:23 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 226 minutes on the 27th and 226 of 226 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13473 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1990 falls on Sunday 28 October. Navamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct to 14:53 on Sun 28 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5242, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T14:52:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T09:52:43Z", "ms": 657107563416.1548 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T14:07:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z", "ms": 657018427428.284 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T14:52:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T09:52:43Z", "ms": 657107563416.1548 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-27T11:51:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T06:51:45Z", "ms": 657010304938.8828 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-27T12:39:45+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-27T07:39:45Z", "ms": 657013184938.8828 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-28T11:51:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T06:51:40Z", "ms": 657096699715.6091 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-28T12:39:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-28T07:39:40Z", "ms": 657099579715.6091 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct to 14:53 on Sun 28 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-27T09:07:07Z → 1990-10-28T09:52:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 27th, 11:52–12:40 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Karachi, 1990: Sunday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Navamī 1990 falls on Sunday 28 October. Navamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 27 Oct to 14:53 on Sun 28 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-10-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-29T14:46:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-29T09:46:04Z", "ms": 657193563823.1327 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-30T13:46:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-30T08:46:06Z", "ms": 657276365701.5726 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-29T14:46:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-29T09:46:04Z", "ms": 657193563823.1327 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-30T13:46:06+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-30T08:46:06Z", "ms": 657276365701.5726 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-29T06:37:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-29T01:37:23Z", "ms": 657164243036.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-29T06:37:23+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-29T01:37:23Z", "ms": 657164243036.3416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-30T06:37:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-30T01:37:58Z", "ms": 657250677858.321 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-30T06:37:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-30T01:37:58Z", "ms": 657250677858.321 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Mon 29 Oct to 13:46 on Tue 30 Oct.", "fact": "1990-10-29T09:46:04Z → 1990-10-30T08:46:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:37 on the 29th and 06:38 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Tuesday 30 October. Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Mon 29 Oct to 13:46 on Tue 30 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-10-31T11:56:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-31T06:56:16Z", "ms": 657356175851.9945 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-01T09:23:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T04:23:32Z", "ms": 657433412352.604 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-10-31T11:56:16+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-31T06:56:16Z", "ms": 657356175851.9945 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-01T09:23:32+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T04:23:32Z", "ms": 657433412352.604 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-10-31T17:52:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-31T12:52:24Z", "ms": 657377543918.9138 }, "end": { "local": "1990-10-31T19:34:38+05:00", "utc": "1990-10-31T14:34:38Z", "ms": 657383677907.9425 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-01T17:51:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T12:51:44Z", "ms": 657463903814.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-01T19:34:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T14:34:08Z", "ms": 657470047971.7671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:56 on Wed 31 Oct to 09:24 on Thu 1 Nov.", "fact": "1990-10-31T06:56:16Z → 1990-11-01T04:23:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:35 on the 31st, 17:52–19:34 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 102 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 31 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:56 on Wed 31 Oct to 09:24 on Thu 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-10-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20047, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T06:17:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z", "ms": 657508637452.9213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T02:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T21:48:17Z", "ms": 657582497061.1998 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T06:17:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z", "ms": 657508637452.9213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T02:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T21:48:17Z", "ms": 657582497061.1998 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T11:51:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T06:51:25Z", "ms": 657528684919.0295 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-02T12:39:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T07:39:25Z", "ms": 657531564919.0295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-03T11:51:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-03T06:51:24Z", "ms": 657615084316.1982 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T12:39:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-03T07:39:24Z", "ms": 657617964316.1982 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:17 on Fri 2 Nov to 02:48 on Sat 3 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z → 1990-11-02T21:48:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 2nd, 11:51–12:39 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20047 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1990 falls on Friday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:17 on Fri 2 Nov to 02:48 on Sat 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T06:17:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z", "ms": 657508637452.9213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T02:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T21:48:17Z", "ms": 657582497061.1998 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T06:17:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z", "ms": 657508637452.9213 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T02:48:17+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T21:48:17Z", "ms": 657582497061.1998 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-01T23:51:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T18:51:44Z", "ms": 657485504404.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-02T00:39:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-01T19:39:44Z", "ms": 657488384404.3384 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-02T23:51:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T18:51:43Z", "ms": 657571903221.1985 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-03T00:39:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-02T19:39:43Z", "ms": 657574783221.1985 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:17 on Fri 2 Nov to 02:48 on Sat 3 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-02T01:17:17Z → 1990-11-02T21:48:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 1st, 23:52–00:40 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Karachi, 1990: Friday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāsayātrā 1990 falls on Friday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:17 on Fri 2 Nov to 02:48 on Sat 3 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-11-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14807, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-05T15:57:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-05T10:57:27Z", "ms": 657802646956.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-06T12:47:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-06T07:47:50Z", "ms": 657877670363.7352 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-05T15:57:27+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-05T10:57:27Z", "ms": 657802646956.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-06T12:47:50+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-06T07:47:50Z", "ms": 657877670363.7352 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-05T20:04:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-05T15:04:14Z", "ms": 657817454108.1405 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-05T20:04:14+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-05T15:04:14Z", "ms": 657817454108.1405 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-06T21:11:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-06T16:11:00Z", "ms": 657907860330.5464 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-06T21:11:00+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-06T16:11:00Z", "ms": 657907860330.5464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:57 on Mon 5 Nov to 12:48 on Tue 6 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-05T10:57:27Z → 1990-11-06T07:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:04 on the 5th and 21:11 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14807 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Monday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Monday 5 November. Caturthī runs from 15:57 on Mon 5 Nov to 12:48 on Tue 6 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-11-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-11-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 21, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-12T05:53:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-12T00:53:40Z", "ms": 658371219772.261 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-13T06:47:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-13T01:47:12Z", "ms": 658460832048.6173 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-12T05:53:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-12T00:53:40Z", "ms": 658371219772.261 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-13T06:47:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-13T01:47:12Z", "ms": 658460832048.6173 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-12T06:46:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-12T01:46:11Z", "ms": 658374370580.1818 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-12T06:46:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-12T01:46:11Z", "ms": 658374370580.1818 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-13T06:46:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-13T01:46:51Z", "ms": 658460811342.8049 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-13T06:46:51+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-13T01:46:51Z", "ms": 658460811342.8049 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:54 on Mon 12 Nov to 06:47 on Tue 13 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-12T00:53:40Z → 1990-11-13T01:47:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 12th and 06:47 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 21 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Tuesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Tuesday 13 November. Ekādaśī runs from 05:54 on Mon 12 Nov to 06:47 on Tue 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day. It is 0 min 21 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-11-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-14T08:06:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T03:06:41Z", "ms": 658552000597.5243 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-15T09:48:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T04:48:09Z", "ms": 658644488532.7517 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-14T08:06:41+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T03:06:41Z", "ms": 658552000597.5243 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-15T09:48:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T04:48:09Z", "ms": 658644488532.7517 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-14T17:44:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T12:44:55Z", "ms": 658586694839.4437 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-14T19:29:21+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T14:29:21Z", "ms": 658592961374.9976 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-15T17:44:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T12:44:33Z", "ms": 658673072779.639 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-15T19:29:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T14:29:08Z", "ms": 658679347817.1742 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:07 on Wed 14 Nov to 09:48 on Thu 15 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-14T03:06:41Z → 1990-11-15T04:48:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:45–19:29 on the 14th, 17:45–19:29 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 105 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Wednesday 14 November. Trayodaśī runs from 08:07 on Wed 14 Nov to 09:48 on Thu 15 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-11-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32854, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-15T09:48:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T04:48:09Z", "ms": 658644488532.7517 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-16T11:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-16T06:48:22Z", "ms": 658738102000.8453 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-15T09:48:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T04:48:09Z", "ms": 658644488532.7517 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-16T11:48:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-16T06:48:22Z", "ms": 658738102000.8453 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-14T23:52:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T18:52:34Z", "ms": 658608754347.7705 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-15T00:40:34+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-14T19:40:34Z", "ms": 658611634347.7705 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-15T23:52:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T18:52:44Z", "ms": 658695164170.3958 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-16T00:40:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-15T19:40:44Z", "ms": 658698044170.3958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:48 on Thu 15 Nov to 11:48 on Fri 16 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-15T04:48:09Z → 1990-11-16T06:48:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 14th, 23:53–00:41 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32854 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Thursday 15 November. Caturdaśī runs from 09:48 on Thu 15 Nov to 11:48 on Fri 16 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-11-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33079, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-20T21:52:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-20T16:52:44Z", "ms": 659119963673.518 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-22T00:28:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T19:28:03Z", "ms": 659215683183.1089 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-20T21:52:44+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-20T16:52:44Z", "ms": 659119963673.518 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-22T00:28:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T19:28:03Z", "ms": 659215683183.1089 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-20T11:53:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-20T06:53:24Z", "ms": 659084004393.1816 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-20T12:41:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-20T07:41:24Z", "ms": 659086884393.1816 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-21T11:53:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T06:53:39Z", "ms": 659170419080.095 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-21T12:41:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T07:41:39Z", "ms": 659173299080.095 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:53 on Tue 20 Nov to 00:28 on Thu 22 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-20T16:52:44Z → 1990-11-21T19:28:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:54–12:42 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33079 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 21 November. Caturthī runs from 21:53 on Tue 20 Nov to 00:28 on Thu 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-11-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-22T00:28:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T19:28:03Z", "ms": 659215683183.1089 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-22T00:28:03+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-21T19:28:03Z", "ms": 659215683183.1089 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-22T11:53:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T06:53:55Z", "ms": 659256834564.2043 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-22T12:41:55+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T07:41:55Z", "ms": 659259714564.2043 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T11:54:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T06:54:11Z", "ms": 659343250832.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-23T12:42:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T07:42:11Z", "ms": 659346130832.2786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 00:28 on Thu 22 Nov to 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-21T19:28:03Z → 1990-11-22T21:47:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd, 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Karachi, 1990: Thursday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1990 falls on Thursday 22 November. Pañcamī runs from 00:28 on Thu 22 Nov to 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T11:54:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T06:54:11Z", "ms": 659343250832.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-23T12:42:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T07:42:11Z", "ms": 659346130832.2786 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-24T11:54:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T06:54:28Z", "ms": 659429667870.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T12:42:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T07:42:28Z", "ms": 659432547870.3306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov to 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z → 1990-11-23T23:38:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:54–12:42 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26131 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1990 falls on Friday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov to 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T02:47:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z", "ms": 659310438152.2098 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-23T11:54:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T06:54:11Z", "ms": 659343250832.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-23T12:42:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T07:42:11Z", "ms": 659346130832.2786 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-24T11:54:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T06:54:28Z", "ms": 659429667870.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T12:42:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T07:42:28Z", "ms": 659432547870.3306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov to 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-22T21:47:18Z → 1990-11-23T23:38:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:54–12:42 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26131 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1990 falls on Friday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 23 Nov to 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21758, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-25T05:52:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-25T00:52:08Z", "ms": 659494327600.698 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-24T04:38:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z", "ms": 659403537030.137 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-25T05:52:08+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-25T00:52:08Z", "ms": 659494327600.698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-24T11:54:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T06:54:28Z", "ms": 659429667870.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-24T12:42:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-24T07:42:28Z", "ms": 659432547870.3306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-25T11:54:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-25T06:54:46Z", "ms": 659516085663.7092 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-25T12:42:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-25T07:42:46Z", "ms": 659518965663.7092 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov to 05:52 on Sun 25 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-23T23:38:57Z → 1990-11-25T00:52:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 24th, 11:55–12:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21758 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mitra Saptamī 1990 falls on Saturday 24 November. Saptamī runs from 04:39 on Sat 24 Nov to 05:52 on Sun 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-11-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8500, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-28T04:35:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-27T23:35:49Z", "ms": 659748948619.514 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T02:30:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T21:30:09Z", "ms": 659827808784.6313 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-28T04:35:49+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-27T23:35:49Z", "ms": 659748948619.514 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T02:30:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T21:30:09Z", "ms": 659827808784.6313 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-28T06:57:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T01:57:29Z", "ms": 659757448507.991 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-28T06:57:29+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T01:57:29Z", "ms": 659757448507.991 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T06:58:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T01:58:11Z", "ms": 659843891350.5317 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T06:58:11+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T01:58:11Z", "ms": 659843891350.5317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:36 on Wed 28 Nov to 02:30 on Thu 29 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-27T23:35:49Z → 1990-11-28T21:30:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 28th and 06:58 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8500 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Wednesday 28 November. Ekādaśī runs from 04:36 on Wed 28 Nov to 02:30 on Thu 29 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33955, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T02:30:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T21:30:09Z", "ms": 659827808784.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T23:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T18:42:56Z", "ms": 659904176281.5013 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T02:30:09+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-28T21:30:09Z", "ms": 659827808784.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T23:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T18:42:56Z", "ms": 659904176281.5013 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T11:56:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T06:56:04Z", "ms": 659861764082.4414 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T12:44:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T07:44:04Z", "ms": 659864644082.4414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-30T11:56:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T06:56:25Z", "ms": 659948185420.2556 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-30T12:44:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T07:44:25Z", "ms": 659951065420.2556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:30 on Thu 29 Nov to 23:43 on Thu 29 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-28T21:30:09Z → 1990-11-29T18:42:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 29th, 11:56–12:44 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33955 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Thursday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1990 falls on Thursday 29 November. Dvādaśī runs from 02:30 on Thu 29 Nov to 23:43 on Thu 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-11-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3301, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T23:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T18:42:56Z", "ms": 659904176281.5013 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-30T20:23:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T15:23:19Z", "ms": 659978598710.2668 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T23:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T18:42:56Z", "ms": 659904176281.5013 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-30T20:23:19+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T15:23:19Z", "ms": 659978598710.2668 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-29T17:41:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T12:41:57Z", "ms": 659882516814.351 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-29T19:28:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-29T14:28:12Z", "ms": 659888892446.7997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-11-30T17:41:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T12:41:57Z", "ms": 659968916782.7948 }, "end": { "local": "1990-11-30T19:28:18+05:00", "utc": "1990-11-30T14:28:18Z", "ms": 659975298091.5643 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:43 on Thu 29 Nov to 20:23 on Fri 30 Nov.", "fact": "1990-11-29T18:42:56Z → 1990-11-30T15:23:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:28 on the 29th, 17:42–19:28 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 106 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3301 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Friday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-11-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Friday 30 November. Trayodaśī runs from 23:43 on Thu 29 Nov to 20:23 on Fri 30 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3610, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1990-12-01T16:41:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-01T11:41:48Z", "ms": 660051708478.8083 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-02T12:49:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-02T07:49:40Z", "ms": 660124179874.4873 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-01T16:41:48+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-01T11:41:48Z", "ms": 660051708478.8083 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-02T12:49:40+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-02T07:49:40Z", "ms": 660124179874.4873 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-01T17:41:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-01T12:41:58Z", "ms": 660055318242.0652 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-01T19:28:25+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-01T14:28:25Z", "ms": 660061705002.091 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-02T17:42:01+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-02T12:42:01Z", "ms": 660141721192.0309 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-02T19:28:33+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-02T14:28:33Z", "ms": 660148113174.1726 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:42 on Sat 1 Dec to 12:50 on Sun 2 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-01T11:41:48Z → 1990-12-02T07:49:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:28 on the 1st, 17:42–19:29 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 107 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3610 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1990 falls on Saturday 1 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:42 on Sat 1 Dec to 12:50 on Sun 2 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-12-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7648, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-05T02:01:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-04T21:01:12Z", "ms": 660344471714.6097 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-05T23:14:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-05T18:14:58Z", "ms": 660420898132.3242 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-05T02:01:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-04T21:01:12Z", "ms": 660344471714.6097 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-05T23:14:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-05T18:14:58Z", "ms": 660420898132.3242 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-04T19:58:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-04T14:58:56Z", "ms": 660322735742.0032 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-04T19:58:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-04T14:58:56Z", "ms": 660322735742.0032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-05T21:07:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-05T16:07:30Z", "ms": 660413249952.78 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-05T21:07:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-05T16:07:30Z", "ms": 660413249952.78 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:01 on Wed 5 Dec to 23:15 on Wed 5 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-04T21:01:12Z → 1990-12-05T18:14:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:59 on the 4th and 21:07 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7648 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1990 falls on Wednesday 5 December. Caturthī runs from 02:01 on Wed 5 Dec to 23:15 on Wed 5 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1990-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-11T21:27:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-11T16:27:58Z", "ms": 660932877742.0157 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-12T23:21:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-12T18:21:59Z", "ms": 661026119431.5289 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-11T21:27:58+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-11T16:27:58Z", "ms": 660932877742.0157 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-12T23:21:59+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-12T18:21:59Z", "ms": 661026119431.5289 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-12T07:07:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-12T02:07:04Z", "ms": 660967624094.1681 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-12T07:07:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-12T02:07:04Z", "ms": 660967624094.1681 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-13T07:07:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T02:07:42Z", "ms": 661054061938.5989 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-13T07:07:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T02:07:42Z", "ms": 661054061938.5989 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:28 on Tue 11 Dec to 23:22 on Wed 12 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-11T16:27:58Z → 1990-12-12T18:21:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 12th and 07:08 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Wednesday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Wednesday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 21:28 on Tue 11 Dec to 23:22 on Wed 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-12-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-14T01:37:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T20:37:07Z", "ms": 661120627322.9088 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-15T04:06:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T23:06:13Z", "ms": 661215972588.6982 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-14T01:37:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T20:37:07Z", "ms": 661120627322.9088 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-15T04:06:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T23:06:13Z", "ms": 661215972588.6982 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-13T17:44:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T12:44:10Z", "ms": 661092250483.9072 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-13T19:31:24+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-13T14:31:24Z", "ms": 661098683636.9202 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-14T17:44:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T12:44:31Z", "ms": 661178670685.4606 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-14T19:31:46+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T14:31:46Z", "ms": 661185106011.3926 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:37 on Fri 14 Dec to 04:06 on Sat 15 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-13T20:37:07Z → 1990-12-14T23:06:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:31 on the 13th, 17:45–19:32 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 13th and 107 of 107 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Friday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Friday 14 December. Trayodaśī runs from 01:37 on Fri 14 Dec to 04:06 on Sat 15 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-12-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11729, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-15T04:06:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T23:06:13Z", "ms": 661215972588.6982 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-16T06:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-16T01:42:56Z", "ms": 661311775718.7609 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-15T04:06:13+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T23:06:13Z", "ms": 661215972588.6982 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-16T06:42:56+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-16T01:42:56Z", "ms": 661311775718.7609 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-15T00:02:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T19:02:43Z", "ms": 661201363157.7058 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-15T00:50:43+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-14T19:50:43Z", "ms": 661204243157.7058 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-16T00:03:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-15T19:03:12Z", "ms": 661287791795.3002 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-16T00:51:12+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-15T19:51:12Z", "ms": 661290671795.3002 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:06 on Sat 15 Dec to 06:43 on Sun 16 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-14T23:06:13Z → 1990-12-16T01:42:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:03–00:51 on the 14th, 00:03–00:51 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 1990 falls on Saturday 15 December. Caturdaśī runs from 04:06 on Sat 15 Dec to 06:43 on Sun 16 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/shivaratri?on=1990-12-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-12-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-20T16:35:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-20T11:35:10Z", "ms": 661692910084.565 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-21T18:24:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-21T13:24:31Z", "ms": 661785870749.7606 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-20T16:35:10+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-20T11:35:10Z", "ms": 661692910084.565 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-21T18:24:31+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-21T13:24:31Z", "ms": 661785870749.7606 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-20T12:05:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-20T07:05:22Z", "ms": 661676722303.0945 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-20T12:53:22+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-20T07:53:22Z", "ms": 661679602303.0945 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-21T12:05:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-21T07:05:52Z", "ms": 661763152390.1306 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-21T12:53:52+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-21T07:53:52Z", "ms": 661766032390.1306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:35 on Thu 20 Dec to 18:25 on Fri 21 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-20T11:35:10Z → 1990-12-21T13:24:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 20th, 12:06–12:54 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 1990 falls on Friday 21 December. Caturthī runs from 16:35 on Thu 20 Dec to 18:25 on Fri 21 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1990-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-12-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22751, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-27T16:17:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-27T11:17:07Z", "ms": 662296626680.7007 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-28T13:34:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-28T08:34:39Z", "ms": 662373279013.3854 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-27T16:17:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-27T11:17:07Z", "ms": 662296626680.7007 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-28T13:34:39+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-28T08:34:39Z", "ms": 662373279013.3854 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-27T07:15:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-27T02:15:04Z", "ms": 662264104339.7748 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-27T07:15:04+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-27T02:15:04Z", "ms": 662264104339.7748 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1990-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-28T07:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-28T02:15:28Z", "ms": 662350528146.4633 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-28T07:15:28+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-28T02:15:28Z", "ms": 662350528146.4633 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:17 on Thu 27 Dec to 13:35 on Fri 28 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-27T11:17:07Z → 1990-12-28T08:34:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:15 on the 27th and 07:15 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22751 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 1990: Friday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 1990 falls on Friday 28 December. Ekādaśī runs from 16:17 on Thu 27 Dec to 13:35 on Fri 28 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/ekadashi?on=1990-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-12-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 1990, "local_date": "1990-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1990-12-29T10:23:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-29T05:23:57Z", "ms": 662448236815.6461 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-30T06:53:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-30T01:53:53Z", "ms": 662522032817.1108 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1990-12-29T10:23:57+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-29T05:23:57Z", "ms": 662448236815.6461 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-30T06:53:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-30T01:53:53Z", "ms": 662522032817.1108 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1990-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-29T17:51:53+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-29T12:51:53Z", "ms": 662475112837.3365 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-29T19:39:07+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-29T14:39:07Z", "ms": 662481547405.858 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1990-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1990-12-30T17:52:30+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-30T12:52:30Z", "ms": 662561549979.9344 }, "end": { "local": "1990-12-30T19:39:42+05:00", "utc": "1990-12-30T14:39:42Z", "ms": 662567982276.6184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:24 on Sat 29 Dec to 06:54 on Sun 30 Dec.", "fact": "1990-12-29T05:23:57Z → 1990-12-30T01:53:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:39 on the 29th, 17:52–19:40 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 107 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 1990: Saturday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1990-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1990 falls on Saturday 29 December. Trayodaśī runs from 10:24 on Sat 29 Dec to 06:54 on Sun 30 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/1990/pradosha-vrata?on=1990-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }