{ "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002", "place": { "id": "1174872", "slug": "karachi", "name": "Karachi", "region": "Sindh, Pakistan", "country": "PK", "lat": 24.8608, "lon": 67.0104, "elevation_m": 8, "tz": "Asia/Karachi" }, "year": 2002, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-01-02", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29220, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-02T08:03:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-02T03:03:42Z", "ms": 1009940621777.739 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-03T05:17:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-03T00:17:03Z", "ms": 1010017022881.0891 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-02T08:03:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-02T03:03:42Z", "ms": 1009940621777.739 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-03T05:17:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-03T00:17:03Z", "ms": 1010017022881.0891 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-01T20:03:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-01T15:03:32Z", "ms": 1009897412215.2317 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-01T20:03:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-01T15:03:32Z", "ms": 1009897412215.2317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-02T21:10:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-02T16:10:03Z", "ms": 1009987802718.7186 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-02T21:10:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-02T16:10:03Z", "ms": 1009987802718.7186 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:04 on Wed 2 Jan to 05:17 on Thu 3 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-02T03:03:42Z → 2002-01-03T00:17:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:04 on the 1st and 21:10 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29220 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Wednesday 2 January. Caturthī runs from 08:04 on Wed 2 Jan to 05:17 on Thu 3 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-01-09", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-08T17:29:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-08T12:29:00Z", "ms": 1010492939988.7733 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-09T16:50:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-09T11:50:25Z", "ms": 1010577024890.6514 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-08T17:29:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-08T12:29:00Z", "ms": 1010492939988.7733 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-09T16:50:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-09T11:50:25Z", "ms": 1010577024890.6514 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-08T07:18:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-08T02:18:27Z", "ms": 1010456306556.6312 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-08T07:18:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-08T02:18:27Z", "ms": 1010456306556.6312 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-09T07:18:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-09T02:18:34Z", "ms": 1010542714147.4197 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-09T07:18:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-09T02:18:34Z", "ms": 1010542714147.4197 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:29 on Tue 8 Jan to 16:50 on Wed 9 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-08T12:29:00Z → 2002-01-09T11:50:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 8th and 07:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Wednesday 9 January. Ekādaśī runs from 17:29 on Tue 8 Jan to 16:50 on Wed 9 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-01-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-10T16:37:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-10T11:37:10Z", "ms": 1010662630112.1913 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-11T16:49:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T11:49:09Z", "ms": 1010749748986.0295 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-10T16:37:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-10T11:37:10Z", "ms": 1010662630112.1913 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-11T16:49:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T11:49:09Z", "ms": 1010749748986.0295 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-10T18:00:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-10T13:00:14Z", "ms": 1010667613644.7018 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-10T19:46:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-10T14:46:42Z", "ms": 1010674001833.2427 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-11T18:00:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T13:00:58Z", "ms": 1010754057570.8972 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-11T19:47:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T14:47:20Z", "ms": 1010760440342.0187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:37 on Thu 10 Jan to 16:49 on Fri 11 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-10T11:37:10Z → 2002-01-11T11:49:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:00–19:47 on the 10th, 18:01–19:47 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 106 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Thursday 10 January. Trayodaśī runs from 16:37 on Thu 10 Jan to 16:49 on Fri 11 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-01-11", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24598, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-11T16:49:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T11:49:09Z", "ms": 1010749748986.0295 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-12T17:26:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-12T12:26:18Z", "ms": 1010838378138.4131 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-11T16:49:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T11:49:09Z", "ms": 1010749748986.0295 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-12T17:26:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-12T12:26:18Z", "ms": 1010838378138.4131 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-12T00:15:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T19:15:53Z", "ms": 1010776552962.6028 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-12T01:03:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-11T20:03:53Z", "ms": 1010779432962.6028 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-13T00:16:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-12T19:16:16Z", "ms": 1010862975986.2563 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-13T01:04:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-12T20:04:16Z", "ms": 1010865855986.2563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:49 on Fri 11 Jan to 17:26 on Sat 12 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-11T11:49:09Z → 2002-01-12T12:26:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:16–01:04 on the 11th, 00:16–01:04 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24598 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Friday 11 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Friday 11 January. Caturdaśī runs from 16:49 on Fri 11 Jan to 17:26 on Sat 12 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-01-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25940, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-12T23:51:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-12T18:51:56Z", "ms": 1013539916352.1987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-13T18:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-13T13:02:26Z", "ms": 1010926946222.2286 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-15T18:03:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-15T13:03:56Z", "ms": 1011099835661.1013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25940 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2002-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2002-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhogi 2002 falls on Sunday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25940, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-12T23:51:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-12T18:51:56Z", "ms": 1013539916352.1987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-13T18:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-13T13:02:26Z", "ms": 1010926946222.2286 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-15T18:03:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-15T13:03:56Z", "ms": 1011099835661.1013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25940 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Karachi, 2002: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pongal 2002 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39051, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-12T23:51:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-12T18:51:56Z", "ms": 1013539916352.1987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-13T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-12T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1010862000000 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1010948400000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1010948400000 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-15T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1011034800000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Karachi.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Karachi" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 39051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Karachi, 2002: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Makara Saṅkrānti 2002 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25940, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-12T23:51:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-12T18:51:56Z", "ms": 1013539916352.1987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T10:50:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z", "ms": 1010987450535.4348 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-13T18:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-13T13:02:26Z", "ms": 1010926946222.2286 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-14T18:03:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-14T13:03:11Z", "ms": 1011013390863.5828 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-15T18:03:56+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-15T13:03:56Z", "ms": 1011099835661.1013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2002-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-14T05:50:51Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 25940 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2002-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2002-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mattu Pongal 2002 falls on Tuesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:51 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-01-17", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35590, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-16T23:58:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-16T18:58:03Z", "ms": 1011207482820.797 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-18T02:25:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-17T21:25:14Z", "ms": 1011302714260.4319 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-16T23:58:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-16T18:58:03Z", "ms": 1011207482820.797 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-18T02:25:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-17T21:25:14Z", "ms": 1011302714260.4319 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-17T12:18:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-17T07:18:04Z", "ms": 1011251884208.2745 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-17T13:06:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-17T08:06:04Z", "ms": 1011254764208.2745 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-18T12:18:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-18T07:18:24Z", "ms": 1011338303956.4795 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-18T13:06:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-18T08:06:24Z", "ms": 1011341183956.4795 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:58 on Wed 16 Jan to 02:25 on Fri 18 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-16T18:58:03Z → 2002-01-17T21:25:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 17th, 12:18–13:06 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35590 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 17 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Thursday 17 January. Caturthī runs from 23:58 on Wed 16 Jan to 02:25 on Fri 18 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-01-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-01-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19604, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-24T13:09:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-24T08:09:51Z", "ms": 1011859791114.274 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-25T12:44:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-25T07:44:02Z", "ms": 1011944641530.4657 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-24T13:09:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-24T08:09:51Z", "ms": 1011859791114.274 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-25T12:44:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-25T07:44:02Z", "ms": 1011944641530.4657 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-24T07:17:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-24T02:17:33Z", "ms": 1011838653025.9612 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-24T07:17:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-24T02:17:33Z", "ms": 1011838653025.9612 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-25T07:17:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-25T02:17:17Z", "ms": 1011925037196.1426 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-25T07:17:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-25T02:17:17Z", "ms": 1011925037196.1426 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Thu 24 Jan to 12:44 on Fri 25 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-24T08:09:51Z → 2002-01-25T07:44:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 24th and 07:17 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19604 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Friday 25 January. Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Thu 24 Jan to 12:44 on Fri 25 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-01-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-01-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-26T11:29:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-26T06:29:32Z", "ms": 1012026572191.5997 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-27T09:30:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-27T04:30:45Z", "ms": 1012105844749.5134 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-26T11:29:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-26T06:29:32Z", "ms": 1012026572191.5997 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-27T09:30:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-27T04:30:45Z", "ms": 1012105844749.5134 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-26T18:12:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-26T13:12:09Z", "ms": 1012050728504.4181 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-26T19:56:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-26T14:56:45Z", "ms": 1012057004870.5446 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-27T18:12:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-27T13:12:53Z", "ms": 1012137172524.232 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-27T19:57:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-27T14:57:20Z", "ms": 1012143440343.1251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:30 on Sat 26 Jan to 09:31 on Sun 27 Jan.", "fact": "2002-01-26T06:29:32Z → 2002-01-27T04:30:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:57 on the 26th, 18:13–19:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 104 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 26 January. Trayodaśī runs from 11:30 on Sat 26 Jan to 09:31 on Sun 27 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-01-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-01-31", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12858, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-01-31T17:30:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-31T12:30:49Z", "ms": 1012480248799.7124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-01T14:16:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-01T09:16:31Z", "ms": 1012554991365.4396 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-01-31T17:30:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-31T12:30:49Z", "ms": 1012480248799.7124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-01T14:16:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-01T09:16:31Z", "ms": 1012554991365.4396 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-01-31T21:05:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-31T16:05:07Z", "ms": 1012493106761.5945 }, "end": { "local": "2002-01-31T21:05:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-01-31T16:05:07Z", "ms": 1012493106761.5945 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-01T22:09:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-01T17:09:23Z", "ms": 1012583362525.5015 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-01T22:09:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-01T17:09:23Z", "ms": 1012583362525.5015 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:31 on Thu 31 Jan to 14:17 on Fri 1 Feb.", "fact": "2002-01-31T12:30:49Z → 2002-02-01T09:16:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:05 on the 31st and 22:09 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12858 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Thursday 31 January. Caturthī runs from 17:31 on Thu 31 Jan to 14:17 on Fri 1 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-02-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3504, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-07T05:35:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-07T00:35:27Z", "ms": 1013042127369.1969 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-08T06:12:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-08T01:12:50Z", "ms": 1013130769590.1678 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-07T05:35:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-07T00:35:27Z", "ms": 1013042127369.1969 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-08T06:12:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-08T01:12:50Z", "ms": 1013130769590.1678 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-07T07:11:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-07T02:11:47Z", "ms": 1013047907462.6366 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-07T07:11:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-07T02:11:47Z", "ms": 1013047907462.6366 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-08T07:11:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-08T02:11:13Z", "ms": 1013134273239.4053 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-08T07:11:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-08T02:11:13Z", "ms": 1013134273239.4053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:35 on Thu 7 Feb to 06:13 on Fri 8 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-07T00:35:27Z → 2002-02-08T01:12:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:12 on the 7th and 07:11 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3504 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 7 February. Ekādaśī runs from 05:35 on Thu 7 Feb to 06:13 on Fri 8 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-02-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-09T07:18:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T02:18:23Z", "ms": 1013221103087.7439 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-09T07:18:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T02:18:23Z", "ms": 1013221103087.7439 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-09T18:21:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T13:21:58Z", "ms": 1013260918413.5392 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-09T20:04:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T15:04:23Z", "ms": 1013267062799.0612 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T18:22:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T13:22:38Z", "ms": 1013347357921.9816 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-10T20:04:52+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T15:04:52Z", "ms": 1013353492016.7205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Sat 9 Feb to 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-09T02:18:23Z → 2002-02-10T03:47:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–20:04 on the 9th, 18:23–20:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 102 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 9 February. Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Sat 9 Feb to 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-02-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-02-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T10:36:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T05:36:07Z", "ms": 1013405766882.2504 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T10:36:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T05:36:07Z", "ms": 1013405766882.2504 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T00:22:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T19:22:00Z", "ms": 1013282519859.2468 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-10T01:10:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-09T20:10:00Z", "ms": 1013285399859.2468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-11T00:22:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T19:22:01Z", "ms": 1013368920777.2523 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T01:10:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T20:10:01Z", "ms": 1013371800777.2523 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb to 10:36 on Mon 11 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z → 2002-02-11T05:36:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:22–01:10 on the 9th, 00:22–01:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Sunday 10 February. Caturdaśī runs from 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb to 10:36 on Mon 11 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-02-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5849, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T10:36:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T05:36:07Z", "ms": 1013405766882.2504 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T08:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z", "ms": 1013312850110.2926 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T10:36:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T05:36:07Z", "ms": 1013405766882.2504 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-10T05:27:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T00:27:37Z", "ms": 1013300856919.4324 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-10T07:10:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-10T02:10:01Z", "ms": 1013307001304.9543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-11T05:27:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T00:27:10Z", "ms": 1013387229537.7842 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-11T07:09:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-11T02:09:24Z", "ms": 1013393363632.5231 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb to 10:36 on Mon 11 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-10T03:47:30Z → 2002-02-11T05:36:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:28–07:10 on the 10th, 05:27–07:09 on the 11th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 10th and 102 of 102 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5849 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 2002: Monday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Tarpaṇa 2002 falls on Monday 11 February. Caturdaśī runs from 08:48 on Sun 10 Feb to 10:36 on Mon 11 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T20:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1013785199647.4716 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T20:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1013785199647.4716 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T12:22:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T07:22:16Z", "ms": 1013757735554.6794 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-15T13:10:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T08:10:16Z", "ms": 1013760615554.6794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T12:22:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T07:22:12Z", "ms": 1013844132497.2983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T13:10:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T08:10:12Z", "ms": 1013847012497.2983 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:00 on Fri 15 Feb to 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z → 2002-02-16T17:32:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 15th, 12:22–13:10 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2002 falls on Saturday 16 February. Caturthī runs from 20:00 on Fri 15 Feb to 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T20:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1013785199647.4716 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T20:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1013785199647.4716 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-15T18:25:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T13:25:49Z", "ms": 1013779549063.2484 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-15T20:07:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-15T15:07:10Z", "ms": 1013785630392.3894 } }, "covered_min": 7, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T18:26:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T13:26:26Z", "ms": 1013865985962.7904 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T20:07:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T15:07:37Z", "ms": 1013872056503.1156 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:00 on Fri 15 Feb to 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-15T15:00:00Z → 2002-02-16T17:32:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:07 on the 15th, 18:26–20:08 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 7 of 101 minutes on the 15th and 101 of 101 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Tila Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 16 February. Caturthī runs from 20:00 on Fri 15 Feb to 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 7 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33727, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-18T00:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1013975708350.9458 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-18T00:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1013975708350.9458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T12:22:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T07:22:12Z", "ms": 1013844132497.2983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T13:10:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T08:10:12Z", "ms": 1013847012497.2983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-17T12:22:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T07:22:09Z", "ms": 1013930528712.1663 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-17T13:10:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T08:10:09Z", "ms": 1013933408712.1663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 18 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z → 2002-02-17T19:55:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 16th, 12:22–13:10 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33727 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Pañcamī 2002 falls on Sunday 17 February. Pañcamī runs from 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 18 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33727, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-18T00:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1013975708350.9458 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T22:32:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z", "ms": 1013880739983.6195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-18T00:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1013975708350.9458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-16T12:22:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T07:22:12Z", "ms": 1013844132497.2983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-16T13:10:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-16T08:10:12Z", "ms": 1013847012497.2983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-17T12:22:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T07:22:09Z", "ms": 1013930528712.1663 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-17T13:10:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-17T08:10:09Z", "ms": 1013933408712.1663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 18 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-16T17:32:20Z → 2002-02-17T19:55:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 16th, 12:22–13:10 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33727 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasanta Pañcamī 2002 falls on Sunday 17 February. Pañcamī runs from 22:32 on Sat 16 Feb to 00:55 on Mon 18 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3121, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-19T02:58:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-18T21:58:06Z", "ms": 1014069485528.5215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-20T04:30:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-19T23:30:18Z", "ms": 1014161418327.5472 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-19T02:58:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-18T21:58:06Z", "ms": 1014069485528.5215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-20T04:30:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-19T23:30:18Z", "ms": 1014161418327.5472 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-19T05:22:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-19T00:22:55Z", "ms": 1014078175314.2424 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-19T07:03:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-19T02:03:44Z", "ms": 1014084224070.2345 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-20T05:22:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-20T00:22:19Z", "ms": 1014164539423.6482 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-20T07:02:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-20T02:02:57Z", "ms": 1014170577191.0201 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:58 on Tue 19 Feb to 04:30 on Wed 20 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-18T21:58:06Z → 2002-02-19T23:30:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:23–07:04 on the 19th, 05:22–07:03 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 101 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3121 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ratha Saptamī 2002 falls on Tuesday 19 February. Saptamī runs from 02:58 on Tue 19 Feb to 04:30 on Wed 20 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-02-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8498, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-23T04:38:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-22T23:38:53Z", "ms": 1014421133273.4799 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-24T03:01:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T22:01:28Z", "ms": 1014501688179.1492 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-23T04:38:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-22T23:38:53Z", "ms": 1014421133273.4799 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-24T03:01:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T22:01:28Z", "ms": 1014501688179.1492 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-23T07:00:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T02:00:31Z", "ms": 1014429631237.1492 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-23T07:00:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T02:00:31Z", "ms": 1014429631237.1492 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-24T06:59:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T01:59:41Z", "ms": 1014515980904.9915 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-24T06:59:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T01:59:41Z", "ms": 1014515980904.9915 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:39 on Sat 23 Feb to 03:01 on Sun 24 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-22T23:38:53Z → 2002-02-23T22:01:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:01 on the 23rd and 07:00 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8498 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jayā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Saturday 23 February. Ekādaśī runs from 04:39 on Sat 23 Feb to 03:01 on Sun 24 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33595, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-24T03:01:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T22:01:28Z", "ms": 1014501688179.1492 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T00:38:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T19:38:08Z", "ms": 1014579487877.1359 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-24T03:01:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-23T22:01:28Z", "ms": 1014501688179.1492 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T00:38:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T19:38:08Z", "ms": 1014579487877.1359 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-24T12:21:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T07:21:23Z", "ms": 1014535282877.1453 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-24T13:09:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T08:09:23Z", "ms": 1014538162877.1453 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-25T12:21:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T07:21:14Z", "ms": 1014621673748.0388 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T13:09:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T08:09:14Z", "ms": 1014624553748.0388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:01 on Sun 24 Feb to 00:38 on Mon 25 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-23T22:01:28Z → 2002-02-24T19:38:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 24th, 12:21–13:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33595 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 24 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Sunday 24 February. Dvādaśī runs from 03:01 on Sun 24 Feb to 00:38 on Mon 25 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-02-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-02-25T00:38:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T19:38:08Z", "ms": 1014579487877.1359 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T21:36:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T16:36:18Z", "ms": 1014654977512.1239 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-25T00:38:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T19:38:08Z", "ms": 1014579487877.1359 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T21:36:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T16:36:18Z", "ms": 1014654977512.1239 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-24T18:31:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T13:31:05Z", "ms": 1014557464849.299 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-24T20:10:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-24T15:10:47Z", "ms": 1014563446840.1069 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-25T18:31:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T13:31:38Z", "ms": 1014643897715.719 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-25T20:11:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-25T15:11:08Z", "ms": 1014649868406.0717 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:38 on Mon 25 Feb to 21:36 on Mon 25 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-24T19:38:08Z → 2002-02-25T16:36:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–20:11 on the 24th, 18:32–20:11 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 24th and 100 of 100 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5109 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 25 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Monday 25 February. Trayodaśī runs from 00:38 on Mon 25 Feb to 21:36 on Mon 25 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-02-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-02-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-02-26T18:05:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-26T13:05:30Z", "ms": 1014728730335.1571 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-27T14:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-27T09:16:41Z", "ms": 1014801400662.4114 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-02-26T18:05:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-26T13:05:30Z", "ms": 1014728730335.1571 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-27T14:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-27T09:16:41Z", "ms": 1014801400662.4114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-26T12:21:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-26T07:21:04Z", "ms": 1014708064028.7727 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-26T13:09:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-26T08:09:04Z", "ms": 1014710944028.7727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-02-27T12:20:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-27T07:20:54Z", "ms": 1014794453741.187 }, "end": { "local": "2002-02-27T13:08:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-02-27T08:08:54Z", "ms": 1014797333741.187 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:06 on Tue 26 Feb to 14:17 on Wed 27 Feb.", "fact": "2002-02-26T13:05:30Z → 2002-02-27T09:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 26th, 12:21–13:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 27 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2002 falls on Wednesday 27 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:06 on Tue 26 Feb to 14:17 on Wed 27 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-03-02", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-02T02:58:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-01T21:58:16Z", "ms": 1015019896437.5178 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-02T23:52:21+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-02T18:52:21Z", "ms": 1015095140777.4783 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-02T02:58:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-01T21:58:16Z", "ms": 1015019896437.5178 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-02T23:52:21+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-02T18:52:21Z", "ms": 1015095140777.4783 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-01T20:55:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-01T15:55:14Z", "ms": 1014998114214.8213 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-01T20:55:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-01T15:55:14Z", "ms": 1014998114214.8213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-02T21:59:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-02T16:59:33Z", "ms": 1015088373421.7395 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-02T21:59:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-02T16:59:33Z", "ms": 1015088373421.7395 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:58 on Sat 2 Mar to 23:52 on Sat 2 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-01T21:58:16Z → 2002-03-02T18:52:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 1st and 22:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 2 March. Caturthī runs from 02:58 on Sat 2 Mar to 23:52 on Sat 2 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-03-09", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32383, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-08T20:06:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-08T15:06:24Z", "ms": 1015599984087.1608 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-09T21:47:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-09T16:47:04Z", "ms": 1015692423669.2917 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-08T20:06:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-08T15:06:24Z", "ms": 1015599984087.1608 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-09T21:47:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-09T16:47:04Z", "ms": 1015692423669.2917 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-09T06:47:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-09T01:47:45Z", "ms": 1015638465497.4518 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-09T06:47:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-09T01:47:45Z", "ms": 1015638465497.4518 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-10T06:46:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T01:46:47Z", "ms": 1015724806780.4573 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-10T06:46:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T01:46:47Z", "ms": 1015724806780.4573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:06 on Fri 8 Mar to 21:47 on Sat 9 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-08T15:06:24Z → 2002-03-09T16:47:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 9th and 06:47 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32383 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Saturday 9 March. Ekādaśī runs from 20:06 on Fri 8 Mar to 21:47 on Sat 9 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-03-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12879, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-10T23:49:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T18:49:51Z", "ms": 1015786191391.0146 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-12T02:07:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T21:07:14Z", "ms": 1015880834050.8057 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-10T23:49:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T18:49:51Z", "ms": 1015786191391.0146 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-12T02:07:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T21:07:14Z", "ms": 1015880834050.8057 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-10T18:38:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T13:38:12Z", "ms": 1015767491901.53 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-10T20:15:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-10T15:15:13Z", "ms": 1015773312670.6808 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-11T18:38:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T13:38:40Z", "ms": 1015853920101.8236 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-11T20:15:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T15:15:29Z", "ms": 1015859729180.4523 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:50 on Sun 10 Mar to 02:07 on Tue 12 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-10T18:49:51Z → 2002-03-11T21:07:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:15 on the 10th, 18:39–20:15 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 10th and 97 of 97 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12879 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Monday 11 March. Trayodaśī runs from 23:50 on Sun 10 Mar to 02:07 on Tue 12 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-03-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-12T02:07:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T21:07:14Z", "ms": 1015880834050.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-13T04:33:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-12T23:33:02Z", "ms": 1015975982462.8917 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-12T02:07:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T21:07:14Z", "ms": 1015880834050.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-13T04:33:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-12T23:33:02Z", "ms": 1015975982462.8917 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-12T00:17:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T19:17:44Z", "ms": 1015874264146.6813 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-12T01:05:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-11T20:05:44Z", "ms": 1015877144146.6813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-13T00:17:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-12T19:17:28Z", "ms": 1015960648209.4955 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-13T01:05:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-12T20:05:28Z", "ms": 1015963528209.4955 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:07 on Tue 12 Mar to 04:33 on Wed 13 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-11T21:07:14Z → 2002-03-12T23:33:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:18–01:06 on the 11th, 00:17–01:05 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 3690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāśivarātri 2002 falls on Tuesday 12 March. Caturdaśī runs from 02:07 on Tue 12 Mar to 04:33 on Wed 13 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-03-18", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-17T14:13:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-17T09:13:08Z", "ms": 1016356388496.5383 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-18T16:14:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-18T11:14:18Z", "ms": 1016450057898.6671 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-17T14:13:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-17T09:13:08Z", "ms": 1016356388496.5383 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-18T16:14:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-18T11:14:18Z", "ms": 1016450057898.6671 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-17T12:16:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-17T07:16:35Z", "ms": 1016349395241.7218 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-17T13:04:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-17T08:04:35Z", "ms": 1016352275241.7218 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-18T12:16:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-18T07:16:18Z", "ms": 1016435777977.9836 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-18T13:04:18+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-18T08:04:18Z", "ms": 1016438657977.9836 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:13 on Sun 17 Mar to 16:14 on Mon 18 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-17T09:13:08Z → 2002-03-18T11:14:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:17–13:05 on the 17th, 12:16–13:04 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Monday 18 March. Caturthī runs from 14:13 on Sun 17 Mar to 16:14 on Mon 18 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-03-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26454, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-24T16:23:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-24T11:23:55Z", "ms": 1016969034710.9006 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-25T13:52:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-25T08:52:26Z", "ms": 1017046346426.9742 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-24T16:23:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-24T11:23:55Z", "ms": 1016969034710.9006 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-25T13:52:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-25T08:52:26Z", "ms": 1017046346426.9742 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-24T06:32:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-24T01:32:35Z", "ms": 1016933554787.4408 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-24T06:32:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-24T01:32:35Z", "ms": 1016933554787.4408 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-25T06:31:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-25T01:31:33Z", "ms": 1017019892807.852 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-25T06:31:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-25T01:31:33Z", "ms": 1017019892807.852 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:24 on Sun 24 Mar to 13:52 on Mon 25 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-24T11:23:55Z → 2002-03-25T08:52:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 24th and 06:32 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26454 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 25 March. Ekādaśī runs from 16:24 on Sun 24 Mar to 13:52 on Mon 25 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-03-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-26T10:45:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-26T05:45:08Z", "ms": 1017121508028.025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-27T07:10:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T02:10:59Z", "ms": 1017195059361.3654 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-26T10:45:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-26T05:45:08Z", "ms": 1017121508028.025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-27T07:10:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T02:10:59Z", "ms": 1017195059361.3654 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-26T18:45:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-26T13:45:19Z", "ms": 1017150318600.2544 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-26T20:19:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-26T15:19:12Z", "ms": 1017155951968.1323 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-27T18:45:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T13:45:44Z", "ms": 1017236744069.029 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-27T20:19:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T15:19:26Z", "ms": 1017242365786.4684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:45 on Tue 26 Mar to 07:11 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-26T05:45:08Z → 2002-03-27T02:10:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:19 on the 26th, 18:46–20:19 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 94 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 26 March. Trayodaśī runs from 10:45 on Tue 26 Mar to 07:11 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-03-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16724, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T03:20:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z", "ms": 1017267628239.166 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T03:20:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z", "ms": 1017267628239.166 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-27T16:18:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T11:18:29Z", "ms": 1017227909027.091 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-27T18:45:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T13:45:44Z", "ms": 1017236744069.029 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T16:18:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T11:18:37Z", "ms": 1017314316979.0258 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T18:46:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T13:46:09Z", "ms": 1017323169486.3263 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:20 on Thu 28 Mar to 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z → 2002-03-28T18:24:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:46 on the 27th, 16:19–18:46 on the 28th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 147 minutes on the 27th and 148 of 148 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16724 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holikā Dahana 2002 falls on Thursday 28 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:20 on Thu 28 Mar to 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16724, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T03:20:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z", "ms": 1017267628239.166 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T03:20:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z", "ms": 1017267628239.166 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-27T16:18:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T11:18:29Z", "ms": 1017227909027.091 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-27T18:45:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-27T13:45:44Z", "ms": 1017236744069.029 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T16:18:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T11:18:37Z", "ms": 1017314316979.0258 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-28T18:46:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T13:46:09Z", "ms": 1017323169486.3263 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2002-03-28", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:20 on Thu 28 Mar to 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-27T22:20:28Z → 2002-03-28T18:24:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:46 on the 27th, 16:19–18:46 on the 28th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 147 minutes on the 27th and 148 of 148 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16724 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 28 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holī 2002 falls on Friday 29 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 28 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:20 on Thu 28 Mar to 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 28th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-29T19:35:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-29T14:35:51Z", "ms": 1017412551280.1804 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-28T23:24:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z", "ms": 1017339893153.3525 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-29T19:35:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-29T14:35:51Z", "ms": 1017412551280.1804 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-29T06:27:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-29T01:27:25Z", "ms": 1017365245123.6581 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-29T06:27:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-29T01:27:25Z", "ms": 1017365245123.6581 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-30T06:26:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-30T01:26:23Z", "ms": 1017451583410.9702 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-30T06:26:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-30T01:26:23Z", "ms": 1017451583410.9702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar to 19:36 on Fri 29 Mar.", "fact": "2002-03-28T18:24:53Z → 2002-03-29T14:35:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 29th and 06:26 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Karachi, 2002: Friday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasantotsava 2002 falls on Friday 29 March. Pratipadā runs from 23:25 on Thu 28 Mar to 19:36 on Fri 29 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-03-31", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-03-31T13:02:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-31T08:02:28Z", "ms": 1017561747995.3331 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-01T10:38:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-01T05:38:11Z", "ms": 1017639490558.5986 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-03-31T13:02:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-31T08:02:28Z", "ms": 1017561747995.3331 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-01T10:38:11+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-01T05:38:11Z", "ms": 1017639490558.5986 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-03-31T21:48:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-31T16:48:38Z", "ms": 1017593318181.0123 }, "end": { "local": "2002-03-31T21:48:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-03-31T16:48:38Z", "ms": 1017593318181.0123 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-01T22:52:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-01T17:52:59Z", "ms": 1017683578829.5022 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-01T22:52:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-01T17:52:59Z", "ms": 1017683578829.5022 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Sun 31 Mar to 10:38 on Mon 1 Apr.", "fact": "2002-03-31T08:02:28Z → 2002-04-01T05:38:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:49 on the 31st and 22:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Sunday 31 March. Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Sun 31 Mar to 10:38 on Mon 1 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11547, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-04T08:10:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-04T03:10:37Z", "ms": 1017889837225.4512 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-05T08:58:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-05T03:58:28Z", "ms": 1017979107801.2297 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-04T08:10:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-04T03:10:37Z", "ms": 1017889837225.4512 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-05T08:58:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-05T03:58:28Z", "ms": 1017979107801.2297 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-04T12:11:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-04T07:11:13Z", "ms": 1017904272547.0793 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-04T12:59:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-04T07:59:13Z", "ms": 1017907152547.0793 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-05T12:10:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-05T07:10:55Z", "ms": 1017990655149.0083 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-05T12:58:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-04-05T07:58:55Z", "ms": 1017993535149.0083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:11 on Thu 4 Apr to 08:58 on Fri 5 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-04T03:10:37Z → 2002-04-05T03:58:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 4th, 12:11–12:59 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11547 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalāṣṭamī 2002 falls on Thursday 4 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:11 on Thu 4 Apr to 08:58 on Fri 5 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-04-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-07T13:24:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-07T07:24:55Z", "ms": 1018164294614.2477 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-08T15:43:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-08T09:43:26Z", "ms": 1018259005963.3265 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-07T13:24:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-07T07:24:55Z", "ms": 1018164294614.2477 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-08T15:43:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-08T09:43:26Z", "ms": 1018259005963.3265 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-07T07:18:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-07T01:18:17Z", "ms": 1018142297216.4952 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-07T07:18:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-07T01:18:17Z", "ms": 1018142297216.4952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-08T07:17:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-08T01:17:18Z", "ms": 1018228637779.0164 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-08T07:17:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-08T01:17:18Z", "ms": 1018228637779.0164 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:25 on Sun 7 Apr to 15:43 on Mon 8 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-07T07:24:55Z → 2002-04-08T09:43:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 7th and 07:17 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 8 April. Ekādaśī runs from 13:25 on Sun 7 Apr to 15:43 on Mon 8 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-04-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2465, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-09T18:11:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-09T12:11:51Z", "ms": 1018354311056.1125 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-10T20:41:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T14:41:39Z", "ms": 1018449698700.7246 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-09T18:11:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-09T12:11:51Z", "ms": 1018354311056.1125 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-10T20:41:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T14:41:39Z", "ms": 1018449698700.7246 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-09T19:51:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-09T13:51:17Z", "ms": 1018360276646.1342 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-09T21:22:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-09T15:22:29Z", "ms": 1018365749102.3849 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-10T19:51:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T13:51:43Z", "ms": 1018446702791.0914 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-10T21:22:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T15:22:44Z", "ms": 1018452163997.8127 } }, "covered_min": 50, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:12 on Tue 9 Apr to 20:42 on Wed 10 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-09T12:11:51Z → 2002-04-10T14:41:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:51–21:22 on the 9th, 19:52–21:23 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 9th and 50 of 91 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2465 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 9 April. Trayodaśī runs from 18:12 on Tue 9 Apr to 20:42 on Wed 10 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 50 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-04-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-04-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7348, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-10T20:41:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T14:41:39Z", "ms": 1018449698700.7246 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-11T23:06:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-11T17:06:19Z", "ms": 1018544778789.5664 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-10T20:41:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T14:41:39Z", "ms": 1018449698700.7246 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-11T23:06:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-11T17:06:19Z", "ms": 1018544778789.5664 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-11T01:09:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T19:09:02Z", "ms": 1018465742316.2961 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-11T01:57:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-10T19:57:02Z", "ms": 1018468622316.2961 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-12T01:08:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-11T19:08:47Z", "ms": 1018552126561.8557 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-12T01:56:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-11T19:56:47Z", "ms": 1018555006561.8557 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:42 on Wed 10 Apr to 23:06 on Thu 11 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-10T14:41:39Z → 2002-04-11T17:06:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:09–01:57 on the 10th, 01:09–01:57 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7348 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Wednesday 10 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:42 on Wed 10 Apr to 23:06 on Thu 11 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-04-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3191, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2002-04-14T06:18:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T00:18:19Z", "ms": 1018743499242.1012 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T03:10:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T21:10:02Z", "ms": 1021410602153.1077 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2002-04-14T06:18:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T00:18:19Z", "ms": 1018743499242.1012 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-14T06:18:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T00:18:19Z", "ms": 1018743499242.1012 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-13T07:12:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-13T01:12:27Z", "ms": 1018660346761.451 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-14T07:11:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T01:11:30Z", "ms": 1018746689953.0323 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-14T07:11:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T01:11:30Z", "ms": 1018746689953.0323 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-15T07:10:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-15T01:10:34Z", "ms": 1018833033662.0411 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 06:18 on Sun 14 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-14T00:18:19Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 07:12 on the 13th, and from 07:11 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 3191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2002-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2002-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaiśākhī 2002 falls on Saturday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 06:18 on Sun 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-04-13T01:21:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-12T19:21:08Z", "ms": 1018639268291.2598 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-14T03:22:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-13T21:22:31Z", "ms": 1018732951489.533 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-13T01:21:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-12T19:21:08Z", "ms": 1018639268291.2598 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-14T03:22:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-13T21:22:31Z", "ms": 1018732951489.533 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-13T13:08:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-13T07:08:44Z", "ms": 1018681724371.3909 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-13T13:56:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-13T07:56:44Z", "ms": 1018684604371.3909 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-14T13:08:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T07:08:29Z", "ms": 1018768109298.845 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-14T13:56:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T07:56:29Z", "ms": 1018770989298.845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:21 on Sat 13 Apr to 03:23 on Sun 14 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-12T19:21:08Z → 2002-04-13T21:22:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 13th, 13:08–13:56 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Karachi, 2002: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2002 falls on Saturday 13 April. Pratipadā runs from 01:21 on Sat 13 Apr to 03:23 on Sun 14 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23782, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T05:07:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z", "ms": 1018825632714.7374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T05:07:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z", "ms": 1018825632714.7374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T13:08:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-15T07:08:15Z", "ms": 1018854494554.5 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-15T13:56:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-15T07:56:15Z", "ms": 1018857374554.5 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:08:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:08:00Z", "ms": 1018940880150.6376 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:56:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:56:00Z", "ms": 1018943760150.6376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:07 on Mon 15 Apr to 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z → 2002-04-16T00:31:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 15th, 13:08–13:56 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23782 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2002: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2002 falls on Monday 15 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:07 on Mon 15 Apr to 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23782, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T05:07:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z", "ms": 1018825632714.7374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T05:07:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z", "ms": 1018825632714.7374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-15T13:08:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-15T07:08:15Z", "ms": 1018854494554.5 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-15T13:56:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-15T07:56:15Z", "ms": 1018857374554.5 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:08:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:08:00Z", "ms": 1018940880150.6376 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:56:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:56:00Z", "ms": 1018943760150.6376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:07 on Mon 15 Apr to 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-14T23:07:13Z → 2002-04-16T00:31:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 15th, 13:08–13:56 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23782 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2002 falls on Monday 15 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:07 on Mon 15 Apr to 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-04-16", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20166, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-17T07:31:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T01:31:40Z", "ms": 1019007100490.7899 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-16T06:31:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z", "ms": 1018917098366.025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-17T07:31:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T01:31:40Z", "ms": 1019007100490.7899 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:08:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:08:00Z", "ms": 1018940880150.6376 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-16T13:56:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-16T07:56:00Z", "ms": 1018943760150.6376 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-17T13:07:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T07:07:46Z", "ms": 1019027266099.2622 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-17T13:55:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T07:55:46Z", "ms": 1019030146099.2622 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr to 07:32 on Wed 17 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-16T00:31:38Z → 2002-04-17T01:31:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 16th, 13:08–13:56 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Tuesday 16 April. Caturthī runs from 06:32 on Tue 16 Apr to 07:32 on Wed 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-17T07:31:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T01:31:40Z", "ms": 1019007100490.7899 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-18T08:02:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-18T02:02:48Z", "ms": 1019095367551.0714 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-17T07:31:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T01:31:40Z", "ms": 1019007100490.7899 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-18T08:02:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-18T02:02:48Z", "ms": 1019095367551.0714 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-17T13:07:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T07:07:46Z", "ms": 1019027266099.2622 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-17T13:55:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-17T07:55:46Z", "ms": 1019030146099.2622 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-18T13:07:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-18T07:07:32Z", "ms": 1019113652412.21 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-18T13:55:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-18T07:55:32Z", "ms": 1019116532412.21 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:32 on Wed 17 Apr to 08:03 on Thu 18 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-17T01:31:40Z → 2002-04-18T02:02:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 17th, 13:08–13:56 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2002 falls on Wednesday 17 April. Pañcamī runs from 07:32 on Wed 17 Apr to 08:03 on Thu 18 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-20T07:21:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-20T01:21:57Z", "ms": 1019265717273.885 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-21T06:05:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T00:05:08Z", "ms": 1019347508162.7358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-20T07:21:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-20T01:21:57Z", "ms": 1019265717273.885 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-21T06:05:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T00:05:08Z", "ms": 1019347508162.7358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-20T13:07:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-20T07:07:06Z", "ms": 1019286426178.3634 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-20T13:55:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-20T07:55:06Z", "ms": 1019289306178.3634 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-21T13:06:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T07:06:54Z", "ms": 1019372813655.6698 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-21T13:54:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T07:54:54Z", "ms": 1019375693655.6698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:22 on Sat 20 Apr to 06:05 on Sun 21 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-20T01:21:57Z → 2002-04-21T00:05:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 20th, 13:07–13:55 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhavānī Utpatti 2002 falls on Saturday 20 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:22 on Sat 20 Apr to 06:05 on Sun 21 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-21T06:05:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T00:05:08Z", "ms": 1019347508162.7358 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-22T04:10:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T22:10:59Z", "ms": 1019427058673.0465 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-21T06:05:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T00:05:08Z", "ms": 1019347508162.7358 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-22T04:10:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T22:10:59Z", "ms": 1019427058673.0465 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-21T13:06:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T07:06:54Z", "ms": 1019372813655.6698 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-21T13:54:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-21T07:54:54Z", "ms": 1019375693655.6698 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-22T13:06:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-22T07:06:42Z", "ms": 1019459201545.8903 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-22T13:54:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-22T07:54:42Z", "ms": 1019462081545.8903 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 06:05 on Sun 21 Apr to 04:11 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-21T00:05:08Z → 2002-04-21T22:10:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 21st, 13:07–13:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāma Navamī 2002 falls on Sunday 21 April. Navamī runs from 06:05 on Sun 21 Apr to 04:11 on Mon 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-04-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19241, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-23T01:42:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-22T19:42:43Z", "ms": 1019504563299.8097 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-23T22:45:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-23T16:45:54Z", "ms": 1019580354133.6417 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-23T01:42:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-22T19:42:43Z", "ms": 1019504563299.8097 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-23T22:45:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-23T16:45:54Z", "ms": 1019580354133.6417 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-23T07:03:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-23T01:03:25Z", "ms": 1019523804628.9302 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-23T07:03:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-23T01:03:25Z", "ms": 1019523804628.9302 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T07:02:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T01:02:34Z", "ms": 1019610154005.6863 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-24T07:02:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T01:02:34Z", "ms": 1019610154005.6863 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Tue 23 Apr to 22:46 on Tue 23 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-22T19:42:43Z → 2002-04-23T16:45:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:03 on the 23rd and 07:03 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19241 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Tuesday 23 April. Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Tue 23 Apr to 22:46 on Tue 23 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-04-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1806, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T19:27:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z", "ms": 1019654877189.6536 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T19:27:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z", "ms": 1019654877189.6536 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T19:58:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T13:58:03Z", "ms": 1019656683233.1104 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-24T21:26:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T15:26:33Z", "ms": 1019661992686.1862 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-25T19:58:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T13:58:32Z", "ms": 1019743111532.308 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T21:26:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T15:26:51Z", "ms": 1019748410665.45 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Wed 24 Apr to 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z → 2002-04-25T09:57:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:58–21:27 on the 24th, 19:59–21:27 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 88 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1806 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Wednesday 24 April. Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Wed 24 Apr to 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-04-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T19:27:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z", "ms": 1019654877189.6536 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T19:27:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z", "ms": 1019654877189.6536 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-24T13:06:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T07:06:19Z", "ms": 1019631978619.3983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-24T13:54:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-24T07:54:19Z", "ms": 1019634858619.3983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-25T13:06:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T07:06:08Z", "ms": 1019718367831.7437 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T13:54:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T07:54:08Z", "ms": 1019721247831.7437 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Wed 24 Apr to 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-24T13:27:57Z → 2002-04-25T09:57:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 24th, 13:06–13:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 25 April. Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Wed 24 Apr to 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-26T12:24:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T06:24:58Z", "ms": 1019802298164.5103 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-25T15:57:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1019728663214.2596 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-26T12:24:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T06:24:58Z", "ms": 1019802298164.5103 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-25T13:06:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T07:06:08Z", "ms": 1019718367831.7437 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-25T13:54:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-25T07:54:08Z", "ms": 1019721247831.7437 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-26T13:05:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T07:05:58Z", "ms": 1019804757514.7625 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-26T13:53:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T07:53:58Z", "ms": 1019807637514.7625 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr to 12:25 on Fri 26 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-25T09:57:43Z → 2002-04-26T06:24:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 25th, 13:06–13:54 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2002 falls on Friday 26 April. Caturdaśī runs from 15:58 on Thu 25 Apr to 12:25 on Fri 26 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-04-26T12:24:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T06:24:58Z", "ms": 1019802298164.5103 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-27T08:59:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-27T02:59:55Z", "ms": 1019876395159.1132 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-26T12:24:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T06:24:58Z", "ms": 1019802298164.5103 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-27T08:59:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-27T02:59:55Z", "ms": 1019876395159.1132 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-26T13:05:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T07:05:58Z", "ms": 1019804757514.7625 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-26T13:53:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-26T07:53:58Z", "ms": 1019807637514.7625 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-27T13:05:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-27T07:05:48Z", "ms": 1019891147683.7454 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-27T13:53:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-27T07:53:48Z", "ms": 1019894027683.7454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:25 on Fri 26 Apr to 09:00 on Sat 27 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-26T06:24:58Z → 2002-04-27T02:59:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 26th, 13:06–13:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2002: Friday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2002 falls on Friday 26 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:25 on Fri 26 Apr to 09:00 on Sat 27 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-04-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 563, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-04-30T01:09:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-29T19:09:57Z", "ms": 1020107396511.9945 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-30T23:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-30T17:49:38Z", "ms": 1020188978049.3682 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-04-30T01:09:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-29T19:09:57Z", "ms": 1020107396511.9945 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-30T23:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-30T17:49:38Z", "ms": 1020188978049.3682 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-29T22:37:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-29T16:37:37Z", "ms": 1020098256551.9926 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-29T22:37:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-29T16:37:37Z", "ms": 1020098256551.9926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-04-30T23:40:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-30T17:40:15Z", "ms": 1020188415209.367 }, "end": { "local": "2002-04-30T23:40:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-04-30T17:40:15Z", "ms": 1020188415209.367 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:10 on Tue 30 Apr to 23:50 on Tue 30 Apr.", "fact": "2002-04-29T19:09:57Z → 2002-04-30T17:49:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:38 on the 29th and 23:40 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 563 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Tuesday 30 April. Caturthī runs from 01:10 on Tue 30 Apr to 23:50 on Tue 30 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-05-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 929, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-07T06:37:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-07T00:37:24Z", "ms": 1020731843804.3522 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-08T09:04:16+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-08T03:04:16Z", "ms": 1020827055584.64 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-07T06:37:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-07T00:37:24Z", "ms": 1020731843804.3522 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-08T09:04:16+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-08T03:04:16Z", "ms": 1020827055584.64 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-07T06:52:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-07T00:52:53Z", "ms": 1020732772915.3918 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-07T06:52:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-07T00:52:53Z", "ms": 1020732772915.3918 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-08T06:52:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-08T00:52:15Z", "ms": 1020819134910.6112 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-08T06:52:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-08T00:52:15Z", "ms": 1020819134910.6112 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:37 on Tue 7 May to 09:04 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "2002-05-07T00:37:24Z → 2002-05-08T03:04:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:53 on the 7th and 06:52 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 929 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Wednesday 8 May. Ekādaśī runs from 06:37 on Tue 7 May to 09:04 on Wed 8 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-05-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-09T11:25:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-09T05:25:18Z", "ms": 1020921918292.3162 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-10T13:32:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T07:32:28Z", "ms": 1021015947773.0736 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-09T11:25:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-09T05:25:18Z", "ms": 1020921918292.3162 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-10T13:32:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T07:32:28Z", "ms": 1021015947773.0736 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-09T20:05:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-09T14:05:25Z", "ms": 1020953125450.987 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-09T21:31:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-09T15:31:30Z", "ms": 1020958290332.3254 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-10T20:05:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T14:05:56Z", "ms": 1021039556061.6416 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-10T21:31:52+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T15:31:52Z", "ms": 1021044712219.356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:25 on Thu 9 May to 13:32 on Fri 10 May.", "fact": "2002-05-09T05:25:18Z → 2002-05-10T07:32:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:05–21:32 on the 9th, 20:06–21:32 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 86 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Thursday 9 May. Trayodaśī runs from 11:25 on Thu 9 May to 13:32 on Fri 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-05-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-05-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35039, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-10T13:32:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T07:32:28Z", "ms": 1021015947773.0736 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-11T15:20:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-11T09:20:11Z", "ms": 1021108810862.7294 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-10T13:32:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T07:32:28Z", "ms": 1021015947773.0736 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-11T15:20:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-11T09:20:11Z", "ms": 1021108810862.7294 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-11T01:04:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T19:04:12Z", "ms": 1021057451653.0703 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-11T01:52:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-10T19:52:12Z", "ms": 1021060331653.0703 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-12T01:04:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-11T19:04:10Z", "ms": 1021143850132.2837 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-12T01:52:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-11T19:52:10Z", "ms": 1021146730132.2837 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:32 on Fri 10 May to 15:20 on Sat 11 May.", "fact": "2002-05-10T07:32:28Z → 2002-05-11T09:20:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:04–01:52 on the 10th, 01:04–01:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35039 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Friday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Friday 10 May. Caturdaśī runs from 13:32 on Fri 10 May to 15:20 on Sat 11 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-05-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T18:20:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z", "ms": 1021378806182.6857 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T18:20:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z", "ms": 1021378806182.6857 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T20:07:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T14:07:59Z", "ms": 1021385279068.2667 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-14T21:33:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T15:33:22Z", "ms": 1021390401723.615 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-15T20:08:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T14:08:30Z", "ms": 1021471709862.1334 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T21:33:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T15:33:45Z", "ms": 1021476824509.9604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:20 on Tue 14 May to 18:29 on Wed 15 May.", "fact": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z → 2002-05-15T12:28:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:08–21:33 on the 14th, 20:08–21:34 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 85 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2002 falls on Tuesday 14 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:20 on Tue 14 May to 18:29 on Wed 15 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T18:20:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z", "ms": 1021378806182.6857 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T18:20:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z", "ms": 1021378806182.6857 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-14T06:48:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T00:48:49Z", "ms": 1021337329376.5126 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-14T11:15:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-14T05:15:13Z", "ms": 1021353312607.0973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 266, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-15T06:48:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T00:48:19Z", "ms": 1021423698983.3784 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T11:15:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T05:15:03Z", "ms": 1021439702609.6301 } }, "covered_min": 267, "window_min": 267, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:20 on Tue 14 May to 18:29 on Wed 15 May.", "fact": "2002-05-14T12:20:06Z → 2002-05-15T12:28:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:49–11:15 on the 14th, 06:48–11:15 on the 15th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 266 minutes on the 14th and 267 of 267 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 2002 falls on Wednesday 15 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:20 on Tue 14 May to 18:29 on Wed 15 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-05-16", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15521, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-16T18:11:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1021551065900.544 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-15T18:28:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z", "ms": 1021465728034.5334 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-16T18:11:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1021551065900.544 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-15T13:04:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T07:04:24Z", "ms": 1021446264422.7559 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-15T13:52:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-15T07:52:24Z", "ms": 1021449144422.7559 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-16T13:04:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T07:04:25Z", "ms": 1021532665175.2402 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-16T13:52:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T07:52:25Z", "ms": 1021535545175.2402 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:29 on Wed 15 May to 18:11 on Thu 16 May.", "fact": "2002-05-15T12:28:48Z → 2002-05-16T12:11:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 15th, 13:04–13:52 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15521 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Thursday 16 May. Caturthī runs from 18:29 on Wed 15 May to 18:11 on Thu 16 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12860, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-16T18:11:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1021551065900.544 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-17T17:26:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-17T11:26:47Z", "ms": 1021634806909.1359 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-16T18:11:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1021551065900.544 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-17T17:26:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-17T11:26:47Z", "ms": 1021634806909.1359 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-16T13:04:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T07:04:25Z", "ms": 1021532665175.2402 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-16T13:52:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-16T07:52:25Z", "ms": 1021535545175.2402 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-17T13:04:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-17T07:04:26Z", "ms": 1021619066472.6958 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-17T13:52:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-17T07:52:26Z", "ms": 1021621946472.6958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:11 on Thu 16 May to 17:27 on Fri 17 May.", "fact": "2002-05-16T12:11:06Z → 2002-05-17T11:26:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 16th, 13:04–13:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12860 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śaṅkara Jayantī 2002 falls on Friday 17 May. Pañcamī runs from 18:11 on Thu 16 May to 17:27 on Fri 17 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-18T16:15:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-18T10:15:59Z", "ms": 1021716958683.2777 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-19T14:39:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-19T08:39:28Z", "ms": 1021797567679.1902 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-18T16:15:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-18T10:15:59Z", "ms": 1021716958683.2777 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-19T14:39:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-19T08:39:28Z", "ms": 1021797567679.1902 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-18T13:04:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-18T07:04:28Z", "ms": 1021705468307.6624 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-18T13:52:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-18T07:52:28Z", "ms": 1021708348307.6624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-19T13:04:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-19T07:04:31Z", "ms": 1021791870672.6125 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-19T13:52:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-19T07:52:31Z", "ms": 1021794750672.6125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:16 on Sat 18 May to 14:39 on Sun 19 May.", "fact": "2002-05-18T10:15:59Z → 2002-05-19T08:39:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 18th, 13:05–13:53 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2002 falls on Sunday 19 May. Saptamī runs from 16:16 on Sat 18 May to 14:39 on Sun 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-05-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3213, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-22T07:38:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T01:38:51Z", "ms": 1022031530912.0396 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-22T07:38:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T01:38:51Z", "ms": 1022031530912.0396 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-22T06:45:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T00:45:18Z", "ms": 1022028318354.7009 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-22T06:45:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T00:45:18Z", "ms": 1022028318354.7009 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T06:44:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T00:44:57Z", "ms": 1022114697237.514 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T06:44:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T00:44:57Z", "ms": 1022114697237.514 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:39 on Wed 22 May to 04:49 on Thu 23 May.", "fact": "2002-05-22T01:38:51Z → 2002-05-22T22:48:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 22nd and 06:45 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3213 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Ekādaśī runs from 07:39 on Wed 22 May to 04:49 on Thu 23 May, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T13:04:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T07:04:45Z", "ms": 1022137485291.3883 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T13:52:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T07:52:45Z", "ms": 1022140365291.3883 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T13:04:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T07:04:50Z", "ms": 1022223890204.4783 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T13:52:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T07:52:50Z", "ms": 1022226770204.4783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 23 May to 01:54 on Fri 24 May.", "fact": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z → 2002-05-23T19:53:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 23rd, 13:05–13:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 23 May. Dvādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 23 May to 01:54 on Fri 24 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T04:48:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z", "ms": 1022107725418.3529 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T13:04:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T07:04:45Z", "ms": 1022137485291.3883 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T13:52:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T07:52:45Z", "ms": 1022140365291.3883 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T13:04:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T07:04:50Z", "ms": 1022223890204.4783 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T13:52:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T07:52:50Z", "ms": 1022226770204.4783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 23 May to 01:54 on Fri 24 May.", "fact": "2002-05-22T22:48:45Z → 2002-05-23T19:53:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 23rd, 13:05–13:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 23 May. Dvādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 23 May to 01:54 on Fri 24 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-05-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T23:00:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T17:00:18Z", "ms": 1022259618268.6785 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T01:53:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z", "ms": 1022183610144.222 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T23:00:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T17:00:18Z", "ms": 1022259618268.6785 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-23T20:12:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T14:12:33Z", "ms": 1022163153345.2626 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-23T21:36:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-23T15:36:50Z", "ms": 1022168209874.7246 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T20:13:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T14:13:03Z", "ms": 1022249583092.7292 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T21:37:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T15:37:13Z", "ms": 1022254633160.1646 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:54 on Fri 24 May to 23:00 on Fri 24 May.", "fact": "2002-05-23T19:53:30Z → 2002-05-24T17:00:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:13–21:37 on the 23rd, 20:13–21:37 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 23rd and 84 of 84 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Friday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Friday 24 May. Trayodaśī runs from 01:54 on Fri 24 May to 23:00 on Fri 24 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-05-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T23:00:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T17:00:18Z", "ms": 1022259618268.6785 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T23:00:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T17:00:18Z", "ms": 1022259618268.6785 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-24T20:13:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T14:13:03Z", "ms": 1022249583092.7292 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-24T21:37:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-24T15:37:13Z", "ms": 1022254633160.1646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:13:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:13:33Z", "ms": 1022336012620.4445 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-25T21:37:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T15:37:36Z", "ms": 1022341056416.5798 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:00 on Fri 24 May to 20:17 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "2002-05-24T17:00:18Z → 2002-05-25T14:16:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:13–21:37 on the 24th, 20:14–21:38 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 24th and 3 of 84 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 202 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2002 falls on Saturday 25 May. Caturdaśī runs from 23:00 on Fri 24 May to 20:17 on Sat 25 May and covers 3 of 84 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 3 min 22 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T17:51:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T11:51:15Z", "ms": 1022413875038.4471 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T17:51:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T11:51:15Z", "ms": 1022413875038.4471 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T13:04:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T07:04:56Z", "ms": 1022310295609.469 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-25T13:52:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T07:52:56Z", "ms": 1022313175609.469 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-26T13:05:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T07:05:02Z", "ms": 1022396701500.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T13:53:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": 1022399581500.4016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:17 on Sat 25 May to 17:51 on Sun 26 May.", "fact": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z → 2002-05-26T11:51:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 25th, 13:05–13:53 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Buddha Pūrṇimā 2002 falls on Sunday 26 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:17 on Sat 25 May to 17:51 on Sun 26 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T17:51:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T11:51:15Z", "ms": 1022413875038.4471 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T20:16:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z", "ms": 1022336214522.0867 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T17:51:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T11:51:15Z", "ms": 1022413875038.4471 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-25T13:04:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T07:04:56Z", "ms": 1022310295609.469 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-25T13:52:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-25T07:52:56Z", "ms": 1022313175609.469 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-26T13:05:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T07:05:02Z", "ms": 1022396701500.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-26T13:53:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": 1022399581500.4016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:17 on Sat 25 May to 17:51 on Sun 26 May.", "fact": "2002-05-25T14:16:55Z → 2002-05-26T11:51:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 25th, 13:05–13:53 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2002 falls on Sunday 26 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:17 on Sat 25 May to 17:51 on Sun 26 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-05-29", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35162, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-05-29T13:33:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-29T07:33:44Z", "ms": 1022657623563.359 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-30T13:25:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-30T07:25:51Z", "ms": 1022743551200.6387 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-05-29T13:33:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-29T07:33:44Z", "ms": 1022657623563.359 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-30T13:25:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-30T07:25:51Z", "ms": 1022743551200.6387 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-29T23:19:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-29T17:19:46Z", "ms": 1022692785516.7227 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-29T23:19:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-29T17:19:46Z", "ms": 1022692785516.7227 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-05-31T00:10:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-30T18:10:03Z", "ms": 1022782202963.9502 }, "end": { "local": "2002-05-31T00:10:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-05-30T18:10:03Z", "ms": 1022782202963.9502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:34 on Wed 29 May to 13:26 on Thu 30 May.", "fact": "2002-05-29T07:33:44Z → 2002-05-30T07:25:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:20 on the 29th and 00:10 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35162 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Wednesday 29 May. Caturthī runs from 13:34 on Wed 29 May to 13:26 on Thu 30 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-06-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16960, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-05T23:53:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-05T17:53:35Z", "ms": 1023299614649.2834 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-07T01:59:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-06T19:59:26Z", "ms": 1023393566435.5664 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-05T23:53:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-05T17:53:35Z", "ms": 1023299614649.2834 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-07T01:59:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-06T19:59:26Z", "ms": 1023393566435.5664 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-06T06:42:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-06T00:42:09Z", "ms": 1023324129374.1733 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-06T06:42:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-06T00:42:09Z", "ms": 1023324129374.1733 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-07T06:42:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T00:42:07Z", "ms": 1023410526521.605 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-07T06:42:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T00:42:07Z", "ms": 1023410526521.605 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:54 on Wed 5 Jun to 01:59 on Fri 7 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-05T17:53:35Z → 2002-06-06T19:59:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 6th and 06:42 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16960 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aparā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 6 June. Ekādaśī runs from 23:54 on Wed 5 Jun to 01:59 on Fri 7 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-06-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-06-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21591, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-08T03:42:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1023486138749.6237 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-09T04:56:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T22:56:01Z", "ms": 1023576961378.9512 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-08T03:42:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1023486138749.6237 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-09T04:56:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T22:56:01Z", "ms": 1023576961378.9512 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-07T20:19:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T14:19:26Z", "ms": 1023459566282.0188 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-07T21:42:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-07T15:42:27Z", "ms": 1023464547424.9507 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-08T20:19:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T14:19:50Z", "ms": 1023545990225.435 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-08T21:42:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T15:42:48Z", "ms": 1023550968109.7872 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:42 on Sat 8 Jun to 04:56 on Sun 9 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-07T21:42:19Z → 2002-06-08T22:56:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:19–21:42 on the 7th, 20:20–21:43 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 7th and 83 of 83 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21591 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 8 June. Trayodaśī runs from 03:42 on Sat 8 Jun to 04:56 on Sun 9 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-06-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-06-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10864, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-09T04:56:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T22:56:01Z", "ms": 1023576961378.9512 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-10T05:37:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-09T23:37:33Z", "ms": 1023665852618.6364 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-09T04:56:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T22:56:01Z", "ms": 1023576961378.9512 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-10T05:37:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-09T23:37:33Z", "ms": 1023665852618.6364 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-09T01:06:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T19:06:57Z", "ms": 1023563217291.7559 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-09T01:54:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-08T19:54:57Z", "ms": 1023566097291.7559 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-10T01:07:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-09T19:07:09Z", "ms": 1023649629285.3916 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-10T01:55:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-09T19:55:09Z", "ms": 1023652509285.3916 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:56 on Sun 9 Jun to 05:38 on Mon 10 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-08T22:56:01Z → 2002-06-09T23:37:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:07–01:55 on the 8th, 01:07–01:55 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10864 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Sunday 9 June. Caturdaśī runs from 04:56 on Sun 9 Jun to 05:38 on Mon 10 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30794, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-06-13T04:34:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-12T22:34:43Z", "ms": 1023921282983.6503 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-14T03:20:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T21:20:31Z", "ms": 1024003231490.8105 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-13T04:34:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-12T22:34:43Z", "ms": 1023921282983.6503 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-14T03:20:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T21:20:31Z", "ms": 1024003231490.8105 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-13T13:07:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T07:07:57Z", "ms": 1023952076897.2837 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-13T13:55:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T07:55:57Z", "ms": 1023954956897.2837 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-14T13:08:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T07:08:09Z", "ms": 1024038489322.3665 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-14T13:56:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T07:56:09Z", "ms": 1024041369322.3665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:35 on Thu 13 Jun to 03:21 on Fri 14 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-12T22:34:43Z → 2002-06-13T21:20:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 13th, 13:08–13:56 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30794 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2002 falls on Thursday 13 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:35 on Thu 13 Jun to 03:21 on Fri 14 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-06-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-14T03:20:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T21:20:31Z", "ms": 1024003231490.8105 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-15T01:45:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T19:45:57Z", "ms": 1024083956761.5559 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-14T03:20:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-13T21:20:31Z", "ms": 1024003231490.8105 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-15T01:45:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T19:45:57Z", "ms": 1024083956761.5559 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-14T13:08:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T07:08:09Z", "ms": 1024038489322.3665 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-14T13:56:09+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-14T07:56:09Z", "ms": 1024041369322.3665 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:08:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:08:22Z", "ms": 1024124901869.5981 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:56:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:56:22Z", "ms": 1024127781869.5981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:21 on Fri 14 Jun to 01:46 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-13T21:20:31Z → 2002-06-14T19:45:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 14th, 13:08–13:56 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Friday 14 June. Caturthī runs from 03:21 on Fri 14 Jun to 01:46 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T23:54:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z", "ms": 1024163693253.8856 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T21:51:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T15:51:06Z", "ms": 1024242665835.785 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T23:54:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z", "ms": 1024163693253.8856 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T21:51:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T15:51:06Z", "ms": 1024242665835.785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:08:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:08:22Z", "ms": 1024124901869.5981 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:56:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:56:22Z", "ms": 1024127781869.5981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-16T13:08:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T07:08:35Z", "ms": 1024211314512.5381 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T13:56:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T07:56:35Z", "ms": 1024214194512.5381 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:55 on Sat 15 Jun to 21:51 on Sun 16 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z → 2002-06-16T15:51:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 15th, 13:09–13:57 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2002 falls on Sunday 16 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:55 on Sat 15 Jun to 21:51 on Sun 16 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T23:54:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z", "ms": 1024163693253.8856 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T21:51:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T15:51:06Z", "ms": 1024242665835.785 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T23:54:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z", "ms": 1024163693253.8856 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T21:51:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T15:51:06Z", "ms": 1024242665835.785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:08:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:08:22Z", "ms": 1024124901869.5981 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-15T13:56:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-15T07:56:22Z", "ms": 1024127781869.5981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-16T13:08:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T07:08:35Z", "ms": 1024211314512.5381 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-16T13:56:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-16T07:56:35Z", "ms": 1024214194512.5381 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:55 on Sat 15 Jun to 21:51 on Sun 16 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-15T17:54:53Z → 2002-06-16T15:51:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 15th, 13:09–13:57 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Karachi, 2002: Sunday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2002 falls on Sunday 16 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:55 on Sat 15 Jun to 21:51 on Sun 16 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-06-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13215, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-20T12:38:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-20T06:38:30Z", "ms": 1024555110098.0568 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-21T10:23:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T04:23:38Z", "ms": 1024633417710.313 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-20T12:38:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-20T06:38:30Z", "ms": 1024555110098.0568 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-21T10:23:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T04:23:38Z", "ms": 1024633417710.313 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-20T06:43:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-20T00:43:11Z", "ms": 1024533791002.3759 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-20T06:43:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-20T00:43:11Z", "ms": 1024533791002.3759 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-21T06:43:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T00:43:23Z", "ms": 1024620203073.6522 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-21T06:43:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T00:43:23Z", "ms": 1024620203073.6522 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:39 on Thu 20 Jun to 10:24 on Fri 21 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-20T06:38:30Z → 2002-06-21T04:23:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:43 on the 20th and 06:43 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13215 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Friday 21 June. Ekādaśī runs from 12:39 on Thu 20 Jun to 10:24 on Fri 21 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9961, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-21T10:23:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T04:23:38Z", "ms": 1024633417710.313 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-22T08:17:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T02:17:54Z", "ms": 1024712273806.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-21T10:23:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T04:23:38Z", "ms": 1024633417710.313 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-22T08:17:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T02:17:54Z", "ms": 1024712273806.9429 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-21T13:09:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T07:09:38Z", "ms": 1024643378304.5208 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-21T13:57:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T07:57:38Z", "ms": 1024646258304.5208 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-22T13:09:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T07:09:51Z", "ms": 1024729791022.557 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-22T13:57:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T07:57:51Z", "ms": 1024732671022.557 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:24 on Fri 21 Jun to 08:18 on Sat 22 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-21T04:23:38Z → 2002-06-22T02:17:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 21st, 13:10–13:58 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9961 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Friday 21 June. Dvādaśī runs from 10:24 on Fri 21 Jun to 08:18 on Sat 22 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-06-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31147, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-22T08:17:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T02:17:54Z", "ms": 1024712273806.9429 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-23T06:25:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T00:25:51Z", "ms": 1024791950756.3442 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-22T08:17:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T02:17:54Z", "ms": 1024712273806.9429 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-23T06:25:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T00:25:51Z", "ms": 1024791950756.3442 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-21T20:23:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T14:23:54Z", "ms": 1024669433535.3892 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-21T21:46:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-21T15:46:31Z", "ms": 1024674391204.643 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-22T20:24:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T14:24:06Z", "ms": 1024755845990.3214 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-22T21:46:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-22T15:46:44Z", "ms": 1024760803848.246 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Sat 22 Jun to 06:26 on Sun 23 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-22T02:17:54Z → 2002-06-23T00:25:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:24–21:47 on the 21st, 20:24–21:47 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 21st and 83 of 83 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31147 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 22 June. Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Sat 22 Jun to 06:26 on Sun 23 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-06-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21315, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-06-24T04:52:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T22:52:20Z", "ms": 1024872740144.8647 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-25T03:42:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-24T21:42:21Z", "ms": 1024954941367.1207 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-24T04:52:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T22:52:20Z", "ms": 1024872740144.8647 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-25T03:42:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-24T21:42:21Z", "ms": 1024954941367.1207 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-23T20:24:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T14:24:17Z", "ms": 1024842257434.9373 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-23T21:46:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-23T15:46:56Z", "ms": 1024847215731.9358 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-24T20:24:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-24T14:24:28Z", "ms": 1024928667852.3663 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-24T21:47:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-24T15:47:07Z", "ms": 1024933626838.249 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Mon 24 Jun to 03:42 on Tue 25 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-23T22:52:20Z → 2002-06-24T21:42:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:24–21:47 on the 23rd, 20:24–21:47 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 23rd and 83 of 83 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21315 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 2002 falls on Monday 24 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:52 on Mon 24 Jun to 03:42 on Tue 25 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-06-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16176, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-06-28T03:17:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-27T21:17:01Z", "ms": 1025212620812.654 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-29T04:18:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-28T22:18:00Z", "ms": 1025302680127.9563 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-06-28T03:17:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-27T21:17:01Z", "ms": 1025212620812.654 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-29T04:18:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-28T22:18:00Z", "ms": 1025302680127.9563 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-27T22:47:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-27T16:47:25Z", "ms": 1025196444668.4568 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-27T22:47:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-27T16:47:25Z", "ms": 1025196444668.4568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-06-28T23:29:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-28T17:29:05Z", "ms": 1025285344548.3562 }, "end": { "local": "2002-06-28T23:29:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-06-28T17:29:05Z", "ms": 1025285344548.3562 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:17 on Fri 28 Jun to 04:18 on Sat 29 Jun.", "fact": "2002-06-27T21:17:01Z → 2002-06-28T22:18:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:47 on the 27th and 23:29 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16176 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Friday 28 June. Caturthī runs from 03:17 on Fri 28 Jun to 04:18 on Sat 29 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-07-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34987, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-05T16:30:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-05T10:30:45Z", "ms": 1025865044635.8306 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-06T17:48:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-06T11:48:18Z", "ms": 1025956097912.5802 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-05T16:30:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-05T10:30:45Z", "ms": 1025865044635.8306 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-06T17:48:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-06T11:48:18Z", "ms": 1025956097912.5802 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-05T06:47:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-05T00:47:37Z", "ms": 1025830057498.1323 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-05T06:47:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-05T00:47:37Z", "ms": 1025830057498.1323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-06T06:48:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-06T00:48:01Z", "ms": 1025916480790.6204 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-06T06:48:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-06T00:48:01Z", "ms": 1025916480790.6204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Fri 5 Jul to 17:48 on Sat 6 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-05T10:30:45Z → 2002-07-06T11:48:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 5th and 06:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34987 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Saturday 6 July. Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Fri 5 Jul to 17:48 on Sat 6 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-07-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7062, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-07T18:27:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-07T12:27:21Z", "ms": 1026044841134.4435 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-08T18:25:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T12:25:27Z", "ms": 1026131127010.5704 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-07T18:27:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-07T12:27:21Z", "ms": 1026044841134.4435 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-08T18:25:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T12:25:27Z", "ms": 1026131127010.5704 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-07T20:25:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-07T14:25:03Z", "ms": 1026051902842.7881 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-07T21:48:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-07T15:48:13Z", "ms": 1026056892989.744 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-08T20:24:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T14:24:57Z", "ms": 1026138297327.3025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-08T21:48:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T15:48:12Z", "ms": 1026143291516.0913 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:27 on Sun 7 Jul to 18:25 on Mon 8 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-07T12:27:21Z → 2002-07-08T12:25:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:25–21:48 on the 7th, 20:25–21:48 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 83 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7062 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Sunday 7 July. Trayodaśī runs from 18:27 on Sun 7 Jul to 18:25 on Mon 8 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-07-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-07-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-08T18:25:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T12:25:27Z", "ms": 1026131127010.5704 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-09T17:43:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-09T11:43:42Z", "ms": 1026215022191.0801 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-08T18:25:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T12:25:27Z", "ms": 1026131127010.5704 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-09T17:43:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-09T11:43:42Z", "ms": 1026215022191.0801 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-09T01:13:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T19:13:06Z", "ms": 1026155585535.2604 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-09T02:01:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-08T20:01:06Z", "ms": 1026158465535.2604 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-10T01:13:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-09T19:13:15Z", "ms": 1026241994779.1431 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-10T02:01:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-09T20:01:15Z", "ms": 1026244874779.1431 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:25 on Mon 8 Jul to 17:44 on Tue 9 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-08T12:25:27Z → 2002-07-09T11:43:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:13–02:01 on the 8th, 01:13–02:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Monday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Monday 8 July. Caturdaśī runs from 18:25 on Mon 8 Jul to 17:44 on Tue 9 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-07-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2217, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-11T14:38:16+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-11T08:38:16Z", "ms": 1026376696445.223 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-12T12:27:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-12T06:27:25Z", "ms": 1026455245264.1781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-11T14:38:16+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-11T08:38:16Z", "ms": 1026376696445.223 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-12T12:27:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-12T06:27:25Z", "ms": 1026455245264.1781 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-11T13:13:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-11T07:13:19Z", "ms": 1026371598982.5088 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-11T14:01:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-11T08:01:19Z", "ms": 1026374478982.5088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-12T13:13:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-12T07:13:27Z", "ms": 1026458006734.9899 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-12T14:01:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-12T08:01:27Z", "ms": 1026460886734.9899 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:38 on Thu 11 Jul to 12:27 on Fri 12 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-11T08:38:16Z → 2002-07-12T06:27:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:13–14:01 on the 11th, 13:13–14:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2217 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Karachi, 2002: Friday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rathayātrā 2002 falls on Friday 12 July. Dvitīyā runs from 14:38 on Thu 11 Jul to 12:27 on Fri 12 Jul, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-07-13", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11561, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-13T10:00:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-13T04:00:53Z", "ms": 1026532853077.053 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-14T07:25:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T01:25:58Z", "ms": 1026609958193.2892 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-13T10:00:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-13T04:00:53Z", "ms": 1026532853077.053 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-14T07:25:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T01:25:58Z", "ms": 1026609958193.2892 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-13T13:13:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-13T07:13:34Z", "ms": 1026544414020.9847 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-13T14:01:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-13T08:01:34Z", "ms": 1026547294020.9847 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-14T13:13:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T07:13:41Z", "ms": 1026630820821.0981 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-14T14:01:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T08:01:41Z", "ms": 1026633700821.0981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:01 on Sat 13 Jul to 07:26 on Sun 14 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-13T04:00:53Z → 2002-07-14T01:25:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:14–14:02 on the 13th, 13:14–14:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11561 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 13 July. Caturthī runs from 10:01 on Sat 13 Jul to 07:26 on Sun 14 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20863, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-14T07:25:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T01:25:58Z", "ms": 1026609958193.2892 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-15T04:49:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T22:49:26Z", "ms": 1026686966392.0077 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-14T07:25:58+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T01:25:58Z", "ms": 1026609958193.2892 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-15T04:49:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T22:49:26Z", "ms": 1026686966392.0077 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-14T13:13:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T07:13:41Z", "ms": 1026630820821.0981 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-14T14:01:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-14T08:01:41Z", "ms": 1026633700821.0981 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-15T13:13:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T07:13:47Z", "ms": 1026717227117.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-15T14:01:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T08:01:47Z", "ms": 1026720107117.6467 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:26 on Sun 14 Jul to 04:49 on Mon 15 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-14T01:25:58Z → 2002-07-14T22:49:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:14–14:02 on the 14th, 13:14–14:02 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20863 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Pañcamī 2002 falls on Sunday 14 July. Pañcamī runs from 07:26 on Sun 14 Jul to 04:49 on Mon 15 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-16T02:17:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T20:17:12Z", "ms": 1026764231648.2192 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-16T23:54:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-16T17:54:04Z", "ms": 1026842043714.9265 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-16T02:17:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T20:17:12Z", "ms": 1026764231648.2192 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-16T23:54:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-16T17:54:04Z", "ms": 1026842043714.9265 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-15T13:13:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T07:13:47Z", "ms": 1026717227117.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-15T14:01:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-15T08:01:47Z", "ms": 1026720107117.6467 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-16T13:13:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-16T07:13:53Z", "ms": 1026803632894.9463 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-16T14:01:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-16T08:01:53Z", "ms": 1026806512894.9463 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:17 on Tue 16 Jul to 23:54 on Tue 16 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-15T20:17:12Z → 2002-07-16T17:54:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:14–14:02 on the 15th, 13:14–14:02 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vivasvat Saptamī 2002 falls on Tuesday 16 July. Saptamī runs from 02:17 on Tue 16 Jul to 23:54 on Tue 16 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-07-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-19T18:11:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-19T12:11:05Z", "ms": 1027080665078.7681 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-20T16:51:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-20T10:51:50Z", "ms": 1027162310341.4664 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-19T18:11:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-19T12:11:05Z", "ms": 1027080665078.7681 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-20T16:51:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-20T10:51:50Z", "ms": 1027162310341.4664 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-19T06:53:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-19T00:53:40Z", "ms": 1027040020386.1417 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-19T06:53:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-19T00:53:40Z", "ms": 1027040020386.1417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-20T06:54:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-20T00:54:08Z", "ms": 1027126448258.3401 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-20T06:54:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-20T00:54:08Z", "ms": 1027126448258.3401 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:11 on Fri 19 Jul to 16:52 on Sat 20 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-19T12:11:05Z → 2002-07-20T10:51:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:54 on the 19th and 06:54 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Saturday 20 July. Ekādaśī runs from 18:11 on Fri 19 Jul to 16:52 on Sat 20 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-07-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16176, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-21T15:52:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-21T09:52:15Z", "ms": 1027245134751.8438 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-22T15:13:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-22T09:13:41Z", "ms": 1027329221411.1239 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-21T15:52:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-21T09:52:15Z", "ms": 1027245134751.8438 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-22T15:13:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-22T09:13:41Z", "ms": 1027329221411.1239 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-21T20:21:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-21T14:21:51Z", "ms": 1027261310924.1437 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-21T21:46:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-21T15:46:17Z", "ms": 1027266376712.7748 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-22T20:21:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-22T14:21:28Z", "ms": 1027347687721.4802 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-22T21:46:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-22T15:46:00Z", "ms": 1027352760359.6912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:52 on Sun 21 Jul to 15:14 on Mon 22 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-21T09:52:15Z → 2002-07-22T09:13:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:22–21:46 on the 21st, 20:21–21:46 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 85 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16176 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Sunday 21 July. Trayodaśī runs from 15:52 on Sun 21 Jul to 15:14 on Mon 22 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-07-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9162, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T17:39:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T11:39:57Z", "ms": 1027424397129.9663 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-23T20:21:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T14:21:03Z", "ms": 1027434063285.4424 } }, "covered_min": 161, "window_min": 161, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-24T17:39:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T11:39:42Z", "ms": 1027510782250.1616 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T20:20:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T14:20:38Z", "ms": 1027520437627.9275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 161, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z → 2002-07-24T09:07:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:40–20:21 on the 23rd, 17:40–20:21 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 161 of 161 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 161 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9162 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kokilā Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 23 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T20:21:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T14:21:03Z", "ms": 1027434063285.4424 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-23T21:45:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T15:45:43Z", "ms": 1027439142945.9298 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-24T20:20:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T14:20:38Z", "ms": 1027520437627.9275 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T21:45:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T15:45:24Z", "ms": 1027525524479.5577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z → 2002-07-24T09:07:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:21–21:46 on the 23rd, 20:21–21:45 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 85 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śiva Śayanotsava 2002 falls on Tuesday 23 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T06:55:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T00:55:33Z", "ms": 1027385732508.0619 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-23T09:36:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T03:36:39Z", "ms": 1027395398663.538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 161, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-24T06:56:01+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T00:56:01Z", "ms": 1027472160739.0983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T09:36:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T03:36:56Z", "ms": 1027481816116.8641 } }, "covered_min": 161, "window_min": 161, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z → 2002-07-24T09:07:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:56–09:37 on the 23rd, 06:56–09:37 on the 24th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 161 minutes on the 23rd and 161 of 161 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19277 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vyāsa Pūjā 2002 falls on Wednesday 24 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3338, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:57:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z", "ms": 1027414675664.1796 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T15:07:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T09:07:00Z", "ms": 1027501620186.945 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-23T13:14:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T07:14:18Z", "ms": 1027408457896.7522 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-23T14:02:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-23T08:02:18Z", "ms": 1027411337896.7522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-24T13:14:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T07:14:19Z", "ms": 1027494859183.513 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-24T14:02:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-24T08:02:19Z", "ms": 1027497739183.513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-23T08:57:56Z → 2002-07-24T09:07:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:14–14:02 on the 23rd, 13:14–14:02 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3338 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Guru Pūrṇimā 2002 falls on Wednesday 24 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:58 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:07 on Wed 24 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-07-25T15:42:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-25T09:42:53Z", "ms": 1027590173104.2684 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-26T16:46:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-26T10:46:49Z", "ms": 1027680409368.177 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-25T15:42:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-25T09:42:53Z", "ms": 1027590173104.2684 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-26T16:46:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-26T10:46:49Z", "ms": 1027680409368.177 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-25T21:24:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-25T15:24:26Z", "ms": 1027610666060.4983 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-25T21:24:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-25T15:24:26Z", "ms": 1027610666060.4983 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-26T22:03:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-26T16:03:15Z", "ms": 1027699394684.4014 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-26T22:03:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-26T16:03:15Z", "ms": 1027699394684.4014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 15:43 on Thu 25 Jul to 16:47 on Fri 26 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-25T09:42:53Z → 2002-07-26T10:46:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:24 on the 25th and 22:03 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Karachi, 2002: Thursday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2002 falls on Thursday 25 July. Dvitīyā runs from 15:43 on Thu 25 Jul to 16:47 on Fri 26 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-07-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-07-27T18:18:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-27T12:18:29Z", "ms": 1027772309210.0541 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-28T20:15:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-28T14:15:03Z", "ms": 1027865702608.6147 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-07-27T18:18:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-27T12:18:29Z", "ms": 1027772309210.0541 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-28T20:15:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-28T14:15:03Z", "ms": 1027865702608.6147 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-27T22:38:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-27T16:38:10Z", "ms": 1027787890050.1974 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-27T22:38:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-27T16:38:10Z", "ms": 1027787890050.1974 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-07-28T23:10:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-28T17:10:23Z", "ms": 1027876223061.9774 }, "end": { "local": "2002-07-28T23:10:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-07-28T17:10:23Z", "ms": 1027876223061.9774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:18 on Sat 27 Jul to 20:15 on Sun 28 Jul.", "fact": "2002-07-27T12:18:29Z → 2002-07-28T14:15:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:38 on the 27th and 23:10 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 27 July. Caturthī runs from 18:18 on Sat 27 Jul to 20:15 on Sun 28 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-08-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-04T07:51:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-04T01:51:39Z", "ms": 1028425899466.841 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-05T08:00:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T02:00:26Z", "ms": 1028512826280.0292 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-04T07:51:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-04T01:51:39Z", "ms": 1028425899466.841 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-05T08:00:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T02:00:26Z", "ms": 1028512826280.0292 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-04T07:01:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-04T01:01:11Z", "ms": 1028422870924.856 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-04T07:01:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-04T01:01:11Z", "ms": 1028422870924.856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-05T07:01:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T01:01:39Z", "ms": 1028509298720.6754 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-05T07:01:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T01:01:39Z", "ms": 1028509298720.6754 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:52 on Sun 4 Aug to 08:00 on Mon 5 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-04T01:51:39Z → 2002-08-05T02:00:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:01 on the 4th and 07:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 5 August. Ekādaśī runs from 07:52 on Sun 4 Aug to 08:00 on Mon 5 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-08-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-08-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-06T07:21:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T01:21:14Z", "ms": 1028596874233.0082 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-07T05:56:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T23:56:28Z", "ms": 1028678187639.8971 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-06T07:21:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T01:21:14Z", "ms": 1028596874233.0082 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-07T05:56:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T23:56:28Z", "ms": 1028678187639.8971 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-05T20:13:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T14:13:59Z", "ms": 1028556839335.3324 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-05T21:40:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-05T15:40:24Z", "ms": 1028562024276.0327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-06T20:13:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T14:13:19Z", "ms": 1028643199048.1753 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-06T21:39:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T15:39:53Z", "ms": 1028648393031.205 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:21 on Tue 6 Aug to 05:56 on Wed 7 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-06T01:21:14Z → 2002-08-06T23:56:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:14–21:40 on the 5th, 20:13–21:40 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 5th and 87 of 87 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 6 August. Trayodaśī runs from 07:21 on Tue 6 Aug to 05:56 on Wed 7 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-08-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-08-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6598, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-07T05:56:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T23:56:28Z", "ms": 1028678187639.8971 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-08T03:51:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-07T21:51:47Z", "ms": 1028757107383.2092 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-07T05:56:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T23:56:28Z", "ms": 1028678187639.8971 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-08T03:51:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-07T21:51:47Z", "ms": 1028757107383.2092 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-07T01:13:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T19:13:56Z", "ms": 1028661236484.5366 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-07T02:01:56+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-06T20:01:56Z", "ms": 1028664116484.5366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-08T01:13:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-07T19:13:50Z", "ms": 1028747629518.1572 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-08T02:01:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-07T20:01:50Z", "ms": 1028750509518.1572 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:56 on Wed 7 Aug to 03:52 on Thu 8 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-06T23:56:28Z → 2002-08-07T21:51:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:14–02:02 on the 6th, 01:14–02:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6598 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Wednesday 7 August. Caturdaśī runs from 05:56 on Wed 7 Aug to 03:52 on Thu 8 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6481, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-08-10T19:03:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-10T13:03:59Z", "ms": 1028984638542.4103 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-11T15:49:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T09:49:03Z", "ms": 1029059343259.4797 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-10T19:03:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-10T13:03:59Z", "ms": 1028984638542.4103 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-11T15:49:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T09:49:03Z", "ms": 1029059343259.4797 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-10T13:13:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-10T07:13:12Z", "ms": 1028963591676.3785 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-10T14:01:12+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-10T08:01:12Z", "ms": 1028966471676.3785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-11T13:13:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T07:13:02Z", "ms": 1029049982465.4636 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-11T14:01:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T08:01:02Z", "ms": 1029052862465.4636 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 19:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 15:49 on Sun 11 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-10T13:03:59Z → 2002-08-11T09:49:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:13–14:01 on the 10th, 13:13–14:01 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6481 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 2002 falls on Sunday 11 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 19:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 15:49 on Sun 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1949, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-12T12:40:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T06:40:24Z", "ms": 1029134423506.4694 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-13T09:46:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-13T03:46:07Z", "ms": 1029210366672.0983 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-12T12:40:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T06:40:24Z", "ms": 1029134423506.4694 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-13T09:46:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-13T03:46:07Z", "ms": 1029210366672.0983 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-12T13:12:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T07:12:53Z", "ms": 1029136372677.7487 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-12T14:00:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T08:00:53Z", "ms": 1029139252677.7487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-13T13:12:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-13T07:12:42Z", "ms": 1029222762317.3948 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-13T14:00:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-13T08:00:42Z", "ms": 1029225642317.3948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:40 on Mon 12 Aug to 09:46 on Tue 13 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-12T06:40:24Z → 2002-08-13T03:46:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:13–14:01 on the 12th, 13:13–14:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1949 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī 2002 falls on Monday 12 August. Pañcamī runs from 12:40 on Mon 12 Aug to 09:46 on Tue 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-08-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1949, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-11T15:49:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T09:49:03Z", "ms": 1029059343259.4797 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-12T12:40:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T06:40:24Z", "ms": 1029134423506.4694 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-11T15:49:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T09:49:03Z", "ms": 1029059343259.4797 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-12T12:40:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T06:40:24Z", "ms": 1029134423506.4694 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-11T13:13:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T07:13:02Z", "ms": 1029049982465.4636 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-11T14:01:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-11T08:01:02Z", "ms": 1029052862465.4636 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-12T13:12:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T07:12:53Z", "ms": 1029136372677.7487 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-12T14:00:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-12T08:00:53Z", "ms": 1029139252677.7487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:49 on Sun 11 Aug to 12:40 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-11T09:49:03Z → 2002-08-12T06:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:13–14:01 on the 11th, 13:13–14:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1949 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Monday 12 August. Caturthī runs from 15:49 on Sun 11 Aug to 12:40 on Mon 12 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-08-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-18T01:36:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-17T19:36:41Z", "ms": 1029613000750.8091 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-19T01:23:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T19:23:22Z", "ms": 1029698601962.9952 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-18T01:36:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-17T19:36:41Z", "ms": 1029613000750.8091 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-19T01:23:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T19:23:22Z", "ms": 1029698601962.9952 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-18T07:07:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T01:07:24Z", "ms": 1029632844111.8943 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-18T07:07:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T01:07:24Z", "ms": 1029632844111.8943 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-19T07:07:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T01:07:49Z", "ms": 1029719269161.318 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-19T07:07:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T01:07:49Z", "ms": 1029719269161.318 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:37 on Sun 18 Aug to 01:23 on Mon 19 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-17T19:36:41Z → 2002-08-18T19:23:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 18th and 07:08 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Sunday 18 August. Ekādaśī runs from 01:37 on Sun 18 Aug to 01:23 on Mon 19 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-19T01:23:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T19:23:22Z", "ms": 1029698601962.9952 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-20T01:35:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T19:35:19Z", "ms": 1029785719401.7734 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-19T01:23:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T19:23:22Z", "ms": 1029698601962.9952 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-20T01:35:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T19:35:19Z", "ms": 1029785719401.7734 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-18T13:11:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T07:11:42Z", "ms": 1029654702198.7058 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-18T13:59:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-18T07:59:42Z", "ms": 1029657582198.7058 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-19T13:11:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T07:11:29Z", "ms": 1029741088588.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-19T13:59:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T07:59:29Z", "ms": 1029743968588.2249 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:23 on Mon 19 Aug to 01:35 on Tue 20 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-18T19:23:22Z → 2002-08-19T19:35:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:12–14:00 on the 18th, 13:11–13:59 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 41020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 19 August. Dvādaśī runs from 01:23 on Mon 19 Aug to 01:35 on Tue 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-08-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14611, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-20T01:35:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T19:35:19Z", "ms": 1029785719401.7734 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-21T02:10:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-20T20:10:55Z", "ms": 1029874254999.2201 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-20T01:35:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T19:35:19Z", "ms": 1029785719401.7734 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-21T02:10:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-20T20:10:55Z", "ms": 1029874254999.2201 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-19T20:03:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T14:03:08Z", "ms": 1029765788015.1317 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-19T21:31:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-19T15:31:49Z", "ms": 1029771108811.1769 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-20T20:02:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-20T14:02:15Z", "ms": 1029852134974.8472 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-20T21:31:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-20T15:31:06Z", "ms": 1029857466123.411 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:35 on Tue 20 Aug to 02:11 on Wed 21 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-19T19:35:19Z → 2002-08-20T20:10:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:03–21:32 on the 19th, 20:02–21:31 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 19th and 89 of 89 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14611 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 20 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:35 on Tue 20 Aug to 02:11 on Wed 21 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-08-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T03:09:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-21T21:09:05Z", "ms": 1029964145269.2114 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T04:29:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T22:29:15Z", "ms": 1030055354887.8727 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T15:46:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T09:46:27Z", "ms": 1030009586952.0736 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T04:29:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T22:29:15Z", "ms": 1030055354887.8727 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T07:09:03+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T01:09:03Z", "ms": 1029978542977.9492 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T07:09:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T01:09:27Z", "ms": 1030064967158.8048 } }, "covered_min": 763, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-23T07:09:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T01:09:27Z", "ms": 1030064967158.8048 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-24T07:09:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-24T01:09:51Z", "ms": 1030151391139.0691 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:09 on Thu 22 Aug to 04:29 on Fri 23 Aug. Its second half begins at 15:46 on Thu 22 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-21T21:09:05Z → 2002-08-22T22:29:15Z · second half from 2002-08-22T09:46:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 07:09 on the 22nd, and from 07:09 on the 23rd.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 763 of 1440 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 1440 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2002 falls on Thursday 22 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 15:46 on Thu 22 Aug to 04:29 on Fri 23 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T03:09:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-21T21:09:05Z", "ms": 1029964145269.2114 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T04:29:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T22:29:15Z", "ms": 1030055354887.8727 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T03:09:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-21T21:09:05Z", "ms": 1029964145269.2114 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T04:29:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T22:29:15Z", "ms": 1030055354887.8727 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-22T13:10:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T07:10:45Z", "ms": 1030000244832.8696 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-22T13:58:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-22T07:58:45Z", "ms": 1030003124832.8696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-23T13:10:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T07:10:29Z", "ms": 1030086629325.8579 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T13:58:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T07:58:29Z", "ms": 1030089509325.8579 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:09 on Thu 22 Aug to 04:29 on Fri 23 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-21T21:09:05Z → 2002-08-22T22:29:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 22nd, 13:10–13:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2002 falls on Thursday 22 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:09 on Thu 22 Aug to 04:29 on Fri 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34390, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-08-24T06:10:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-24T00:10:46Z", "ms": 1030147846198.8112 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-25T08:12:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T02:12:10Z", "ms": 1030241529752.9069 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-24T06:10:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-24T00:10:46Z", "ms": 1030147846198.8112 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-25T08:12:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T02:12:10Z", "ms": 1030241529752.9069 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-23T20:37:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T14:37:36Z", "ms": 1030113456366.5485 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-23T20:37:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-23T14:37:36Z", "ms": 1030113456366.5485 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-24T21:10:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-24T15:10:32Z", "ms": 1030201832275.9349 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-24T21:10:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-24T15:10:32Z", "ms": 1030201832275.9349 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 06:11 on Sat 24 Aug to 08:12 on Sun 25 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-24T00:10:46Z → 2002-08-25T02:12:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:38 on the 23rd and 21:11 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34390 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 24 August. Dvitīyā runs from 06:11 on Sat 24 Aug to 08:12 on Sun 25 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9574, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-08-25T08:12:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T02:12:10Z", "ms": 1030241529752.9069 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-25T08:12:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T02:12:10Z", "ms": 1030241529752.9069 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-25T13:09:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T07:09:57Z", "ms": 1030259397028.5122 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-25T13:57:57+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-25T07:57:57Z", "ms": 1030262277028.5122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T13:09:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T07:09:40Z", "ms": 1030345780272.2307 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-26T13:57:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T07:57:40Z", "ms": 1030348660272.2307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:12 on Sun 25 Aug to 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-25T02:12:10Z → 2002-08-26T04:30:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 25th, 13:10–13:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9574 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2002 falls on Sunday 25 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:12 on Sun 25 Aug to 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15851, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T12:58:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T06:58:37Z", "ms": 1030431516770.926 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T12:58:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T06:58:37Z", "ms": 1030431516770.926 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T17:23:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T11:23:29Z", "ms": 1030361009317.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-26T19:56:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T13:56:42Z", "ms": 1030370202014.4048 } }, "covered_min": 153, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-27T17:22:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T11:22:48Z", "ms": 1030447367839.3707 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T19:55:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T13:55:44Z", "ms": 1030456544309.7738 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug to 12:59 on Tue 27 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z → 2002-08-27T06:58:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:23–19:57 on the 26th, 17:23–19:56 on the 27th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 153 of 153 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 153 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15851 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bahulā Caturthī 2002 falls on Monday 26 August. Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug to 12:59 on Tue 27 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-08-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35017, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T12:58:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T06:58:37Z", "ms": 1030431516770.926 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T10:30:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z", "ms": 1030336206364.1124 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T12:58:37+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T06:58:37Z", "ms": 1030431516770.926 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-26T22:11:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T16:11:47Z", "ms": 1030378306584.454 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-26T22:11:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-26T16:11:47Z", "ms": 1030378306584.454 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-27T22:42:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T16:42:13Z", "ms": 1030466533393.433 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-27T22:42:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-27T16:42:13Z", "ms": 1030466533393.433 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug to 12:59 on Tue 27 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-26T04:30:06Z → 2002-08-27T06:58:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:12 on the 26th and 22:42 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35017 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Monday 26 August. Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Mon 26 Aug to 12:59 on Tue 27 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-08-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-28T15:28:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-28T09:28:39Z", "ms": 1030526919367.2694 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-29T17:48:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T11:48:35Z", "ms": 1030621715011.701 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-28T15:28:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-28T09:28:39Z", "ms": 1030526919367.2694 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-29T17:48:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T11:48:35Z", "ms": 1030621715011.701 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-28T13:09:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-28T07:09:06Z", "ms": 1030518545630.3442 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-28T13:57:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-28T07:57:06Z", "ms": 1030521425630.3442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-29T13:08:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T07:08:48Z", "ms": 1030604927779.1874 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-29T13:56:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T07:56:48Z", "ms": 1030607807779.1874 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 15:29 on Wed 28 Aug to 17:49 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-28T09:28:39Z → 2002-08-29T11:48:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 28th, 13:09–13:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2002 falls on Thursday 29 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 15:29 on Wed 28 Aug to 17:49 on Thu 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14491, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-30T19:45:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T13:45:26Z", "ms": 1030715125581.0054 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-31T21:06:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-31T15:06:51Z", "ms": 1030806410982.1825 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-30T19:45:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T13:45:26Z", "ms": 1030715125581.0054 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-31T21:06:51+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-31T15:06:51Z", "ms": 1030806410982.1825 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-31T01:08:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T19:08:41Z", "ms": 1030734521004.6178 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-31T01:56:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T19:56:41Z", "ms": 1030737401004.6178 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-01T01:08:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-31T19:08:22Z", "ms": 1030820902443.9208 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-01T01:56:22+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-31T19:56:22Z", "ms": 1030823782443.9208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:45 on Fri 30 Aug to 21:07 on Sat 31 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-30T13:45:26Z → 2002-08-31T15:06:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:09–01:57 on the 30th, 01:08–01:56 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14491 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Janmāṣṭamī 2002 falls on Friday 30 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:45 on Fri 30 Aug to 21:07 on Sat 31 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-08-29T17:48:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T11:48:35Z", "ms": 1030621715011.701 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-30T19:45:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T13:45:26Z", "ms": 1030715125581.0054 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-08-29T17:48:35+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T11:48:35Z", "ms": 1030621715011.701 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-30T19:45:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T13:45:26Z", "ms": 1030715125581.0054 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-29T13:08:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T07:08:48Z", "ms": 1030604927779.1874 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-29T13:56:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-29T07:56:48Z", "ms": 1030607807779.1874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-08-30T13:08:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T07:08:30Z", "ms": 1030691309597.4678 }, "end": { "local": "2002-08-30T13:56:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-08-30T07:56:30Z", "ms": 1030694189597.4678 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:49 on Thu 29 Aug to 19:45 on Fri 30 Aug.", "fact": "2002-08-29T11:48:35Z → 2002-08-30T13:45:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 29th, 13:08–13:56 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalā Saptamī 2002 falls on Friday 30 August. Saptamī runs from 17:49 on Thu 29 Aug to 19:45 on Fri 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-09-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35097, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-02T21:28:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-02T15:28:44Z", "ms": 1030980524328.0393 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-03T20:22:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-03T14:22:34Z", "ms": 1031062953909.7703 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-02T21:28:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-02T15:28:44Z", "ms": 1030980524328.0393 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-03T20:22:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-03T14:22:34Z", "ms": 1031062953909.7703 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-03T07:13:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-03T01:13:42Z", "ms": 1031015621781.9078 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-03T07:13:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-03T01:13:42Z", "ms": 1031015621781.9078 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-04T07:14:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T01:14:04Z", "ms": 1031102044122.5074 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-04T07:14:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T01:14:04Z", "ms": 1031102044122.5074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:29 on Mon 2 Sep to 20:23 on Tue 3 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-02T15:28:44Z → 2002-09-03T14:22:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 3rd and 07:14 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35097 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ajā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Tuesday 3 September. Ekādaśī runs from 21:29 on Mon 2 Sep to 20:23 on Tue 3 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-09-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-09-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4792, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-04T18:27:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T12:27:53Z", "ms": 1031142472965.9255 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-04T18:27:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T12:27:53Z", "ms": 1031142472965.9255 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-04T19:47:45+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T13:47:45Z", "ms": 1031147264515.6206 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-04T21:19:18+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-04T15:19:18Z", "ms": 1031152758095.3224 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T19:46:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T13:46:43Z", "ms": 1031233602638.7704 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-05T21:18:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T15:18:27Z", "ms": 1031239107421.6929 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:28 on Wed 4 Sep to 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-04T12:27:53Z → 2002-09-05T09:51:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:48–21:19 on the 4th, 19:47–21:18 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 92 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4792 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Wednesday 4 September. Trayodaśī runs from 18:28 on Wed 4 Sep to 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-09-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14122, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T12:42:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T06:42:00Z", "ms": 1031294519676.6761 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T12:42:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T06:42:00Z", "ms": 1031294519676.6761 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T19:46:43+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T13:46:43Z", "ms": 1031233602638.7704 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-05T21:18:27+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T15:18:27Z", "ms": 1031239107421.6929 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-06T19:45:40+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T13:45:40Z", "ms": 1031319940415.8231 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T21:17:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T15:17:36Z", "ms": 1031325456436.3751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep to 12:42 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z → 2002-09-06T06:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:47–21:18 on the 5th, 19:46–21:18 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 92 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aghora Caturdaśī 2002 falls on Thursday 5 September. Caturdaśī runs from 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep to 12:42 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-09-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33325, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T12:42:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T06:42:00Z", "ms": 1031294519676.6761 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-05T15:51:21+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z", "ms": 1031219480725.7548 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T12:42:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T06:42:00Z", "ms": 1031294519676.6761 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-06T01:06:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T19:06:46Z", "ms": 1031252805574.7297 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-06T01:54:46+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-05T19:54:46Z", "ms": 1031255685574.7297 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-07T01:06:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T19:06:25Z", "ms": 1031339185492.8932 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-07T01:54:25+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-06T19:54:25Z", "ms": 1031342065492.8932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep to 12:42 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-05T09:51:21Z → 2002-09-06T06:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:07–01:55 on the 5th, 01:06–01:54 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33325 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Thursday 5 September. Caturdaśī runs from 15:51 on Thu 5 Sep to 12:42 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-09-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-09-07T09:10:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T03:10:19Z", "ms": 1031368218643.423 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-08T05:27:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T23:27:26Z", "ms": 1031441245940.504 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-07T09:10:19+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T03:10:19Z", "ms": 1031368218643.423 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-08T05:27:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T23:27:26Z", "ms": 1031441245940.504 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-07T13:05:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T07:05:54Z", "ms": 1031382354218.9585 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-07T13:53:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-07T07:53:54Z", "ms": 1031385234218.9585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-08T13:05:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T07:05:34Z", "ms": 1031468733781.3752 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-08T13:53:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T07:53:34Z", "ms": 1031471613781.3752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 09:10 on Sat 7 Sep to 05:27 on Sun 8 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-07T03:10:19Z → 2002-09-07T23:27:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 7th, 13:06–13:54 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rudra Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 7 September. Pratipadā runs from 09:10 on Sat 7 Sep to 05:27 on Sun 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T01:44:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T19:44:32Z", "ms": 1031514271937.2338 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-09T22:12:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T16:12:17Z", "ms": 1031587937375.3541 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T01:44:32+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T19:44:32Z", "ms": 1031514271937.2338 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-09T22:12:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T16:12:17Z", "ms": 1031587937375.3541 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-08T13:05:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T07:05:34Z", "ms": 1031468733781.3752 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-08T13:53:34+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-08T07:53:34Z", "ms": 1031471613781.3752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T13:05:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T07:05:13Z", "ms": 1031555113164.0153 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-09T13:53:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T07:53:13Z", "ms": 1031557993164.0153 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Mon 9 Sep to 22:12 on Mon 9 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-08T19:44:32Z → 2002-09-09T16:12:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 8th, 13:05–13:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2002 falls on Monday 9 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:45 on Mon 9 Sep to 22:12 on Mon 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T22:12:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T16:12:17Z", "ms": 1031587937375.3541 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-10T19:00:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T13:00:23Z", "ms": 1031662823479.215 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T22:12:17+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T16:12:17Z", "ms": 1031587937375.3541 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-10T19:00:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T13:00:23Z", "ms": 1031662823479.215 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-09T13:05:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T07:05:13Z", "ms": 1031555113164.0153 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-09T13:53:13+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-09T07:53:13Z", "ms": 1031557993164.0153 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-10T13:04:52+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T07:04:52Z", "ms": 1031641492381.4526 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-10T13:52:52+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T07:52:52Z", "ms": 1031644372381.4526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:12 on Mon 9 Sep to 19:00 on Tue 10 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-09T16:12:17Z → 2002-09-10T13:00:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 9th, 13:05–13:53 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2002 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Caturthī runs from 22:12 on Mon 9 Sep to 19:00 on Tue 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-10T19:00:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T13:00:23Z", "ms": 1031662823479.215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-11T16:17:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T10:17:02Z", "ms": 1031739421560.0795 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-10T19:00:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T13:00:23Z", "ms": 1031662823479.215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-11T16:17:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T10:17:02Z", "ms": 1031739421560.0795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-10T13:04:52+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T07:04:52Z", "ms": 1031641492381.4526 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-10T13:52:52+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-10T07:52:52Z", "ms": 1031644372381.4526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-11T13:04:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T07:04:31Z", "ms": 1031727871448.4329 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-11T13:52:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T07:52:31Z", "ms": 1031730751448.4329 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:00 on Tue 10 Sep to 16:17 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-10T13:00:23Z → 2002-09-11T10:17:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 10th, 13:05–13:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 8670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2002 falls on Wednesday 11 September. Pañcamī runs from 19:00 on Tue 10 Sep to 16:17 on Wed 11 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-11T16:17:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T10:17:02Z", "ms": 1031739421560.0795 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-12T14:08:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T08:08:23Z", "ms": 1031818102910.368 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-11T16:17:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T10:17:02Z", "ms": 1031739421560.0795 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-12T14:08:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T08:08:23Z", "ms": 1031818102910.368 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-11T13:04:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T07:04:31Z", "ms": 1031727871448.4329 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-11T13:52:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-11T07:52:31Z", "ms": 1031730751448.4329 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-12T13:04:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T07:04:10Z", "ms": 1031814250382.5339 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-12T13:52:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T07:52:10Z", "ms": 1031817130382.5339 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:17 on Wed 11 Sep to 14:08 on Thu 12 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-11T10:17:02Z → 2002-09-12T08:08:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 11th, 13:04–13:52 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Karachi, 2002: Thursday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2002 falls on Thursday 12 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:17 on Wed 11 Sep to 14:08 on Thu 12 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-12T14:08:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T08:08:23Z", "ms": 1031818102910.368 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-13T12:38:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T06:38:14Z", "ms": 1031899093595.4244 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-12T14:08:23+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T08:08:23Z", "ms": 1031818102910.368 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-13T12:38:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T06:38:14Z", "ms": 1031899093595.4244 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-12T13:04:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T07:04:10Z", "ms": 1031814250382.5339 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-12T13:52:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-12T07:52:10Z", "ms": 1031817130382.5339 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-13T13:03:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T07:03:49Z", "ms": 1031900629201.6459 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-13T13:51:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T07:51:49Z", "ms": 1031903509201.6459 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 12:38 on Fri 13 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-12T08:08:23Z → 2002-09-13T06:38:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 12th, 13:04–13:52 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2002 falls on Friday 13 September. Saptamī runs from 14:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 12:38 on Fri 13 Sep, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-13T12:38:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T06:38:14Z", "ms": 1031899093595.4244 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-14T11:47:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-14T05:47:42Z", "ms": 1031982461808.7708 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-13T12:38:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T06:38:14Z", "ms": 1031899093595.4244 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-14T11:47:42+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-14T05:47:42Z", "ms": 1031982461808.7708 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-13T13:03:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T07:03:49Z", "ms": 1031900629201.6459 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-13T13:51:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-13T07:51:49Z", "ms": 1031903509201.6459 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-14T13:03:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-14T07:03:28Z", "ms": 1031987007925.0942 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-14T13:51:28+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-14T07:51:28Z", "ms": 1031989887925.0942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:38 on Fri 13 Sep to 11:48 on Sat 14 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-13T06:38:14Z → 2002-09-14T05:47:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 13th, 13:03–13:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rādhāṣṭamī 2002 falls on Friday 13 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:38 on Fri 13 Sep to 11:48 on Sat 14 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-09-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-16T11:58:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-16T05:58:04Z", "ms": 1032155883706.6539 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-17T12:51:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T06:51:05Z", "ms": 1032245465413.0844 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-16T11:58:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-16T05:58:04Z", "ms": 1032155883706.6539 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-17T12:51:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T06:51:05Z", "ms": 1032245465413.0844 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-16T07:18:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-16T01:18:26Z", "ms": 1032139106307.4536 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-16T07:18:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-16T01:18:26Z", "ms": 1032139106307.4536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-17T07:18:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T01:18:48Z", "ms": 1032225527939.3348 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-17T07:18:48+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T01:18:48Z", "ms": 1032225527939.3348 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:58 on Mon 16 Sep to 12:51 on Tue 17 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-16T05:58:04Z → 2002-09-17T06:51:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 16th and 07:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Tuesday 17 September. Ekādaśī runs from 11:58 on Mon 16 Sep to 12:51 on Tue 17 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-17T12:51:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T06:51:05Z", "ms": 1032245465413.0844 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-18T14:09:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1032336583849.8619 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-17T12:51:05+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T06:51:05Z", "ms": 1032245465413.0844 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-18T14:09:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1032336583849.8619 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-17T13:02:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T07:02:24Z", "ms": 1032246143728.8198 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-17T13:50:24+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-17T07:50:24Z", "ms": 1032249023728.8198 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-18T13:02:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T07:02:02Z", "ms": 1032332522280.4835 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-18T13:50:02+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T07:50:02Z", "ms": 1032335402280.4835 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:51 on Tue 17 Sep to 14:10 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-17T06:51:05Z → 2002-09-18T08:09:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 17th, 13:02–13:50 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vāmana Jayantī 2002 falls on Tuesday 17 September. Dvādaśī runs from 12:51 on Tue 17 Sep to 14:10 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-09-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13332, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-18T14:09:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1032336583849.8619 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-19T15:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T09:49:38Z", "ms": 1032428978204.952 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-18T14:09:44+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1032336583849.8619 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-19T15:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T09:49:38Z", "ms": 1032428978204.952 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-18T19:32:55+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T13:32:55Z", "ms": 1032355974960.6954 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-18T21:07:08+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-18T15:07:08Z", "ms": 1032361627806.9092 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-19T19:31:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T13:31:50Z", "ms": 1032442310382.5308 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-19T21:06:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T15:06:15Z", "ms": 1032447974741.9194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:10 on Wed 18 Sep to 15:50 on Thu 19 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-18T08:09:44Z → 2002-09-19T09:49:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:33–21:07 on the 18th, 19:32–21:06 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 94 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13332 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Wednesday 18 September. Trayodaśī runs from 14:10 on Wed 18 Sep to 15:50 on Thu 19 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-09-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21819, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-19T15:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T09:49:38Z", "ms": 1032428978204.952 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-20T17:47:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-20T11:47:11Z", "ms": 1032522430901.5139 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-19T15:49:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T09:49:38Z", "ms": 1032428978204.952 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-20T17:47:11+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-20T11:47:11Z", "ms": 1032522430901.5139 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-19T07:19:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T01:19:31Z", "ms": 1032398371307.2987 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-19T09:45:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-19T03:45:59Z", "ms": 1032407159122.3451 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-20T07:19:53+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-20T01:19:53Z", "ms": 1032484793077.9456 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-20T09:46:04+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-20T03:46:04Z", "ms": 1032493563624.825 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:50 on Thu 19 Sep to 17:47 on Fri 20 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-19T09:49:38Z → 2002-09-20T11:47:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:20–09:46 on the 19th, 07:20–09:46 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 146 minutes on the 19th and 146 of 146 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21819 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ananta Caturdaśī 2002 falls on Friday 20 September. Caturdaśī runs from 15:50 on Thu 19 Sep to 17:47 on Fri 20 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-09-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22241, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-25T03:25:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-24T21:25:31Z", "ms": 1032902730642.346 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-26T05:51:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-25T23:51:10Z", "ms": 1032997869838.3081 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-25T03:25:31+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-24T21:25:31Z", "ms": 1032902730642.346 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-26T05:51:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-25T23:51:10Z", "ms": 1032997869838.3081 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-24T21:14:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-24T15:14:50Z", "ms": 1032880489838.475 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-24T21:14:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-24T15:14:50Z", "ms": 1032880489838.475 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-25T21:47:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-25T15:47:54Z", "ms": 1032968874481.8918 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-25T21:47:54+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-25T15:47:54Z", "ms": 1032968874481.8918 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:26 on Wed 25 Sep to 05:51 on Thu 26 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-24T21:25:31Z → 2002-09-25T23:51:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:15 on the 24th and 21:48 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22241 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Wednesday 25 September. Caturthī runs from 03:26 on Wed 25 Sep to 05:51 on Thu 26 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-27T08:00:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-27T02:00:29Z", "ms": 1033092028561.8228 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-28T09:42:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-28T03:42:36Z", "ms": 1033184556189.1058 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-27T08:00:29+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-27T02:00:29Z", "ms": 1033092028561.8228 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-28T09:42:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-28T03:42:36Z", "ms": 1033184556189.1058 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-26T22:24:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-26T16:24:06Z", "ms": 1033057446327.4579 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-26T22:24:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-26T16:24:06Z", "ms": 1033057446327.4579 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-27T23:04:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-27T17:04:33Z", "ms": 1033146273239.1708 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-27T23:04:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-27T17:04:33Z", "ms": 1033146273239.1708 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:00 on Fri 27 Sep to 09:43 on Sat 28 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-27T02:00:29Z → 2002-09-28T03:42:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:24 on the 26th and 23:05 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2002 falls on Friday 27 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:00 on Fri 27 Sep to 09:43 on Sat 28 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-29T10:47:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z", "ms": 1033274834981.6637 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T11:06:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T05:06:20Z", "ms": 1033362380282.7283 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-29T10:47:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z", "ms": 1033274834981.6637 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T11:06:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T05:06:20Z", "ms": 1033362380282.7283 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-29T19:21:10+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T13:21:10Z", "ms": 1033305669737.2411 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-29T20:57:30+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T14:57:30Z", "ms": 1033311449534.3755 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-30T19:20:07+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T13:20:07Z", "ms": 1033392006807.0825 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T20:56:38+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T14:56:38Z", "ms": 1033397798146.0785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:47 on Sun 29 Sep to 11:06 on Mon 30 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z → 2002-09-30T05:06:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:21–20:57 on the 29th, 19:20–20:57 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 97 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2002 falls on Sunday 29 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:47 on Sun 29 Sep to 11:06 on Mon 30 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37473, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-09-29T10:47:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z", "ms": 1033274834981.6637 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T11:06:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T05:06:20Z", "ms": 1033362380282.7283 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-09-29T10:47:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z", "ms": 1033274834981.6637 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T11:06:20+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-30T05:06:20Z", "ms": 1033362380282.7283 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-28T23:50:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-28T17:50:15Z", "ms": 1033235415174.3824 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-28T23:50:15+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-28T17:50:15Z", "ms": 1033235415174.3824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-09-30T00:41:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T18:41:47Z", "ms": 1033324907215.8175 }, "end": { "local": "2002-09-30T00:41:47+06:00", "utc": "2002-09-29T18:41:47Z", "ms": 1033324907215.8175 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:47 on Sun 29 Sep to 11:06 on Mon 30 Sep.", "fact": "2002-09-29T04:47:15Z → 2002-09-30T05:06:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:50 on the 28th and 00:42 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37473 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2002 falls on Sunday 29 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:47 on Sun 29 Sep to 11:06 on Mon 30 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-10-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-02T09:13:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-02T03:13:36Z", "ms": 1033528416212.7927 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-03T07:04:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T01:04:39Z", "ms": 1033607078546.9688 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-02T09:13:36+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-02T03:13:36Z", "ms": 1033528416212.7927 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-03T07:04:39+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T01:04:39Z", "ms": 1033607078546.9688 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-02T07:24:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-02T01:24:26Z", "ms": 1033521865748.6743 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-02T07:24:26+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-02T01:24:26Z", "ms": 1033521865748.6743 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-03T07:24:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T01:24:50Z", "ms": 1033608289925.1422 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-03T07:24:50+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T01:24:50Z", "ms": 1033608289925.1422 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:14 on Wed 2 Oct to 07:05 on Thu 3 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-02T03:13:36Z → 2002-10-03T01:04:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:24 on the 2nd and 07:25 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Indirā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Wednesday 2 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:14 on Wed 2 Oct to 07:05 on Thu 3 Oct, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-10-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-04T04:14:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T22:14:59Z", "ms": 1033683299261.9025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T00:53:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T18:53:33Z", "ms": 1033757612529.3146 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-04T04:14:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T22:14:59Z", "ms": 1033683299261.9025 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T00:53:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T18:53:33Z", "ms": 1033757612529.3146 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-03T19:17:00+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T13:17:00Z", "ms": 1033651020022.9612 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-03T20:54:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-03T14:54:06Z", "ms": 1033656845938.5493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-04T19:15:59+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T13:15:59Z", "ms": 1033737358515.8899 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-04T20:53:16+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T14:53:16Z", "ms": 1033743195934.0887 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:15 on Fri 4 Oct to 00:54 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-03T22:14:59Z → 2002-10-04T18:53:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:54 on the 3rd, 19:16–20:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 3rd and 97 of 97 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Friday 4 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:15 on Fri 4 Oct to 00:54 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-10-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-10-04", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T00:53:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T18:53:33Z", "ms": 1033757612529.3146 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T21:10:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T15:10:41Z", "ms": 1033830641140.5182 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T00:53:33+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T18:53:33Z", "ms": 1033757612529.3146 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T21:10:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T15:10:41Z", "ms": 1033830641140.5182 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T00:56:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T18:56:49Z", "ms": 1033757808834.1355 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T01:44:49+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-04T19:44:49Z", "ms": 1033760688834.1355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T23:56:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T18:56:31Z", "ms": 1033844190823.7759 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-06T00:44:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T19:44:31Z", "ms": 1033847070823.7759 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:54 on Sat 5 Oct to 21:11 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-04T18:53:33Z → 2002-10-05T15:10:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:57–01:45 on the 4th, 23:57–00:45 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 196 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Friday 4 October. Caturdaśī runs from 00:54 on Sat 5 Oct to 21:11 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night. It is 3 min 16 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-10-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1512, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T21:10:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T15:10:41Z", "ms": 1033830641140.5182 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-06T16:17:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T11:17:34Z", "ms": 1033903053864.4479 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T21:10:41+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T15:10:41Z", "ms": 1033830641140.5182 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-06T16:17:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T11:17:34Z", "ms": 1033903053864.4479 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-05T14:31:14+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T08:31:14Z", "ms": 1033806674116.9458 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-05T16:53:06+06:00", "utc": "2002-10-05T10:53:06Z", "ms": 1033815185771.8007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-06T13:30:48+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T08:30:48Z", "ms": 1033893047755.404 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-06T15:52:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T10:52:22Z", "ms": 1033901542266.9066 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 21:11 on Sat 5 Oct to 16:18 on Sun 6 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-05T15:10:41Z → 2002-10-06T11:17:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:31–16:53 on the 5th, 13:31–15:52 on the 6th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 142 minutes on the 5th and 142 of 142 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1512 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 2002 falls on Sunday 6 October. Amāvasyā runs from 21:11 on Sat 5 Oct to 16:18 on Sun 6 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-10-06T16:17:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T11:17:34Z", "ms": 1033903053864.4479 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-07T12:25:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-07T07:25:31Z", "ms": 1033975531348.9609 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-06T16:17:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T11:17:34Z", "ms": 1033903053864.4479 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-07T12:25:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-07T07:25:31Z", "ms": 1033975531348.9609 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-06T11:56:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T06:56:00Z", "ms": 1033887360499.6527 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-06T12:44:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-06T07:44:00Z", "ms": 1033890240499.6527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-07T11:55:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-07T06:55:43Z", "ms": 1033973743098.242 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-07T12:43:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-07T07:43:43Z", "ms": 1033976623098.242 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:18 on Sun 6 Oct to 12:26 on Mon 7 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-06T11:17:34Z → 2002-10-07T07:25:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 6th, 11:56–12:44 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 30 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Karachi, 2002: Monday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2002 falls on Monday 7 October. Pratipadā runs from 16:18 on Sun 6 Oct to 12:26 on Mon 7 Oct and covers 30 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-10-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-09T05:28:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T00:28:12Z", "ms": 1034123291593.1545 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-10T02:42:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1034199739230.899 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-09T05:28:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T00:28:12Z", "ms": 1034123291593.1545 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-10T02:42:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1034199739230.899 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-09T11:55:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T06:55:10Z", "ms": 1034146509519.8071 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-09T12:43:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-09T07:43:10Z", "ms": 1034149389519.8071 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-10T11:54:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-10T06:54:53Z", "ms": 1034232893373.3107 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-10T12:42:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-10T07:42:53Z", "ms": 1034235773373.3107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:28 on Wed 9 Oct to 02:42 on Thu 10 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-09T00:28:12Z → 2002-10-09T21:42:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 9th, 11:55–12:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23218 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Wednesday 9 October. Caturthī runs from 05:28 on Wed 9 Oct to 02:42 on Thu 10 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-10-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26197, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-11T23:12:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-11T18:12:04Z", "ms": 1034359924480.3722 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-12T22:34:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T17:34:43Z", "ms": 1034444082739.201 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-11T23:12:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-11T18:12:04Z", "ms": 1034359924480.3722 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-12T22:34:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T17:34:43Z", "ms": 1034444082739.201 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-12T06:28:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T01:28:41Z", "ms": 1034386121443.9452 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-12T07:15:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T02:15:19Z", "ms": 1034388918911.1687 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-13T06:29:09+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T01:29:09Z", "ms": 1034472548851.83 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-13T07:15:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T02:15:41Z", "ms": 1034475340698.9164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:12 on Fri 11 Oct to 22:35 on Sat 12 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-11T18:12:04Z → 2002-10-12T17:34:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:29–07:15 on the 12th, 06:29–07:16 on the 13th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 47 of 47 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 47 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26197 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Saptamī 2002 falls on Saturday 12 October. Saptamī runs from 23:12 on Fri 11 Oct to 22:35 on Sat 12 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35540, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-12T22:34:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T17:34:43Z", "ms": 1034444082739.201 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-13T22:42:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T17:42:13Z", "ms": 1034530932976.6251 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-12T22:34:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T17:34:43Z", "ms": 1034444082739.201 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-13T22:42:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T17:42:13Z", "ms": 1034530932976.6251 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-12T11:54:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T06:54:22Z", "ms": 1034405662448.1213 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-12T12:42:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-12T07:42:22Z", "ms": 1034408542448.1213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-13T11:54:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T06:54:08Z", "ms": 1034492047704.9779 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-13T12:42:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T07:42:08Z", "ms": 1034494927704.9779 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:35 on Sat 12 Oct to 22:42 on Sun 13 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-12T17:34:43Z → 2002-10-13T17:42:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 12th, 11:54–12:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35540 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2002 falls on Sunday 13 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:35 on Sat 12 Oct to 22:42 on Sun 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-13T22:42:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T17:42:13Z", "ms": 1034530932976.6251 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-14T23:30:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T18:30:41Z", "ms": 1034620241417.6295 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-13T22:42:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T17:42:13Z", "ms": 1034530932976.6251 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-14T23:30:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T18:30:41Z", "ms": 1034620241417.6295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-13T11:54:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T06:54:08Z", "ms": 1034492047704.9779 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-13T12:42:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-13T07:42:08Z", "ms": 1034494927704.9779 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-14T11:53:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T06:53:53Z", "ms": 1034578433466.3226 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-14T12:41:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T07:41:53Z", "ms": 1034581313466.3226 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:42 on Sun 13 Oct to 23:31 on Mon 14 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-13T17:42:13Z → 2002-10-14T18:30:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 13th, 11:54–12:42 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahānavamī 2002 falls on Monday 14 October. Navamī runs from 22:42 on Sun 13 Oct to 23:31 on Mon 14 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11133, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-14T23:30:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T18:30:41Z", "ms": 1034620241417.6295 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-16T00:53:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T19:53:59Z", "ms": 1034711639460.9471 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "2002-10-14T23:30:41+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T18:30:41Z", "ms": 1034620241417.6295 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-15T14:59:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T09:59:42Z", "ms": 1034675982048.1981 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "2002-10-14T13:15:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T08:15:23Z", "ms": 1034583322653.6844 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-15T14:59:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T09:59:42Z", "ms": 1034675982048.1981 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-14T06:29:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T01:29:37Z", "ms": 1034558976627.4808 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-14T18:06:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-14T13:06:10Z", "ms": 1034600770305.1644 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 697, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-15T06:30:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T01:30:05Z", "ms": 1034645404781.2587 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-15T18:05:15+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T13:05:15Z", "ms": 1034687114721.4983 } }, "covered_min": 510, "window_min": 695, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 23:31 on Mon 14 Oct to 00:54 on Wed 16 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 13:15 on Mon 14 Oct to 15:00 on Tue 15 Oct. They are together from 23:31 on Mon 14 Oct to 15:00 on Tue 15 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-14T18:30:41Z → 2002-10-15T09:59:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:30–18:06 on the 14th, 06:30–18:05 on the 15th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 697 minutes on the 14th and 510 of 695 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11133 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2002 falls on Tuesday 15 October. Daśamī runs from 23:31 on Mon 14 Oct to 00:54 on Wed 16 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 510 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-10-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13579, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-16T00:53:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T19:53:59Z", "ms": 1034711639460.9471 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-17T02:44:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-16T21:44:43Z", "ms": 1034804682979.8627 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-16T00:53:59+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-15T19:53:59Z", "ms": 1034711639460.9471 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-17T02:44:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-16T21:44:43Z", "ms": 1034804682979.8627 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-16T06:30:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-16T01:30:33Z", "ms": 1034731833323.7946 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-16T06:30:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-16T01:30:33Z", "ms": 1034731833323.7946 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-17T06:31:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T01:31:02Z", "ms": 1034818262265.8038 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-17T06:31:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T01:31:02Z", "ms": 1034818262265.8038 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:54 on Wed 16 Oct to 02:45 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-15T19:53:59Z → 2002-10-16T21:44:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 16th and 06:31 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13579 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Ekādaśī runs from 00:54 on Wed 16 Oct to 02:45 on Thu 17 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-10-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-18T04:55:15+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T23:55:15Z", "ms": 1034898915292.0249 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-19T07:18:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-19T02:18:35Z", "ms": 1034993915036.4204 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-18T04:55:15+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T23:55:15Z", "ms": 1034898915292.0249 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-19T07:18:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-19T02:18:35Z", "ms": 1034993915036.4204 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-17T18:03:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T13:03:26Z", "ms": 1034859805675.5184 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-17T19:43:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-17T14:43:10Z", "ms": 1034865790467.8413 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-18T18:02:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-18T13:02:32Z", "ms": 1034946152270.2561 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-18T19:42:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-18T14:42:28Z", "ms": 1034952148152.978 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:55 on Fri 18 Oct to 07:19 on Sat 19 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-17T23:55:15Z → 2002-10-19T02:18:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:43 on the 17th, 18:03–19:42 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Friday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Friday 18 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:55 on Fri 18 Oct to 07:19 on Sat 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T19:11:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z", "ms": 1035468664661.7079 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:53:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:53:45Z", "ms": 1035561225196.8735 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T19:11:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z", "ms": 1035468664661.7079 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:53:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:53:45Z", "ms": 1035561225196.8735 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T20:03:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T15:03:16Z", "ms": 1035471795842.8433 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-24T20:03:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T15:03:16Z", "ms": 1035471795842.8433 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:46:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:46:57Z", "ms": 1035560817252.5171 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:46:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:46:57Z", "ms": 1035560817252.5171 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:11 on Thu 24 Oct to 20:54 on Fri 25 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z → 2002-10-25T15:53:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:03 on the 24th and 20:47 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2002 falls on Thursday 24 October. Caturthī runs from 19:11 on Thu 24 Oct to 20:54 on Fri 25 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-10-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T19:11:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z", "ms": 1035468664661.7079 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:53:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:53:45Z", "ms": 1035561225196.8735 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T19:11:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z", "ms": 1035468664661.7079 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:53:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:53:45Z", "ms": 1035561225196.8735 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-24T20:03:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T15:03:16Z", "ms": 1035471795842.8433 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-24T20:03:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-24T15:03:16Z", "ms": 1035471795842.8433 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:46:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:46:57Z", "ms": 1035560817252.5171 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-25T20:46:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-25T15:46:57Z", "ms": 1035560817252.5171 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:11 on Thu 24 Oct to 20:54 on Fri 25 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-24T14:11:05Z → 2002-10-25T15:53:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:03 on the 24th and 20:47 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Thursday 24 October. Caturthī runs from 19:11 on Thu 24 Oct to 20:54 on Fri 25 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-10-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2645, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-28T22:44:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-28T17:44:46Z", "ms": 1035827085999.9268 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-29T21:59:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-29T16:59:33Z", "ms": 1035910772969.1804 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-28T22:44:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-28T17:44:46Z", "ms": 1035827085999.9268 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-29T21:59:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-29T16:59:33Z", "ms": 1035910772969.1804 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-28T23:28:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-28T18:28:51Z", "ms": 1035829730932.0658 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-28T23:28:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-28T18:28:51Z", "ms": 1035829730932.0658 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-30T00:30:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-29T19:30:29Z", "ms": 1035919829131.9724 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-30T00:30:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-29T19:30:29Z", "ms": 1035919829131.9724 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:45 on Mon 28 Oct to 22:00 on Tue 29 Oct.", "fact": "2002-10-28T17:44:46Z → 2002-10-29T16:59:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:29 on the 28th and 00:30 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2645 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 2002 falls on Monday 28 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:45 on Mon 28 Oct to 22:00 on Tue 29 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32259, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-10-31T18:21:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-31T13:21:26Z", "ms": 1036070486448.1719 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-01T15:36:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T10:36:49Z", "ms": 1036147009059.4944 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-10-31T18:21:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-31T13:21:26Z", "ms": 1036070486448.1719 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-01T15:36:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T10:36:49Z", "ms": 1036147009059.4944 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-10-31T06:38:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-31T01:38:34Z", "ms": 1036028314491.4954 }, "end": { "local": "2002-10-31T06:38:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-10-31T01:38:34Z", "ms": 1036028314491.4954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-01T06:39:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T01:39:10Z", "ms": 1036114750373.1318 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-01T06:39:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T01:39:10Z", "ms": 1036114750373.1318 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:21 on Thu 31 Oct to 15:37 on Fri 1 Nov.", "fact": "2002-10-31T13:21:26Z → 2002-11-01T10:36:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 31st and 06:39 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32259 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ramā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Friday 1 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:21 on Thu 31 Oct to 15:37 on Fri 1 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-01T15:36:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T10:36:49Z", "ms": 1036147009059.4944 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-01T15:36:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T10:36:49Z", "ms": 1036147009059.4944 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-01T17:51:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T12:51:40Z", "ms": 1036155099638.226 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-01T19:34:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-01T14:34:05Z", "ms": 1036161244583.8773 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T17:51:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T12:51:01Z", "ms": 1036241460888.0464 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-02T19:33:36+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T14:33:36Z", "ms": 1036247615910.3578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:37 on Fri 1 Nov to 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-01T10:36:49Z → 2002-11-02T07:24:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:34 on the 1st, 17:51–19:34 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 103 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2002 falls on Friday 1 November. Dvādaśī runs from 15:37 on Fri 1 Nov to 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T17:51:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T12:51:01Z", "ms": 1036241460888.0464 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-02T19:33:36+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T14:33:36Z", "ms": 1036247615910.3578 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T17:50:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T12:50:23Z", "ms": 1036327823314.9717 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T19:33:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T14:33:08Z", "ms": 1036333988317.865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov to 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z → 2002-11-03T03:53:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:51–19:34 on the 2nd, 17:50–19:33 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 103 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dīpadāna 2002 falls on Saturday 2 November. Trayodaśī runs from 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov to 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-11-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T12:24:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z", "ms": 1036221866619.4384 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T17:51:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T12:51:01Z", "ms": 1036241460888.0464 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-02T19:33:36+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T14:33:36Z", "ms": 1036247615910.3578 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T17:50:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T12:50:23Z", "ms": 1036327823314.9717 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T19:33:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T14:33:08Z", "ms": 1036333988317.865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov to 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-02T07:24:27Z → 2002-11-03T03:53:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:51–19:34 on the 2nd, 17:50–19:33 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 103 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Saturday 2 November. Trayodaśī runs from 12:24 on Sat 2 Nov to 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-11-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-11-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-02T23:51:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T18:51:42Z", "ms": 1036263102221.7142 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T00:39:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T19:39:42Z", "ms": 1036265982221.7142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T23:51:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T18:51:42Z", "ms": 1036349502075.8215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T00:39:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T19:39:42Z", "ms": 1036352382075.8215 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov to 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z → 2002-11-04T00:13:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 2nd, 23:52–00:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Sunday 3 November. Caturdaśī runs from 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov to 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-11-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 894, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T08:53:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z", "ms": 1036295596137.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T04:57:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-02T23:57:49Z", "ms": 1036281468533.0707 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T06:40:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T01:40:24Z", "ms": 1036287623555.3821 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T04:58:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T23:58:16Z", "ms": 1036367895833.7781 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T06:41:01+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T01:41:01Z", "ms": 1036374060836.6714 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov to 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-03T03:53:16Z → 2002-11-04T00:13:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:58–06:40 on the 3rd, 04:58–06:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 3rd and 15 of 103 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 894 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2002 falls on Monday 4 November. Caturdaśī runs from 08:53 on Sun 3 Nov to 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov and covers 15 of 103 minutes of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21705, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T17:50:23+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T12:50:23Z", "ms": 1036327823314.9717 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-03T19:33:08+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T14:33:08Z", "ms": 1036333988317.865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T17:49:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T12:49:47Z", "ms": 1036414186937.8286 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T19:32:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T14:32:42Z", "ms": 1036420361820.9961 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov to 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z → 2002-11-04T20:34:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:50–19:33 on the 3rd, 17:50–19:33 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 3rd and 103 of 103 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21705 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Karachi, 2002: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2002 falls on Monday 4 November. Amāvasyā runs from 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov to 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3284, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T05:13:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z", "ms": 1036368789746.3401 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-03T23:51:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T18:51:42Z", "ms": 1036349502075.8215 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T00:39:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-03T19:39:42Z", "ms": 1036352382075.8215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T23:51:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T18:51:43Z", "ms": 1036435902749.7067 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T00:39:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T19:39:43Z", "ms": 1036438782749.7067 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov to 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-04T00:13:10Z → 2002-11-04T20:34:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 3rd, 23:52–00:40 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3284 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Karachi, 2002: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kālī Pūjā 2002 falls on Monday 4 November. Amāvasyā runs from 05:13 on Mon 4 Nov to 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34083, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T11:51:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T06:51:24Z", "ms": 1036392683887.25 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T12:39:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T07:39:24Z", "ms": 1036395563887.25 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T11:51:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T06:51:25Z", "ms": 1036479085167.9265 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T12:39:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T07:39:25Z", "ms": 1036481965167.9265 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z → 2002-11-05T17:07:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 4th, 11:51–12:39 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34083 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govardhana Pūjā 2002 falls on Tuesday 5 November. Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9312, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-04T17:49:47+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T12:49:47Z", "ms": 1036414186937.8286 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-04T19:32:42+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T14:32:42Z", "ms": 1036420361820.9961 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T17:49:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T12:49:12Z", "ms": 1036500551774.2684 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T19:32:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T14:32:16Z", "ms": 1036506736433.0989 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z → 2002-11-05T17:07:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:50–19:33 on the 4th, 17:49–19:32 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 4th and 103 of 103 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9312 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bali Pūjā 2002 falls on Tuesday 5 November. Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18432, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T01:34:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z", "ms": 1036442066643.0344 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T06:41:39+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T01:41:39Z", "ms": 1036460498561.5847 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T10:24:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T05:24:10Z", "ms": 1036473849632.4792 } }, "covered_min": 223, "window_min": 223, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-06T06:42:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T01:42:17Z", "ms": 1036546936715.4971 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-06T10:24:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T05:24:24Z", "ms": 1036560263757.4424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 222, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-04T20:34:27Z → 2002-11-05T17:07:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:42–10:24 on the 5th, 06:42–10:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 223 of 223 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 222 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18432 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dyūta Pratipad 2002 falls on Tuesday 5 November. Pratipadā runs from 01:34 on Tue 5 Nov to 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-06T19:02:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T14:02:16Z", "ms": 1036591335665.8192 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T22:07:29+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z", "ms": 1036516048543.0692 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-06T19:02:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T14:02:16Z", "ms": 1036591335665.8192 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-05T11:51:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T06:51:25Z", "ms": 1036479085167.9265 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-05T12:39:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-05T07:39:25Z", "ms": 1036481965167.9265 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-06T11:51:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T06:51:27Z", "ms": 1036565487278.415 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-06T12:39:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-06T07:39:27Z", "ms": 1036568367278.415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov to 19:02 on Wed 6 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-05T17:07:29Z → 2002-11-06T14:02:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 5th, 11:51–12:39 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2002 falls on Wednesday 6 November. Dvitīyā runs from 22:07 on Tue 5 Nov to 19:02 on Wed 6 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T16:28:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z", "ms": 1036668479718.5928 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T14:32:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T09:32:31Z", "ms": 1036747951114.4458 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T16:28:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z", "ms": 1036668479718.5928 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T14:32:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T09:32:31Z", "ms": 1036747951114.4458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T11:51:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T06:51:30Z", "ms": 1036651890219.3195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-07T12:39:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T07:39:30Z", "ms": 1036654770219.3195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-08T11:51:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T06:51:34Z", "ms": 1036738293991.1282 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T12:39:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T07:39:34Z", "ms": 1036741173991.1282 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:28 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:33 on Fri 8 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z → 2002-11-08T09:32:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 7th, 11:52–12:40 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Caturthī 2002 falls on Friday 8 November. Caturthī runs from 16:28 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:33 on Fri 8 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-11-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T16:28:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z", "ms": 1036668479718.5928 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T14:32:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T09:32:31Z", "ms": 1036747951114.4458 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T16:28:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z", "ms": 1036668479718.5928 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T14:32:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T09:32:31Z", "ms": 1036747951114.4458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-07T11:51:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T06:51:30Z", "ms": 1036651890219.3195 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-07T12:39:30+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-07T07:39:30Z", "ms": 1036654770219.3195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-08T11:51:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T06:51:34Z", "ms": 1036738293991.1282 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-08T12:39:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-08T07:39:34Z", "ms": 1036741173991.1282 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:28 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:33 on Fri 8 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-07T11:28:00Z → 2002-11-08T09:32:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 7th, 11:52–12:40 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Friday 8 November. Caturthī runs from 16:28 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:33 on Fri 8 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1130, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-09T13:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-09T08:21:40Z", "ms": 1036830099943.0487 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-10T12:58:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-10T07:58:34Z", "ms": 1036915114263.4393 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-09T13:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-09T08:21:40Z", "ms": 1036830099943.0487 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-10T12:58:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-10T07:58:34Z", "ms": 1036915114263.4393 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-09T11:51:39+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-09T06:51:39Z", "ms": 1036824698594.5037 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-09T12:39:39+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-09T07:39:39Z", "ms": 1036827578594.5037 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-10T11:51:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-10T06:51:44Z", "ms": 1036911104030.3455 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-10T12:39:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-10T07:39:44Z", "ms": 1036913984030.3455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:22 on Sat 9 Nov to 12:59 on Sun 10 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-09T08:21:40Z → 2002-11-10T07:58:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 9th, 11:52–12:40 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1130 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2002 falls on Sunday 10 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:22 on Sat 9 Nov to 12:59 on Sun 10 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-11T13:23:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-11T08:23:05Z", "ms": 1037002984535.9795 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-11T13:23:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-11T08:23:05Z", "ms": 1037002984535.9795 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-11T11:51:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-11T06:51:50Z", "ms": 1036997510299.6819 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-11T12:39:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-11T07:39:50Z", "ms": 1037000390299.6819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T11:51:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T06:51:57Z", "ms": 1037083917403.478 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-12T12:39:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T07:39:57Z", "ms": 1037086797403.478 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:23 on Mon 11 Nov to 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-11T08:23:05Z → 2002-11-12T09:31:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 11th, 11:52–12:40 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gopāṣṭamī 2002 falls on Tuesday 12 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:23 on Mon 11 Nov to 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14724, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T16:16:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T11:16:40Z", "ms": 1037186199953.2251 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T16:16:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T11:16:40Z", "ms": 1037186199953.2251 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T06:46:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T01:46:14Z", "ms": 1037065573743.3384 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-12T10:26:03+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T05:26:03Z", "ms": 1037078762850.0981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 220, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-13T06:46:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T01:46:54Z", "ms": 1037152014446.6533 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T10:26:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T05:26:22Z", "ms": 1037165181710.5096 } }, "covered_min": 219, "window_min": 219, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov to 16:17 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z → 2002-11-13T11:16:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:46–10:26 on the 12th, 06:47–10:26 on the 13th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 220 minutes on the 12th and 219 of 219 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14724 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2002 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Navamī runs from 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov to 16:17 on Wed 13 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T16:16:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T11:16:40Z", "ms": 1037186199953.2251 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T14:31:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z", "ms": 1037093487218.8483 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T16:16:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T11:16:40Z", "ms": 1037186199953.2251 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-12T11:51:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T06:51:57Z", "ms": 1037083917403.478 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-12T12:39:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-12T07:39:57Z", "ms": 1037086797403.478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-13T11:52:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T06:52:05Z", "ms": 1037170325342.4379 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-13T12:40:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-13T07:40:05Z", "ms": 1037173205342.4379 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov to 16:17 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-12T09:31:27Z → 2002-11-13T11:16:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 12th, 11:52–12:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Karachi, 2002: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Navamī 2002 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Navamī runs from 14:31 on Tue 12 Nov to 16:17 on Wed 13 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35434, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-14T18:29:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-14T13:29:13Z", "ms": 1037280552547.6969 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-15T20:58:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-15T15:58:24Z", "ms": 1037375904190.8059 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-14T18:29:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-14T13:29:13Z", "ms": 1037280552547.6969 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-15T20:58:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-15T15:58:24Z", "ms": 1037375904190.8059 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-15T06:48:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-15T01:48:17Z", "ms": 1037324896731.8203 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-15T06:48:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-15T01:48:17Z", "ms": 1037324896731.8203 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-16T06:48:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T01:48:58Z", "ms": 1037411338278.4218 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-16T06:48:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T01:48:58Z", "ms": 1037411338278.4218 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:29 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:58 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-14T13:29:13Z → 2002-11-15T15:58:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 15th and 06:49 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35434 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Friday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Friday 15 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:29 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:58 on Fri 15 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-11-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-16T23:33:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T18:33:46Z", "ms": 1037471625662.4404 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-18T02:06:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-17T21:06:04Z", "ms": 1037567163643.2655 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-16T23:33:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T18:33:46Z", "ms": 1037471625662.4404 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-18T02:06:04+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-17T21:06:04Z", "ms": 1037567163643.2655 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-16T17:44:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T12:44:10Z", "ms": 1037450650062.0824 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-16T19:28:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-16T14:28:54Z", "ms": 1037456934063.1042 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-17T17:43:51+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-17T12:43:51Z", "ms": 1037537030823.7938 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-17T19:28:43+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-17T14:28:43Z", "ms": 1037543322992.1421 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:34 on Sat 16 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 18 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-16T18:33:46Z → 2002-11-17T21:06:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:29 on the 16th, 17:44–19:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 16th and 105 of 105 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Sunday 17 November. Trayodaśī runs from 23:34 on Sat 16 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 18 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T04:27:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z", "ms": 1037662073440.4629 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T06:33:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T01:33:40Z", "ms": 1037756019973.1501 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T04:27:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z", "ms": 1037662073440.4629 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T06:33:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T01:33:40Z", "ms": 1037756019973.1501 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T11:53:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-19T06:53:10Z", "ms": 1037688790487.7202 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-19T12:41:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-19T07:41:10Z", "ms": 1037691670487.7202 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-20T11:53:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T06:53:24Z", "ms": 1037775204245.0745 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T12:41:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T07:41:24Z", "ms": 1037778084245.0745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 06:34 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z → 2002-11-20T01:33:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2002 falls on Tuesday 19 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 06:34 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13595, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T04:27:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z", "ms": 1037662073440.4629 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T06:33:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T01:33:40Z", "ms": 1037756019973.1501 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T04:27:53+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z", "ms": 1037662073440.4629 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T06:33:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-20T01:33:40Z", "ms": 1037756019973.1501 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-18T23:53:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T18:53:19Z", "ms": 1037645598664.538 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-19T00:41:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-18T19:41:19Z", "ms": 1037648478664.538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-19T23:53:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-19T18:53:32Z", "ms": 1037732011690.6838 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-20T00:41:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-19T19:41:32Z", "ms": 1037734891690.6838 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 06:34 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-18T23:27:53Z → 2002-11-20T01:33:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 18th, 23:54–00:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13595 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāsayātrā 2002 falls on Tuesday 19 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:28 on Tue 19 Nov to 06:34 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-11-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35244, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-23T10:38:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-23T05:38:12Z", "ms": 1038029892393.4789 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-24T11:06:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-24T06:06:49Z", "ms": 1038118008825.1481 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-23T10:38:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-23T05:38:12Z", "ms": 1038029892393.4789 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-24T11:06:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-24T06:06:49Z", "ms": 1038118008825.1481 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-23T20:25:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-23T15:25:37Z", "ms": 1038065136823.6276 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-23T20:25:37+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-23T15:25:37Z", "ms": 1038065136823.6276 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-24T21:22:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-24T16:22:54Z", "ms": 1038154973669.6174 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-24T21:22:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-24T16:22:54Z", "ms": 1038154973669.6174 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:38 on Sat 23 Nov to 11:07 on Sun 24 Nov.", "fact": "2002-11-23T05:38:12Z → 2002-11-24T06:06:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:26 on the 23rd and 21:23 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35244 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 23 November. Caturthī runs from 10:38 on Sat 23 Nov to 11:07 on Sun 24 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-11-30T03:25:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-29T22:25:14Z", "ms": 1038608714237.1569 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-01T00:38:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-30T19:38:07Z", "ms": 1038685087183.3572 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-11-30T03:25:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-29T22:25:14Z", "ms": 1038608714237.1569 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-01T00:38:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-30T19:38:07Z", "ms": 1038685087183.3572 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-11-30T06:58:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-30T01:58:55Z", "ms": 1038621535447.3916 }, "end": { "local": "2002-11-30T06:58:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-11-30T01:58:55Z", "ms": 1038621535447.3916 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-01T06:59:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T01:59:38Z", "ms": 1038707978136.9302 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-01T06:59:38+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T01:59:38Z", "ms": 1038707978136.9302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:25 on Sat 30 Nov to 00:38 on Sun 1 Dec.", "fact": "2002-11-29T22:25:14Z → 2002-11-30T19:38:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:59 on the 30th and 07:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Saturday 30 November. Ekādaśī runs from 03:25 on Sat 30 Nov to 00:38 on Sun 1 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-01T21:37:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T16:37:44Z", "ms": 1038760664113.0095 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-02T18:31:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T13:31:28Z", "ms": 1038835888219.5627 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-01T21:37:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T16:37:44Z", "ms": 1038760664113.0095 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-02T18:31:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T13:31:28Z", "ms": 1038835888219.5627 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-01T17:41:57+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T12:41:57Z", "ms": 1038746517145.1559 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-01T19:28:24+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-01T14:28:24Z", "ms": 1038752904279.3445 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-02T17:42:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T12:42:00Z", "ms": 1038832920384.4376 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-02T19:28:33+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T14:28:33Z", "ms": 1038839312726.4272 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:38 on Sun 1 Dec to 18:31 on Mon 2 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-01T16:37:44Z → 2002-12-02T13:31:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:28 on the 1st, 17:42–19:29 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 1st and 49 of 107 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Monday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Monday 2 December. Trayodaśī runs from 21:38 on Sun 1 Dec to 18:31 on Mon 2 Dec and covers 49 of 107 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-12-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19563, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-02T18:31:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T13:31:28Z", "ms": 1038835888219.5627 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-03T15:27:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-03T10:27:28Z", "ms": 1038911248329.7944 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-02T18:31:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T13:31:28Z", "ms": 1038835888219.5627 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-03T15:27:28+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-03T10:27:28Z", "ms": 1038911248329.7944 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-02T23:57:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T18:57:32Z", "ms": 1038855451666.8987 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-03T00:45:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-02T19:45:32Z", "ms": 1038858331666.8987 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-03T23:57:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-03T18:57:55Z", "ms": 1038941875056.2317 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-04T00:45:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-03T19:45:55Z", "ms": 1038944755056.2317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:31 on Mon 2 Dec to 15:27 on Tue 3 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-02T13:31:28Z → 2002-12-03T10:27:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 2nd, 23:58–00:46 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19563 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2002: Monday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2002 falls on Monday 2 December. Caturdaśī runs from 18:31 on Mon 2 Dec to 15:27 on Tue 3 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/shivaratri?on=2002-12-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-12-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-07T06:26:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-07T01:26:20Z", "ms": 1039224380481.1743 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-08T05:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T00:39:06Z", "ms": 1039307946120.8198 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-07T06:26:20+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-07T01:26:20Z", "ms": 1039224380481.1743 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-08T05:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T00:39:06Z", "ms": 1039307946120.8198 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-07T11:59:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-07T06:59:14Z", "ms": 1039244353958.239 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-07T12:47:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-07T07:47:14Z", "ms": 1039247233958.239 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-08T11:59:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T06:59:40Z", "ms": 1039330780246.4408 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-08T12:47:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T07:47:40Z", "ms": 1039333660246.4408 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:26 on Sat 7 Dec to 05:39 on Sun 8 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-07T01:26:20Z → 2002-12-08T00:39:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 7th, 12:00–12:48 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Saturday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2002 falls on Saturday 7 December. Caturthī runs from 06:26 on Sat 7 Dec to 05:39 on Sun 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2002-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22834, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-08T05:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T00:39:06Z", "ms": 1039307946120.8198 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-08T05:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T00:39:06Z", "ms": 1039307946120.8198 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-08T11:59:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T06:59:40Z", "ms": 1039330780246.4408 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-08T12:47:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-08T07:47:40Z", "ms": 1039333660246.4408 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:00:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:00:07Z", "ms": 1039417206996.5293 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:48:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:48:07Z", "ms": 1039420086996.5293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:39 on Sun 8 Dec to 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-08T00:39:06Z → 2002-12-09T00:37:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 8th, 12:00–12:48 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22834 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Karachi, 2002: Sunday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2002 falls on Sunday 8 December. Pañcamī runs from 05:39 on Sun 8 Dec to 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20264, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:00:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:00:07Z", "ms": 1039417206996.5293 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:48:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:48:07Z", "ms": 1039420086996.5293 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:00:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:00:34Z", "ms": 1039503634178.1497 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": 1039506514178.1497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec to 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z → 2002-12-10T01:22:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 9th, 12:01–12:49 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20264 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2002 falls on Monday 9 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec to 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20264, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T05:37:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z", "ms": 1039394265960.073 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:00:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:00:07Z", "ms": 1039417206996.5293 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-09T12:48:07+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-09T07:48:07Z", "ms": 1039420086996.5293 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:00:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:00:34Z", "ms": 1039503634178.1497 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": 1039506514178.1497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec to 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-09T00:37:46Z → 2002-12-10T01:22:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 9th, 12:01–12:49 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20264 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2002 falls on Monday 9 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:38 on Mon 9 Dec to 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15016, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-11T07:50:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-11T02:50:46Z", "ms": 1039575046219.6202 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-10T06:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z", "ms": 1039483369743.5452 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-11T07:50:46+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-11T02:50:46Z", "ms": 1039575046219.6202 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:00:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:00:34Z", "ms": 1039503634178.1497 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-10T12:48:34+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-10T07:48:34Z", "ms": 1039506514178.1497 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2002-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-11T12:01:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-11T07:01:02Z", "ms": 1039590061761.0461 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-11T12:49:02+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-11T07:49:02Z", "ms": 1039592941761.0461 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec to 07:51 on Wed 11 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-10T01:22:50Z → 2002-12-11T02:50:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 10th, 12:01–12:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15016 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mitra Saptamī 2002 falls on Tuesday 10 December. Saptamī runs from 06:23 on Tue 10 Dec to 07:51 on Wed 11 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-12-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28200, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-14T14:58:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-14T09:58:22Z", "ms": 1039859901543.7997 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-15T17:32:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T12:32:49Z", "ms": 1039955569345.6156 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-14T14:58:22+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-14T09:58:22Z", "ms": 1039859901543.7997 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-15T17:32:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T12:32:49Z", "ms": 1039955569345.6156 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-14T07:08:21+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-14T02:08:21Z", "ms": 1039831701266.15 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-14T07:08:21+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-14T02:08:21Z", "ms": 1039831701266.15 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-15T07:08:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T02:08:58Z", "ms": 1039918137558.7593 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-15T07:08:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T02:08:58Z", "ms": 1039918137558.7593 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:58 on Sat 14 Dec to 17:33 on Sun 15 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-14T09:58:22Z → 2002-12-15T12:32:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:08 on the 14th and 07:09 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28200 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Sunday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Sunday 15 December. Ekādaśī runs from 14:58 on Sat 14 Dec to 17:33 on Sun 15 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-12-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-15T17:32:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T12:32:49Z", "ms": 1039955569345.6156 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-16T19:52:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T14:52:25Z", "ms": 1040050345254.6583 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-15T17:32:49+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T12:32:49Z", "ms": 1039955569345.6156 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-16T19:52:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T14:52:25Z", "ms": 1040050345254.6583 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-15T12:02:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T07:02:55Z", "ms": 1039935775498.9165 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-15T12:50:55+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-15T07:50:55Z", "ms": 1039938655498.9165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-16T12:03:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T07:03:25Z", "ms": 1040022204632.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-16T12:51:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T07:51:25Z", "ms": 1040025084632.5933 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:33 on Sun 15 Dec to 19:52 on Mon 16 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-15T12:32:49Z → 2002-12-16T14:52:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:03–12:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 16 December. Dvādaśī runs from 17:33 on Sun 15 Dec to 19:52 on Mon 16 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1190, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-16T19:52:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T14:52:25Z", "ms": 1040050345254.6583 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-17T21:48:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-17T16:48:17Z", "ms": 1040143697028.6356 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-16T19:52:25+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T14:52:25Z", "ms": 1040050345254.6583 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-17T21:48:17+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-17T16:48:17Z", "ms": 1040143697028.6356 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-16T17:45:16+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T12:45:16Z", "ms": 1040042716176.8162 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-16T19:32:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-16T14:32:35Z", "ms": 1040049155062.4083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-17T17:45:40+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-17T12:45:40Z", "ms": 1040129140150.9277 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-17T19:33:00+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-17T14:33:00Z", "ms": 1040135580359.4283 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:52 on Mon 16 Dec to 21:48 on Tue 17 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-16T14:52:25Z → 2002-12-17T16:48:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:45–19:33 on the 16th, 17:46–19:33 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 16th and 107 of 107 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1190 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 17 December. Trayodaśī runs from 19:52 on Mon 16 Dec to 21:48 on Tue 17 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2002-12-18T23:14:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-18T18:14:58Z", "ms": 1040235297523.5442 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-20T00:10:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-19T19:10:10Z", "ms": 1040325010279.1475 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-18T23:14:58+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-18T18:14:58Z", "ms": 1040235297523.5442 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-20T00:10:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-19T19:10:10Z", "ms": 1040325010279.1475 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-18T17:46:05+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-18T12:46:05Z", "ms": 1040215565335.6556 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-18T19:33:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-18T14:33:27Z", "ms": 1040222006589.8229 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-19T17:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-19T12:46:32Z", "ms": 1040301991704.4575 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-19T19:33:54+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-19T14:33:54Z", "ms": 1040308433726.1534 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:15 on Wed 18 Dec to 00:10 on Fri 20 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-18T18:14:58Z → 2002-12-19T19:10:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:46–19:33 on the 18th, 17:47–19:34 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 18th and 107 of 107 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Karachi, 2002: Thursday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2002 falls on Thursday 19 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:15 on Wed 18 Dec to 00:10 on Fri 20 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-12-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-22T23:57:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-22T18:57:14Z", "ms": 1040583433716.4602 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-23T23:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-23T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1040666545532.1036 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-22T23:57:14+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-22T18:57:14Z", "ms": 1040583433716.4602 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-23T23:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-23T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1040666545532.1036 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-22T20:16:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-22T15:16:45Z", "ms": 1040570204821.0083 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-22T20:16:45+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-22T15:16:45Z", "ms": 1040570204821.0083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-23T21:18:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-23T16:18:35Z", "ms": 1040660314763.5116 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-23T21:18:35+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-23T16:18:35Z", "ms": 1040660314763.5116 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:57 on Sun 22 Dec to 23:02 on Mon 23 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-22T18:57:14Z → 2002-12-23T18:02:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:17 on the 22nd and 21:19 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2002 falls on Monday 23 December. Caturthī runs from 23:57 on Sun 22 Dec to 23:02 on Mon 23 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2002-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-12-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8941, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-29T12:05:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-29T07:05:12Z", "ms": 1041145512477.8121 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-30T09:45:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T04:45:13Z", "ms": 1041223512561.6031 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-29T12:05:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-29T07:05:12Z", "ms": 1041145512477.8121 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-30T09:45:13+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T04:45:13Z", "ms": 1041223512561.6031 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-29T07:15:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-29T02:15:50Z", "ms": 1041128150262.5009 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-29T07:15:50+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-29T02:15:50Z", "ms": 1041128150262.5009 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-30T07:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T02:16:12Z", "ms": 1041214571676.3578 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-30T07:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T02:16:12Z", "ms": 1041214571676.3578 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:05 on Sun 29 Dec to 09:45 on Mon 30 Dec.", "fact": "2002-12-29T07:05:12Z → 2002-12-30T04:45:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:16 on the 29th and 07:16 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8941 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2002: Monday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2002 falls on Monday 30 December. Ekādaśī runs from 12:05 on Sun 29 Dec to 09:45 on Mon 30 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/ekadashi?on=2002-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2002, "local_date": "2002-12-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34243, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2002-12-31T07:25:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-31T02:25:27Z", "ms": 1041301527424.597 }, "end": { "local": "2003-01-01T05:11:02+05:00", "utc": "2003-01-01T00:11:02Z", "ms": 1041379862208.6173 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2002-12-31T07:25:27+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-31T02:25:27Z", "ms": 1041301527424.597 }, "end": { "local": "2003-01-01T05:11:02+05:00", "utc": "2003-01-01T00:11:02Z", "ms": 1041379862208.6173 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2002-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-30T17:52:31+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T12:52:31Z", "ms": 1041252751449.5835 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-30T19:39:44+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-30T14:39:44Z", "ms": 1041259183503.8849 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2002-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2002-12-31T17:53:10+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-31T12:53:10Z", "ms": 1041339189603.1808 }, "end": { "local": "2002-12-31T19:40:19+05:00", "utc": "2002-12-31T14:40:19Z", "ms": 1041345619092.774 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:25 on Tue 31 Dec to 05:11 on Wed 1 Jan.", "fact": "2002-12-31T02:25:27Z → 2003-01-01T00:11:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:53–19:40 on the 30th, 17:53–19:40 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 30th and 107 of 107 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34243 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2002: Tuesday 31 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2002-12-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2002 falls on Tuesday 31 December. Trayodaśī runs from 07:25 on Tue 31 Dec to 05:11 on Wed 1 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2002/pradosha-vrata?on=2002-12-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }