{ "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015", "place": { "id": "1174872", "slug": "karachi", "name": "Karachi", "region": "Sindh, Pakistan", "country": "PK", "lat": 24.8608, "lon": 67.0104, "elevation_m": 8, "tz": "Asia/Karachi" }, "year": 2015, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2014-12-31T08:40:07+05:00", "utc": "2014-12-31T03:40:07Z", "ms": 1419997207385.3242 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-01T08:10:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-01T03:10:56Z", "ms": 1420081855984.327 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2014-12-31T08:40:07+05:00", "utc": "2014-12-31T03:40:07Z", "ms": 1419997207385.3242 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-01T08:10:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-01T03:10:56Z", "ms": 1420081855984.327 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2014-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2014-12-31T07:16:32+05:00", "utc": "2014-12-31T02:16:32Z", "ms": 1419992191556.1387 }, "end": { "local": "2014-12-31T07:16:32+05:00", "utc": "2014-12-31T02:16:32Z", "ms": 1419992191556.1387 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-01T07:16:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-01T02:16:50Z", "ms": 1420078610195.0042 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-01T07:16:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-01T02:16:50Z", "ms": 1420078610195.0042 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:40 on Wed 31 Dec to 08:11 on Thu 1 Jan.", "fact": "2014-12-31T03:40:07Z → 2015-01-01T03:10:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:17 on the 31st and 07:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 1 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 1 January. Ekādaśī runs from 08:40 on Wed 31 Dec to 08:11 on Thu 1 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-01-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34706, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-02T08:03:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-02T03:03:05Z", "ms": 1420167785386.885 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-03T08:16:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-03T03:16:44Z", "ms": 1420255004368.493 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-02T08:03:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-02T03:03:05Z", "ms": 1420167785386.885 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-03T08:16:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-03T03:16:44Z", "ms": 1420255004368.493 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-02T17:54:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-02T12:54:30Z", "ms": 1420203270431.933 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-02T19:41:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-02T14:41:34Z", "ms": 1420209693508.862 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-03T17:55:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-03T12:55:10Z", "ms": 1420289710483.6565 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-03T19:42:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-03T14:42:10Z", "ms": 1420296130172.4128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:03 on Fri 2 Jan to 08:17 on Sat 3 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-02T03:03:05Z → 2015-01-03T03:16:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:55–19:42 on the 2nd, 17:55–19:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 107 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34706 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Friday 2 January. Trayodaśī runs from 08:03 on Fri 2 Jan to 08:17 on Sat 3 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-01-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13383, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-08T15:27:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-08T10:27:13Z", "ms": 1420712833082.876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-09T18:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-09T13:01:45Z", "ms": 1420808504662.6213 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-08T15:27:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-08T10:27:13Z", "ms": 1420712833082.876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-09T18:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-09T13:01:45Z", "ms": 1420808504662.6213 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-08T20:54:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-08T15:54:50Z", "ms": 1420732489890.7656 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-08T20:54:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-08T15:54:50Z", "ms": 1420732489890.7656 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-09T21:44:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-09T16:44:47Z", "ms": 1420821887491.0164 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-09T21:44:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-09T16:44:47Z", "ms": 1420821887491.0164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:27 on Thu 8 Jan to 18:02 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-08T10:27:13Z → 2015-01-09T13:01:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 8th and 21:45 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13383 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Thursday 8 January. Caturthī runs from 15:27 on Thu 8 Jan to 18:02 on Fri 9 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3296, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-13T07:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-13T02:57:00Z", "ms": 1423796219594.9927 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-13T18:02:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-13T13:02:17Z", "ms": 1421154137430.5127 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-15T18:03:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T13:03:47Z", "ms": 1421327026689.631 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 3296 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Thursday 15 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2015-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2015-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhogi 2015 falls on Wednesday 14 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Thursday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18122, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-13T07:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-13T02:57:00Z", "ms": 1423796219594.9927 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-13T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1421175600000 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-15T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1421262000000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-15T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1421262000000 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-16T00:00:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T19:00:00Z", "ms": 1421348400000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Karachi.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Karachi" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 18122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Makara Saṅkrānti 2015 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 15 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3296, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-13T07:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-13T02:57:00Z", "ms": 1423796219594.9927 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-13T18:02:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-13T13:02:17Z", "ms": 1421154137430.5127 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-15T18:03:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T13:03:47Z", "ms": 1421327026689.631 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 3296 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2015-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pongal 2015 falls on Thursday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3296, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-13T07:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-13T02:57:00Z", "ms": 1423796219594.9927 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:57:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z", "ms": 1421243877879.9688 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-13T18:02:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-13T13:02:17Z", "ms": 1421154137430.5127 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-14T18:03:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-14T13:03:02Z", "ms": 1421240581965.7424 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-15T18:03:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T13:03:47Z", "ms": 1421327026689.631 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-14T13:57:58Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:03, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:04.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 3296 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Thursday 15 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Karachi, 2015: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2015-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mattu Pongal 2015 falls on Friday 16 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Thursday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 15 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-16T04:51:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T23:51:38Z", "ms": 1421365898179.474 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-17T04:09:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-16T23:09:57Z", "ms": 1421449797219.2778 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-16T04:51:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-15T23:51:38Z", "ms": 1421365898179.474 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-17T04:09:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-16T23:09:57Z", "ms": 1421449797219.2778 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-16T07:18:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-16T02:18:44Z", "ms": 1421374724308.0637 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-16T07:18:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-16T02:18:44Z", "ms": 1421374724308.0637 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-17T07:18:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T02:18:40Z", "ms": 1421461120472.9353 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-17T07:18:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T02:18:40Z", "ms": 1421461120472.9353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:52 on Fri 16 Jan to 04:10 on Sat 17 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-15T23:51:38Z → 2015-01-16T23:09:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:19 on the 16th and 07:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Friday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 04:52 on Fri 16 Jan to 04:10 on Sat 17 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16155, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-18T02:37:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T21:37:30Z", "ms": 1421530650018.438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-18T02:37:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T21:37:30Z", "ms": 1421530650018.438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-17T18:05:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T13:05:17Z", "ms": 1421499916556.487 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-17T19:51:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-17T14:51:03Z", "ms": 1421506263040.0376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-18T18:06:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T13:06:02Z", "ms": 1421586361625.1436 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-18T19:51:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T14:51:41Z", "ms": 1421592701200.126 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:38 on Sun 18 Jan to 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-17T21:37:30Z → 2015-01-18T19:20:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:51 on the 17th, 18:06–19:52 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 17th and 106 of 106 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16155 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 02:38 on Sun 18 Jan to 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-01-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 162, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T21:29:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T16:29:28Z", "ms": 1421684968313.0457 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T21:29:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T16:29:28Z", "ms": 1421684968313.0457 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:18:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:18:15Z", "ms": 1421608695031.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T01:06:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T20:06:15Z", "ms": 1421611575031.3276 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-20T00:18:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T19:18:33Z", "ms": 1421695113484.5283 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-20T01:06:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T20:06:33Z", "ms": 1421697993484.5283 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan to 21:29 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z → 2015-01-19T16:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:18–01:06 on the 18th, 00:19–01:07 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 45 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 162 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Sunday 18 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan to 21:29 on Mon 19 Jan and covers 45 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It is 2 min 42 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18712, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T21:29:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T16:29:28Z", "ms": 1421684968313.0457 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T00:20:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z", "ms": 1421608856563.3213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T21:29:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T16:29:28Z", "ms": 1421684968313.0457 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-19T05:32:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T00:32:49Z", "ms": 1421627568862.529 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-19T07:18:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-19T02:18:28Z", "ms": 1421633908437.5115 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-20T05:32:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-20T00:32:48Z", "ms": 1421713967768.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-20T07:18:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-20T02:18:20Z", "ms": 1421720300235.2917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan to 21:29 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-18T19:20:57Z → 2015-01-19T16:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:33–07:18 on the 19th, 05:33–07:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 106 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18712 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 2015: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Tarpaṇa 2015 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 00:21 on Mon 19 Jan to 21:29 on Mon 19 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T07:51:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z", "ms": 1421981467398.8584 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T07:51:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z", "ms": 1421981467398.8584 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T12:19:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T07:19:47Z", "ms": 1421997586853.2341 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-23T13:07:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T08:07:47Z", "ms": 1422000466853.2341 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T12:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T07:20:02Z", "ms": 1422084002219.5547 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T13:08:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T08:08:02Z", "ms": 1422086882219.5547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Fri 23 Jan to 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z → 2015-01-23T23:45:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 23rd, 12:20–13:08 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2015 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Fri 23 Jan to 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31869, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T07:51:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z", "ms": 1421981467398.8584 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T07:51:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z", "ms": 1421981467398.8584 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-22T18:09:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-22T13:09:02Z", "ms": 1421932141923.7495 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-22T19:54:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-22T14:54:12Z", "ms": 1421938451918.603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-23T18:09:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T13:09:47Z", "ms": 1422018586821.3176 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-23T19:54:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T14:54:49Z", "ms": 1422024888959.6472 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Fri 23 Jan to 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-23T02:51:07Z → 2015-01-23T23:45:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:09–19:54 on the 22nd, 18:10–19:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 22nd and 105 of 105 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31869 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Tila Caturthī 2015 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturthī runs from 07:51 on Fri 23 Jan to 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27244, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T02:06:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T21:06:01Z", "ms": 1422133561345.8967 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T02:06:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T21:06:01Z", "ms": 1422133561345.8967 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T12:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T07:20:02Z", "ms": 1422084002219.5547 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T13:08:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T08:08:02Z", "ms": 1422086882219.5547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-25T12:20:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T07:20:17Z", "ms": 1422170416777.8809 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T13:08:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T08:08:17Z", "ms": 1422173296777.8809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z → 2015-01-24T21:06:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 24th, 12:20–13:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27244 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Pañcamī 2015 falls on Saturday 24 January. Pañcamī runs from 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27244, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T02:06:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T21:06:01Z", "ms": 1422133561345.8967 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T04:45:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z", "ms": 1422056758022.8909 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T02:06:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T21:06:01Z", "ms": 1422133561345.8967 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-24T12:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T07:20:02Z", "ms": 1422084002219.5547 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-24T13:08:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-24T08:08:02Z", "ms": 1422086882219.5547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-25T12:20:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T07:20:17Z", "ms": 1422170416777.8809 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-25T13:08:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T08:08:17Z", "ms": 1422173296777.8809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-23T23:45:58Z → 2015-01-24T21:06:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 24th, 12:20–13:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27244 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasanta Pañcamī 2015 falls on Saturday 24 January. Pañcamī runs from 04:46 on Sat 24 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-25T23:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T18:57:00Z", "ms": 1422212219848.5034 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-26T22:22:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-26T17:22:22Z", "ms": 1422292941795.7615 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-25T23:57:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-25T18:57:00Z", "ms": 1422212219848.5034 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-26T22:22:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-26T17:22:22Z", "ms": 1422292941795.7615 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-26T05:32:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-26T00:32:15Z", "ms": 1422232334564.65 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-26T07:17:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-26T02:17:00Z", "ms": 1422238620471.38 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-27T05:32:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-27T00:32:05Z", "ms": 1422318724587.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-27T07:16:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-27T02:16:42Z", "ms": 1422325002128.8352 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:57 on Sun 25 Jan to 22:22 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-25T18:57:00Z → 2015-01-26T17:22:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:32–07:17 on the 26th, 05:32–07:17 on the 27th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 105 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ratha Saptamī 2015 falls on Monday 26 January. Saptamī runs from 23:57 on Sun 25 Jan to 22:22 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34264, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-29T21:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-29T16:06:57Z", "ms": 1422547616824.9668 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-30T21:44:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T16:44:11Z", "ms": 1422636251015.9448 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-29T21:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-29T16:06:57Z", "ms": 1422547616824.9668 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-30T21:44:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T16:44:11Z", "ms": 1422636251015.9448 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-30T07:15:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T02:15:39Z", "ms": 1422584138662.438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-30T07:15:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T02:15:39Z", "ms": 1422584138662.438 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-31T07:15:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T02:15:15Z", "ms": 1422670514747.574 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-31T07:15:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T02:15:15Z", "ms": 1422670514747.574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:07 on Thu 29 Jan to 21:44 on Fri 30 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-29T16:06:57Z → 2015-01-30T16:44:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:16 on the 30th and 07:15 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34264 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jayā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Friday 30 January. Ekādaśī runs from 21:07 on Thu 29 Jan to 21:44 on Fri 30 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-01-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30894, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-30T21:44:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T16:44:11Z", "ms": 1422636251015.9448 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-31T22:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T17:47:30Z", "ms": 1422726449986.2974 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-30T21:44:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T16:44:11Z", "ms": 1422636251015.9448 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-31T22:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T17:47:30Z", "ms": 1422726449986.2974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-30T12:21:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T07:21:17Z", "ms": 1422602477192.437 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-30T13:09:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-30T08:09:17Z", "ms": 1422605357192.437 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-31T12:21:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T07:21:27Z", "ms": 1422688886777.7036 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-31T13:09:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T08:09:27Z", "ms": 1422691766777.7036 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:44 on Fri 30 Jan to 22:47 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "2015-01-30T16:44:11Z → 2015-01-31T17:47:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:21–13:09 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30894 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Saturday 31 January. Dvādaśī runs from 21:44 on Fri 30 Jan to 22:47 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-02-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10078, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-01-31T22:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T17:47:30Z", "ms": 1422726449986.2974 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-02T00:14:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-01T19:14:10Z", "ms": 1422818050358.9924 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-01-31T22:47:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T17:47:30Z", "ms": 1422726449986.2974 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-02T00:14:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-01T19:14:10Z", "ms": 1422818050358.9924 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-01-31T18:15:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T13:15:39Z", "ms": 1422710138807.8335 }, "end": { "local": "2015-01-31T19:59:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-01-31T14:59:32Z", "ms": 1422716372231.2073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-01T18:16:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-01T13:16:22Z", "ms": 1422796581579.0037 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-01T20:00:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-01T15:00:06Z", "ms": 1422802805753.6675 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:47 on Sat 31 Jan to 00:14 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "2015-01-31T17:47:30Z → 2015-02-01T19:14:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–20:00 on the 31st, 18:16–20:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 31st and 104 of 104 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10078 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 1 February. Trayodaśī runs from 22:47 on Sat 31 Jan to 00:14 on Mon 2 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-02-03T02:02:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-02T21:02:00Z", "ms": 1422910919824.085 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-04T04:08:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-03T23:08:56Z", "ms": 1423004936309.8447 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-03T02:02:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-02T21:02:00Z", "ms": 1422910919824.085 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-04T04:08:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-03T23:08:56Z", "ms": 1423004936309.8447 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-03T12:21:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-03T07:21:51Z", "ms": 1422948110555.5415 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-03T13:09:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-03T08:09:51Z", "ms": 1422950990555.5415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-04T12:21:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-04T07:21:57Z", "ms": 1423034516835.9531 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-04T13:09:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-04T08:09:57Z", "ms": 1423037396835.9531 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Tue 3 Feb to 04:09 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-02T21:02:00Z → 2015-02-03T23:08:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 3rd, 12:22–13:10 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2015 falls on Tuesday 3 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Tue 3 Feb to 04:09 on Wed 4 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-02-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27435, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-07T11:51:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-07T06:51:02Z", "ms": 1423291861771.2876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-08T14:31:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-08T09:31:15Z", "ms": 1423387874646.2764 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-07T11:51:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-07T06:51:02Z", "ms": 1423291861771.2876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-08T14:31:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-08T09:31:15Z", "ms": 1423387874646.2764 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-07T21:18:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-07T16:18:40Z", "ms": 1423325919908.1677 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-07T21:18:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-07T16:18:40Z", "ms": 1423325919908.1677 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-08T22:08:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-08T17:08:29Z", "ms": 1423415309311.2131 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-08T22:08:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-08T17:08:29Z", "ms": 1423415309311.2131 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:51 on Sat 7 Feb to 14:31 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-07T06:51:02Z → 2015-02-08T09:31:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:19 on the 7th and 22:08 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27435 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Saturday 7 February. Caturthī runs from 11:51 on Sat 7 Feb to 14:31 on Sun 8 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38729, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-14T19:45:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-14T14:45:50Z", "ms": 1423925149888.913 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-15T17:52:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-15T12:52:15Z", "ms": 1424004735406.983 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-14T19:45:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-14T14:45:50Z", "ms": 1423925149888.913 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-15T17:52:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-15T12:52:15Z", "ms": 1424004735406.983 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-14T07:07:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-14T02:07:28Z", "ms": 1423879648104.3853 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-14T07:07:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-14T02:07:28Z", "ms": 1423879648104.3853 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-15T07:06:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-15T02:06:46Z", "ms": 1423966006285.779 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-15T07:06:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-15T02:06:46Z", "ms": 1423966006285.779 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:46 on Sat 14 Feb to 17:52 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-14T14:45:50Z → 2015-02-15T12:52:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 14th and 07:07 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 19:46 on Sat 14 Feb to 17:52 on Sun 15 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-02-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11407, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-16T15:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T10:16:12Z", "ms": 1424081772202.968 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-17T12:06:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T07:06:27Z", "ms": 1424156786767.3298 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-16T15:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T10:16:12Z", "ms": 1424081772202.968 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-17T12:06:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T07:06:27Z", "ms": 1424156786767.3298 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-16T18:26:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T13:26:19Z", "ms": 1424093178873.8364 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-16T20:07:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T15:07:31Z", "ms": 1424099250978.6877 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-17T18:26:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T13:26:55Z", "ms": 1424179615465.7766 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-17T20:07:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T15:07:57Z", "ms": 1424185676723.3777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:16 on Mon 16 Feb to 12:06 on Tue 17 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-16T10:16:12Z → 2015-02-17T07:06:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:08 on the 16th, 18:27–20:08 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 101 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11407 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Monday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Monday 16 February. Trayodaśī runs from 15:16 on Mon 16 Feb to 12:06 on Tue 17 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-02-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-17T12:06:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T07:06:27Z", "ms": 1424156786767.3298 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-18T08:33:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-18T03:33:11Z", "ms": 1424230390537.5994 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-17T12:06:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T07:06:27Z", "ms": 1424156786767.3298 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-18T08:33:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-18T03:33:11Z", "ms": 1424230390537.5994 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-17T00:21:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T19:21:49Z", "ms": 1424114509267.0288 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-17T01:09:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-16T20:09:49Z", "ms": 1424117389267.0288 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-18T00:21:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T19:21:45Z", "ms": 1424200905181.7808 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-18T01:09:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-17T20:09:45Z", "ms": 1424203785181.7808 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Feb to 08:33 on Wed 18 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-17T07:06:27Z → 2015-02-18T03:33:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:22–01:10 on the 16th, 00:22–01:10 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 26605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāśivarātri 2015 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Caturdaśī runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Feb to 08:33 on Wed 18 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-02-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7219, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-21T18:01:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-21T13:01:40Z", "ms": 1424523700224.9946 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-22T15:09:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-22T10:09:59Z", "ms": 1424599798523.6353 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-21T18:01:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-21T13:01:40Z", "ms": 1424523700224.9946 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-22T15:09:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-22T10:09:59Z", "ms": 1424599798523.6353 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-21T12:21:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-21T07:21:46Z", "ms": 1424503306274.6099 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-21T13:09:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-21T08:09:46Z", "ms": 1424506186274.6099 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-22T12:21:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-22T07:21:39Z", "ms": 1424589699280.15 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-22T13:09:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-22T08:09:39Z", "ms": 1424592579280.15 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:02 on Sat 21 Feb to 15:10 on Sun 22 Feb.", "fact": "2015-02-21T13:01:40Z → 2015-02-22T10:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 21st, 12:22–13:10 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7219 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Sunday 22 February. Caturthī runs from 18:02 on Sat 21 Feb to 15:10 on Sun 22 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17863, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-02-28T11:54:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-28T06:54:02Z", "ms": 1425106442003.5054 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-01T13:32:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-01T08:32:44Z", "ms": 1425198764090.7761 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-02-28T11:54:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-28T06:54:02Z", "ms": 1425106442003.5054 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-01T13:32:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-01T08:32:44Z", "ms": 1425198764090.7761 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-02-28T06:56:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-28T01:56:19Z", "ms": 1425088579322.5093 }, "end": { "local": "2015-02-28T06:56:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-02-28T01:56:19Z", "ms": 1425088579322.5093 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-01T06:55:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-01T01:55:26Z", "ms": 1425174925512.667 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-01T06:55:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-01T01:55:26Z", "ms": 1425174925512.667 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:54 on Sat 28 Feb to 13:33 on Sun 1 Mar.", "fact": "2015-02-28T06:54:02Z → 2015-03-01T08:32:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:56 on the 28th and 06:55 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17863 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 1 March. Ekādaśī runs from 11:54 on Sat 28 Feb to 13:33 on Sun 1 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-03-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-02T15:35:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-02T10:35:34Z", "ms": 1425292533771.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-03T17:56:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-03T12:56:00Z", "ms": 1425387360167.5645 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-02T15:35:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-02T10:35:34Z", "ms": 1425292533771.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-03T17:56:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-03T12:56:00Z", "ms": 1425387360167.5645 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-02T18:34:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-02T13:34:12Z", "ms": 1425303251622.5173 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-02T20:12:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-02T15:12:47Z", "ms": 1425309166864.1091 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-03T18:34:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-03T13:34:42Z", "ms": 1425389682280.88 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-03T20:13:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-03T15:13:06Z", "ms": 1425395586006.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:36 on Mon 2 Mar to 17:56 on Tue 3 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-02T10:35:34Z → 2015-03-03T12:56:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:13 on the 2nd, 18:35–20:13 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 98 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2322 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Monday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Monday 2 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:36 on Mon 2 Mar to 17:56 on Tue 3 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T20:27:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z", "ms": 1425482873778.05 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T20:27:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z", "ms": 1425482873778.05 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T16:14:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T11:14:42Z", "ms": 1425467682105.5684 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-04T18:35:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T13:35:13Z", "ms": 1425476112575.7822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-05T16:14:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T11:14:55Z", "ms": 1425554094805.026 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T18:35:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T13:35:43Z", "ms": 1425562542521.0923 } }, "covered_min": 141, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:28 on Wed 4 Mar to 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z → 2015-03-05T18:05:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:15–18:35 on the 4th, 16:15–18:36 on the 5th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 141 minutes on the 4th and 141 of 141 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holikā Dahana 2015 falls on Thursday 5 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:28 on Wed 4 Mar to 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T20:27:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z", "ms": 1425482873778.05 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T20:27:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z", "ms": 1425482873778.05 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-04T16:14:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T11:14:42Z", "ms": 1425467682105.5684 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-04T18:35:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-04T13:35:13Z", "ms": 1425476112575.7822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-05T16:14:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T11:14:55Z", "ms": 1425554094805.026 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-05T18:35:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T13:35:43Z", "ms": 1425562542521.0923 } }, "covered_min": 141, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2015-03-05", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:28 on Wed 4 Mar to 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-04T15:27:54Z → 2015-03-05T18:05:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:15–18:35 on the 4th, 16:15–18:36 on the 5th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 141 minutes on the 4th and 141 of 141 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6761 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 5 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Holī 2015 falls on Friday 6 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 5 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:28 on Wed 4 Mar to 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 5th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-07T01:42:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-06T20:42:41Z", "ms": 1425674561474.985 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-05T23:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z", "ms": 1425578724247.3608 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-07T01:42:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-06T20:42:41Z", "ms": 1425674561474.985 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-06T06:50:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-06T01:50:47Z", "ms": 1425606647112.4287 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-06T06:50:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-06T01:50:47Z", "ms": 1425606647112.4287 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-07T06:49:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-07T01:49:50Z", "ms": 1425692989770.1184 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-07T06:49:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-07T01:49:50Z", "ms": 1425692989770.1184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar to 01:43 on Sat 7 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-05T18:05:24Z → 2015-03-06T20:42:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:51 on the 6th and 06:50 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Karachi, 2015: Friday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vasantotsava 2015 falls on Friday 6 March. Pratipadā runs from 23:05 on Thu 5 Mar to 01:43 on Sat 7 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-03-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-09T06:30:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-09T01:30:59Z", "ms": 1425864659083.9158 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-10T08:27:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-10T03:27:33Z", "ms": 1425958052578.8125 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-09T06:30:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-09T01:30:59Z", "ms": 1425864659083.9158 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-10T08:27:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-10T03:27:33Z", "ms": 1425958052578.8125 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-08T20:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-08T15:54:57Z", "ms": 1425830096658.8345 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-08T20:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-08T15:54:57Z", "ms": 1425830096658.8345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-09T21:46:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-09T16:46:08Z", "ms": 1425919567887.7393 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-09T21:46:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-09T16:46:08Z", "ms": 1425919567887.7393 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:31 on Mon 9 Mar to 08:28 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-09T01:30:59Z → 2015-03-10T03:27:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 8th and 21:46 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Monday 9 March. Caturthī runs from 06:31 on Mon 9 Mar to 08:28 on Tue 10 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-13T10:58:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-13T05:58:53Z", "ms": 1426226332693.654 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-14T10:25:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-14T05:25:44Z", "ms": 1426310744082.3574 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-13T10:58:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-13T05:58:53Z", "ms": 1426226332693.654 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-14T10:25:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-14T05:25:44Z", "ms": 1426310744082.3574 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-13T12:17:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-13T07:17:44Z", "ms": 1426231063934.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-13T13:05:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-13T08:05:44Z", "ms": 1426233943934.0483 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-14T12:17:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-14T07:17:28Z", "ms": 1426317447614.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-14T13:05:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-14T08:05:28Z", "ms": 1426320327614.5608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:59 on Fri 13 Mar to 10:26 on Sat 14 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-13T05:58:53Z → 2015-03-14T05:25:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 13th, 12:17–13:05 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalāṣṭamī 2015 falls on Friday 13 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:59 on Fri 13 Mar to 10:26 on Sat 14 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-16T07:08:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T02:08:25Z", "ms": 1426471705314.508 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-17T04:31:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T23:31:53Z", "ms": 1426548713477.5005 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-16T07:08:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T02:08:25Z", "ms": 1426471705314.508 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-17T04:31:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T23:31:53Z", "ms": 1426548713477.5005 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-16T06:40:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T01:40:55Z", "ms": 1426470055424.0652 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-16T06:40:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-16T01:40:55Z", "ms": 1426470055424.0652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-17T06:39:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T01:39:55Z", "ms": 1426556394551.271 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-17T06:39:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T01:39:55Z", "ms": 1426556394551.271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:08 on Mon 16 Mar to 04:32 on Tue 17 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-16T02:08:25Z → 2015-03-16T23:31:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:41 on the 16th and 06:40 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Monday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 07:08 on Mon 16 Mar to 04:32 on Tue 17 Mar, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-03-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6031, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-18T01:25:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T20:25:31Z", "ms": 1426623931305.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-18T21:57:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1426697866961.2903 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-18T01:25:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T20:25:31Z", "ms": 1426623931305.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-18T21:57:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1426697866961.2903 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-17T18:41:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T13:41:20Z", "ms": 1426599680029.6033 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-17T20:17:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-17T15:17:00Z", "ms": 1426605420489.3115 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-18T18:41:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T13:41:47Z", "ms": 1426686106769.094 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-18T20:17:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T15:17:15Z", "ms": 1426691835496.7566 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:26 on Wed 18 Mar to 21:58 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-17T20:25:31Z → 2015-03-18T16:57:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:17 on the 17th, 18:42–20:17 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 17th and 95 of 95 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6031 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Trayodaśī runs from 01:26 on Wed 18 Mar to 21:58 on Wed 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-03-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-18T21:57:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1426697866961.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-19T18:18:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-19T13:18:03Z", "ms": 1426771083024.1482 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-18T21:57:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1426697866961.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-19T18:18:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-19T13:18:03Z", "ms": 1426771083024.1482 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-19T00:15:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T19:15:49Z", "ms": 1426706149497.829 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-19T01:03:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-18T20:03:49Z", "ms": 1426709029497.829 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-20T00:15:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-19T19:15:32Z", "ms": 1426792532085.932 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-20T01:03:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-19T20:03:32Z", "ms": 1426795412085.932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:58 on Wed 18 Mar to 18:18 on Thu 19 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-18T16:57:47Z → 2015-03-19T13:18:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:16–01:04 on the 18th, 00:16–01:04 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Caturdaśī runs from 21:58 on Wed 18 Mar to 18:18 on Thu 19 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4397, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-20T14:36:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-20T09:36:11Z", "ms": 1426844171167.5781 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-21T11:02:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-21T06:02:11Z", "ms": 1426917731036.7312 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-20T14:36:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-20T09:36:11Z", "ms": 1426844171167.5781 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-21T11:02:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-21T06:02:11Z", "ms": 1426917731036.7312 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-20T12:15:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-20T07:15:45Z", "ms": 1426835745301.4192 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-20T13:03:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-20T08:03:45Z", "ms": 1426838625301.4192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-21T12:15:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-21T07:15:28Z", "ms": 1426922127677.4912 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-21T13:03:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-21T08:03:28Z", "ms": 1426925007677.4912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:36 on Fri 20 Mar to 11:02 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-20T09:36:11Z → 2015-03-21T06:02:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 20th, 12:15–13:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 4397 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Karachi, 2015: Saturday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2015 falls on Saturday 21 March. Pratipadā runs from 14:36 on Fri 20 Mar to 11:02 on Sat 21 Mar, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16159, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T07:45:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z", "ms": 1426992350507.3252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T07:45:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z", "ms": 1426992350507.3252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T12:15:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T07:15:10Z", "ms": 1427008509931.706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-22T13:03:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T08:03:10Z", "ms": 1427011389931.706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-23T12:14:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T07:14:52Z", "ms": 1427094892079.706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T13:02:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T08:02:52Z", "ms": 1427097772079.706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:46 on Sun 22 Mar to 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z → 2015-03-22T23:56:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 22nd, 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16159 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2015 falls on Sunday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:46 on Sun 22 Mar to 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16159, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T07:45:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z", "ms": 1426992350507.3252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T07:45:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z", "ms": 1426992350507.3252 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-22T12:15:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T07:15:10Z", "ms": 1427008509931.706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-22T13:03:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T08:03:10Z", "ms": 1427011389931.706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-23T12:14:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T07:14:52Z", "ms": 1427094892079.706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T13:02:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T08:02:52Z", "ms": 1427097772079.706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:46 on Sun 22 Mar to 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-22T02:45:51Z → 2015-03-22T23:56:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 22nd, 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16159 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:46 on Sun 22 Mar to 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-03-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-24T02:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T21:42:05Z", "ms": 1427146924522.7866 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-23T04:56:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z", "ms": 1427068583833.7993 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-24T02:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T21:42:05Z", "ms": 1427146924522.7866 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-23T12:14:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T07:14:52Z", "ms": 1427094892079.706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-23T13:02:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T08:02:52Z", "ms": 1427097772079.706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-24T12:14:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T07:14:34Z", "ms": 1427181274138.023 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-24T13:02:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T08:02:34Z", "ms": 1427184154138.023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar to 02:42 on Tue 24 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-22T23:56:24Z → 2015-03-23T21:42:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd, 12:15–13:03 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Monday 23 March. Caturthī runs from 04:56 on Mon 23 Mar to 02:42 on Tue 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-24T02:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T21:42:05Z", "ms": 1427146924522.7866 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-25T01:09:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T20:09:31Z", "ms": 1427227771323.4487 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-24T02:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-23T21:42:05Z", "ms": 1427146924522.7866 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-25T01:09:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T20:09:31Z", "ms": 1427227771323.4487 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-24T12:14:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T07:14:34Z", "ms": 1427181274138.023 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-24T13:02:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-24T08:02:34Z", "ms": 1427184154138.023 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-25T12:14:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-25T07:14:16Z", "ms": 1427267656124.2346 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-25T13:02:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-25T08:02:16Z", "ms": 1427270536124.2346 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:42 on Tue 24 Mar to 01:10 on Wed 25 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-23T21:42:05Z → 2015-03-24T20:09:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 24th, 12:14–13:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2015 falls on Tuesday 24 March. Pañcamī runs from 02:42 on Tue 24 Mar to 01:10 on Wed 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-27T00:24:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-26T19:24:29Z", "ms": 1427397868845.1548 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-28T01:11:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T20:11:43Z", "ms": 1427487103139.0623 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-27T00:24:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-26T19:24:29Z", "ms": 1427397868845.1548 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-28T01:11:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T20:11:43Z", "ms": 1427487103139.0623 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-27T12:13:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T07:13:40Z", "ms": 1427440419955.5835 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-27T13:01:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T08:01:40Z", "ms": 1427443299955.5835 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-28T12:13:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T07:13:22Z", "ms": 1427526801840.3286 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-28T13:01:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T08:01:22Z", "ms": 1427529681840.3286 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:24 on Fri 27 Mar to 01:12 on Sat 28 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-26T19:24:29Z → 2015-03-27T20:11:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 27th, 12:13–13:01 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Karachi, 2015: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bhavānī Utpatti 2015 falls on Friday 27 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:24 on Fri 27 Mar to 01:12 on Sat 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-28T01:11:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T20:11:43Z", "ms": 1427487103139.0623 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-29T02:39:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T21:39:41Z", "ms": 1427578780628.136 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-28T01:11:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-27T20:11:43Z", "ms": 1427487103139.0623 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-29T02:39:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T21:39:41Z", "ms": 1427578780628.136 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-28T12:13:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T07:13:22Z", "ms": 1427526801840.3286 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-28T13:01:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-28T08:01:22Z", "ms": 1427529681840.3286 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-29T12:13:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-29T07:13:04Z", "ms": 1427613183731.8289 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-29T13:01:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-29T08:01:04Z", "ms": 1427616063731.8289 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 01:12 on Sat 28 Mar to 02:40 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-27T20:11:43Z → 2015-03-28T21:39:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāma Navamī 2015 falls on Saturday 28 March. Navamī runs from 01:12 on Sat 28 Mar to 02:40 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2284, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-03-30T04:40:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-29T23:40:17Z", "ms": 1427672417177.9631 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-31T07:03:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-31T02:03:36Z", "ms": 1427767415950.449 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-03-30T04:40:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-29T23:40:17Z", "ms": 1427672417177.9631 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-31T07:03:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-31T02:03:36Z", "ms": 1427767415950.449 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-30T06:26:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-30T01:26:33Z", "ms": 1427678793397.3508 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-30T06:26:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-30T01:26:33Z", "ms": 1427678793397.3508 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-03-31T06:25:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-31T01:25:32Z", "ms": 1427765131875.2957 }, "end": { "local": "2015-03-31T06:25:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-03-31T01:25:32Z", "ms": 1427765131875.2957 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:40 on Mon 30 Mar to 07:04 on Tue 31 Mar.", "fact": "2015-03-29T23:40:17Z → 2015-03-31T02:03:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 30th and 06:26 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2284 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Tuesday 31 March. Ekādaśī runs from 04:40 on Mon 30 Mar to 07:04 on Tue 31 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T09:39:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z", "ms": 1427863143510.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T09:39:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z", "ms": 1427863143510.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T12:12:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T07:12:10Z", "ms": 1427872329658.58 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-01T13:00:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T08:00:10Z", "ms": 1427875209658.58 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:11:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:11:52Z", "ms": 1427958711789.8916 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:59:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:59:52Z", "ms": 1427961591789.8916 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Wed 1 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z → 2015-04-02T07:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 1st, 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 5 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 289 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2015 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Wed 1 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 5 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken. It is 4 min 49 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-04-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T09:39:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z", "ms": 1427863143510.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T09:39:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z", "ms": 1427863143510.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-01T18:47:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T13:47:49Z", "ms": 1427896068814.9973 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-01T20:20:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-01T15:20:34Z", "ms": 1427901634213.8025 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-02T18:48:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T13:48:14Z", "ms": 1427982494273.748 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T20:20:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T15:20:48Z", "ms": 1427988048145.965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Wed 1 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-01T04:39:04Z → 2015-04-02T07:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:48–20:21 on the 1st, 18:48–20:21 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 93 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Wed 1 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-04-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-03T14:47:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T09:47:50Z", "ms": 1428054469733.4604 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1427959000539.022 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-03T14:47:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T09:47:50Z", "ms": 1428054469733.4604 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:11:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:11:52Z", "ms": 1427958711789.8916 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-02T12:59:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-02T07:59:52Z", "ms": 1427961591789.8916 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-03T12:11:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T07:11:34Z", "ms": 1428045094035.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-03T12:59:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T07:59:34Z", "ms": 1428047974035.3706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr to 14:48 on Fri 3 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-02T07:16:41Z → 2015-04-03T09:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd, 12:12–13:00 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 43 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 289 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2015 falls on Friday 3 April. Caturdaśī runs from 12:17 on Thu 2 Apr to 14:48 on Fri 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 43 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken. It is 4 min 49 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-04-03T14:47:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T09:47:50Z", "ms": 1428054469733.4604 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-04T17:05:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-04T12:05:34Z", "ms": 1428149134403.3533 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-03T14:47:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T09:47:50Z", "ms": 1428054469733.4604 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-04T17:05:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-04T12:05:34Z", "ms": 1428149134403.3533 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-03T12:11:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T07:11:34Z", "ms": 1428045094035.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-03T12:59:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-03T07:59:34Z", "ms": 1428047974035.3706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-04T12:11:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-04T07:11:16Z", "ms": 1428131476416.876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-04T12:59:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-04T07:59:16Z", "ms": 1428134356416.876 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Fri 3 Apr to 17:06 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-03T09:47:50Z → 2015-04-04T12:05:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 3rd, 12:11–12:59 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2015 falls on Saturday 4 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Fri 3 Apr to 17:06 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-04-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 601, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-07T21:50:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-07T16:50:30Z", "ms": 1428425429740.7908 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-08T22:31:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-08T17:31:35Z", "ms": 1428514295254.574 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-07T21:50:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-07T16:50:30Z", "ms": 1428425429740.7908 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-08T22:31:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-08T17:31:35Z", "ms": 1428514295254.574 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-07T21:27:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-07T16:27:39Z", "ms": 1428424059396.683 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-07T21:27:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-07T16:27:39Z", "ms": 1428424059396.683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-08T22:21:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-08T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1428513693769.798 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-08T22:21:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-08T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1428513693769.798 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Tue 7 Apr to 22:32 on Wed 8 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-07T16:50:30Z → 2015-04-08T17:31:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:28 on the 7th and 22:22 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 601 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Tue 7 Apr to 22:32 on Wed 8 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25526, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T13:17:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T08:17:05Z", "ms": 1428999425034.1904 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-15T10:07:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T05:07:38Z", "ms": 1431666458431.8691 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T13:17:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T08:17:05Z", "ms": 1428999425034.1904 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-14T13:17:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T08:17:05Z", "ms": 1428999425034.1904 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-13T06:12:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-13T01:12:36Z", "ms": 1428887555958.617 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-14T06:11:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T01:11:39Z", "ms": 1428973899088.9438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T06:11:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T01:11:39Z", "ms": 1428973899088.9438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-15T06:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-15T01:10:43Z", "ms": 1429060242753.7847 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 13:17 on Tue 14 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-14T08:17:05Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:13 on the 13th, and from 06:12 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 25526 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2015-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2015-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaiśākhī 2015 falls on Tuesday 14 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 13:17 on Tue 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-04-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23601, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T15:32:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T10:32:33Z", "ms": 1429007552609.3567 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-15T12:44:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-15T07:44:04Z", "ms": 1429083844225.5374 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T15:32:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T10:32:33Z", "ms": 1429007552609.3567 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-15T12:44:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-15T07:44:04Z", "ms": 1429083844225.5374 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-14T06:11:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T01:11:39Z", "ms": 1428973899088.9438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-14T06:11:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-14T01:11:39Z", "ms": 1428973899088.9438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-15T06:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-15T01:10:43Z", "ms": 1429060242753.7847 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-15T06:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-15T01:10:43Z", "ms": 1429060242753.7847 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:33 on Tue 14 Apr to 12:44 on Wed 15 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-14T10:32:33Z → 2015-04-15T07:44:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 14th and 06:11 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23601 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Wednesday 15 April. Ekādaśī runs from 15:33 on Tue 14 Apr to 12:44 on Wed 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-16T09:38:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T04:38:48Z", "ms": 1429159128439.2666 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-17T06:23:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T01:23:48Z", "ms": 1429233827626.6528 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-16T09:38:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T04:38:48Z", "ms": 1429159128439.2666 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-17T06:23:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T01:23:48Z", "ms": 1429233827626.6528 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-16T18:54:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T13:54:19Z", "ms": 1429192459417.8213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-16T20:24:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T15:24:16Z", "ms": 1429197855732.4058 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-17T18:54:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T13:54:47Z", "ms": 1429278886553.6506 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-17T20:24:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T15:24:32Z", "ms": 1429284271970.1687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Thu 16 Apr to 06:24 on Fri 17 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-16T04:38:48Z → 2015-04-17T01:23:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:24 on the 16th, 18:55–20:25 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 90 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Thursday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 09:39 on Thu 16 Apr to 06:24 on Fri 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-04-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-17T06:23:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T01:23:48Z", "ms": 1429233827626.6528 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-18T03:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T22:06:57Z", "ms": 1429308417223.3777 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-17T06:23:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T01:23:48Z", "ms": 1429233827626.6528 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-18T03:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T22:06:57Z", "ms": 1429308417223.3777 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-17T00:07:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T19:07:36Z", "ms": 1429211255597.5132 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-17T00:55:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-16T19:55:36Z", "ms": 1429214135597.5132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-18T00:07:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T19:07:22Z", "ms": 1429297641865.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-18T00:55:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-17T19:55:22Z", "ms": 1429300521865.5933 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:24 on Fri 17 Apr to 03:07 on Sat 18 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-17T01:23:48Z → 2015-04-17T22:06:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 16th, 00:07–00:55 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Friday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Friday 17 April. Caturdaśī runs from 06:24 on Fri 17 Apr to 03:07 on Sat 18 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-04-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T18:32:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z", "ms": 1429536755646.397 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T18:32:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z", "ms": 1429536755646.397 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T18:56:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T13:56:09Z", "ms": 1429538168962.1716 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-20T20:25:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T15:25:22Z", "ms": 1429543522055.9878 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-21T18:56:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T13:56:37Z", "ms": 1429624596759.4202 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T20:25:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T15:25:39Z", "ms": 1429629939212.1914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:33 on Mon 20 Apr to 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z → 2015-04-21T11:35:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:25 on the 20th, 18:57–20:26 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 89 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2015 falls on Monday 20 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:33 on Mon 20 Apr to 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22404, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T18:32:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z", "ms": 1429536755646.397 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T18:32:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z", "ms": 1429536755646.397 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-20T06:06:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T01:06:10Z", "ms": 1429491969852.7546 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-20T10:22:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-20T05:22:50Z", "ms": 1429507369555.8936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 257, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-21T06:05:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T01:05:17Z", "ms": 1429578317165.793 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T10:22:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T05:22:24Z", "ms": 1429593743697.002 } }, "covered_min": 257, "window_min": 257, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:33 on Mon 20 Apr to 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-20T13:32:36Z → 2015-04-21T11:35:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:06–10:23 on the 20th, 06:05–10:22 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 257 minutes on the 20th and 257 of 257 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22404 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 2015 falls on Tuesday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:33 on Mon 20 Apr to 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-04-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8671, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-22T15:19:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T10:19:16Z", "ms": 1429697955928.3333 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-21T16:35:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z", "ms": 1429616147228.6677 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-22T15:19:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T10:19:16Z", "ms": 1429697955928.3333 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-21T12:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T07:06:57Z", "ms": 1429600016962.6064 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-21T12:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-21T07:54:57Z", "ms": 1429602896962.6064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-22T12:06:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T07:06:45Z", "ms": 1429686404936.1743 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-22T12:54:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T07:54:45Z", "ms": 1429689284936.1743 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr to 15:19 on Wed 22 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-21T11:35:47Z → 2015-04-22T10:19:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 21st, 12:07–12:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8671 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Wednesday 22 April. Caturthī runs from 16:36 on Tue 21 Apr to 15:19 on Wed 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6823, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-22T15:19:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T10:19:16Z", "ms": 1429697955928.3333 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-23T14:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-23T09:48:16Z", "ms": 1429782496015.3337 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-22T15:19:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T10:19:16Z", "ms": 1429697955928.3333 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-23T14:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-23T09:48:16Z", "ms": 1429782496015.3337 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-22T12:06:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T07:06:45Z", "ms": 1429686404936.1743 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-22T12:54:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-22T07:54:45Z", "ms": 1429689284936.1743 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-23T12:06:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-23T07:06:33Z", "ms": 1429772793337.5405 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-23T12:54:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-23T07:54:33Z", "ms": 1429775673337.5405 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:19 on Wed 22 Apr to 14:48 on Thu 23 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-22T10:19:16Z → 2015-04-23T09:48:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 22nd, 12:07–12:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6823 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śaṅkara Jayantī 2015 falls on Thursday 23 April. Pañcamī runs from 15:19 on Wed 22 Apr to 14:48 on Thu 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-24T15:05:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-24T10:05:03Z", "ms": 1429869902930.3418 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-25T16:08:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-25T11:08:02Z", "ms": 1429960081610.5745 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-24T15:05:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-24T10:05:03Z", "ms": 1429869902930.3418 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-25T16:08:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-25T11:08:02Z", "ms": 1429960081610.5745 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-24T12:06:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-24T07:06:22Z", "ms": 1429859182176.606 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-24T12:54:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-24T07:54:22Z", "ms": 1429862062176.606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-25T12:06:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-25T07:06:11Z", "ms": 1429945571463.6816 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-25T12:54:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-25T07:54:11Z", "ms": 1429948451463.6816 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:05 on Fri 24 Apr to 16:08 on Sat 25 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-24T10:05:03Z → 2015-04-25T11:08:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 24th, 12:06–12:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2015 falls on Saturday 25 April. Saptamī runs from 15:05 on Fri 24 Apr to 16:08 on Sat 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-04-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-28T22:36:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-28T17:36:36Z", "ms": 1430242595872.6677 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-28T22:36:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-28T17:36:36Z", "ms": 1430242595872.6677 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-29T05:58:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T00:58:42Z", "ms": 1430269121803.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-29T05:58:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T00:58:42Z", "ms": 1430269121803.3276 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T05:57:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T00:57:56Z", "ms": 1430355475979.0784 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T05:57:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T00:57:56Z", "ms": 1430355475979.0784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:37 on Tue 28 Apr to 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr.", "fact": "2015-04-28T17:36:36Z → 2015-04-29T20:12:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:59 on the 29th and 05:58 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Wednesday 29 April. Ekādaśī runs from 22:37 on Tue 28 Apr to 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-04-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30371, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T12:05:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T07:05:25Z", "ms": 1430377524990.4917 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T12:53:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T07:53:25Z", "ms": 1430380404990.4917 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T12:05:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T07:05:17Z", "ms": 1430463917187.811 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T12:53:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T07:53:17Z", "ms": 1430466797187.811 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:39 on Fri 1 May.", "fact": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z → 2015-04-30T22:39:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 30th, 12:05–12:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30371 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 30 April. Dvādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:39 on Fri 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30371, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T01:12:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z", "ms": 1430338330711.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T12:05:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T07:05:25Z", "ms": 1430377524990.4917 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T12:53:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T07:53:25Z", "ms": 1430380404990.4917 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T12:05:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T07:05:17Z", "ms": 1430463917187.811 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T12:53:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T07:53:17Z", "ms": 1430466797187.811 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:39 on Fri 1 May.", "fact": "2015-04-29T20:12:11Z → 2015-04-30T22:39:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 30th, 12:05–12:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30371 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 30 April. Dvādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:39 on Fri 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25842, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-02T05:47:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T00:47:09Z", "ms": 1430527629448.2705 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T03:39:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z", "ms": 1430433546259.7656 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-02T05:47:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T00:47:09Z", "ms": 1430527629448.2705 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-04-30T19:00:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T14:00:54Z", "ms": 1430402454001.9053 }, "end": { "local": "2015-04-30T20:28:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-04-30T15:28:24Z", "ms": 1430407704272.145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T19:01:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T14:01:23Z", "ms": 1430488883346.9182 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T20:28:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T15:28:44Z", "ms": 1430494123830.5977 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:39 on Fri 1 May to 05:47 on Sat 2 May.", "fact": "2015-04-30T22:39:06Z → 2015-05-02T00:47:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:28 on the 30th, 19:01–20:29 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 30th and 87 of 87 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25842 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Friday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Friday 1 May. Trayodaśī runs from 03:39 on Fri 1 May to 05:47 on Sat 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-02T05:47:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T00:47:09Z", "ms": 1430527629448.2705 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-02T05:47:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T00:47:09Z", "ms": 1430527629448.2705 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-01T19:01:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T14:01:23Z", "ms": 1430488883346.9182 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-01T20:28:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-01T15:28:44Z", "ms": 1430494123830.5977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-02T19:01:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T14:01:53Z", "ms": 1430575312838.0278 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-02T20:29:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-02T15:29:04Z", "ms": 1430580543638.1594 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:47 on Sat 2 May to 07:29 on Sun 3 May.", "fact": "2015-05-02T00:47:09Z → 2015-05-03T02:29:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:29 on the 1st, 19:02–20:29 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 1st and 87 of 87 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2015 falls on Saturday 2 May. Caturdaśī runs from 05:47 on Sat 2 May to 07:29 on Sun 3 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T08:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T03:42:05Z", "ms": 1430710925102.6816 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T08:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T03:42:05Z", "ms": 1430710925102.6816 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T12:05:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T07:05:03Z", "ms": 1430636703155.8008 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-03T12:53:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T07:53:03Z", "ms": 1430639583155.8008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-04T12:04:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T07:04:57Z", "ms": 1430723096945.9275 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T12:52:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T07:52:57Z", "ms": 1430725976945.9275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:29 on Sun 3 May to 08:42 on Mon 4 May.", "fact": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z → 2015-05-04T03:42:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 3rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12172 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Buddha Pūrṇimā 2015 falls on Sunday 3 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:29 on Sun 3 May to 08:42 on Mon 4 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T08:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T03:42:05Z", "ms": 1430710925102.6816 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T07:29:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z", "ms": 1430620163052.9329 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T08:42:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T03:42:05Z", "ms": 1430710925102.6816 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-03T12:05:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T07:05:03Z", "ms": 1430636703155.8008 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-03T12:53:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-03T07:53:03Z", "ms": 1430639583155.8008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-04T12:04:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T07:04:57Z", "ms": 1430723096945.9275 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-04T12:52:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-04T07:52:57Z", "ms": 1430725976945.9275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:29 on Sun 3 May to 08:42 on Mon 4 May.", "fact": "2015-05-03T02:29:23Z → 2015-05-04T03:42:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 3rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12172 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 3 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:29 on Sun 3 May to 08:42 on Mon 4 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-05-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-07T09:21:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-07T04:21:51Z", "ms": 1430972510880.8904 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-08T08:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-08T03:41:44Z", "ms": 1431056503642.972 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-07T09:21:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-07T04:21:51Z", "ms": 1430972510880.8904 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-08T08:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-08T03:41:44Z", "ms": 1431056503642.972 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-06T21:11:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-06T16:11:28Z", "ms": 1430928688079.07 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-06T21:11:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-06T16:11:28Z", "ms": 1430928688079.07 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-07T22:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-07T17:05:43Z", "ms": 1431018342700.5251 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-07T22:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-07T17:05:43Z", "ms": 1431018342700.5251 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:22 on Thu 7 May to 08:42 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "2015-05-07T04:21:51Z → 2015-05-08T03:41:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:11 on the 6th and 22:06 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Thursday 7 May. Caturthī runs from 09:22 on Thu 7 May to 08:42 on Fri 8 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-13T21:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-13T16:54:57Z", "ms": 1431536097179.3875 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-14T19:19:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-14T14:19:52Z", "ms": 1431613192023.8672 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-13T21:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-13T16:54:57Z", "ms": 1431536097179.3875 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-14T19:19:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-14T14:19:52Z", "ms": 1431613192023.8672 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-14T05:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-14T00:48:56Z", "ms": 1431564536053.1929 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-14T05:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-14T00:48:56Z", "ms": 1431564536053.1929 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-15T05:48:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T00:48:26Z", "ms": 1431650905527.3896 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-15T05:48:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T00:48:26Z", "ms": 1431650905527.3896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:55 on Wed 13 May to 19:20 on Thu 14 May.", "fact": "2015-05-13T16:54:57Z → 2015-05-14T14:19:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:49 on the 14th and 05:48 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28439 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aparā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 21:55 on Wed 13 May to 19:20 on Thu 14 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8898, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-15T16:40:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T11:40:09Z", "ms": 1431690008695.7078 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-16T14:01:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T09:01:17Z", "ms": 1431766877220.331 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-15T16:40:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T11:40:09Z", "ms": 1431690008695.7078 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-16T14:01:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T09:01:17Z", "ms": 1431766877220.331 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-15T19:08:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T14:08:27Z", "ms": 1431698907118.755 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-15T20:33:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-15T15:33:43Z", "ms": 1431704022989.8677 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-16T19:08:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T14:08:58Z", "ms": 1431785337917.2708 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-16T20:34:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T15:34:06Z", "ms": 1431790445919.609 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:40 on Fri 15 May to 14:01 on Sat 16 May.", "fact": "2015-05-15T11:40:09Z → 2015-05-16T09:01:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:08–20:34 on the 15th, 19:09–20:34 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 85 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8898 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Friday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Friday 15 May. Trayodaśī runs from 16:40 on Fri 15 May to 14:01 on Sat 16 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-05-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36176, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-16T14:01:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T09:01:17Z", "ms": 1431766877220.331 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-17T11:29:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-17T06:29:51Z", "ms": 1431844191081.625 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-16T14:01:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T09:01:17Z", "ms": 1431766877220.331 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-17T11:29:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-17T06:29:51Z", "ms": 1431844191081.625 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-17T00:04:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T19:04:13Z", "ms": 1431803052926.039 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-17T00:52:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-16T19:52:13Z", "ms": 1431805932926.039 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-18T00:04:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-17T19:04:15Z", "ms": 1431889454788.1372 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-18T00:52:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-17T19:52:15Z", "ms": 1431892334788.1372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:01 on Sat 16 May to 11:30 on Sun 17 May.", "fact": "2015-05-16T09:01:17Z → 2015-05-17T06:29:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 16th, 00:04–00:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36176 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Saturday 16 May. Caturdaśī runs from 14:01 on Sat 16 May to 11:30 on Sun 17 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-05-20T05:55:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-20T00:55:56Z", "ms": 1432083355896.4631 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-21T05:09:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T00:09:56Z", "ms": 1432166996487.9978 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-20T05:55:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-20T00:55:56Z", "ms": 1432083355896.4631 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-21T05:09:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T00:09:56Z", "ms": 1432166996487.9978 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-20T12:04:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-20T07:04:35Z", "ms": 1432105475468.0527 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-20T12:52:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-20T07:52:35Z", "ms": 1432108355468.0527 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-21T12:04:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T07:04:39Z", "ms": 1432191878921.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-21T12:52:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T07:52:39Z", "ms": 1432194758921.3276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:56 on Wed 20 May to 05:10 on Thu 21 May.", "fact": "2015-05-20T00:55:56Z → 2015-05-21T00:09:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 20th, 12:05–12:53 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2015 falls on Wednesday 20 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:56 on Wed 20 May to 05:10 on Thu 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-05-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24882, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-21T05:09:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T00:09:56Z", "ms": 1432166996487.9978 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-22T05:06:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-22T00:06:25Z", "ms": 1432253184989.6191 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-21T05:09:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T00:09:56Z", "ms": 1432166996487.9978 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-22T05:06:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-22T00:06:25Z", "ms": 1432253184989.6191 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-21T12:04:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T07:04:39Z", "ms": 1432191878921.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-21T12:52:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-21T07:52:39Z", "ms": 1432194758921.3276 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-22T12:04:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-22T07:04:43Z", "ms": 1432278282890.9536 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-22T12:52:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-22T07:52:43Z", "ms": 1432281162890.9536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Thu 21 May to 05:06 on Fri 22 May.", "fact": "2015-05-21T00:09:56Z → 2015-05-22T00:06:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 21st, 12:05–12:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24882 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Thursday 21 May. Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Thu 21 May to 05:06 on Fri 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T05:47:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z", "ms": 1432342042423.8088 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T07:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T02:10:43Z", "ms": 1432433442547.526 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T05:47:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z", "ms": 1432342042423.8088 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T07:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T02:10:43Z", "ms": 1432433442547.526 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T12:04:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T07:04:47Z", "ms": 1432364687366.1943 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-23T12:52:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T07:52:47Z", "ms": 1432367567366.1943 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-24T12:04:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T07:04:52Z", "ms": 1432451092336.353 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T12:52:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T07:52:52Z", "ms": 1432453972336.353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:47 on Sat 23 May to 07:11 on Sun 24 May.", "fact": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z → 2015-05-24T02:10:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2015 falls on Saturday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:47 on Sat 23 May to 07:11 on Sun 24 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T05:47:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z", "ms": 1432342042423.8088 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T07:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T02:10:43Z", "ms": 1432433442547.526 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T05:47:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z", "ms": 1432342042423.8088 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T07:10:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T02:10:43Z", "ms": 1432433442547.526 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-23T12:04:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T07:04:47Z", "ms": 1432364687366.1943 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-23T12:52:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-23T07:52:47Z", "ms": 1432367567366.1943 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-24T12:04:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T07:04:52Z", "ms": 1432451092336.353 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-24T12:52:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-24T07:52:52Z", "ms": 1432453972336.353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:47 on Sat 23 May to 07:11 on Sun 24 May.", "fact": "2015-05-23T00:47:22Z → 2015-05-24T02:10:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Karachi, 2015: Saturday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2015 falls on Saturday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:47 on Sat 23 May to 07:11 on Sun 24 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-05-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-28T16:31:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-28T11:31:17Z", "ms": 1432812676586.656 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-29T18:37:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T13:37:38Z", "ms": 1432906657582.684 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-28T16:31:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-28T11:31:17Z", "ms": 1432812676586.656 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-29T18:37:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T13:37:38Z", "ms": 1432906657582.684 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-28T05:43:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-28T00:43:35Z", "ms": 1432773815372.5059 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-28T05:43:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-28T00:43:35Z", "ms": 1432773815372.5059 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-29T05:43:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T00:43:21Z", "ms": 1432860201407.4766 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-29T05:43:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T00:43:21Z", "ms": 1432860201407.4766 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Thu 28 May to 18:38 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "2015-05-28T11:31:17Z → 2015-05-29T13:37:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:44 on the 28th and 05:43 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Friday 29 May. Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Thu 28 May to 18:38 on Fri 29 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-29T18:37:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T13:37:38Z", "ms": 1432906657582.684 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-30T20:13:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T15:13:30Z", "ms": 1432998810108.7864 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-29T18:37:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T13:37:38Z", "ms": 1432906657582.684 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-30T20:13:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T15:13:30Z", "ms": 1432998810108.7864 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-29T12:05:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T07:05:24Z", "ms": 1432883124228.316 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-29T12:53:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-29T07:53:24Z", "ms": 1432886004228.316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-30T12:05:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T07:05:32Z", "ms": 1432969531935.539 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-30T12:53:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T07:53:32Z", "ms": 1432972411935.539 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:38 on Fri 29 May to 20:14 on Sat 30 May.", "fact": "2015-05-29T13:37:38Z → 2015-05-30T15:13:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:06–12:54 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 30 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Saturday 30 May. Dvādaśī runs from 18:38 on Fri 29 May to 20:14 on Sat 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-05-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1561, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-05-30T20:13:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T15:13:30Z", "ms": 1432998810108.7864 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-31T21:12:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-31T16:12:53Z", "ms": 1433088773463.7188 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-05-30T20:13:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T15:13:30Z", "ms": 1432998810108.7864 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-31T21:12:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-31T16:12:53Z", "ms": 1433088773463.7188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-30T19:15:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T14:15:55Z", "ms": 1432995355221.0718 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-30T20:39:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-30T15:39:31Z", "ms": 1433000371471.7153 } }, "covered_min": 26, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-05-31T19:16:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-31T14:16:23Z", "ms": 1433081783015.6296 }, "end": { "local": "2015-05-31T20:39:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-05-31T15:39:54Z", "ms": 1433086794181.597 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:14 on Sat 30 May to 21:13 on Sun 31 May.", "fact": "2015-05-30T15:13:30Z → 2015-05-31T16:12:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:16–20:40 on the 30th, 19:16–20:40 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 26 of 84 minutes on the 30th and 84 of 84 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1561 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-05-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 31 May. Trayodaśī runs from 20:14 on Sat 30 May to 21:13 on Sun 31 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 26 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-05-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2303, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-06-01T21:34:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-01T16:34:07Z", "ms": 1433176446987.3918 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-02T21:19:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-02T16:19:02Z", "ms": 1433261941872.9294 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-01T21:34:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-01T16:34:07Z", "ms": 1433176446987.3918 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-02T21:19:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-02T16:19:02Z", "ms": 1433261941872.9294 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-01T19:16:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-01T14:16:50Z", "ms": 1433168210408.033 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-01T20:40:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-01T15:40:17Z", "ms": 1433173216703.9768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-02T19:17:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-02T14:17:17Z", "ms": 1433254637374.1597 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-02T20:40:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-02T15:40:39Z", "ms": 1433259639017.9038 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:34 on Mon 1 Jun to 21:19 on Tue 2 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-01T16:34:07Z → 2015-06-02T16:19:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:40 on the 1st, 19:17–20:41 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 1st and 83 of 83 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2303 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 2 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 2015 falls on Tuesday 2 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:34 on Mon 1 Jun to 21:19 on Tue 2 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-06-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-05T17:44:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-05T12:44:32Z", "ms": 1433508271520.3594 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-06T15:55:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-06T10:55:58Z", "ms": 1433588158265.0632 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-05T17:44:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-05T12:44:32Z", "ms": 1433508271520.3594 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-06T15:55:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-06T10:55:58Z", "ms": 1433588158265.0632 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-05T21:46:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-05T16:46:17Z", "ms": 1433522777303.381 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-05T21:46:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-05T16:46:17Z", "ms": 1433522777303.381 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-06T22:36:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-06T17:36:05Z", "ms": 1433612164830.1616 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-06T22:36:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-06T17:36:05Z", "ms": 1433612164830.1616 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:45 on Fri 5 Jun to 15:56 on Sat 6 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-05T12:44:32Z → 2015-06-06T10:55:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:46 on the 5th and 22:36 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Friday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 17:45 on Fri 5 Jun to 15:56 on Sat 6 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-06-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8383, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-12T03:22:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-11T22:22:30Z", "ms": 1434061349505.0798 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-13T01:19:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-12T20:19:49Z", "ms": 1434140389399.486 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-12T03:22:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-11T22:22:30Z", "ms": 1434061349505.0798 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-13T01:19:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-12T20:19:49Z", "ms": 1434140389399.486 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-12T05:42:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-12T00:42:12Z", "ms": 1434069732074.8303 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-12T05:42:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-12T00:42:12Z", "ms": 1434069732074.8303 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-13T05:42:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T00:42:16Z", "ms": 1434156135924.7734 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-13T05:42:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T00:42:16Z", "ms": 1434156135924.7734 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:22 on Fri 12 Jun to 01:20 on Sat 13 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-11T22:22:30Z → 2015-06-12T20:19:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:42 on the 12th and 05:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8383 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Friday 12 June. Ekādaśī runs from 03:22 on Fri 12 Jun to 01:20 on Sat 13 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-13T23:24:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T18:24:06Z", "ms": 1434219845755.0984 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-14T21:39:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T16:39:29Z", "ms": 1434299969134.886 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-13T23:24:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T18:24:06Z", "ms": 1434219845755.0984 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-14T21:39:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T16:39:29Z", "ms": 1434299969134.886 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-13T19:21:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T14:21:39Z", "ms": 1434205298720.1375 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-13T20:44:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-13T15:44:24Z", "ms": 1434210264341.6006 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-14T19:21:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T14:21:59Z", "ms": 1434291718559.3953 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-14T20:44:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T15:44:42Z", "ms": 1434296682341.1602 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:24 on Sat 13 Jun to 21:39 on Sun 14 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-13T18:24:06Z → 2015-06-14T16:39:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:22–20:44 on the 13th, 19:22–20:45 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 13th and 83 of 83 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 23:24 on Sat 13 Jun to 21:39 on Sun 14 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-06-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8924, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-14T21:39:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T16:39:29Z", "ms": 1434299969134.886 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-15T20:11:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-15T15:11:14Z", "ms": 1434381074279.481 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-14T21:39:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T16:39:29Z", "ms": 1434299969134.886 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-15T20:11:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-15T15:11:14Z", "ms": 1434381074279.481 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-15T00:08:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T19:08:13Z", "ms": 1434308892741.0132 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-15T00:56:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-14T19:56:13Z", "ms": 1434311772741.0132 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-16T00:08:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-15T19:08:26Z", "ms": 1434395305820.1667 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-16T00:56:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-15T19:56:26Z", "ms": 1434398185820.1667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:39 on Sun 14 Jun to 20:11 on Mon 15 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-14T16:39:29Z → 2015-06-15T15:11:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 14th, 00:08–00:56 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8924 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Sunday 14 June. Caturdaśī runs from 21:39 on Sun 14 Jun to 20:11 on Mon 15 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-06-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-19T18:59:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-19T13:59:10Z", "ms": 1434722349928.7256 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-20T20:12:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-20T15:12:14Z", "ms": 1434813134347.2307 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-19T18:59:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-19T13:59:10Z", "ms": 1434722349928.7256 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-20T20:12:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-20T15:12:14Z", "ms": 1434813134347.2307 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-19T12:09:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-19T07:09:13Z", "ms": 1434697753409.2651 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-19T12:57:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-19T07:57:13Z", "ms": 1434700633409.2651 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-20T12:09:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-20T07:09:26Z", "ms": 1434784166293.6125 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-20T12:57:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-20T07:57:26Z", "ms": 1434787046293.6125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:59 on Fri 19 Jun to 20:12 on Sat 20 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-19T13:59:10Z → 2015-06-20T15:12:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 19th, 12:09–12:57 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Saturday 20 June. Caturthī runs from 18:59 on Fri 19 Jun to 20:12 on Sat 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-06-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12441, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-27T09:12:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-27T04:12:16Z", "ms": 1435378335914.4087 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-28T10:15:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-28T05:15:04Z", "ms": 1435468503971.6235 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-27T09:12:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-27T04:12:16Z", "ms": 1435378335914.4087 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-28T10:15:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-28T05:15:04Z", "ms": 1435468503971.6235 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-27T05:44:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-27T00:44:55Z", "ms": 1435365895146.2686 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-27T05:44:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-27T00:44:55Z", "ms": 1435365895146.2686 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-28T05:45:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-28T00:45:13Z", "ms": 1435452313039.1958 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-28T05:45:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-28T00:45:13Z", "ms": 1435452313039.1958 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:12 on Sat 27 Jun to 10:15 on Sun 28 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-27T04:12:16Z → 2015-06-28T05:15:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:45 on the 27th and 05:45 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12441 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 28 June. Ekādaśī runs from 09:12 on Sat 27 Jun to 10:15 on Sun 28 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-06-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31909, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-06-29T10:33:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-29T05:33:16Z", "ms": 1435555996421.81 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-30T10:07:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-30T05:07:02Z", "ms": 1435640822379.7358 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-06-29T10:33:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-29T05:33:16Z", "ms": 1435555996421.81 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-30T10:07:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-30T05:07:02Z", "ms": 1435640822379.7358 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-29T19:25:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-29T14:25:06Z", "ms": 1435587905728.3008 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-29T20:47:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-29T15:47:52Z", "ms": 1435592871764.2676 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-06-30T19:25:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-30T14:25:10Z", "ms": 1435674309746.3792 }, "end": { "local": "2015-06-30T20:47:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-06-30T15:47:58Z", "ms": 1435679277782.047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:33 on Mon 29 Jun to 10:07 on Tue 30 Jun.", "fact": "2015-06-29T05:33:16Z → 2015-06-30T05:07:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:48 on the 29th, 19:25–20:48 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 83 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31909 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Monday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Monday 29 June. Trayodaśī runs from 10:33 on Mon 29 Jun to 10:07 on Tue 30 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-06-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-07-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-05T00:14:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-04T19:14:15Z", "ms": 1436037255459.6545 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-05T21:37:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-05T16:37:43Z", "ms": 1436114262700.06 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-05T00:14:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-04T19:14:15Z", "ms": 1436037255459.6545 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-05T21:37:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-05T16:37:43Z", "ms": 1436114262700.06 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-04T21:20:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-04T16:20:00Z", "ms": 1436026800172.8518 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-04T21:20:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-04T16:20:00Z", "ms": 1436026800172.8518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-05T22:06:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-05T17:06:48Z", "ms": 1436116008125.209 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-05T22:06:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-05T17:06:48Z", "ms": 1436116008125.209 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:14 on Sun 5 Jul to 21:38 on Sun 5 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-04T19:14:15Z → 2015-07-05T16:37:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:20 on the 4th and 22:07 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Saturday 4 July. Caturthī runs from 00:14 on Sun 5 Jul to 21:38 on Sun 5 Jul, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-07-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7366, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-11T09:08:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-11T04:08:00Z", "ms": 1436587679615.4001 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-12T07:53:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T02:53:15Z", "ms": 1436669594683.6294 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-11T09:08:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-11T04:08:00Z", "ms": 1436587679615.4001 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-12T07:53:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T02:53:15Z", "ms": 1436669594683.6294 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-11T05:50:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-11T00:50:02Z", "ms": 1436575802383.5906 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-11T05:50:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-11T00:50:02Z", "ms": 1436575802383.5906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-12T05:50:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T00:50:28Z", "ms": 1436662228271.2256 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-12T05:50:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T00:50:28Z", "ms": 1436662228271.2256 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:08 on Sat 11 Jul to 07:53 on Sun 12 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-11T04:08:00Z → 2015-07-12T02:53:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:50 on the 11th and 05:50 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7366 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 12 July. Ekādaśī runs from 09:08 on Sat 11 Jul to 07:53 on Sun 12 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-07-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-13T06:56:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T01:56:38Z", "ms": 1436752597688.2615 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-14T06:20:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T01:20:44Z", "ms": 1436836844045.2988 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-13T06:56:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T01:56:38Z", "ms": 1436752597688.2615 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-14T06:20:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T01:20:44Z", "ms": 1436836844045.2988 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-12T19:24:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T14:24:24Z", "ms": 1436711064342.426 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-12T20:47:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-12T15:47:56Z", "ms": 1436716076366.599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-13T19:24:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T14:24:13Z", "ms": 1436797452713.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-13T20:47:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T15:47:50Z", "ms": 1436802469832.6597 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:57 on Mon 13 Jul to 06:21 on Tue 14 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-13T01:56:38Z → 2015-07-14T01:20:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:24–20:48 on the 12th, 19:24–20:48 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 12th and 84 of 84 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Monday 13 July. Trayodaśī runs from 06:57 on Mon 13 Jul to 06:21 on Tue 14 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-07-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-14T06:20:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T01:20:44Z", "ms": 1436836844045.2988 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-15T06:08:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-15T01:08:49Z", "ms": 1436922529041.0635 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-14T06:20:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T01:20:44Z", "ms": 1436836844045.2988 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-15T06:08:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-15T01:08:49Z", "ms": 1436922529041.0635 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-14T00:13:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T19:13:47Z", "ms": 1436814826911.1943 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-14T01:01:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-13T20:01:47Z", "ms": 1436817706911.1943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-15T00:13:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T19:13:54Z", "ms": 1436901233915.704 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-15T01:01:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-14T20:01:54Z", "ms": 1436904113915.704 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:21 on Tue 14 Jul to 06:09 on Wed 15 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-14T01:20:44Z → 2015-07-15T01:08:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 13th, 00:14–01:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Tuesday 14 July. Caturdaśī runs from 06:21 on Tue 14 Jul to 06:09 on Wed 15 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-07-17T07:10:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-17T02:10:15Z", "ms": 1437099015214.3674 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-18T08:27:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-18T03:27:57Z", "ms": 1437190076833.5986 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-17T07:10:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-17T02:10:15Z", "ms": 1437099015214.3674 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-18T08:27:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-18T03:27:57Z", "ms": 1437190076833.5986 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-17T12:13:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-17T07:13:58Z", "ms": 1437117238108.5896 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-17T13:01:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-17T08:01:58Z", "ms": 1437120118108.5896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-18T12:14:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-18T07:14:03Z", "ms": 1437203642956.438 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-18T13:02:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-18T08:02:03Z", "ms": 1437206522956.438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:10 on Fri 17 Jul to 08:28 on Sat 18 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-17T02:10:15Z → 2015-07-18T03:27:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 17th, 12:14–13:02 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Karachi, 2015: Friday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rathayātrā 2015 falls on Friday 17 July. Dvitīyā runs from 07:10 on Fri 17 Jul to 08:28 on Sat 18 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-07-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 961, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-19T10:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-19T05:16:12Z", "ms": 1437282972392.1099 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:30:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:30:12Z", "ms": 1437377412446.3137 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-19T10:16:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-19T05:16:12Z", "ms": 1437282972392.1099 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:30:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:30:12Z", "ms": 1437377412446.3137 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-19T12:14:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-19T07:14:07Z", "ms": 1437290047263.7998 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-19T13:02:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-19T08:02:07Z", "ms": 1437292927263.7998 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:14:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:14:11Z", "ms": 1437376451017.5332 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-20T13:02:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T08:02:11Z", "ms": 1437379331017.5332 } }, "covered_min": 16, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:16 on Sun 19 Jul to 12:30 on Mon 20 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-19T05:16:12Z → 2015-07-20T07:30:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 19th, 12:14–13:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 16 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 961 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Sunday 19 July. Caturthī runs from 10:16 on Sun 19 Jul to 12:30 on Mon 20 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 16 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 961, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:30:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:30:12Z", "ms": 1437377412446.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-21T15:01:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-21T10:01:02Z", "ms": 1437472862230.4802 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:30:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:30:12Z", "ms": 1437377412446.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-21T15:01:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-21T10:01:02Z", "ms": 1437472862230.4802 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-20T12:14:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T07:14:11Z", "ms": 1437376451017.5332 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-20T13:02:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-20T08:02:11Z", "ms": 1437379331017.5332 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-21T12:14:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-21T07:14:14Z", "ms": 1437462854205.8042 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-21T13:02:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-21T08:02:14Z", "ms": 1437465734205.8042 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:30 on Mon 20 Jul to 15:01 on Tue 21 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-20T07:30:12Z → 2015-07-21T10:01:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 20th, 12:14–13:02 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 32 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 961 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Pañcamī 2015 falls on Tuesday 21 July. Pañcamī runs from 12:30 on Mon 20 Jul to 15:01 on Tue 21 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 32 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-22T17:36:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-22T12:36:05Z", "ms": 1437568565018.6106 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-23T20:00:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-23T15:00:29Z", "ms": 1437663629039.978 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-22T17:36:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-22T12:36:05Z", "ms": 1437568565018.6106 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-23T20:00:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-23T15:00:29Z", "ms": 1437663629039.978 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-22T12:14:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-22T07:14:17Z", "ms": 1437549256818.0806 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-22T13:02:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-22T08:02:17Z", "ms": 1437552136818.0806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-23T12:14:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-23T07:14:19Z", "ms": 1437635658845.1245 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-23T13:02:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-23T08:02:19Z", "ms": 1437638538845.1245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:36 on Wed 22 Jul to 20:00 on Thu 23 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-22T12:36:05Z → 2015-07-23T15:00:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 22nd, 12:14–13:02 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vivasvat Saptamī 2015 falls on Thursday 23 July. Saptamī runs from 17:36 on Wed 22 Jul to 20:00 on Thu 23 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-07-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-26T23:55:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-26T18:55:13Z", "ms": 1437936913145.7183 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-27T23:40:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-27T18:40:38Z", "ms": 1438022438231.7197 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-26T23:55:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-26T18:55:13Z", "ms": 1437936913145.7183 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-27T23:40:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-27T18:40:38Z", "ms": 1438022438231.7197 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-27T05:57:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-27T00:57:24Z", "ms": 1437958643593.641 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-27T05:57:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-27T00:57:24Z", "ms": 1437958643593.641 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-28T05:57:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T00:57:52Z", "ms": 1438045071888.4878 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-28T05:57:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T00:57:52Z", "ms": 1438045071888.4878 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:55 on Sun 26 Jul to 23:41 on Mon 27 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-26T18:55:13Z → 2015-07-27T18:40:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:57 on the 27th and 05:58 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Monday 27 July. Ekādaśī runs from 23:55 on Sun 26 Jul to 23:41 on Mon 27 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-07-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-07-28T22:37:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T17:37:58Z", "ms": 1438105077505.9294 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-29T20:52:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-29T15:52:11Z", "ms": 1438185131390.007 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-28T22:37:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T17:37:58Z", "ms": 1438105077505.9294 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-29T20:52:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-29T15:52:11Z", "ms": 1438185131390.007 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-28T19:18:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T14:18:48Z", "ms": 1438093128053.3992 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-28T20:44:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-28T15:44:04Z", "ms": 1438098244331.7104 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-29T19:18:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-29T14:18:17Z", "ms": 1438179496595.132 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-29T20:43:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-29T15:43:41Z", "ms": 1438184620827.2847 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:38 on Tue 28 Jul to 20:52 on Wed 29 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-28T17:37:58Z → 2015-07-29T15:52:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:44 on the 28th, 19:18–20:44 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 28th and 85 of 85 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 29 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Wednesday 29 July. Trayodaśī runs from 22:38 on Tue 28 Jul to 20:52 on Wed 29 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-07-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T16:37:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T11:37:57Z", "ms": 1438256276844.6516 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-30T19:17:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T14:17:44Z", "ms": 1438265863971.7454 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-31T16:37:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T11:37:35Z", "ms": 1438342655453.0466 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T19:17:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T14:17:10Z", "ms": 1438352230200.5833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z → 2015-07-31T10:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:38–19:18 on the 30th, 16:38–19:17 on the 31st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 47 of 160 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 160 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kokilā Vrata 2015 falls on Thursday 30 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul and covers 47 of 160 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T19:17:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T14:17:44Z", "ms": 1438265863971.7454 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-30T20:43:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T15:43:16Z", "ms": 1438270996303.8992 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-31T19:17:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T14:17:10Z", "ms": 1438352230200.5833 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T20:42:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T15:42:51Z", "ms": 1438357370775.2007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z → 2015-07-31T10:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:18–20:43 on the 30th, 19:17–20:43 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 86 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śiva Śayanotsava 2015 falls on Thursday 30 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25443, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T05:58:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T00:58:48Z", "ms": 1438217928336.2764 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-30T08:38:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T03:38:35Z", "ms": 1438227515463.37 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-31T05:59:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T00:59:16Z", "ms": 1438304356462.8997 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T08:38:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T03:38:51Z", "ms": 1438313931210.4363 } }, "covered_min": 160, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z → 2015-07-31T10:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:59–08:39 on the 30th, 05:59–08:39 on the 31st.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 160 minutes on the 30th and 160 of 160 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25443 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Karachi, 2015: Friday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vyāsa Pūjā 2015 falls on Friday 31 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9641, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T18:30:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z", "ms": 1438263051204.7646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T15:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T10:42:54Z", "ms": 1438339374216.6284 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-30T12:14:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T07:14:16Z", "ms": 1438240456154.0107 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-30T13:02:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-30T08:02:16Z", "ms": 1438243336154.0107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-07-31T12:14:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T07:14:13Z", "ms": 1438326853331.7415 }, "end": { "local": "2015-07-31T13:02:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-07-31T08:02:13Z", "ms": 1438329733331.7415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul.", "fact": "2015-07-30T13:30:51Z → 2015-07-31T10:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 30th, 12:14–13:02 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9641 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2015: Friday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Guru Pūrṇimā 2015 falls on Friday 31 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:31 on Thu 30 Jul to 15:43 on Fri 31 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-01T12:37:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-01T07:37:51Z", "ms": 1438414670927.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-02T09:25:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T04:25:05Z", "ms": 1438489505170.9973 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-01T12:37:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-01T07:37:51Z", "ms": 1438414670927.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-02T09:25:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T04:25:05Z", "ms": 1438489505170.9973 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-01T19:59:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-01T14:59:45Z", "ms": 1438441184589.6968 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-01T19:59:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-01T14:59:45Z", "ms": 1438441184589.6968 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-02T20:46:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T15:46:50Z", "ms": 1438530410331.824 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-02T20:46:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T15:46:50Z", "ms": 1438530410331.824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 12:38 on Sat 1 Aug to 09:25 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-01T07:37:51Z → 2015-08-02T04:25:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:00 on the 1st and 20:47 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Karachi, 2015: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2015 falls on Saturday 1 August. Dvitīyā runs from 12:38 on Sat 1 Aug to 09:25 on Sun 2 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-08-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-03T06:13:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T01:13:24Z", "ms": 1438564404453.6943 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-04T03:10:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T22:10:38Z", "ms": 1438639837699.9224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-03T06:13:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T01:13:24Z", "ms": 1438564404453.6943 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-04T03:10:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T22:10:38Z", "ms": 1438639837699.9224 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-02T20:46:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T15:46:50Z", "ms": 1438530410331.824 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-02T20:46:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-02T15:46:50Z", "ms": 1438530410331.824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-03T21:32:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T16:32:13Z", "ms": 1438619532534.8416 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-03T21:32:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-03T16:32:13Z", "ms": 1438619532534.8416 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:13 on Mon 3 Aug to 03:11 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-03T01:13:24Z → 2015-08-03T22:10:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:47 on the 2nd and 21:32 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Monday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 06:13 on Mon 3 Aug to 03:11 on Tue 4 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-08-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-09T16:28:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-09T11:28:50Z", "ms": 1439119730061.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-10T16:15:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-10T11:15:41Z", "ms": 1439205340695.7412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-09T16:28:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-09T11:28:50Z", "ms": 1439119730061.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-10T16:15:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-10T11:15:41Z", "ms": 1439205340695.7412 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-09T06:03:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-09T01:03:25Z", "ms": 1439082205054.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-09T06:03:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-09T01:03:25Z", "ms": 1439082205054.6782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-10T06:03:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-10T01:03:52Z", "ms": 1439168632013.5613 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-10T06:03:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-10T01:03:52Z", "ms": 1439168632013.5613 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:29 on Sun 9 Aug to 16:16 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-09T11:28:50Z → 2015-08-10T11:15:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:03 on the 9th and 06:04 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Monday 10 August. Ekādaśī runs from 16:29 on Sun 9 Aug to 16:16 on Mon 10 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-08-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7076, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-11T16:29:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-11T11:29:50Z", "ms": 1439292590450.3635 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-12T17:11:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1439381466491.2441 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-11T16:29:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-11T11:29:50Z", "ms": 1439292590450.3635 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-12T17:11:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1439381466491.2441 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-11T19:09:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-11T14:09:48Z", "ms": 1439302188396.0752 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-11T20:37:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-11T15:37:08Z", "ms": 1439307427999.0405 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-12T19:09:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T14:09:02Z", "ms": 1439388542318.3345 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-12T20:36:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T15:36:32Z", "ms": 1439393791588.6145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:30 on Tue 11 Aug to 17:11 on Wed 12 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-11T11:29:50Z → 2015-08-12T12:11:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:10–20:37 on the 11th, 19:09–20:37 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 87 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7076 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Trayodaśī runs from 16:30 on Tue 11 Aug to 17:11 on Wed 12 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-08-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-12T17:11:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1439381466491.2441 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-13T18:19:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-13T13:19:12Z", "ms": 1439471952269.5337 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-12T17:11:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T12:11:06Z", "ms": 1439381466491.2441 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-13T18:19:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-13T13:19:12Z", "ms": 1439471952269.5337 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-13T00:13:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T19:13:07Z", "ms": 1439406787081.8848 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-13T01:01:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-12T20:01:07Z", "ms": 1439409667081.8848 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-14T00:12:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-13T19:12:57Z", "ms": 1439493176704.1807 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-14T01:00:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-13T20:00:57Z", "ms": 1439496056704.1807 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:11 on Wed 12 Aug to 18:19 on Thu 13 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-12T12:11:06Z → 2015-08-13T13:19:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 12th, 00:13–01:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Wednesday 12 August. Caturdaśī runs from 17:11 on Wed 12 Aug to 18:19 on Thu 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-17T00:10:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-16T19:10:54Z", "ms": 1439752254463.2231 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-18T02:44:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T21:44:24Z", "ms": 1439847863667.316 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-17T00:10:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-16T19:10:54Z", "ms": 1439752254463.2231 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-18T02:44:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T21:44:24Z", "ms": 1439847863667.316 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-17T12:11:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T07:11:57Z", "ms": 1439795517085.5054 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-17T12:59:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T07:59:57Z", "ms": 1439798397085.5054 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-18T12:11:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-18T07:11:44Z", "ms": 1439881904146.0562 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-18T12:59:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-18T07:59:44Z", "ms": 1439884784146.0562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:11 on Mon 17 Aug to 02:44 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-16T19:10:54Z → 2015-08-17T21:44:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 17th, 12:12–13:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2015: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 2015 falls on Monday 17 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:11 on Mon 17 Aug to 02:44 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-08-18", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24489, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-18T02:44:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T21:44:24Z", "ms": 1439847863667.316 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-19T05:23:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T00:23:22Z", "ms": 1439943801596.776 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-18T02:44:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-17T21:44:24Z", "ms": 1439847863667.316 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-19T05:23:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T00:23:22Z", "ms": 1439943801596.776 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-18T12:11:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-18T07:11:44Z", "ms": 1439881904146.0562 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-18T12:59:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-18T07:59:44Z", "ms": 1439884784146.0562 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-19T12:11:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T07:11:31Z", "ms": 1439968290696.5728 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-19T12:59:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T07:59:31Z", "ms": 1439971170696.5728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:44 on Tue 18 Aug to 05:23 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-17T21:44:24Z → 2015-08-19T00:23:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 18th, 12:12–13:00 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24489 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Caturthī runs from 02:44 on Tue 18 Aug to 05:23 on Wed 19 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-19T05:23:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T00:23:22Z", "ms": 1439943801596.776 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-20T07:56:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-20T02:56:25Z", "ms": 1440039384812.775 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-19T05:23:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T00:23:22Z", "ms": 1439943801596.776 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-20T07:56:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-20T02:56:25Z", "ms": 1440039384812.775 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-19T12:11:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T07:11:31Z", "ms": 1439968290696.5728 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-19T12:59:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-19T07:59:31Z", "ms": 1439971170696.5728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-20T12:11:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-20T07:11:17Z", "ms": 1440054676746.3047 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-20T12:59:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-20T07:59:17Z", "ms": 1440057556746.3047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:23 on Wed 19 Aug to 07:56 on Thu 20 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-19T00:23:22Z → 2015-08-20T02:56:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 19th, 12:11–12:59 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī 2015 falls on Wednesday 19 August. Pañcamī runs from 05:23 on Wed 19 Aug to 07:56 on Thu 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-08-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17993, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-25T12:34:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-25T07:34:59Z", "ms": 1440488099255.5225 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-26T11:10:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T06:10:29Z", "ms": 1440569428618.2266 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-25T12:34:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-25T07:34:59Z", "ms": 1440488099255.5225 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-26T11:10:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T06:10:29Z", "ms": 1440569428618.2266 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-25T06:10:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-25T01:10:12Z", "ms": 1440465012393.2983 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-25T06:10:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-25T01:10:12Z", "ms": 1440465012393.2983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-26T06:10:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T01:10:36Z", "ms": 1440551436012.7742 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-26T06:10:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T01:10:36Z", "ms": 1440551436012.7742 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:35 on Tue 25 Aug to 11:10 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-25T07:34:59Z → 2015-08-26T06:10:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:10 on the 25th and 06:11 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17993 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Putradā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Ekādaśī runs from 12:35 on Tue 25 Aug to 11:10 on Wed 26 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-08-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3555, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-26T11:10:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T06:10:29Z", "ms": 1440569428618.2266 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-27T09:02:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T04:02:14Z", "ms": 1440648134242.097 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-26T11:10:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T06:10:29Z", "ms": 1440569428618.2266 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-27T09:02:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T04:02:14Z", "ms": 1440648134242.097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-26T12:09:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T07:09:43Z", "ms": 1440572983159.4553 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-26T12:57:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T07:57:43Z", "ms": 1440575863159.4553 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-27T12:09:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T07:09:26Z", "ms": 1440659366040.526 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-27T12:57:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T07:57:26Z", "ms": 1440662246040.526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:10 on Wed 26 Aug to 09:02 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-26T06:10:29Z → 2015-08-27T04:02:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 26th, 12:09–12:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3555 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Dvādaśī runs from 11:10 on Wed 26 Aug to 09:02 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-08-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35499, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-08-27T09:02:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T04:02:14Z", "ms": 1440648134242.097 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-28T06:17:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-28T01:17:35Z", "ms": 1440724655490.1143 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-27T09:02:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T04:02:14Z", "ms": 1440648134242.097 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-28T06:17:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-28T01:17:35Z", "ms": 1440724655490.1143 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-26T18:56:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T13:56:50Z", "ms": 1440597410306.1365 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-26T20:26:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-26T15:26:44Z", "ms": 1440602803522.29 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-27T18:55:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T13:55:53Z", "ms": 1440683752653.7642 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-27T20:25:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-27T15:25:57Z", "ms": 1440689156652.6743 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:02 on Thu 27 Aug to 06:18 on Fri 28 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-27T04:02:14Z → 2015-08-28T01:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:27 on the 26th, 18:56–20:26 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 26th and 90 of 90 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35499 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Thursday 27 August. Trayodaśī runs from 09:02 on Thu 27 Aug to 06:18 on Fri 28 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-08-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T03:05:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-28T22:05:22Z", "ms": 1440799522420.8323 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-29T23:35:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T18:35:12Z", "ms": 1440873311879.375 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T13:21:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T08:21:55Z", "ms": 1440836514927.0637 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-29T23:35:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T18:35:12Z", "ms": 1440873311879.375 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T06:11:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T01:11:46Z", "ms": 1440810705678.3389 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-30T06:12:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T01:12:09Z", "ms": 1440897128537.9595 } }, "covered_min": 613, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-30T06:12:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T01:12:09Z", "ms": 1440897128537.9595 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-31T06:12:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T01:12:31Z", "ms": 1440983551238.2231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:05 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:35 on Sat 29 Aug. Its second half begins at 13:22 on Sat 29 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-28T22:05:22Z → 2015-08-29T18:35:12Z · second half from 2015-08-29T08:21:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:12 on the 29th, and from 06:12 on the 30th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 613 of 1440 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 1440 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2015 falls on Saturday 29 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 13:22 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:35 on Sat 29 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T03:05:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-28T22:05:22Z", "ms": 1440799522420.8323 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-29T23:35:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T18:35:12Z", "ms": 1440873311879.375 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T03:05:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-28T22:05:22Z", "ms": 1440799522420.8323 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-29T23:35:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T18:35:12Z", "ms": 1440873311879.375 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-29T12:08:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T07:08:51Z", "ms": 1440832130648.161 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-29T12:56:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-29T07:56:51Z", "ms": 1440835010648.161 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-30T12:08:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T07:08:32Z", "ms": 1440918512414.5347 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-30T12:56:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T07:56:32Z", "ms": 1440921392414.5347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:05 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:35 on Sat 29 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-28T22:05:22Z → 2015-08-29T18:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 29th, 12:09–12:57 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2015 falls on Saturday 29 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:05 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:35 on Sat 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-08-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-30T19:56:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T14:56:54Z", "ms": 1440946614333.8328 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-31T16:20:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T11:20:09Z", "ms": 1441020009281.4893 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-30T19:56:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T14:56:54Z", "ms": 1440946614333.8328 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-31T16:20:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T11:20:09Z", "ms": 1441020009281.4893 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-30T19:22:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T14:22:57Z", "ms": 1440944576827.879 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-30T19:22:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-30T14:22:57Z", "ms": 1440944576827.879 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-31T20:09:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T15:09:19Z", "ms": 1441033759383.6646 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-31T20:09:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T15:09:19Z", "ms": 1441033759383.6646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 19:57 on Sun 30 Aug to 16:20 on Mon 31 Aug.", "fact": "2015-08-30T14:56:54Z → 2015-08-31T11:20:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:23 on the 30th and 20:09 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 30 August. Dvitīyā runs from 19:57 on Sun 30 Aug to 16:20 on Mon 31 Aug, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-08-31T16:20:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T11:20:09Z", "ms": 1441020009281.4893 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-08-31T16:20:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T11:20:09Z", "ms": 1441020009281.4893 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-08-31T12:08:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T07:08:14Z", "ms": 1441004893850.7876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-08-31T12:56:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-08-31T07:56:14Z", "ms": 1441007773850.7876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:07:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:07:55Z", "ms": 1441091274978.7002 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:55:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:55:55Z", "ms": 1441094154978.7002 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Mon 31 Aug to 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep.", "fact": "2015-08-31T11:20:09Z → 2015-09-01T07:54:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 31st, 12:08–12:56 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 46 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 109 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2015 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Mon 31 Aug to 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep and covers 46 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 1 min 49 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T09:47:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T04:47:05Z", "ms": 1441169225152.528 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T09:47:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T04:47:05Z", "ms": 1441169225152.528 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T16:19:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T11:19:20Z", "ms": 1441106359689.7769 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-01T18:50:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T13:50:56Z", "ms": 1441115456163.828 } }, "covered_min": 152, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-02T16:18:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T11:18:36Z", "ms": 1441192715580.4717 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T18:49:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T13:49:55Z", "ms": 1441201795420.914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep to 09:47 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z → 2015-09-02T04:47:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:19–18:51 on the 1st, 16:19–18:50 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 152 of 152 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 151 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bahulā Caturthī 2015 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep to 09:47 on Wed 2 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-09-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28883, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T09:47:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T04:47:05Z", "ms": 1441169225152.528 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T12:54:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z", "ms": 1441094045815.141 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T09:47:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T04:47:05Z", "ms": 1441169225152.528 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-01T20:55:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T15:55:29Z", "ms": 1441122928993.0952 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-01T20:55:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-01T15:55:29Z", "ms": 1441122928993.0952 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-02T21:42:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T16:42:10Z", "ms": 1441212130497.9692 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-02T21:42:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-02T16:42:10Z", "ms": 1441212130497.9692 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep to 09:47 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-01T07:54:06Z → 2015-09-02T04:47:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 1st and 21:42 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28883 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Sep to 09:47 on Wed 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18053, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-03T07:06:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T02:06:23Z", "ms": 1441245983019.9756 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-04T04:57:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T23:57:51Z", "ms": 1441324671455.3762 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-03T07:06:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T02:06:23Z", "ms": 1441245983019.9756 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-04T04:57:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T23:57:51Z", "ms": 1441324671455.3762 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-03T12:07:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T07:07:16Z", "ms": 1441264036394.4297 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-03T12:55:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T07:55:16Z", "ms": 1441266916394.4297 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-04T12:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T07:06:57Z", "ms": 1441350416722.2122 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-04T12:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T07:54:57Z", "ms": 1441353296722.2122 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:06 on Thu 3 Sep to 04:58 on Fri 4 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-03T02:06:23Z → 2015-09-03T23:57:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 3rd, 12:07–12:55 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18053 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2015 falls on Thursday 3 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:06 on Thu 3 Sep to 04:58 on Fri 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-04T04:57:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T23:57:51Z", "ms": 1441324671455.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-05T03:25:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T22:25:42Z", "ms": 1441405541607.431 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-04T04:57:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-03T23:57:51Z", "ms": 1441324671455.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-05T03:25:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T22:25:42Z", "ms": 1441405541607.431 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-04T12:06:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T07:06:57Z", "ms": 1441350416722.2122 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-04T12:54:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T07:54:57Z", "ms": 1441353296722.2122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-05T12:06:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T07:06:37Z", "ms": 1441436796821.7832 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-05T12:54:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T07:54:37Z", "ms": 1441439676821.7832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:58 on Fri 4 Sep to 03:26 on Sat 5 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-03T23:57:51Z → 2015-09-04T22:25:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 4th, 12:07–12:55 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śītalā Saptamī 2015 falls on Friday 4 September. Saptamī runs from 04:58 on Fri 4 Sep to 03:26 on Sat 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-05T03:25:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T22:25:42Z", "ms": 1441405541607.431 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-06T02:32:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T21:32:11Z", "ms": 1441488730956.2915 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-05T03:25:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T22:25:42Z", "ms": 1441405541607.431 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-06T02:32:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T21:32:11Z", "ms": 1441488730956.2915 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-05T00:07:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T19:07:08Z", "ms": 1441393627777.0396 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-05T00:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-04T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1441396507777.0396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-06T00:06:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T19:06:48Z", "ms": 1441480007835.0122 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-06T00:54:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-05T19:54:48Z", "ms": 1441482887835.0122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:26 on Sat 5 Sep to 02:32 on Sun 6 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-04T22:25:42Z → 2015-09-05T21:32:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:07–00:55 on the 4th, 00:07–00:55 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Janmāṣṭamī 2015 falls on Saturday 5 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:26 on Sat 5 Sep to 02:32 on Sun 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-09-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-08T02:40:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-07T21:40:36Z", "ms": 1441662035857.1187 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-09T03:37:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-08T22:37:59Z", "ms": 1441751879456.8032 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-08T02:40:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-07T21:40:36Z", "ms": 1441662035857.1187 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-09T03:37:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-08T22:37:59Z", "ms": 1441751879456.8032 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-08T06:15:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-08T01:15:29Z", "ms": 1441674928707.234 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-08T06:15:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-08T01:15:29Z", "ms": 1441674928707.234 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-09T06:15:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-09T01:15:51Z", "ms": 1441761350540.204 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-09T06:15:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-09T01:15:51Z", "ms": 1441761350540.204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:41 on Tue 8 Sep to 03:38 on Wed 9 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-07T21:40:36Z → 2015-09-08T22:37:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:15 on the 8th and 06:16 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ajā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Tuesday 8 September. Ekādaśī runs from 02:41 on Tue 8 Sep to 03:38 on Wed 9 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-09-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31835, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-10T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1441843543480.1597 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-10T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1441843543480.1597 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-09T18:42:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-09T13:42:40Z", "ms": 1441806160028.8237 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-09T20:15:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-09T15:15:08Z", "ms": 1441811708335.1985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-10T18:41:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T13:41:37Z", "ms": 1441892496671.5469 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-10T20:14:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T15:14:16Z", "ms": 1441898056325.337 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:06 on Thu 10 Sep to 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-10T00:05:43Z → 2015-09-11T01:59:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:15 on the 9th, 18:42–20:14 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 9th and 93 of 93 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31835 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Thursday 10 September. Trayodaśī runs from 05:06 on Thu 10 Sep to 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34007, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T09:12:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T04:12:43Z", "ms": 1442031162765.17 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T09:12:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T04:12:43Z", "ms": 1442031162765.17 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T18:40:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T13:40:33Z", "ms": 1441978833094.7993 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-11T20:13:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T15:13:24Z", "ms": 1441984404121.5317 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-12T18:39:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T13:39:29Z", "ms": 1442065169322.1128 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T20:12:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T15:12:32Z", "ms": 1442070751745.3455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep to 09:13 on Sat 12 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z → 2015-09-12T04:12:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:13 on the 11th, 18:39–20:13 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 93 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34007 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Aghora Caturdaśī 2015 falls on Friday 11 September. Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep to 09:13 on Sat 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-09-11", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21956, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T09:12:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T04:12:43Z", "ms": 1442031162765.17 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T06:59:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z", "ms": 1441936741399.2112 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T09:12:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-12T04:12:43Z", "ms": 1442031162765.17 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-11T00:05:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T19:05:05Z", "ms": 1441911905373.2598 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-11T00:53:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-10T19:53:05Z", "ms": 1441914785373.2598 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-12T00:04:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T19:04:44Z", "ms": 1441998284445.046 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-12T00:52:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-11T19:52:44Z", "ms": 1442001164445.046 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep to 09:13 on Sat 12 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-11T01:59:01Z → 2015-09-12T04:12:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:05–00:53 on the 10th, 00:05–00:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21956 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Friday 11 September. Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Fri 11 Sep to 09:13 on Sat 12 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-09-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-09-13T11:41:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-13T06:41:16Z", "ms": 1442126475862.7202 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-14T14:18:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-14T09:18:38Z", "ms": 1442222317931.6755 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-13T11:41:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-13T06:41:16Z", "ms": 1442126475862.7202 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-14T14:18:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-14T09:18:38Z", "ms": 1442222317931.6755 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-13T12:03:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-13T07:03:51Z", "ms": 1442127831436.4292 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-13T12:51:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-13T07:51:51Z", "ms": 1442130711436.4292 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-14T12:03:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-14T07:03:30Z", "ms": 1442214210234.352 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-14T12:51:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-14T07:51:30Z", "ms": 1442217090234.352 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:41 on Sun 13 Sep to 14:19 on Mon 14 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-13T06:41:16Z → 2015-09-14T09:18:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 13th, 12:04–12:52 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rudra Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 13 September. Pratipadā runs from 11:41 on Sun 13 Sep to 14:19 on Mon 14 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-09-15T16:58:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-15T11:58:00Z", "ms": 1442318279574.9033 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-16T19:31:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T14:31:34Z", "ms": 1442413893831.066 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-15T16:58:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-15T11:58:00Z", "ms": 1442318279574.9033 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-16T19:31:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T14:31:34Z", "ms": 1442413893831.066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-15T12:03:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-15T07:03:09Z", "ms": 1442300588968.961 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-15T12:51:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-15T07:51:09Z", "ms": 1442303468968.961 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-16T12:02:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T07:02:48Z", "ms": 1442386967657.0005 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-16T12:50:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T07:50:48Z", "ms": 1442389847657.0005 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:58 on Tue 15 Sep to 19:32 on Wed 16 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-15T11:58:00Z → 2015-09-16T14:31:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:03–12:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2015 falls on Wednesday 16 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:58 on Tue 15 Sep to 19:32 on Wed 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24046, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-16T19:31:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T14:31:34Z", "ms": 1442413893831.066 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-17T21:50:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T16:50:41Z", "ms": 1442508640966.9636 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-16T19:31:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T14:31:34Z", "ms": 1442413893831.066 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-17T21:50:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T16:50:41Z", "ms": 1442508640966.9636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-16T12:02:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T07:02:48Z", "ms": 1442386967657.0005 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-16T12:50:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-16T07:50:48Z", "ms": 1442389847657.0005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-17T12:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T07:02:26Z", "ms": 1442473346315.5146 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-17T12:50:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T07:50:26Z", "ms": 1442476226315.5146 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:32 on Wed 16 Sep to 21:51 on Thu 17 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-16T14:31:34Z → 2015-09-17T16:50:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 16th, 12:02–12:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24046 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2015 falls on Thursday 17 September. Caturthī runs from 19:32 on Wed 16 Sep to 21:51 on Thu 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-17T21:50:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T16:50:41Z", "ms": 1442508640966.9636 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-18T23:46:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T18:46:16Z", "ms": 1442601976149.013 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-17T21:50:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T16:50:41Z", "ms": 1442508640966.9636 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-18T23:46:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T18:46:16Z", "ms": 1442601976149.013 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-17T12:02:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T07:02:26Z", "ms": 1442473346315.5146 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-17T12:50:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-17T07:50:26Z", "ms": 1442476226315.5146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-18T12:02:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T07:02:05Z", "ms": 1442559724961.8884 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-18T12:50:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T07:50:05Z", "ms": 1442562604961.8884 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:51 on Thu 17 Sep to 23:46 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-17T16:50:41Z → 2015-09-18T18:46:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 17th, 12:02–12:50 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 32415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2015 falls on Friday 18 September. Pañcamī runs from 21:51 on Thu 17 Sep to 23:46 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-18T23:46:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T18:46:16Z", "ms": 1442601976149.013 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-20T01:09:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T20:09:39Z", "ms": 1442693378931.4817 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-18T23:46:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-18T18:46:16Z", "ms": 1442601976149.013 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-20T01:09:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T20:09:39Z", "ms": 1442693378931.4817 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-19T12:01:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 1442646103613.8867 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-19T12:49:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T07:49:44Z", "ms": 1442648983613.8867 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-20T12:01:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T07:01:22Z", "ms": 1442732482289.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-20T12:49:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T07:49:22Z", "ms": 1442735362289.7012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:46 on Fri 18 Sep to 01:10 on Sun 20 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-18T18:46:16Z → 2015-09-19T20:09:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 19th, 12:01–12:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Karachi, 2015: Saturday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2015 falls on Saturday 19 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:46 on Fri 18 Sep to 01:10 on Sun 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36447, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-20T01:09:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T20:09:39Z", "ms": 1442693378931.4817 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-21T01:53:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T20:53:34Z", "ms": 1442782413835.7053 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-20T01:09:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-19T20:09:39Z", "ms": 1442693378931.4817 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-21T01:53:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T20:53:34Z", "ms": 1442782413835.7053 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-20T12:01:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T07:01:22Z", "ms": 1442732482289.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-20T12:49:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T07:49:22Z", "ms": 1442735362289.7012 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-21T12:01:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T07:01:01Z", "ms": 1442818861008.024 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-21T12:49:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T07:49:01Z", "ms": 1442821741008.024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:10 on Sun 20 Sep to 01:54 on Mon 21 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-19T20:09:39Z → 2015-09-20T20:53:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 20th, 12:01–12:49 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36447 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 20 September. Saptamī runs from 01:10 on Sun 20 Sep to 01:54 on Mon 21 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36447, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-21T01:53:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T20:53:34Z", "ms": 1442782413835.7053 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-22T01:53:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T20:53:05Z", "ms": 1442868785350.848 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-21T01:53:34+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-20T20:53:34Z", "ms": 1442782413835.7053 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-22T01:53:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T20:53:05Z", "ms": 1442868785350.848 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-21T12:01:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T07:01:01Z", "ms": 1442818861008.024 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-21T12:49:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-21T07:49:01Z", "ms": 1442821741008.024 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-22T12:00:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-22T07:00:40Z", "ms": 1442905239788.151 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-22T12:48:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-22T07:48:40Z", "ms": 1442908119788.151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:54 on Mon 21 Sep to 01:53 on Tue 22 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-20T20:53:34Z → 2015-09-21T20:53:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 21st, 12:01–12:49 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36447 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rādhāṣṭamī 2015 falls on Monday 21 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:54 on Mon 21 Sep to 01:53 on Tue 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-09-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-23T23:33:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-23T18:33:56Z", "ms": 1443033235756.3083 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-24T21:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T16:20:02Z", "ms": 1443111601729.1338 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-23T23:33:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-23T18:33:56Z", "ms": 1443033235756.3083 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-24T21:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T16:20:02Z", "ms": 1443111601729.1338 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-24T06:21:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T01:21:18Z", "ms": 1443057677901.8237 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-24T06:21:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T01:21:18Z", "ms": 1443057677901.8237 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-25T06:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T01:21:40Z", "ms": 1443144100221.7222 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-25T06:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T01:21:40Z", "ms": 1443144100221.7222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:34 on Wed 23 Sep to 21:20 on Thu 24 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-23T18:33:56Z → 2015-09-24T16:20:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 24th and 06:22 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 24 September. Ekādaśī runs from 23:34 on Wed 23 Sep to 21:20 on Thu 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-24T21:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T16:20:02Z", "ms": 1443111601729.1338 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-25T18:30:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T13:30:32Z", "ms": 1443187831550.6455 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-24T21:20:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T16:20:02Z", "ms": 1443111601729.1338 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-25T18:30:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T13:30:32Z", "ms": 1443187831550.6455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-24T11:59:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T06:59:58Z", "ms": 1443077997614.9124 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-24T12:47:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-24T07:47:58Z", "ms": 1443080877614.9124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-25T11:59:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T06:59:37Z", "ms": 1443164376704.5642 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-25T12:47:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T07:47:37Z", "ms": 1443167256704.5642 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:20 on Thu 24 Sep to 18:31 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-24T16:20:02Z → 2015-09-25T13:30:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 24th, 12:00–12:48 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vāmana Jayantī 2015 falls on Friday 25 September. Dvādaśī runs from 21:20 on Thu 24 Sep to 18:31 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 298, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-25T18:30:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T13:30:32Z", "ms": 1443187831550.6455 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-26T15:13:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T10:13:06Z", "ms": 1443262386487.4126 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-25T18:30:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T13:30:32Z", "ms": 1443187831550.6455 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-26T15:13:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T10:13:06Z", "ms": 1443262386487.4126 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-25T18:25:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T13:25:33Z", "ms": 1443187533187.4062 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-25T20:01:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-25T15:01:05Z", "ms": 1443193265120.0188 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-26T18:24:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T13:24:29Z", "ms": 1443273869202.688 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-26T20:00:13+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T15:00:13Z", "ms": 1443279612682.51 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:31 on Fri 25 Sep to 15:13 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-25T13:30:32Z → 2015-09-26T10:13:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:01 on the 25th, 18:24–20:00 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 96 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 96 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 298 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Friday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 18:31 on Fri 25 Sep to 15:13 on Sat 26 Sep and covers 91 of 96 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 4 min 58 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-26T15:13:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T10:13:06Z", "ms": 1443262386487.4126 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-27T11:36:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-27T06:36:36Z", "ms": 1443335795738.3413 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-26T15:13:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T10:13:06Z", "ms": 1443262386487.4126 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-27T11:36:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-27T06:36:36Z", "ms": 1443335795738.3413 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-26T06:22:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T01:22:03Z", "ms": 1443230522681.9995 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-26T08:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-26T03:46:32Z", "ms": 1443239191986.1372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-27T06:22:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-27T01:22:25Z", "ms": 1443316945301.3535 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-27T08:46:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-27T03:46:37Z", "ms": 1443325597321.893 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:13 on Sat 26 Sep to 11:37 on Sun 27 Sep.", "fact": "2015-09-26T10:13:06Z → 2015-09-27T06:36:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:22–08:47 on the 26th, 06:22–08:47 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 26th and 144 of 144 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ananta Caturdaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 27 September. Caturdaśī runs from 15:13 on Sat 26 Sep to 11:37 on Sun 27 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-09-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-09-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3197, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-09-30T21:13:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-30T16:13:15Z", "ms": 1443629595150.923 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-01T18:26:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-01T13:26:18Z", "ms": 1443705977994.897 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-09-30T21:13:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-30T16:13:15Z", "ms": 1443629595150.923 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-01T18:26:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-01T13:26:18Z", "ms": 1443705977994.897 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-09-30T20:19:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-30T15:19:58Z", "ms": 1443626398357.4072 }, "end": { "local": "2015-09-30T20:19:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-09-30T15:19:58Z", "ms": 1443626398357.4072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-01T21:10:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-01T16:10:30Z", "ms": 1443715829664.349 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-01T21:10:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-01T16:10:30Z", "ms": 1443715829664.349 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:13 on Wed 30 Sep to 18:26 on Thu 1 Oct.", "fact": "2015-09-30T16:13:15Z → 2015-10-01T13:26:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:20 on the 30th and 21:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3197 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Wednesday 30 September. Caturthī runs from 21:13 on Wed 30 Sep to 18:26 on Thu 1 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-02T16:16:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-02T11:16:06Z", "ms": 1443784566044.9592 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-03T14:48:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-03T09:48:51Z", "ms": 1443865730983.2085 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-02T16:16:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-02T11:16:06Z", "ms": 1443784566044.9592 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-03T14:48:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-03T09:48:51Z", "ms": 1443865730983.2085 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-02T22:02:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-02T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1443805352732.2346 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-02T22:02:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-02T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1443805352732.2346 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-03T22:55:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-03T17:55:42Z", "ms": 1443894942346.1284 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-03T22:55:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-03T17:55:42Z", "ms": 1443894942346.1284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:16 on Fri 2 Oct to 14:49 on Sat 3 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-02T11:16:06Z → 2015-10-03T09:48:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:03 on the 2nd and 22:56 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2015 falls on Friday 2 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:16 on Fri 2 Oct to 14:49 on Sat 3 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T14:08:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z", "ms": 1443949702218.466 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-05T14:15:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T09:15:31Z", "ms": 1444036531475.8591 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T14:08:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z", "ms": 1443949702218.466 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-05T14:15:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T09:15:31Z", "ms": 1444036531475.8591 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T18:16:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T13:16:07Z", "ms": 1443964566603.08 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-04T19:53:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T14:53:22Z", "ms": 1443970402303.5286 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-05T18:15:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T13:15:05Z", "ms": 1444050905384.5757 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-05T19:52:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T14:52:33Z", "ms": 1444056752567.971 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:08 on Sun 4 Oct to 14:16 on Mon 5 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z → 2015-10-05T09:15:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–19:53 on the 4th, 18:15–19:53 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 97 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2015 falls on Sunday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:08 on Sun 4 Oct to 14:16 on Mon 5 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34857, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T14:08:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z", "ms": 1443949702218.466 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-05T14:15:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T09:15:31Z", "ms": 1444036531475.8591 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T14:08:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z", "ms": 1443949702218.466 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-05T14:15:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T09:15:31Z", "ms": 1444036531475.8591 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-04T23:49:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T18:49:20Z", "ms": 1443984559668.9766 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-04T23:49:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-04T18:49:20Z", "ms": 1443984559668.9766 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-06T00:42:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T19:42:45Z", "ms": 1444074164638.8916 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-06T00:42:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-05T19:42:45Z", "ms": 1444074164638.8916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:08 on Sun 4 Oct to 14:16 on Mon 5 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-04T09:08:22Z → 2015-10-05T09:15:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:49 on the 4th and 00:43 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34857 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2015 falls on Sunday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:08 on Sun 4 Oct to 14:16 on Mon 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-10-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36809, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-07T16:39:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-07T11:39:54Z", "ms": 1444217993563.2336 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-08T18:43:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-08T13:43:28Z", "ms": 1444311808256.8157 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-07T16:39:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-07T11:39:54Z", "ms": 1444217993563.2336 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-08T18:43:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-08T13:43:28Z", "ms": 1444311808256.8157 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-07T06:26:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-07T01:26:24Z", "ms": 1444181184491.667 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-07T06:26:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-07T01:26:24Z", "ms": 1444181184491.667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-08T06:26:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-08T01:26:50Z", "ms": 1444267610062.0427 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-08T06:26:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-08T01:26:50Z", "ms": 1444267610062.0427 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:40 on Wed 7 Oct to 18:43 on Thu 8 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-07T11:39:54Z → 2015-10-08T13:43:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:26 on the 7th and 06:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36809 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Indirā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Thursday 8 October. Ekādaśī runs from 16:40 on Wed 7 Oct to 18:43 on Thu 8 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-10-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-09T21:09:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-09T16:09:09Z", "ms": 1444406948725.5479 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-10T23:47:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T18:47:12Z", "ms": 1444502832002.3208 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-09T21:09:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-09T16:09:09Z", "ms": 1444406948725.5479 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-10T23:47:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T18:47:12Z", "ms": 1444502832002.3208 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-09T18:11:05+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-09T13:11:05Z", "ms": 1444396265266.446 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-09T19:49:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-09T14:49:18Z", "ms": 1444402158198.689 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-10T18:10:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T13:10:07Z", "ms": 1444482606552.9246 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-10T19:48:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T14:48:31Z", "ms": 1444488510866.1401 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:09 on Fri 9 Oct to 23:47 on Sat 10 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-09T16:09:09Z → 2015-10-10T18:47:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:49 on the 9th, 18:10–19:49 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 9th and 98 of 98 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Saturday 10 October. Trayodaśī runs from 21:09 on Fri 9 Oct to 23:47 on Sat 10 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-10-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 476, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-10T23:47:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T18:47:12Z", "ms": 1444502832002.3208 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-12T02:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T21:28:38Z", "ms": 1444598918383.9473 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-10T23:47:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T18:47:12Z", "ms": 1444502832002.3208 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-12T02:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T21:28:38Z", "ms": 1444598918383.9473 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-10T23:55:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T18:55:08Z", "ms": 1444503307727.4824 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-11T00:43:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-10T19:43:08Z", "ms": 1444506187727.4824 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-11T23:54:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T18:54:52Z", "ms": 1444589692167.9648 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-12T00:42:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T19:42:52Z", "ms": 1444592572167.9648 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:47 on Sat 10 Oct to 02:29 on Mon 12 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-10T18:47:12Z → 2015-10-11T21:28:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 10th, 23:55–00:43 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 476 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Saturday 10 October. Caturdaśī runs from 23:47 on Sat 10 Oct to 02:29 on Mon 12 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2015-10-12T02:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T21:28:38Z", "ms": 1444598918383.9473 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-13T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1444694742629.71 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-12T02:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-11T21:28:38Z", "ms": 1444598918383.9473 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-13T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1444694742629.71 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-12T13:28:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-12T08:28:21Z", "ms": 1444638500895.2844 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-12T15:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-12T10:48:16Z", "ms": 1444646895886.8955 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-13T13:27:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T08:27:58Z", "ms": 1444724877708.079 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-13T15:47:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T10:47:36Z", "ms": 1444733255837.156 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 02:29 on Mon 12 Oct to 05:06 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-11T21:28:38Z → 2015-10-13T00:05:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:28–15:48 on the 12th, 13:28–15:48 on the 13th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 140 of 140 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 140 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Karachi, 2015: Monday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 2015 falls on Monday 12 October. Amāvasyā runs from 02:29 on Mon 12 Oct to 05:06 on Tue 13 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-10-13T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1444694742629.71 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-14T07:31:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-14T02:31:57Z", "ms": 1444789917466.0474 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-13T05:05:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T00:05:43Z", "ms": 1444694742629.71 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-14T07:31:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-14T02:31:57Z", "ms": 1444789917466.0474 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-13T11:54:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T06:54:09Z", "ms": 1444719248643.5405 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-13T12:42:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-13T07:42:09Z", "ms": 1444722128643.5405 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-14T11:53:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-14T06:53:54Z", "ms": 1444805634406.3684 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-14T12:41:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-14T07:41:54Z", "ms": 1444808514406.3684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:06 on Tue 13 Oct to 07:32 on Wed 14 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-13T00:05:43Z → 2015-10-14T02:31:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 13th, 11:54–12:42 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2015 falls on Tuesday 13 October. Pratipadā runs from 05:06 on Tue 13 Oct to 07:32 on Wed 14 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-10-16", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 793, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-16T11:30:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-16T06:30:56Z", "ms": 1444977056323.2773 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-17T12:54:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-17T07:54:28Z", "ms": 1445068468094.7793 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-16T11:30:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-16T06:30:56Z", "ms": 1444977056323.2773 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-17T12:54:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-17T07:54:28Z", "ms": 1445068468094.7793 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-16T11:53:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-16T06:53:28Z", "ms": 1444978407548.4937 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-16T12:41:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-16T07:41:28Z", "ms": 1444981287548.4937 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-17T11:53:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-17T06:53:15Z", "ms": 1445064794957.294 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-17T12:41:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-17T07:41:15Z", "ms": 1445067674957.294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:31 on Fri 16 Oct to 12:54 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-16T06:30:56Z → 2015-10-17T07:54:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 16th, 11:53–12:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 793 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturthī runs from 11:31 on Fri 16 Oct to 12:54 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-19T14:08:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-19T09:08:58Z", "ms": 1445245737739.7136 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-20T13:53:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T08:53:19Z", "ms": 1445331198888.6301 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-19T14:08:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-19T09:08:58Z", "ms": 1445245737739.7136 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-20T13:53:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T08:53:19Z", "ms": 1445331198888.6301 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-19T06:31:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-19T01:31:56Z", "ms": 1445218316084.694 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-19T07:17:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-19T02:17:55Z", "ms": 1445221075476.486 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-20T06:32:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T01:32:26Z", "ms": 1445304746318.9521 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-20T07:18:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T02:18:20Z", "ms": 1445307500237.6597 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:09 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:53 on Tue 20 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-19T09:08:58Z → 2015-10-20T08:53:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:32–07:18 on the 19th, 06:32–07:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 46 minutes on the 19th and 46 of 46 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Saptamī 2015 falls on Tuesday 20 October. Saptamī runs from 14:09 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:53 on Tue 20 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1160, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-20T13:53:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T08:53:19Z", "ms": 1445331198888.6301 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:59:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:59:50Z", "ms": 1445414390427.9941 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-20T13:53:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T08:53:19Z", "ms": 1445331198888.6301 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:59:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:59:50Z", "ms": 1445414390427.9941 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-20T11:52:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T06:52:41Z", "ms": 1445323960709.2578 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-20T12:40:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-20T07:40:41Z", "ms": 1445326840709.2578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T11:52:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T06:52:31Z", "ms": 1445410350517.1787 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:40:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": 1445413230517.1787 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:53 on Tue 20 Oct to 13:00 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-20T08:53:19Z → 2015-10-21T07:59:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:53–12:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1160 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2015 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:53 on Tue 20 Oct to 13:00 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-22T11:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T06:28:38Z", "ms": 1445495317590.5205 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-23T09:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-23T04:21:40Z", "ms": 1445574100274.6763 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "2015-10-22T11:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T06:28:38Z", "ms": 1445495317590.5205 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T12:58:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T07:58:36Z", "ms": 1445500715754.5576 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T13:49:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T08:49:44Z", "ms": 1445417383880.962 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T12:58:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T07:58:36Z", "ms": 1445500715754.5576 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T06:32:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T01:32:57Z", "ms": 1445391176976.1892 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-21T18:00:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T13:00:04Z", "ms": 1445432404058.168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 687, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-22T06:33:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T01:33:28Z", "ms": 1445477608060.5981 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T17:59:14+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T12:59:14Z", "ms": 1445518753863.5642 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 686, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 11:29 on Thu 22 Oct to 09:22 on Fri 23 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 13:50 on Wed 21 Oct to 12:59 on Thu 22 Oct. They are together from 11:29 on Thu 22 Oct to 12:59 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-22T06:28:38Z → 2015-10-22T07:58:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:33–18:00 on the 21st, 06:33–17:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 687 minutes on the 21st and 90 of 686 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2015 falls on Thursday 22 October. Daśamī runs from 11:29 on Thu 22 Oct to 09:22 on Fri 23 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 90 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1160, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:59:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:59:50Z", "ms": 1445414390427.9941 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T11:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T06:28:38Z", "ms": 1445495317590.5205 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:59:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:59:50Z", "ms": 1445414390427.9941 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T11:28:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T06:28:38Z", "ms": 1445495317590.5205 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-21T11:52:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T06:52:31Z", "ms": 1445410350517.1787 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-21T12:40:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": 1445413230517.1787 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-22T11:52:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T06:52:21Z", "ms": 1445496740962.081 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-22T12:40:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-22T07:40:21Z", "ms": 1445499620962.081 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:00 on Wed 21 Oct to 11:29 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-21T07:59:50Z → 2015-10-22T06:28:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 21st, 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1160 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mahānavamī 2015 falls on Thursday 22 October. Navamī runs from 13:00 on Wed 21 Oct to 11:29 on Thu 22 Oct, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-10-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 503, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-23T09:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-23T04:21:40Z", "ms": 1445574100274.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-24T06:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T01:42:54Z", "ms": 1445650974277.4722 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-23T09:21:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-23T04:21:40Z", "ms": 1445574100274.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-24T06:42:54+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T01:42:54Z", "ms": 1445650974277.4722 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-23T06:34:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-23T01:34:00Z", "ms": 1445564039576.7427 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-23T06:34:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-23T01:34:00Z", "ms": 1445564039576.7427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-24T06:34:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T01:34:32Z", "ms": 1445650471529.8254 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-24T06:34:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T01:34:32Z", "ms": 1445650471529.8254 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:22 on Fri 23 Oct to 06:43 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-23T04:21:40Z → 2015-10-24T01:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:34 on the 23rd and 06:35 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 503 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Saturday 24 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:22 on Fri 23 Oct to 06:43 on Sat 24 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-10-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-10-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16580, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-25T03:38:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T22:38:02Z", "ms": 1445726282340.3625 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-26T00:14:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-25T19:14:19Z", "ms": 1445800458943.5405 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-25T03:38:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T22:38:02Z", "ms": 1445726282340.3625 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-26T00:14:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-25T19:14:19Z", "ms": 1445800458943.5405 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-24T17:57:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T12:57:36Z", "ms": 1445691456123.4094 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-24T19:38:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-24T14:38:36Z", "ms": 1445697515830.4055 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-25T17:56:49+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-25T12:56:49Z", "ms": 1445777808634.2837 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-25T19:37:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-25T14:37:59Z", "ms": 1445783879052.6133 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:38 on Sun 25 Oct to 00:14 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-24T22:38:02Z → 2015-10-25T19:14:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:58–19:39 on the 24th, 17:57–19:38 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 24th and 101 of 101 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16580 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 03:38 on Sun 25 Oct to 00:14 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T07:54:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z", "ms": 1446173688202.2532 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-31T05:55:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-31T00:55:50Z", "ms": 1446252950455.2288 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T07:54:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z", "ms": 1446173688202.2532 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-31T05:55:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-31T00:55:50Z", "ms": 1446252950455.2288 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-29T19:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-29T14:48:16Z", "ms": 1446130096317.1785 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-29T19:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-29T14:48:16Z", "ms": 1446130096317.1785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T20:42:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T15:42:46Z", "ms": 1446219766088.3792 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-30T20:42:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T15:42:46Z", "ms": 1446219766088.3792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:55 on Fri 30 Oct to 05:56 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z → 2015-10-31T00:55:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:48 on the 29th and 20:43 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2015 falls on Friday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 07:55 on Fri 30 Oct to 05:56 on Sat 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-10-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T07:54:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z", "ms": 1446173688202.2532 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-31T05:55:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-31T00:55:50Z", "ms": 1446252950455.2288 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T07:54:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z", "ms": 1446173688202.2532 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-31T05:55:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-31T00:55:50Z", "ms": 1446252950455.2288 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-29T19:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-29T14:48:16Z", "ms": 1446130096317.1785 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-29T19:48:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-29T14:48:16Z", "ms": 1446130096317.1785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-10-30T20:42:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T15:42:46Z", "ms": 1446219766088.3792 }, "end": { "local": "2015-10-30T20:42:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-10-30T15:42:46Z", "ms": 1446219766088.3792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:55 on Fri 30 Oct to 05:56 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "2015-10-30T02:54:48Z → 2015-10-31T00:55:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:48 on the 29th and 20:43 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Friday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 07:55 on Fri 30 Oct to 05:56 on Sat 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-03T04:50:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-02T23:50:26Z", "ms": 1446508226390.3164 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-04T06:08:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-04T01:08:36Z", "ms": 1446599316263.9136 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-03T04:50:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-02T23:50:26Z", "ms": 1446508226390.3164 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-04T06:08:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-04T01:08:36Z", "ms": 1446599316263.9136 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-02T23:28:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-02T18:28:02Z", "ms": 1446488881706.4175 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-02T23:28:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-02T18:28:02Z", "ms": 1446488881706.4175 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-04T00:21:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-03T19:21:09Z", "ms": 1446578468710.1992 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-04T00:21:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-03T19:21:09Z", "ms": 1446578468710.1992 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:50 on Tue 3 Nov to 06:09 on Wed 4 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-02T23:50:26Z → 2015-11-04T01:08:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:28 on the 2nd and 00:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 2015 falls on Tuesday 3 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:50 on Tue 3 Nov to 06:09 on Wed 4 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-11-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-06T10:34:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-06T05:34:41Z", "ms": 1446788081296.3452 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-07T13:17:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T08:17:20Z", "ms": 1446884239858.5366 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-06T10:34:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-06T05:34:41Z", "ms": 1446788081296.3452 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-07T13:17:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T08:17:20Z", "ms": 1446884239858.5366 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-06T06:42:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-06T01:42:09Z", "ms": 1446774129023.8132 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-06T06:42:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-06T01:42:09Z", "ms": 1446774129023.8132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-07T06:42:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T01:42:47Z", "ms": 1446860567451.1436 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-07T06:42:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T01:42:47Z", "ms": 1446860567451.1436 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:35 on Fri 6 Nov to 13:17 on Sat 7 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-06T05:34:41Z → 2015-11-07T08:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 6th and 06:43 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Ramā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Saturday 7 November. Ekādaśī runs from 10:35 on Fri 6 Nov to 13:17 on Sat 7 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-11-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-07T13:17:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T08:17:20Z", "ms": 1446884239858.5366 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-07T13:17:20+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T08:17:20Z", "ms": 1446884239858.5366 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-07T17:48:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T12:48:09Z", "ms": 1446900488817.2146 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-07T19:31:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-07T14:31:31Z", "ms": 1446906691148.7961 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T17:47:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T12:47:37Z", "ms": 1446986857211.8882 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-08T19:31:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T14:31:09Z", "ms": 1446993068992.78 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 13:17 on Sat 7 Nov to 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-07T08:17:20Z → 2015-11-08T11:01:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:32 on the 7th, 17:48–19:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 104 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2015 falls on Saturday 7 November. Dvādaśī runs from 13:17 on Sat 7 Nov to 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2964, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T17:47:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T12:47:37Z", "ms": 1446986857211.8882 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-08T19:31:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T14:31:09Z", "ms": 1446993068992.78 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T17:47:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T12:47:07Z", "ms": 1447073226908.3157 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T19:30:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1447079448017.7454 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov to 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z → 2015-11-09T13:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:31 on the 8th, 17:47–19:31 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 8th and 49 of 104 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2964 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dīpadāna 2015 falls on Sunday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov to 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 49 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-11-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2964, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T16:01:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z", "ms": 1446980504593.9536 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-08T17:47:37+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T12:47:37Z", "ms": 1446986857211.8882 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-08T19:31:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-08T14:31:09Z", "ms": 1446993068992.78 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T17:47:07+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T12:47:07Z", "ms": 1447073226908.3157 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-09T19:30:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1447079448017.7454 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov to 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-08T11:01:45Z → 2015-11-09T13:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:31 on the 8th, 17:47–19:31 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 8th and 49 of 104 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2964 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Sunday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:02 on Sun 8 Nov to 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 49 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-11-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10721, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T23:51:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T18:51:56Z", "ms": 1447095116068.6768 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T00:39:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T19:39:56Z", "ms": 1447097996068.6768 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T23:52:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T18:52:02Z", "ms": 1447181521595.7986 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T00:40:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T19:40:02Z", "ms": 1447184401595.7986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov to 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z → 2015-11-10T15:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 9th, 23:52–00:40 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10721 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Monday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Monday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov to 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-11-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-09T18:36:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z", "ms": 1447076191347.7905 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T05:01:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T00:01:04Z", "ms": 1447113664119.608 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T06:44:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T01:44:45Z", "ms": 1447119885229.0376 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T05:01:35+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T00:01:35Z", "ms": 1447200094955.6125 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T06:45:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T01:45:25Z", "ms": 1447206325268.2722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov to 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-09T13:36:31Z → 2015-11-10T15:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:01–06:45 on the 10th, 05:02–06:45 on the 11th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 104 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2015 falls on Tuesday 10 November. Caturdaśī runs from 18:37 on Mon 9 Nov to 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T23:52:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T18:52:02Z", "ms": 1447181521595.7986 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T00:40:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T19:40:02Z", "ms": 1447184401595.7986 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T23:52:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T18:52:08Z", "ms": 1447267927970.1318 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-12T00:40:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T19:40:08Z", "ms": 1447270807970.1318 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov to 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z → 2015-11-11T17:47:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 10th, 23:52–00:40 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kālī Pūjā 2015 falls on Tuesday 10 November. Amāvasyā runs from 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov to 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T20:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z", "ms": 1447170800836.6682 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-10T17:46:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T12:46:38Z", "ms": 1447159597923.325 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-10T19:30:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-10T14:30:28Z", "ms": 1447165828235.9846 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T17:46:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T12:46:10Z", "ms": 1447245970272.723 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T19:30:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T14:30:10Z", "ms": 1447252209658.6987 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov to 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-10T15:53:21Z → 2015-11-11T17:47:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:30 on the 10th, 17:46–19:30 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 10th and 104 of 104 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2015 falls on Wednesday 11 November. Amāvasyā runs from 20:53 on Tue 10 Nov to 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36440, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T11:51:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T06:51:48Z", "ms": 1447224707770.4976 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T12:39:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T07:39:48Z", "ms": 1447227587770.4976 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-12T11:51:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T06:51:55Z", "ms": 1447311114819.4287 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-12T12:39:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T07:39:55Z", "ms": 1447313994819.4287 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z → 2015-11-12T19:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 11th, 11:52–12:40 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36440 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Govardhana Pūjā 2015 falls on Thursday 12 November. Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T17:46:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T12:46:10Z", "ms": 1447245970272.723 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-11T19:30:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T14:30:10Z", "ms": 1447252209658.6987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-12T17:45:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T12:45:44Z", "ms": 1447332343971.3164 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-12T19:29:52+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T14:29:52Z", "ms": 1447338592296.0195 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z → 2015-11-12T19:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:46–19:30 on the 11th, 17:46–19:30 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 11th and 104 of 104 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Bali Pūjā 2015 falls on Thursday 12 November. Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23476, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-11T22:47:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z", "ms": 1447264028031.4216 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-12T06:46:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T01:46:06Z", "ms": 1447292765667.5408 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-12T10:25:58+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T05:25:58Z", "ms": 1447305958435.466 } }, "covered_min": 220, "window_min": 220, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-13T06:46:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T01:46:46Z", "ms": 1447379206406.5906 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T10:26:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T05:26:17Z", "ms": 1447392377282.05 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 220, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-11T17:47:08Z → 2015-11-12T19:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:46–10:26 on the 12th, 06:47–10:26 on the 13th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 220 of 220 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 220 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23476 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dyūta Pratipad 2015 falls on Thursday 12 November. Pratipadā runs from 22:47 on Wed 11 Nov to 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-14T01:17:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1447445873400.3113 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-13T00:15:30+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z", "ms": 1447355730117.1184 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-14T01:17:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1447445873400.3113 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-13T11:52:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T06:52:03Z", "ms": 1447397522719.7798 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-13T12:40:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-13T07:40:03Z", "ms": 1447400402719.7798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-14T11:52:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T06:52:11Z", "ms": 1447483931467.213 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-14T12:40:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T07:40:11Z", "ms": 1447486811467.213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov to 01:18 on Sat 14 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-12T19:15:30Z → 2015-11-13T20:17:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Karachi, 2015: Friday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2015 falls on Friday 13 November. Dvitīyā runs from 00:16 on Fri 13 Nov to 01:18 on Sat 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T01:54:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z", "ms": 1447534477709.0032 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T02:06:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T21:06:11Z", "ms": 1447621571225.2363 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T01:54:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z", "ms": 1447534477709.0032 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T02:06:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T21:06:11Z", "ms": 1447621571225.2363 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T11:52:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T06:52:21Z", "ms": 1447570341056.3662 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-15T12:40:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T07:40:21Z", "ms": 1447573221056.3662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-16T11:52:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T06:52:31Z", "ms": 1447656751480.9983 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T12:40:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T07:40:31Z", "ms": 1447659631480.9983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:55 on Sun 15 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 16 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z → 2015-11-15T21:06:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 15th, 11:53–12:41 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35180 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Caturthī 2015 falls on Sunday 15 November. Caturthī runs from 01:55 on Sun 15 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 16 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-11-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T01:54:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z", "ms": 1447534477709.0032 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T02:06:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T21:06:11Z", "ms": 1447621571225.2363 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T01:54:38+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z", "ms": 1447534477709.0032 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T02:06:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T21:06:11Z", "ms": 1447621571225.2363 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-15T11:52:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T06:52:21Z", "ms": 1447570341056.3662 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-15T12:40:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-15T07:40:21Z", "ms": 1447573221056.3662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-16T11:52:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T06:52:31Z", "ms": 1447656751480.9983 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-16T12:40:31+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T07:40:31Z", "ms": 1447659631480.9983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:55 on Sun 15 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 16 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-14T20:54:38Z → 2015-11-15T21:06:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 15th, 11:53–12:41 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35180 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Sunday 15 November. Caturthī runs from 01:55 on Sun 15 Nov to 02:06 on Mon 16 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36000, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-17T01:52:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T20:52:43Z", "ms": 1447707163180.076 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-18T01:13:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-17T20:13:57Z", "ms": 1447791237268.2244 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-17T01:52:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-16T20:52:43Z", "ms": 1447707163180.076 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-18T01:13:57+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-17T20:13:57Z", "ms": 1447791237268.2244 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-17T11:52:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-17T06:52:43Z", "ms": 1447743162734.156 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-17T12:40:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-17T07:40:43Z", "ms": 1447746042734.156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-18T11:52:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T06:52:55Z", "ms": 1447829574808.355 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-18T12:40:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T07:40:55Z", "ms": 1447832454808.355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:53 on Tue 17 Nov to 01:14 on Wed 18 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-16T20:52:43Z → 2015-11-17T20:13:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 17th, 11:53–12:41 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36000 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2015 falls on Tuesday 17 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:53 on Tue 17 Nov to 01:14 on Wed 18 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T00:09:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T19:09:24Z", "ms": 1447873764432.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T00:09:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T19:09:24Z", "ms": 1447873764432.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-18T11:52:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T06:52:55Z", "ms": 1447829574808.355 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-18T12:40:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-18T07:40:55Z", "ms": 1447832454808.355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T11:53:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T06:53:08Z", "ms": 1447915987695.774 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-19T12:41:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T07:41:08Z", "ms": 1447918867695.774 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:09 on Thu 19 Nov to 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-18T19:09:24Z → 2015-11-19T17:38:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 18th, 11:53–12:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Gopāṣṭamī 2015 falls on Thursday 19 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:09 on Thu 19 Nov to 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T20:42:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T15:42:44Z", "ms": 1448034164442.1853 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T20:42:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T15:42:44Z", "ms": 1448034164442.1853 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-20T06:51:39+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T01:51:39Z", "ms": 1447984299130.668 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T10:28:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T05:28:47Z", "ms": 1447997327302.5237 } }, "covered_min": 217, "window_min": 217, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-21T06:52:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T01:52:22Z", "ms": 1448070741722.1672 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-21T10:29:11+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T05:29:11Z", "ms": 1448083751159.702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 217, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov to 20:43 on Fri 20 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z → 2015-11-20T15:42:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:52–10:29 on the 20th, 06:52–10:29 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 217 of 217 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 217 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2015 falls on Friday 20 November. Navamī runs from 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov to 20:43 on Fri 20 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28883, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T20:42:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T15:42:44Z", "ms": 1448034164442.1853 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T22:38:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z", "ms": 1447954729652.643 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T20:42:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T15:42:44Z", "ms": 1448034164442.1853 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-19T11:53:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T06:53:08Z", "ms": 1447915987695.774 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-19T12:41:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-19T07:41:08Z", "ms": 1447918867695.774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-20T11:53:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T06:53:21Z", "ms": 1448002401388.4517 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-20T12:41:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-20T07:41:21Z", "ms": 1448005281388.4517 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov to 20:43 on Fri 20 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-19T17:38:50Z → 2015-11-20T15:42:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28883 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Karachi, 2015: Friday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Durgā Navamī 2015 falls on Friday 20 November. Navamī runs from 22:39 on Thu 19 Nov to 20:43 on Fri 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31784, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-21T18:22:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T13:22:56Z", "ms": 1448112176248.722 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-22T15:42:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-22T10:42:48Z", "ms": 1448188968177.3384 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-21T18:22:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T13:22:56Z", "ms": 1448112176248.722 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-22T15:42:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-22T10:42:48Z", "ms": 1448188968177.3384 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-21T06:52:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T01:52:22Z", "ms": 1448070741722.1672 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-21T06:52:22+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-21T01:52:22Z", "ms": 1448070741722.1672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-22T06:53:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-22T01:53:04Z", "ms": 1448157184428.9126 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-22T06:53:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-22T01:53:04Z", "ms": 1448157184428.9126 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 15:43 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-21T13:22:56Z → 2015-11-22T10:42:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 21st and 06:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31784 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Sunday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 15:43 on Sun 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-11-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17701, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-23T12:47:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-23T07:47:26Z", "ms": 1448264846335.106 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-24T09:43:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T04:43:36Z", "ms": 1448340215608.3496 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-23T12:47:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-23T07:47:26Z", "ms": 1448264846335.106 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-24T09:43:36+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T04:43:36Z", "ms": 1448340215608.3496 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-23T17:42:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-23T12:42:27Z", "ms": 1448282547213.8767 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-23T19:28:04+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-23T14:28:04Z", "ms": 1448288883596.9556 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-24T17:42:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T12:42:18Z", "ms": 1448368938024.6333 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-24T19:28:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T14:28:01Z", "ms": 1448375281353.1294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:47 on Mon 23 Nov to 09:44 on Tue 24 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-23T07:47:26Z → 2015-11-24T04:43:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:28 on the 23rd, 17:42–19:28 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 106 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17701 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Monday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Monday 23 November. Trayodaśī runs from 12:47 on Mon 23 Nov to 09:44 on Tue 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T06:39:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z", "ms": 1448415566414.1794 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T03:44:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T22:44:15Z", "ms": 1448491454615.662 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T06:39:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z", "ms": 1448415566414.1794 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T03:44:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T22:44:15Z", "ms": 1448491454615.662 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T11:54:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T06:54:42Z", "ms": 1448434481658.6138 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-25T12:42:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T07:42:42Z", "ms": 1448437361658.6138 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-26T11:55:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-26T06:55:00Z", "ms": 1448520900019.6675 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T12:43:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-26T07:43:00Z", "ms": 1448523780019.6675 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:39 on Wed 25 Nov to 03:44 on Thu 26 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z → 2015-11-25T22:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 25th, 11:55–12:43 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2015 falls on Wednesday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:39 on Wed 25 Nov to 03:44 on Thu 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T06:39:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z", "ms": 1448415566414.1794 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T03:44:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T22:44:15Z", "ms": 1448491454615.662 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T06:39:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z", "ms": 1448415566414.1794 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T03:44:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T22:44:15Z", "ms": 1448491454615.662 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-24T23:54:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T18:54:46Z", "ms": 1448391285506.494 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-25T00:42:46+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-24T19:42:46Z", "ms": 1448394165506.494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-25T23:55:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T18:55:03Z", "ms": 1448477703116.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-26T00:43:03+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-25T19:43:03Z", "ms": 1448480583116.5737 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:39 on Wed 25 Nov to 03:44 on Thu 26 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-25T01:39:26Z → 2015-11-25T22:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 24th, 23:55–00:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Rāsayātrā 2015 falls on Wednesday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:39 on Wed 25 Nov to 03:44 on Thu 26 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-11-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-11-28", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-11-28T21:31:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-28T16:31:06Z", "ms": 1448728265942.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-29T20:47:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-29T15:47:27Z", "ms": 1448812046944.6738 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-11-28T21:31:06+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-28T16:31:06Z", "ms": 1448728265942.3276 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-29T20:47:27+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-29T15:47:27Z", "ms": 1448812046944.6738 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-28T20:18:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-28T15:18:26Z", "ms": 1448723906098.6848 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-28T20:18:26+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-28T15:18:26Z", "ms": 1448723906098.6848 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-11-29T21:15:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-29T16:15:01Z", "ms": 1448813700724.983 }, "end": { "local": "2015-11-29T21:15:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-11-29T16:15:01Z", "ms": 1448813700724.983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:31 on Sat 28 Nov to 20:47 on Sun 29 Nov.", "fact": "2015-11-28T16:31:06Z → 2015-11-29T15:47:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:18 on the 28th and 21:15 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Saturday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-28", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-11-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Saturday 28 November. Caturthī runs from 21:31 on Sat 28 Nov to 20:47 on Sun 29 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-12-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-06T07:18:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-06T02:18:33Z", "ms": 1449368313003.0884 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-07T09:53:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-07T04:53:08Z", "ms": 1449463987940.0903 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-06T07:18:33+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-06T02:18:33Z", "ms": 1449368313003.0884 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-07T09:53:08+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-07T04:53:08Z", "ms": 1449463987940.0903 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-06T07:02:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-06T02:02:59Z", "ms": 1449367379231.0774 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-06T07:02:59+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-06T02:02:59Z", "ms": 1449367379231.0774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-07T07:03:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-07T02:03:40Z", "ms": 1449453820205.3787 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-07T07:03:40+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-07T02:03:40Z", "ms": 1449453820205.3787 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:19 on Sun 6 Dec to 09:53 on Mon 7 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-06T02:18:33Z → 2015-12-07T04:53:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:03 on the 6th and 07:04 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Monday 7 December. Ekādaśī runs from 07:19 on Sun 6 Dec to 09:53 on Mon 7 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-12-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14189, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-08T12:05:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-08T07:05:02Z", "ms": 1449558301854.184 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-09T13:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T08:46:32Z", "ms": 1449650792271.1465 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-08T12:05:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-08T07:05:02Z", "ms": 1449558301854.184 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-09T13:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T08:46:32Z", "ms": 1449650792271.1465 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-08T17:42:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-08T12:42:48Z", "ms": 1449578567598.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-08T19:29:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-08T14:29:45Z", "ms": 1449584985372.2126 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-09T17:43:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T12:43:01Z", "ms": 1449664980849.5593 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-09T19:30:02+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T14:30:02Z", "ms": 1449671402140.6904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:05 on Tue 8 Dec to 13:47 on Wed 9 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-08T07:05:02Z → 2015-12-09T08:46:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:30 on the 8th, 17:43–19:30 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 107 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14189 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Tuesday 8 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:05 on Tue 8 Dec to 13:47 on Wed 9 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-12-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32779, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-09T13:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T08:46:32Z", "ms": 1449650792271.1465 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-10T14:54:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-10T09:54:29Z", "ms": 1449741268972.354 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-09T13:46:32+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T08:46:32Z", "ms": 1449650792271.1465 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-10T14:54:29+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-10T09:54:29Z", "ms": 1449741268972.354 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-10T00:00:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T19:00:21Z", "ms": 1449687620691.3008 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-10T00:48:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-09T19:48:21Z", "ms": 1449690500691.3008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-11T00:00:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-10T19:00:48Z", "ms": 1449774047574.7087 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-11T00:48:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-10T19:48:48Z", "ms": 1449776927574.7087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:47 on Wed 9 Dec to 14:54 on Thu 10 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-09T08:46:32Z → 2015-12-10T09:54:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:00–00:48 on the 9th, 00:01–00:49 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32779 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śivarātri 2015 falls on Wednesday 9 December. Caturdaśī runs from 13:47 on Wed 9 Dec to 14:54 on Thu 10 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/shivaratri?on=2015-12-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-12-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2430, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-14T14:31:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-14T09:31:09Z", "ms": 1450085469407.4673 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-15T13:31:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T08:31:19Z", "ms": 1450168279181.693 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-14T14:31:09+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-14T09:31:09Z", "ms": 1450085469407.4673 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-15T13:31:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T08:31:19Z", "ms": 1450168279181.693 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-14T12:02:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-14T07:02:21Z", "ms": 1450076540580.7876 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-14T12:50:21+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-14T07:50:21Z", "ms": 1450079420580.7876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-15T12:02:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T07:02:50Z", "ms": 1450162969531.9866 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-15T12:50:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T07:50:50Z", "ms": 1450165849531.9866 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:31 on Mon 14 Dec to 13:31 on Tue 15 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-14T09:31:09Z → 2015-12-15T08:31:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 14th, 12:03–12:51 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2430 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Vināyaka Caturthī 2015 falls on Tuesday 15 December. Caturthī runs from 14:31 on Mon 14 Dec to 13:31 on Tue 15 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2015-12-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-15T13:31:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T08:31:19Z", "ms": 1450168279181.693 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-15T13:31:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T08:31:19Z", "ms": 1450168279181.693 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-15T12:02:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T07:02:50Z", "ms": 1450162969531.9866 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-15T12:50:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-15T07:50:50Z", "ms": 1450165849531.9866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:03:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:03:19Z", "ms": 1450249398735.582 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:51:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:51:19Z", "ms": 1450252278735.582 } }, "covered_min": 13, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:31 on Tue 15 Dec to 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-15T08:31:19Z → 2015-12-16T07:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:03–12:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 13 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2015 falls on Wednesday 16 December. Pañcamī runs from 13:31 on Tue 15 Dec to 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec and covers 13 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:03:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:03:19Z", "ms": 1450249398735.582 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:51:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:51:19Z", "ms": 1450252278735.582 } }, "covered_min": 35, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:03:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:03:48Z", "ms": 1450335828155.4253 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:51:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:51:48Z", "ms": 1450338708155.4253 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec to 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z → 2015-12-17T05:48:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 16th, 12:04–12:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 35 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2015 falls on Wednesday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec to 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec and covers 35 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:16:41+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z", "ms": 1450250201206.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:03:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:03:19Z", "ms": 1450249398735.582 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-16T12:51:19+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-16T07:51:19Z", "ms": 1450252278735.582 } }, "covered_min": 35, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:03:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:03:48Z", "ms": 1450335828155.4253 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:51:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:51:48Z", "ms": 1450338708155.4253 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec to 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-16T07:16:41Z → 2015-12-17T05:48:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 16th, 12:04–12:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 35 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2015 falls on Wednesday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:17 on Wed 16 Dec to 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec and covers 35 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4493, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-18T09:08:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-18T04:08:50Z", "ms": 1450411730345.9517 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-17T10:48:56+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z", "ms": 1450331335561.605 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-18T09:08:50+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-18T04:08:50Z", "ms": 1450411730345.9517 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:03:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:03:48Z", "ms": 1450335828155.4253 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-17T12:51:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-17T07:51:48Z", "ms": 1450338708155.4253 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-18T12:04:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-18T07:04:18Z", "ms": 1450422257755.918 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-18T12:52:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-18T07:52:18Z", "ms": 1450425137755.918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec to 09:09 on Fri 18 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-17T05:48:56Z → 2015-12-18T04:08:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 17th, 12:04–12:52 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4493 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mitra Saptamī 2015 falls on Thursday 17 December. Saptamī runs from 10:49 on Thu 17 Dec to 09:09 on Fri 18 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-12-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-21T03:01:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-20T22:01:01Z", "ms": 1450648861056.639 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T00:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T19:41:44Z", "ms": 1450726903574.745 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-21T03:01:01+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-20T22:01:01Z", "ms": 1450648861056.639 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T00:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T19:41:44Z", "ms": 1450726903574.745 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-21T07:12:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T02:12:12Z", "ms": 1450663931602.3015 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-21T07:12:12+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T02:12:12Z", "ms": 1450663931602.3015 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T07:12:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T02:12:42Z", "ms": 1450750361986.01 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T07:12:42+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T02:12:42Z", "ms": 1450750361986.01 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:01 on Mon 21 Dec to 00:42 on Tue 22 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-20T22:01:01Z → 2015-12-21T19:41:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:12 on the 21st and 07:13 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2015 falls on Monday 21 December. Ekādaśī runs from 03:01 on Mon 21 Dec to 00:42 on Tue 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/ekadashi?on=2015-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33967, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T00:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T19:41:44Z", "ms": 1450726903574.745 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T22:20:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T17:20:24Z", "ms": 1450804824139.601 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T00:41:44+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T19:41:44Z", "ms": 1450726903574.745 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T22:20:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T17:20:24Z", "ms": 1450804824139.601 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-21T12:05:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T07:05:47Z", "ms": 1450681547298.2021 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-21T12:53:47+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-21T07:53:47Z", "ms": 1450684427298.2021 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T12:06:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T07:06:17Z", "ms": 1450767977283.308 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T12:54:17+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T07:54:17Z", "ms": 1450770857283.308 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:42 on Tue 22 Dec to 22:20 on Tue 22 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-21T19:41:44Z → 2015-12-22T17:20:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 21st, 12:06–12:54 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33967 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Karachi, 2015: Tuesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2015 falls on Tuesday 22 December. Dvādaśī runs from 00:42 on Tue 22 Dec to 22:20 on Tue 22 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T22:20:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T17:20:24Z", "ms": 1450804824139.601 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-23T20:03:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-23T15:03:10Z", "ms": 1450882989659.3704 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T22:20:24+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T17:20:24Z", "ms": 1450804824139.601 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-23T20:03:10+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-23T15:03:10Z", "ms": 1450882989659.3704 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-22T17:47:53+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T12:47:53Z", "ms": 1450788472580.606 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-22T19:35:15+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-22T14:35:15Z", "ms": 1450794915083.3074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2015-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-23T17:48:23+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-23T12:48:23Z", "ms": 1450874903219.4146 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-23T19:35:45+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-23T14:35:45Z", "ms": 1450881345412.4478 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:20 on Tue 22 Dec to 20:03 on Wed 23 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-22T17:20:24Z → 2015-12-23T15:03:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:35 on the 22nd, 17:48–19:36 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 22nd and 107 of 107 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Karachi, 2015: Wednesday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2015 falls on Wednesday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 22:20 on Tue 22 Dec to 20:03 on Wed 23 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/pradosha-vrata?on=2015-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2015-12-24T17:57:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-24T12:57:25Z", "ms": 1450961845491.65 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-25T16:11:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-25T11:11:28Z", "ms": 1451041888366.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-24T17:57:25+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-24T12:57:25Z", "ms": 1450961845491.65 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-25T16:11:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-25T11:11:28Z", "ms": 1451041888366.648 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-24T17:48:55+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-24T12:48:55Z", "ms": 1450961334880.1284 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-24T19:36:16+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-24T14:36:16Z", "ms": 1450967776483.6548 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-25T17:49:28+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-25T12:49:28Z", "ms": 1451047767531.8982 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-25T19:36:48+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-25T14:36:48Z", "ms": 1451054208266.5535 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 17:57 on Thu 24 Dec to 16:11 on Fri 25 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-24T12:57:25Z → 2015-12-25T11:11:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:49–19:36 on the 24th, 17:49–19:37 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 107 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 107 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Karachi, 2015: Thursday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2015 falls on Thursday 24 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 17:57 on Thu 24 Dec to 16:11 on Fri 25 Dec and covers 99 of 107 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-12-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1174872", "year": 2015, "local_date": "2015-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2015-12-28T14:12:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-28T09:12:51Z", "ms": 1451293970825.948 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-29T14:58:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-29T09:58:43Z", "ms": 1451383122843.6812 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2015-12-28T14:12:51+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-28T09:12:51Z", "ms": 1451293970825.948 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-29T14:58:43+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-29T09:58:43Z", "ms": 1451383122843.6812 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2015-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-28T20:51:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-28T15:51:18Z", "ms": 1451317878297.1907 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-28T20:51:18+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-28T15:51:18Z", "ms": 1451317878297.1907 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2015-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2015-12-29T21:45:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-29T16:45:00Z", "ms": 1451407500104.2551 }, "end": { "local": "2015-12-29T21:45:00+05:00", "utc": "2015-12-29T16:45:00Z", "ms": 1451407500104.2551 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:13 on Mon 28 Dec to 14:59 on Tue 29 Dec.", "fact": "2015-12-28T09:12:51Z → 2015-12-29T09:58:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:51 on the 28th and 21:45 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Karachi, 2015: Monday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2015-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Karachi, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2015 falls on Monday 28 December. Caturthī runs from 14:13 on Mon 28 Dec to 14:59 on Tue 29 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/karachi/festivals/2015/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2015-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }