{ "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948", "place": { "id": "12359313", "slug": "qingyang", "name": "Qingyang", "region": "Gansu, China", "country": "CN", "lat": 35.70976, "lon": 107.64455, "elevation_m": 1427, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1948, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-01-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 78, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-06T07:02:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-05T23:02:15Z", "ms": -693881865441.7511 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-07T08:01:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-07T00:01:34Z", "ms": -693791906087.88 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-06T07:02:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-05T23:02:15Z", "ms": -693881865441.7511 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-07T08:01:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-07T00:01:34Z", "ms": -693791906087.88 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-06T08:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-06T00:00:13Z", "ms": -693878387363.6965 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-06T08:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-06T00:00:13Z", "ms": -693878387363.6965 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-07T08:00:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-07T00:00:16Z", "ms": -693791984454.159 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-07T08:00:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-07T00:00:16Z", "ms": -693791984454.159 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:02 on Tue 6 Jan to 08:02 on Wed 7 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-05T23:02:15Z → 1948-01-07T00:01:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:00 on the 6th and 08:00 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 78 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 7 January. Ekādaśī runs from 07:02 on Tue 6 Jan to 08:02 on Wed 7 Jan and is current at sunrise that day. It is 1 min 18 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-01-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23615, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-08T09:29:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T01:29:00Z", "ms": -693700259834.8125 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-09T11:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T03:18:39Z", "ms": -693607281296.5378 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-08T09:29:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T01:29:00Z", "ms": -693700259834.8125 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-09T11:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T03:18:39Z", "ms": -693607281296.5378 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-08T17:51:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T09:51:21Z", "ms": -693670119069.0494 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-08T19:44:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T11:44:32Z", "ms": -693663327788.8344 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-09T17:52:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T09:52:14Z", "ms": -693583665890.2504 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-09T19:45:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T11:45:18Z", "ms": -693576882092.1459 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:29 on Thu 8 Jan to 11:19 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-08T01:29:00Z → 1948-01-09T03:18:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:51–19:45 on the 8th, 17:52–19:45 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 113 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23615 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Thursday 8 January. Trayodaśī runs from 09:29 on Thu 8 Jan to 11:19 on Fri 9 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-01-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-09T11:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T03:18:39Z", "ms": -693607281296.5378 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-10T13:25:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-10T05:25:16Z", "ms": -693513283629.3146 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-09T11:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T03:18:39Z", "ms": -693607281296.5378 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-10T13:25:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-10T05:25:16Z", "ms": -693513283629.3146 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-09T00:31:48+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T16:31:48Z", "ms": -693646091768.2427 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-09T01:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-08T17:19:48Z", "ms": -693643211768.2427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-10T00:32:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T16:32:13Z", "ms": -693559666647.3584 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-10T01:20:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-09T17:20:13Z", "ms": -693556786647.3584 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:19 on Fri 9 Jan to 13:25 on Sat 10 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-09T03:18:39Z → 1948-01-10T05:25:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:32–01:20 on the 8th, 00:32–01:20 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Friday 9 January. Caturdaśī runs from 11:19 on Fri 9 Jan to 13:25 on Sat 10 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2140, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T06:19:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-12T22:19:01Z", "ms": -690601258691.5675 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-13T17:55:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-13T09:55:56Z", "ms": -693237844449.5167 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-15T17:57:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T09:57:51Z", "ms": -693064929238.0105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:57, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:58.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 2140 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1948-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1948-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Bhogi 1948 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2140, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T06:19:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-12T22:19:01Z", "ms": -690601258691.5675 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-13T17:55:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-13T09:55:56Z", "ms": -693237844449.5167 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-15T17:57:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T09:57:51Z", "ms": -693064929238.0105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:57, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:58.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 2140 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Pongal 1948 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23927, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T06:19:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-12T22:19:01Z", "ms": -690601258691.5675 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -693216000000 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -693129600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -693129600000 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-16T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T16:00:00Z", "ms": -693043200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Qingyang.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 23927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Makara Saṅkrānti 1948 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2140, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T06:19:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-12T22:19:01Z", "ms": -690601258691.5675 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z", "ms": -693153526908.2714 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-13T17:55:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-13T09:55:56Z", "ms": -693237844449.5167 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T17:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T09:56:53Z", "ms": -693151387174.3585 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-15T17:57:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T09:57:51Z", "ms": -693064929238.0105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1948-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-14T09:21:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:57, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:58.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 2140 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mattu Pongal 1948 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:21 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-01-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T23:20:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T15:20:17Z", "ms": -693131982674.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-16T01:48:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T17:48:20Z", "ms": -693036700014.476 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T23:20:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T15:20:17Z", "ms": -693131982674.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-16T01:48:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T17:48:20Z", "ms": -693036700014.476 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-14T12:34:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T04:34:17Z", "ms": -693170742973.492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-14T13:22:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-14T05:22:17Z", "ms": -693167862973.492 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-15T12:34:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T04:34:40Z", "ms": -693084320378.291 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-15T13:22:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-15T05:22:40Z", "ms": -693081440378.291 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:20 on Wed 14 Jan to 01:48 on Fri 16 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-14T15:20:17Z → 1948-01-15T17:48:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 14th, 12:35–13:23 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Thursday 15 January. Caturthī runs from 23:20 on Wed 14 Jan to 01:48 on Fri 16 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-01-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-01-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-22T06:25:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-21T22:25:56Z", "ms": -692501644368.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-23T04:33:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-22T20:33:03Z", "ms": -692422016648.6527 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-22T06:25:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-21T22:25:56Z", "ms": -692501644368.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-23T04:33:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-22T20:33:03Z", "ms": -692422016648.6527 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-22T07:57:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-21T23:57:05Z", "ms": -692496174896.9753 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-22T07:57:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-21T23:57:05Z", "ms": -692496174896.9753 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-23T07:56:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-22T23:56:37Z", "ms": -692409802950.8192 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-23T07:56:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-22T23:56:37Z", "ms": -692409802950.8192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:26 on Thu 22 Jan to 04:33 on Fri 23 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-21T22:25:56Z → 1948-01-22T20:33:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:57 on the 22nd and 07:57 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Putradā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 22 January. Ekādaśī runs from 06:26 on Thu 22 Jan to 04:33 on Fri 23 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-24T01:56:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-23T17:56:24Z", "ms": -692345015678.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-24T22:43:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-24T14:43:49Z", "ms": -692270171074.9586 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-24T01:56:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-23T17:56:24Z", "ms": -692345015678.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-24T22:43:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-24T14:43:49Z", "ms": -692270171074.9586 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-23T18:05:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-23T10:05:52Z", "ms": -692373247832.6952 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-23T19:56:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-23T11:56:34Z", "ms": -692366605833.5654 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-24T18:06:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-24T10:06:54Z", "ms": -692286786095.2953 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-24T19:57:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-24T11:57:23Z", "ms": -692280156554.2427 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:56 on Sat 24 Jan to 22:44 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-23T17:56:24Z → 1948-01-24T14:43:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:57 on the 23rd, 18:07–19:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 23rd and 110 of 110 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 01:56 on Sat 24 Jan to 22:44 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-01-29", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-01-29T03:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-28T19:58:21Z", "ms": -691905698583.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-30T01:01:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-29T17:01:20Z", "ms": -691829920417.506 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-01-29T03:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-28T19:58:21Z", "ms": -691905698583.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-30T01:01:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-29T17:01:20Z", "ms": -691829920417.506 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-28T20:39:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-28T12:39:13Z", "ms": -691932046721.8477 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-28T20:39:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-28T12:39:13Z", "ms": -691932046721.8477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-01-29T21:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-29T13:51:28Z", "ms": -691841311746.6791 }, "end": { "local": "1948-01-29T21:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-01-29T13:51:28Z", "ms": -691841311746.6791 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:58 on Thu 29 Jan to 01:01 on Fri 30 Jan.", "fact": "1948-01-28T19:58:21Z → 1948-01-29T17:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 28th and 21:51 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Thursday 29 January. Caturthī runs from 03:58 on Thu 29 Jan to 01:01 on Fri 30 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-01-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-02-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-04T23:07:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-04T15:07:47Z", "ms": -691318332965.5555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-06T01:08:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-05T17:08:07Z", "ms": -691224713071.0094 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-04T23:07:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-04T15:07:47Z", "ms": -691318332965.5555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-06T01:08:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-05T17:08:07Z", "ms": -691224713071.0094 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-05T07:47:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-04T23:47:55Z", "ms": -691287124928.5825 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-05T07:47:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-04T23:47:55Z", "ms": -691287124928.5825 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-06T07:47:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-05T23:47:04Z", "ms": -691200776226.9602 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-06T07:47:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-05T23:47:04Z", "ms": -691200776226.9602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:08 on Wed 4 Feb to 01:08 on Fri 6 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-04T15:07:47Z → 1948-02-05T17:08:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:48 on the 5th and 07:47 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 5 February. Ekādaśī runs from 23:08 on Wed 4 Feb to 01:08 on Fri 6 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-02-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-07T03:27:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-06T19:27:19Z", "ms": -691129960803.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-07T03:27:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-06T19:27:19Z", "ms": -691129960803.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-06T18:20:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-06T10:20:25Z", "ms": -691162774702.8954 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-06T20:07:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-06T12:07:51Z", "ms": -691156328606.6007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-07T18:21:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T10:21:27Z", "ms": -691076312590.3542 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-07T20:08:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T12:08:38Z", "ms": -691069881999.9072 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:27 on Sat 7 Feb to 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-06T19:27:19Z → 1948-02-07T21:56:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–20:08 on the 6th, 18:21–20:09 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 6th and 107 of 107 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 7 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:27 on Sat 7 Feb to 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 75, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T08:30:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-09T00:30:00Z", "ms": -690939000088.0969 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T08:30:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-09T00:30:00Z", "ms": -690939000088.0969 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:58:06+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:58:06Z", "ms": -691034513752.4482 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-08T07:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T23:45:17Z", "ms": -691028083162.0012 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-09T05:57:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-08T21:57:26Z", "ms": -690948153664.3533 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T07:44:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-08T23:44:21Z", "ms": -690941738742.9702 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 08:30 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z → 1948-02-09T00:30:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:58–07:45 on the 8th, 05:57–07:44 on the 9th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 8th and 107 of 107 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 75 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Yama Tarpaṇa 1948 falls on Sunday 8 February. Caturdaśī runs from 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 08:30 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 107 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 1 min 15 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-02-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T08:30:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-09T00:30:00Z", "ms": -690939000088.0969 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T05:56:52+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z", "ms": -691034588326.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T08:30:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-09T00:30:00Z", "ms": -690939000088.0969 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-08T00:39:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T16:39:22Z", "ms": -691053637876.1777 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-08T01:27:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-07T17:27:22Z", "ms": -691050757876.1777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-09T00:39:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-08T16:39:25Z", "ms": -690967234698.1566 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-09T01:27:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-08T17:27:25Z", "ms": -690964354698.1566 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 08:30 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-07T21:56:52Z → 1948-02-09T00:30:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:39–01:27 on the 7th, 00:39–01:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Sunday 8 February. Caturdaśī runs from 05:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 08:30 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T17:51:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z", "ms": -690559706063.9191 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T17:51:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z", "ms": -690559706063.9191 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T18:27:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T10:27:36Z", "ms": -690557544358.3604 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T20:13:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T12:13:10Z", "ms": -690551209996.8861 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T18:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T10:28:36Z", "ms": -690471083909.3219 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T20:13:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T12:13:54Z", "ms": -690464766057.9991 } }, "covered_min": 70, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:52 on Fri 13 Feb to 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z → 1948-02-14T11:38:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:28–20:13 on the 13th, 18:29–20:14 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 13th and 70 of 105 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Tila Caturthī 1948 falls on Friday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 17:52 on Fri 13 Feb to 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 70 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T17:51:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z", "ms": -690559706063.9191 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T17:51:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z", "ms": -690559706063.9191 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-13T12:40:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T04:40:01Z", "ms": -690578399427.2653 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-13T13:28:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-13T05:28:01Z", "ms": -690575519427.2653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T12:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T04:40:00Z", "ms": -690492000278.3127 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T13:28:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T05:28:00Z", "ms": -690489120278.3127 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:52 on Fri 13 Feb to 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-13T09:51:34Z → 1948-02-14T11:38:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 13th, 12:40–13:28 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1948 falls on Saturday 14 February. Caturthī runs from 17:52 on Fri 13 Feb to 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22239, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T21:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T13:01:08Z", "ms": -690375531541.1937 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T21:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T13:01:08Z", "ms": -690375531541.1937 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T12:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T04:40:00Z", "ms": -690492000278.3127 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T13:28:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T05:28:00Z", "ms": -690489120278.3127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-15T12:39:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T04:39:58Z", "ms": -690405601895.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T13:27:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T05:27:58Z", "ms": -690402721895.8555 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:01 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z → 1948-02-15T13:01:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 14th, 12:40–13:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22239 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śrī Pañcamī 1948 falls on Sunday 15 February. Pañcamī runs from 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:01 on Sun 15 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22239, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T21:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T13:01:08Z", "ms": -690375531541.1937 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T19:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z", "ms": -690466881088.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T21:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T13:01:08Z", "ms": -690375531541.1937 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-14T12:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T04:40:00Z", "ms": -690492000278.3127 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-14T13:28:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-14T05:28:00Z", "ms": -690489120278.3127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-15T12:39:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T04:39:58Z", "ms": -690405601895.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-15T13:27:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-15T05:27:58Z", "ms": -690402721895.8555 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:01 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-14T11:38:39Z → 1948-02-15T13:01:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 14th, 12:40–13:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22239 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vasanta Pañcamī 1948 falls on Sunday 15 February. Pañcamī runs from 19:39 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:01 on Sun 15 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-16T21:51:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-16T13:51:59Z", "ms": -690286081137.6138 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-17T22:04:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-17T14:04:37Z", "ms": -690198922655.8552 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-16T21:51:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-16T13:51:59Z", "ms": -690286081137.6138 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-17T22:04:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-17T14:04:37Z", "ms": -690198922655.8552 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-17T05:51:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-16T21:51:25Z", "ms": -690257314815.6083 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-17T07:36:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-16T23:36:10Z", "ms": -690251030334.1503 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-18T05:50:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-17T21:50:35Z", "ms": -690170964837.4061 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-18T07:35:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-17T23:35:03Z", "ms": -690164697204.1208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:52 on Mon 16 Feb to 22:05 on Tue 17 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-16T13:51:59Z → 1948-02-17T14:04:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:51–07:36 on the 17th, 05:51–07:35 on the 18th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 104 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ratha Saptamī 1948 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Saptamī runs from 21:52 on Mon 16 Feb to 22:05 on Tue 17 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29335, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-20T18:19:29+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-20T10:19:29Z", "ms": -689953230593.5507 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-21T15:40:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": -689876368892.9933 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-20T18:19:29+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-20T10:19:29Z", "ms": -689953230593.5507 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-21T15:40:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": -689876368892.9933 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-20T07:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-19T23:32:46Z", "ms": -689992034212.2106 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-20T07:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-19T23:32:46Z", "ms": -689992034212.2106 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-21T07:31:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-20T23:31:36Z", "ms": -689905704283.0759 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-21T07:31:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-20T23:31:36Z", "ms": -689905704283.0759 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:19 on Fri 20 Feb to 15:41 on Sat 21 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-20T10:19:29Z → 1948-02-21T07:40:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:33 on the 20th and 07:32 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29335 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Jayā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Saturday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 18:19 on Fri 20 Feb to 15:41 on Sat 21 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-21T15:40:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": -689876368892.9933 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-22T12:28:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T04:28:56Z", "ms": -689801464365.2675 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-21T15:40:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T07:40:31Z", "ms": -689876368892.9933 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-22T12:28:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T04:28:56Z", "ms": -689801464365.2675 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-21T12:39:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T04:39:33Z", "ms": -689887227119.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-21T13:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-21T05:27:33Z", "ms": -689884347119.4653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-22T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T04:39:26Z", "ms": -689800833785.8623 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-22T13:27:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T05:27:26Z", "ms": -689797953785.8623 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:41 on Sat 21 Feb to 12:29 on Sun 22 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-21T07:40:31Z → 1948-02-22T04:28:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 21st, 12:39–13:27 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 22 February. Dvādaśī runs from 15:41 on Sat 21 Feb to 12:29 on Sun 22 Feb, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-02-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-22T12:28:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T04:28:56Z", "ms": -689801464365.2675 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-23T08:53:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T00:53:47Z", "ms": -689727972687.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-22T12:28:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T04:28:56Z", "ms": -689801464365.2675 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-23T08:53:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T00:53:47Z", "ms": -689727972687.73 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-22T18:36:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T10:36:28Z", "ms": -689779412219.3743 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-22T20:19:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-22T12:19:30Z", "ms": -689773230241.4235 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-23T18:37:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T10:37:25Z", "ms": -689692954837.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-23T20:20:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T12:20:10Z", "ms": -689686790238.7642 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:29 on Sun 22 Feb to 08:54 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-22T04:28:56Z → 1948-02-23T00:53:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–20:19 on the 22nd, 18:37–20:20 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 103 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 22 February. Trayodaśī runs from 12:29 on Sun 22 Feb to 08:54 on Mon 23 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27215, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-02-24T05:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T21:05:36Z", "ms": -689655264459.6702 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-25T01:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-24T17:15:40Z", "ms": -689582660380.6564 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-24T05:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-23T21:05:36Z", "ms": -689655264459.6702 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-25T01:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-24T17:15:40Z", "ms": -689582660380.6564 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-24T12:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-24T04:39:11Z", "ms": -689628049075.5957 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-24T13:27:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-24T05:27:11Z", "ms": -689625169075.5957 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-25T12:39:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-25T04:39:02Z", "ms": -689541657657.6029 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-25T13:27:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-25T05:27:02Z", "ms": -689538777657.6029 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 05:06 on Tue 24 Feb to 01:16 on Wed 25 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-23T21:05:36Z → 1948-02-24T17:15:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 24th, 12:39–13:27 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27215 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 24 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1948 falls on Tuesday 24 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 05:06 on Tue 24 Feb to 01:16 on Wed 25 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-02-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-02-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-02-27T15:30:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-27T07:30:09Z", "ms": -689358591024.3217 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-28T13:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-28T05:24:30Z", "ms": -689279729969.2219 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-02-27T15:30:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-27T07:30:09Z", "ms": -689358591024.3217 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-28T13:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-28T05:24:30Z", "ms": -689279729969.2219 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-27T21:47:29+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-27T13:47:29Z", "ms": -689335951457.8607 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-27T21:47:29+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-27T13:47:29Z", "ms": -689335951457.8607 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-02-28T22:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-28T14:55:39Z", "ms": -689245461367.271 }, "end": { "local": "1948-02-28T22:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-02-28T14:55:39Z", "ms": -689245461367.271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:30 on Fri 27 Feb to 13:25 on Sat 28 Feb.", "fact": "1948-02-27T07:30:09Z → 1948-02-28T05:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:47 on the 27th and 22:56 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 27 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Friday 27 February. Caturthī runs from 15:30 on Fri 27 Feb to 13:25 on Sat 28 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-02-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-03-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-05T17:20:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-05T09:20:02Z", "ms": -688747198360.5695 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-06T19:50:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-06T11:50:05Z", "ms": -688651795303.3656 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-05T17:20:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-05T09:20:02Z", "ms": -688747198360.5695 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-06T19:50:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-06T11:50:05Z", "ms": -688651795303.3656 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-05T07:15:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-04T23:15:07Z", "ms": -688783493446.5327 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-05T07:15:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-04T23:15:07Z", "ms": -688783493446.5327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-06T07:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-05T23:13:46Z", "ms": -688697174394.9559 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-06T07:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-05T23:13:46Z", "ms": -688697174394.9559 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:20 on Fri 5 Mar to 19:50 on Sat 6 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-05T09:20:02Z → 1948-03-06T11:50:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:15 on the 5th and 07:14 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36295 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Saturday 6 March. Ekādaśī runs from 17:20 on Fri 5 Mar to 19:50 on Sat 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-03-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6949, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-07T22:24:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-07T14:24:04Z", "ms": -688556156005.4686 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-09T00:53:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T16:53:18Z", "ms": -688460802498.18 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-07T22:24:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-07T14:24:04Z", "ms": -688556156005.4686 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-09T00:53:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T16:53:18Z", "ms": -688460802498.18 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-07T18:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-07T10:49:22Z", "ms": -688569038079.082 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-07T20:28:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-07T12:28:15Z", "ms": -688563104719.1373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-08T18:50:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T10:50:15Z", "ms": -688482584976.4801 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-08T20:28:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T12:28:50Z", "ms": -688476669693.927 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:24 on Sun 7 Mar to 00:53 on Tue 9 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-07T14:24:04Z → 1948-03-08T16:53:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:28 on the 7th, 18:50–20:29 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 7th and 99 of 99 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6949 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Monday 8 March. Trayodaśī runs from 22:24 on Sun 7 Mar to 00:53 on Tue 9 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-disputed" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-09T00:53:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T16:53:18Z", "ms": -688460802498.18 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-10T03:11:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-09T19:11:34Z", "ms": -688366106086.3533 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-09T00:53:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T16:53:18Z", "ms": -688460802498.18 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-10T03:11:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-09T19:11:34Z", "ms": -688366106086.3533 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-09T00:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T16:35:57Z", "ms": -688461842666.9058 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-09T01:23:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-08T17:23:57Z", "ms": -688458962666.9058 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-10T00:35:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-09T16:35:42Z", "ms": -688375457712.8318 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-10T01:23:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-09T17:23:42Z", "ms": -688372577712.8318 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:53 on Tue 9 Mar to 03:12 on Wed 10 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-08T16:53:18Z → 1948-03-09T19:11:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:36–01:24 on the 8th, 00:36–01:24 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 31 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the cited authorities disagree. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: disputed → greater-coverage · margin 1040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-disputed)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mahāśivarātri 1948 falls on Tuesday 9 March. Caturdaśī runs from 00:53 on Tue 9 Mar to 03:12 on Wed 10 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 31 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-03-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8715, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-14T09:30:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-14T01:30:26Z", "ms": -687997773544.7336 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-15T10:09:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-15T02:09:33Z", "ms": -687909026765.319 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-14T09:30:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-14T01:30:26Z", "ms": -687997773544.7336 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-15T10:09:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-15T02:09:33Z", "ms": -687909026765.319 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-14T12:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-14T04:35:05Z", "ms": -687986695341.1726 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-14T13:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-14T05:23:05Z", "ms": -687983815341.1726 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-15T12:34:48+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-15T04:34:48Z", "ms": -687900312038.5168 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-15T13:22:48+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-15T05:22:48Z", "ms": -687897432038.5168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:30 on Sun 14 Mar to 10:10 on Mon 15 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-14T01:30:26Z → 1948-03-15T02:09:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 14th, 12:35–13:23 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8715 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 14 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Sunday 14 March. Caturthī runs from 09:30 on Sun 14 Mar to 10:10 on Mon 15 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-03-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-03-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-21T03:06:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-20T19:06:41Z", "ms": -687415999014.7281 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-22T00:11:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-21T16:11:22Z", "ms": -687340117867.6796 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-21T03:06:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-20T19:06:41Z", "ms": -687415999014.7281 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-22T00:11:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-21T16:11:22Z", "ms": -687340117867.6796 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-21T06:52:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-20T22:52:43Z", "ms": -687402437230.1395 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-21T06:52:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-20T22:52:43Z", "ms": -687402437230.1395 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-22T06:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-21T22:51:17Z", "ms": -687316123353.0513 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-22T06:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-21T22:51:17Z", "ms": -687316123353.0513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:07 on Sun 21 Mar to 00:11 on Mon 22 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-20T19:06:41Z → 1948-03-21T16:11:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:53 on the 21st and 06:51 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 21 March. Ekādaśī runs from 03:07 on Sun 21 Mar to 00:11 on Mon 22 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-03-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-22T20:59:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-22T12:59:01Z", "ms": -687265258944.0009 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-23T17:38:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-23T09:38:16Z", "ms": -687190904255.1207 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-22T20:59:01+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-22T12:59:01Z", "ms": -687265258944.0009 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-23T17:38:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-23T09:38:16Z", "ms": -687190904255.1207 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-22T19:02:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-22T11:02:14Z", "ms": -687272266463.5039 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-22T20:36:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-22T12:36:34Z", "ms": -687266605541.2747 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-23T19:03:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-23T11:03:03Z", "ms": -687185816592.3492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-23T20:37:06+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-23T12:37:06Z", "ms": -687180173817.2958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:59 on Mon 22 Mar to 17:38 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-22T12:59:01Z → 1948-03-23T09:38:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:02–20:37 on the 22nd, 19:03–20:37 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 94 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Monday 22 March. Trayodaśī runs from 20:59 on Mon 22 Mar to 17:38 on Tue 23 Mar, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T14:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z", "ms": -687116481776.7999 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T14:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z", "ms": -687116481776.7999 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T16:36:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T08:36:47Z", "ms": -687108192634.5356 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-24T19:03:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T11:03:53Z", "ms": -687099366848.3075 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-25T16:37:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T08:37:10Z", "ms": -687021770174.4897 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T19:04:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T11:04:43Z", "ms": -687012917213.3129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Wed 24 Mar to 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z → 1948-03-25T03:10:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:37–19:04 on the 24th, 16:37–19:05 on the 25th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 147 of 147 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 148 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8289 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Holikā Dahana 1948 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Wed 24 Mar to 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T14:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z", "ms": -687116481776.7999 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T14:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z", "ms": -687116481776.7999 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-24T16:36:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T08:36:47Z", "ms": -687108192634.5356 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-24T19:03:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T11:03:53Z", "ms": -687099366848.3075 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-25T16:37:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T08:37:10Z", "ms": -687021770174.4897 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T19:04:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T11:04:43Z", "ms": -687012917213.3129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1948-03-24", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Wed 24 Mar to 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-24T06:18:38Z → 1948-03-25T03:10:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:37–19:04 on the 24th, 16:37–19:05 on the 25th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 147 of 147 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 148 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8289 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Wednesday 24 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Holī 1948 falls on Thursday 25 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Wednesday 24 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Wed 24 Mar to 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 24th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-26T08:22:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-26T00:22:38Z", "ms": -686965042234.7395 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-25T11:10:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z", "ms": -687041393078.8601 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-26T08:22:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-26T00:22:38Z", "ms": -686965042234.7395 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-25T06:46:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T22:46:58Z", "ms": -687057182019.1973 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-25T06:46:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-24T22:46:58Z", "ms": -687057182019.1973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-26T06:45:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T22:45:32Z", "ms": -686970868234.359 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-26T06:45:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-25T22:45:32Z", "ms": -686970868234.359 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar to 08:23 on Fri 26 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-25T03:10:07Z → 1948-03-26T00:22:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:47 on the 25th and 06:46 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vasantotsava 1948 falls on Friday 26 March. Pratipadā runs from 11:10 on Thu 25 Mar to 08:23 on Fri 26 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-03-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16961, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-03-28T04:26:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-27T20:26:53Z", "ms": -686806386843.9467 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-29T03:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-28T19:32:46Z", "ms": -686723233601.6678 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-03-28T04:26:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-27T20:26:53Z", "ms": -686806386843.9467 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-29T03:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-28T19:32:46Z", "ms": -686723233601.6678 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-27T21:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-27T13:41:47Z", "ms": -686830692595.0464 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-27T21:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-27T13:41:47Z", "ms": -686830692595.0464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-03-28T22:50:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-28T14:50:05Z", "ms": -686740195071.8727 }, "end": { "local": "1948-03-28T22:50:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-28T14:50:05Z", "ms": -686740195071.8727 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:27 on Sun 28 Mar to 03:33 on Mon 29 Mar.", "fact": "1948-03-27T20:26:53Z → 1948-03-28T19:32:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:42 on the 27th and 22:50 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16961 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Sunday 28 March. Caturthī runs from 04:27 on Sun 28 Mar to 03:33 on Mon 29 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18144, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-01T05:30:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-31T21:30:05Z", "ms": -686456994525.6653 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-02T07:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-01T23:27:00Z", "ms": -686363579575.7544 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-01T05:30:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-03-31T21:30:05Z", "ms": -686456994525.6653 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-02T07:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-01T23:27:00Z", "ms": -686363579575.7544 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-01T12:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-01T04:29:43Z", "ms": -686431817358.0674 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-01T13:17:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-01T05:17:43Z", "ms": -686428937358.0674 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-02T12:29:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-02T04:29:25Z", "ms": -686345435293.3491 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-02T13:17:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-02T05:17:25Z", "ms": -686342555293.3491 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:30 on Thu 1 Apr to 07:27 on Fri 2 Apr.", "fact": "1948-03-31T21:30:05Z → 1948-04-01T23:27:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 1st, 12:29–13:17 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18144 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śītalāṣṭamī 1948 falls on Thursday 1 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:30 on Thu 1 Apr to 07:27 on Fri 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-04T12:14:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-04T04:14:53Z", "ms": -686173506604.6549 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-05T14:40:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-05T06:40:49Z", "ms": -686078350771.3987 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-04T12:14:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-04T04:14:53Z", "ms": -686173506604.6549 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-05T14:40:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-05T06:40:49Z", "ms": -686078350771.3987 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-04T06:32:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-03T22:32:42Z", "ms": -686194037988.9 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-04T06:32:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-03T22:32:42Z", "ms": -686194037988.9 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-05T06:31:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-04T22:31:18Z", "ms": -686107722285.7758 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-05T06:31:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-04T22:31:18Z", "ms": -686107722285.7758 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:15 on Sun 4 Apr to 14:41 on Mon 5 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-04T04:14:53Z → 1948-04-05T06:40:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 4th and 06:31 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Monday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 12:15 on Sun 4 Apr to 14:41 on Mon 5 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-04-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-06T16:53:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-06T08:53:51Z", "ms": -685983969418.729 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-07T18:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T10:46:40Z", "ms": -685890800229.8082 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-06T16:53:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-06T08:53:51Z", "ms": -685983969418.729 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-07T18:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T10:46:40Z", "ms": -685890800229.8082 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-06T19:14:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-06T11:14:35Z", "ms": -685975524742.8435 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-06T20:44:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-06T12:44:27Z", "ms": -685970133416.7189 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-07T19:15:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T11:15:25Z", "ms": -685889075329.7384 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-07T20:44:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T12:44:58Z", "ms": -685883701679.8762 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Tue 6 Apr to 18:47 on Wed 7 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-06T08:53:51Z → 1948-04-07T10:46:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:44 on the 6th, 19:15–20:45 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 90 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Tuesday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Tue 6 Apr to 18:47 on Wed 7 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-04-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-07T18:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T10:46:40Z", "ms": -685890800229.8082 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-08T20:14:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-08T12:14:53Z", "ms": -685799106785.3618 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-07T18:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T10:46:40Z", "ms": -685890800229.8082 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-08T20:14:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-08T12:14:53Z", "ms": -685799106785.3618 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-08T00:27:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T16:27:16Z", "ms": -685870364142.7554 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-08T01:15:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-07T17:15:16Z", "ms": -685867484142.7554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-09T00:26:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-08T16:26:59Z", "ms": -685783980781.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-09T01:14:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-08T17:14:59Z", "ms": -685781100781.2551 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:47 on Wed 7 Apr to 20:15 on Thu 8 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-07T10:46:40Z → 1948-04-08T12:14:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:27–01:15 on the 7th, 00:27–01:15 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Wednesday 7 April. Caturdaśī runs from 18:47 on Wed 7 Apr to 20:15 on Thu 8 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-04-09T21:16:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-09T13:16:31Z", "ms": -685709008554.8381 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-10T21:51:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-10T13:51:15Z", "ms": -685620525415.1355 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-09T21:16:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-09T13:16:31Z", "ms": -685709008554.8381 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-10T21:51:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-10T13:51:15Z", "ms": -685620525415.1355 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-09T12:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-09T04:27:24Z", "ms": -685740756038.895 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-09T13:15:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-09T05:15:24Z", "ms": -685737876038.895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-10T12:27:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-10T04:27:08Z", "ms": -685654372408.9587 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-10T13:15:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-10T05:15:08Z", "ms": -685651492408.9587 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:17 on Fri 9 Apr to 21:51 on Sat 10 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-09T13:16:31Z → 1948-04-10T13:51:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:27–13:15 on the 9th, 12:27–13:15 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1948 falls on Saturday 10 April. Pratipadā runs from 21:17 on Fri 9 Apr to 21:51 on Sat 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T21:59:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z", "ms": -685533621468.5492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T21:59:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z", "ms": -685533621468.5492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T12:26:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T04:26:51Z", "ms": -685567988515.4324 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-11T13:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T05:14:51Z", "ms": -685565108515.4324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T12:26:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T04:26:36Z", "ms": -685481604345.0989 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T13:14:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T05:14:36Z", "ms": -685478724345.0989 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Sun 11 Apr to 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z → 1948-04-12T13:42:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:27–13:15 on the 11th, 12:27–13:15 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1948 falls on Monday 12 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Sun 11 Apr to 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T21:59:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z", "ms": -685533621468.5492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T21:59:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z", "ms": -685533621468.5492 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-11T12:26:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T04:26:51Z", "ms": -685567988515.4324 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-11T13:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T05:14:51Z", "ms": -685565108515.4324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T12:26:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T04:26:36Z", "ms": -685481604345.0989 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T13:14:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T05:14:36Z", "ms": -685478724345.0989 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Sun 11 Apr to 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-11T13:59:39Z → 1948-04-12T13:42:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:27–13:15 on the 11th, 12:27–13:15 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1948 falls on Monday 12 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Sun 11 Apr to 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19718, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T11:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T03:48:56Z", "ms": -685397463618.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-14T09:47:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T00:47:22Z", "ms": -682729958285.2545 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T11:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T03:48:56Z", "ms": -685397463618.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T11:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T03:48:56Z", "ms": -685397463618.2968 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T06:21:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-11T22:21:39Z", "ms": -685503500980.745 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T06:20:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T22:20:18Z", "ms": -685417181700.8494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T06:20:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T22:20:18Z", "ms": -685417181700.8494 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-14T06:18:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T22:18:58Z", "ms": -685330861853.0114 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 11:49 on Tue 13 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-13T03:48:56Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:22 on the 12th, and from 06:20 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 19718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vaiśākhī 1948 falls on Tuesday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 11:49 on Tue 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-04-13", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T21:01:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T13:01:25Z", "ms": -685364315035.0199 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T21:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z", "ms": -685448238531.8243 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T21:01:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T13:01:25Z", "ms": -685364315035.0199 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-12T12:26:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T04:26:36Z", "ms": -685481604345.0989 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-12T13:14:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-12T05:14:36Z", "ms": -685478724345.0989 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T12:26:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T04:26:20Z", "ms": -685395219885.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T13:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T05:14:20Z", "ms": -685392339885.0706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr to 21:01 on Tue 13 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-12T13:42:41Z → 1948-04-13T13:01:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:27–13:15 on the 12th, 12:26–13:14 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Tuesday 13 April. Caturthī runs from 21:43 on Mon 12 Apr to 21:01 on Tue 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-04-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24165, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T21:01:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T13:01:25Z", "ms": -685364315035.0199 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-14T19:56:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-14T11:56:50Z", "ms": -685281790186.6122 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T21:01:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T13:01:25Z", "ms": -685364315035.0199 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-14T19:56:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-14T11:56:50Z", "ms": -685281790186.6122 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-13T12:26:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T04:26:20Z", "ms": -685395219885.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-13T13:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-13T05:14:20Z", "ms": -685392339885.0706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-14T12:26:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-14T04:26:05Z", "ms": -685308835122.6022 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-14T13:14:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-14T05:14:05Z", "ms": -685305955122.6022 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:01 on Tue 13 Apr to 19:57 on Wed 14 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-13T13:01:25Z → 1948-04-14T11:56:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:26–13:14 on the 13th, 12:26–13:14 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24165 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1948 falls on Wednesday 14 April. Pañcamī runs from 21:01 on Tue 13 Apr to 19:57 on Wed 14 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4996, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-16T16:42:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-16T08:42:37Z", "ms": -685120643398.2556 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-17T14:36:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T06:36:37Z", "ms": -685041803302.1362 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-16T16:42:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-16T08:42:37Z", "ms": -685120643398.2556 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-17T14:36:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T06:36:37Z", "ms": -685041803302.1362 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-16T12:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-16T04:25:35Z", "ms": -685136064638.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-16T13:13:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-16T05:13:35Z", "ms": -685133184638.7998 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-17T12:25:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T04:25:21Z", "ms": -685049678890.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-17T13:13:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T05:13:21Z", "ms": -685046798890.7703 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:43 on Fri 16 Apr to 14:37 on Sat 17 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-16T08:42:37Z → 1948-04-17T06:36:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:26–13:14 on the 16th, 12:25–13:13 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Bhavānī Utpatti 1948 falls on Saturday 17 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:43 on Fri 16 Apr to 14:37 on Sat 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-17T14:36:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T06:36:37Z", "ms": -685041803302.1362 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-18T12:15:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T04:15:05Z", "ms": -684963894977.0027 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-17T14:36:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T06:36:37Z", "ms": -685041803302.1362 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-18T12:15:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T04:15:05Z", "ms": -684963894977.0027 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-17T12:25:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T04:25:21Z", "ms": -685049678890.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-17T13:13:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-17T05:13:21Z", "ms": -685046798890.7703 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-18T12:25:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T04:25:07Z", "ms": -684963292786.5266 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-18T13:13:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T05:13:07Z", "ms": -684960412786.5266 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 14:37 on Sat 17 Apr to 12:15 on Sun 18 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-17T06:36:37Z → 1948-04-18T04:15:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:25–13:13 on the 17th, 12:25–13:13 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rāma Navamī 1948 falls on Sunday 18 April. Navamī runs from 14:37 on Sat 17 Apr to 12:15 on Sun 18 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-04-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3082, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-19T09:42:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T01:42:03Z", "ms": -684886677190.8688 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-20T07:02:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T23:02:32Z", "ms": -684809847716.4858 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-19T09:42:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T01:42:03Z", "ms": -684886677190.8688 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-20T07:02:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T23:02:32Z", "ms": -684809847716.4858 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-19T06:12:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T22:12:27Z", "ms": -684899253120.0012 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-19T06:12:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-18T22:12:27Z", "ms": -684899253120.0012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-20T06:11:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T22:11:11Z", "ms": -684812929271.0497 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-20T06:11:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-19T22:11:11Z", "ms": -684812929271.0497 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:42 on Mon 19 Apr to 07:03 on Tue 20 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-19T01:42:03Z → 1948-04-19T23:02:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 19th and 06:11 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3082 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Tuesday 20 April. Ekādaśī runs from 09:42 on Mon 19 Apr to 07:03 on Tue 20 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28917, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T04:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z", "ms": -684733049138.5234 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T04:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z", "ms": -684733049138.5234 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T12:24:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T04:24:28Z", "ms": -684704132182.4581 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-21T13:12:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T05:12:28Z", "ms": -684701252182.4581 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T12:24:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T04:24:16Z", "ms": -684617744496.2163 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T13:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T05:12:16Z", "ms": -684614864496.2163 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:23 on Wed 21 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z → 1948-04-21T17:48:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:24–13:12 on the 21st, 12:24–13:12 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28917 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Trayodaśī runs from 04:23 on Wed 21 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-04-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T04:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z", "ms": -684733049138.5234 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T04:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z", "ms": -684733049138.5234 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-20T19:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T11:26:10Z", "ms": -684765229625.9144 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-20T20:52:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-20T12:52:00Z", "ms": -684760079629.2478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T19:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T11:27:00Z", "ms": -684678779714.0013 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-21T20:52:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T12:52:34Z", "ms": -684673646315.9762 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:23 on Wed 21 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-20T20:22:31Z → 1948-04-21T17:48:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:52 on the 20th, 19:27–20:53 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 20th and 86 of 86 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Trayodaśī runs from 04:23 on Wed 21 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36954, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T23:28:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T15:28:09Z", "ms": -684577910574.8136 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T01:48:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z", "ms": -684655880019.7521 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T23:28:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T15:28:09Z", "ms": -684577910574.8136 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-21T12:24:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T04:24:28Z", "ms": -684704132182.4581 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-21T13:12:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-21T05:12:28Z", "ms": -684701252182.4581 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T12:24:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T04:24:16Z", "ms": -684617744496.2163 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T13:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T05:12:16Z", "ms": -684614864496.2163 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr to 23:28 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-21T17:48:40Z → 1948-04-22T15:28:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:24–13:12 on the 21st, 12:24–13:12 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36954 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 22 April. Caturdaśī runs from 01:49 on Thu 22 Apr to 23:28 on Thu 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29773, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T23:28:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T15:28:09Z", "ms": -684577910574.8136 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-23T21:28:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-23T13:28:17Z", "ms": -684498702892.8033 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T23:28:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T15:28:09Z", "ms": -684577910574.8136 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-23T21:28:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-23T13:28:17Z", "ms": -684498702892.8033 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-22T12:24:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T04:24:16Z", "ms": -684617744496.2163 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-22T13:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-22T05:12:16Z", "ms": -684614864496.2163 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-23T12:24:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-23T04:24:04Z", "ms": -684531356373.0764 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-23T13:12:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-23T05:12:04Z", "ms": -684528476373.0764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:28 on Thu 22 Apr to 21:28 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-22T15:28:09Z → 1948-04-23T13:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:24–13:12 on the 22nd, 12:24–13:12 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29773 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1948 falls on Friday 23 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:28 on Thu 22 Apr to 21:28 on Fri 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-04-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-04-26T18:37:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-26T10:37:38Z", "ms": -684249741577.7484 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-27T18:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-27T10:58:25Z", "ms": -684162094589.3607 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-04-26T18:37:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-26T10:37:38Z", "ms": -684249741577.7484 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-27T18:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-27T10:58:25Z", "ms": -684162094589.3607 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-26T22:43:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-26T14:43:21Z", "ms": -684234999321.9728 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-26T22:43:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-26T14:43:21Z", "ms": -684234999321.9728 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-04-27T23:45:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-27T15:45:09Z", "ms": -684144890608.9326 }, "end": { "local": "1948-04-27T23:45:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-04-27T15:45:09Z", "ms": -684144890608.9326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:38 on Mon 26 Apr to 18:58 on Tue 27 Apr.", "fact": "1948-04-26T10:37:38Z → 1948-04-27T10:58:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:43 on the 26th and 23:45 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Monday 26 April. Caturthī runs from 18:38 on Mon 26 Apr to 18:58 on Tue 27 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-04-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2387, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-04T07:34:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-03T22:34:46Z", "ms": -683601914005.7542 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-05T09:26:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-05T00:26:30Z", "ms": -683508809993.445 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-04T07:34:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-03T22:34:46Z", "ms": -683601914005.7542 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-05T09:26:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-05T00:26:30Z", "ms": -683508809993.445 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-04T06:54:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-03T21:54:59Z", "ms": -683604300536.502 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-04T06:54:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-03T21:54:59Z", "ms": -683604300536.502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-05T06:53:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-04T21:53:58Z", "ms": -683517961954.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-05T06:53:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-04T21:53:58Z", "ms": -683517961954.5024 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:35 on Tue 4 May to 09:27 on Wed 5 May.", "fact": "1948-05-03T22:34:46Z → 1948-05-05T00:26:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 4th and 06:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2387 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 07:35 on Tue 4 May to 09:27 on Wed 5 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-06T10:48:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T01:48:59Z", "ms": -683417461301.5875 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-07T11:37:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T02:37:33Z", "ms": -683328147047.9589 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-06T10:48:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T01:48:59Z", "ms": -683417461301.5875 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-07T11:37:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T02:37:33Z", "ms": -683328147047.9589 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-06T20:39:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T11:39:32Z", "ms": -683382027893.447 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-06T22:01:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T13:01:12Z", "ms": -683377128326.1061 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-07T20:40:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T11:40:22Z", "ms": -683295577983.677 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-07T22:01:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T13:01:47Z", "ms": -683290692766.5455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:49 on Thu 6 May to 11:38 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1948-05-06T01:48:59Z → 1948-05-07T02:37:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:40–22:01 on the 6th, 20:40–22:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 82 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 81 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Thursday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 10:49 on Thu 6 May to 11:38 on Fri 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-05-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-07T11:37:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T02:37:33Z", "ms": -683328147047.9589 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-08T11:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-08T02:50:50Z", "ms": -683240949836.5686 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-07T11:37:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T02:37:33Z", "ms": -683328147047.9589 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-08T11:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-08T02:50:50Z", "ms": -683240949836.5686 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-07T01:21:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T16:21:45Z", "ms": -683365094515.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-07T02:09:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-06T17:09:45Z", "ms": -683362214515.9187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-08T01:21:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T16:21:42Z", "ms": -683278698419.434 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-08T02:09:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-07T17:09:42Z", "ms": -683275818419.434 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:38 on Fri 7 May to 11:51 on Sat 8 May.", "fact": "1948-05-07T02:37:33Z → 1948-05-08T02:50:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:22–02:10 on the 6th, 01:22–02:10 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Friday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 11:38 on Fri 7 May to 11:51 on Sat 8 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34610, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T09:20:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z", "ms": -682990765789.4504 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T09:20:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z", "ms": -682990765789.4504 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-10T20:42:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-10T11:42:51Z", "ms": -683036229092.6344 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-10T22:03:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-10T13:03:34Z", "ms": -683031385777.7684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T20:43:40+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T11:43:40Z", "ms": -682949779829.8938 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-11T22:04:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T13:04:10Z", "ms": -682944950078.3442 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:21 on Tue 11 May to 07:41 on Wed 12 May.", "fact": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z → 1948-05-11T22:41:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:43–22:04 on the 10th, 20:44–22:04 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 81 minutes on the 10th and 80 of 80 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34610 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1948 falls on Tuesday 11 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:21 on Tue 11 May to 07:41 on Wed 12 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T09:20:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z", "ms": -682990765789.4504 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T09:20:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z", "ms": -682990765789.4504 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-11T06:48:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-10T21:48:16Z", "ms": -682999904231.1398 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-11T11:26:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T02:26:44Z", "ms": -682983196097.3911 } }, "covered_min": 126, "window_min": 278, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-12T06:47:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T21:47:23Z", "ms": -682913556693.2717 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T11:26:25+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T02:26:25Z", "ms": -682896814728.3167 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 279, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:21 on Tue 11 May to 07:41 on Wed 12 May.", "fact": "1948-05-11T00:20:34Z → 1948-05-11T22:41:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:48–11:27 on the 11th, 06:47–11:26 on the 12th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 126 of 278 minutes on the 11th and 54 of 279 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1948 falls on Wednesday 12 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:21 on Tue 11 May to 07:41 on Wed 12 May and covers 54 of 279 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 126 minutes; by the rule the second forenoon is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-05-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20456, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-13T05:44:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T20:44:54Z", "ms": -682830906381.3654 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-12T07:41:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z", "ms": -682910340237.4531 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-13T05:44:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T20:44:54Z", "ms": -682830906381.3654 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-12T13:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T04:21:56Z", "ms": -682889883745.8391 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-12T14:09:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T05:09:56Z", "ms": -682887003745.8391 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-13T13:21:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T04:21:55Z", "ms": -682803484908.7739 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-13T14:09:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T05:09:55Z", "ms": -682800604908.7739 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:41 on Wed 12 May to 05:45 on Thu 13 May.", "fact": "1948-05-11T22:41:00Z → 1948-05-12T20:44:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 12th, 13:22–14:10 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20456 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Wednesday 12 May. Caturthī runs from 07:41 on Wed 12 May to 05:45 on Thu 13 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-05-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27421, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-13T05:44:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T20:44:54Z", "ms": -682830906381.3654 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-14T03:37:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T18:37:06Z", "ms": -682752173532.2354 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-13T05:44:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-12T20:44:54Z", "ms": -682830906381.3654 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-14T03:37:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T18:37:06Z", "ms": -682752173532.2354 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-13T13:21:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T04:21:55Z", "ms": -682803484908.7739 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-13T14:09:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-13T05:09:55Z", "ms": -682800604908.7739 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-14T13:21:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T04:21:54Z", "ms": -682717085524.1819 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-14T14:09:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T05:09:54Z", "ms": -682714205524.1819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:45 on Thu 13 May to 03:37 on Fri 14 May.", "fact": "1948-05-12T20:44:54Z → 1948-05-13T18:37:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 13th, 13:22–14:10 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27421 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1948 falls on Thursday 13 May. Pañcamī runs from 05:45 on Thu 13 May to 03:37 on Fri 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-15T01:22:07+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T16:22:07Z", "ms": -682673872911.1954 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-15T23:03:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-15T14:03:58Z", "ms": -682595761641.7751 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-15T01:22:07+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T16:22:07Z", "ms": -682673872911.1954 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-15T23:03:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-15T14:03:58Z", "ms": -682595761641.7751 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-14T13:21:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T04:21:54Z", "ms": -682717085524.1819 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-14T14:09:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-14T05:09:54Z", "ms": -682714205524.1819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-15T13:21:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-15T04:21:54Z", "ms": -682630685596.7363 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-15T14:09:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-15T05:09:54Z", "ms": -682627805596.7363 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:22 on Sat 15 May to 23:04 on Sat 15 May.", "fact": "1948-05-14T16:22:07Z → 1948-05-15T14:03:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 14th, 13:22–14:10 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1948 falls on Saturday 15 May. Saptamī runs from 01:22 on Sat 15 May to 23:04 on Sat 15 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-05-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-18T16:25:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-18T07:25:42Z", "ms": -682360457862.2 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-18T16:25:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-18T07:25:42Z", "ms": -682360457862.2 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-18T06:42:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-17T21:42:38Z", "ms": -682395442053.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-18T06:42:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-17T21:42:38Z", "ms": -682395442053.9938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T06:41:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-18T21:41:55Z", "ms": -682309084517.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-19T06:41:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-18T21:41:55Z", "ms": -682309084517.0085 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:26 on Tue 18 May to 14:29 on Wed 19 May.", "fact": "1948-05-18T07:25:42Z → 1948-05-19T05:29:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:43 on the 18th and 06:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 19 May. Ekādaśī runs from 16:26 on Tue 18 May to 14:29 on Wed 19 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T13:21:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T04:21:59Z", "ms": -682285080536.1385 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:09:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:09:59Z", "ms": -682282200536.1385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-20T13:22:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T04:22:02Z", "ms": -682198677949.0842 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T14:10:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T05:10:02Z", "ms": -682195797949.0842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:29 on Wed 19 May to 12:46 on Thu 20 May.", "fact": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z → 1948-05-20T03:46:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 19th, 13:22–14:10 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 20 May. Dvādaśī runs from 14:29 on Wed 19 May to 12:46 on Thu 20 May, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:29:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z", "ms": -682281049861.2565 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-19T13:21:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T04:21:59Z", "ms": -682285080536.1385 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-19T14:09:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-19T05:09:59Z", "ms": -682282200536.1385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-20T13:22:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T04:22:02Z", "ms": -682198677949.0842 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T14:10:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T05:10:02Z", "ms": -682195797949.0842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:29 on Wed 19 May to 12:46 on Thu 20 May.", "fact": "1948-05-19T05:29:10Z → 1948-05-20T03:46:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 19th, 13:22–14:10 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 20 May. Dvādaśī runs from 14:29 on Wed 19 May to 12:46 on Thu 20 May, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-05-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-21T11:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T02:20:42Z", "ms": -682119557760.4395 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-20T12:46:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z", "ms": -682200822756.3795 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-21T11:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T02:20:42Z", "ms": -682119557760.4395 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-20T20:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T11:50:50Z", "ms": -682171750429.8783 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-20T22:09:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-20T13:09:28Z", "ms": -682167032357.6024 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-21T20:51:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T11:51:35Z", "ms": -682085304790.4097 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-21T22:10:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T13:10:02Z", "ms": -682080597852.5006 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Thu 20 May to 11:21 on Fri 21 May.", "fact": "1948-05-20T03:46:17Z → 1948-05-21T02:20:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:51–22:09 on the 20th, 20:52–22:10 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 78 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Thursday 20 May. Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Thu 20 May to 11:21 on Fri 21 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-21T11:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T02:20:42Z", "ms": -682119557760.4395 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-21T11:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T02:20:42Z", "ms": -682119557760.4395 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-21T20:51:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T11:51:35Z", "ms": -682085304790.4097 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-21T22:10:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-21T13:10:02Z", "ms": -682080597852.5006 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T20:52:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T11:52:20Z", "ms": -681998859663.1737 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-22T22:10:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T13:10:36Z", "ms": -681994163581.9883 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:21 on Fri 21 May to 10:16 on Sat 22 May.", "fact": "1948-05-21T02:20:42Z → 1948-05-22T01:16:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:52–22:10 on the 21st, 20:52–22:11 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 78 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1948 falls on Friday 21 May. Caturdaśī runs from 11:21 on Fri 21 May to 10:16 on Sat 22 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T09:36:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T00:36:58Z", "ms": -681952981732.4701 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T09:36:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T00:36:58Z", "ms": -681952981732.4701 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T13:22:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T04:22:09Z", "ms": -682025871209.6328 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-22T14:10:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T05:10:09Z", "ms": -682022991209.6328 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-23T13:22:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T04:22:13Z", "ms": -681939467064.7891 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T14:10:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T05:10:13Z", "ms": -681936587064.7891 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:16 on Sat 22 May to 09:37 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z → 1948-05-23T00:36:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 22nd, 13:22–14:10 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1948 falls on Saturday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:16 on Sat 22 May to 09:37 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T09:36:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T00:36:58Z", "ms": -681952981732.4701 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T10:16:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z", "ms": -682037022581.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T09:36:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T00:36:58Z", "ms": -681952981732.4701 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-22T13:22:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T04:22:09Z", "ms": -682025871209.6328 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-22T14:10:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-22T05:10:09Z", "ms": -682022991209.6328 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-23T13:22:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T04:22:13Z", "ms": -681939467064.7891 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-23T14:10:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-23T05:10:13Z", "ms": -681936587064.7891 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:16 on Sat 22 May to 09:37 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1948-05-22T01:16:17Z → 1948-05-23T00:36:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 22nd, 13:22–14:10 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:16 on Sat 22 May to 09:37 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-05-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-05-26T10:40:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-26T01:40:58Z", "ms": -681689941902.4012 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-27T12:06:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-27T03:06:16Z", "ms": -681598424086.2776 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-05-26T10:40:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-26T01:40:58Z", "ms": -681689941902.4012 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-27T12:06:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-27T03:06:16Z", "ms": -681598424086.2776 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-25T23:29:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-25T14:29:11Z", "ms": -681730248836.2424 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-25T23:29:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-25T14:29:11Z", "ms": -681730248836.2424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-05-27T00:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-26T15:20:42Z", "ms": -681640757685.5256 }, "end": { "local": "1948-05-27T00:20:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-05-26T15:20:42Z", "ms": -681640757685.5256 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:41 on Wed 26 May to 12:06 on Thu 27 May.", "fact": "1948-05-26T01:40:58Z → 1948-05-27T03:06:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:29 on the 25th and 00:21 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Wednesday 26 May. Caturthī runs from 10:41 on Wed 26 May to 12:06 on Thu 27 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-06-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-03T00:21:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-02T15:21:13Z", "ms": -681035926876.3689 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-04T01:14:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-03T16:14:42Z", "ms": -680946318417.117 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-03T00:21:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-02T15:21:13Z", "ms": -681035926876.3689 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-04T01:14:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-03T16:14:42Z", "ms": -680946318417.117 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-03T06:34:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-02T21:34:30Z", "ms": -681013530268.4297 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-03T06:34:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-02T21:34:30Z", "ms": -681013530268.4297 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-04T06:34:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-03T21:34:13Z", "ms": -680927146635.7953 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-04T06:34:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-03T21:34:13Z", "ms": -680927146635.7953 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:21 on Thu 3 Jun to 01:15 on Fri 4 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-02T15:21:13Z → 1948-06-03T16:14:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:34 on the 3rd and 06:34 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19172 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Aparā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 3 June. Ekādaśī runs from 00:21 on Thu 3 Jun to 01:15 on Fri 4 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-06-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-05T01:25:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-04T16:25:56Z", "ms": -680859244150.1825 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-06T00:54:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T15:54:14Z", "ms": -680774746023.7203 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-05T01:25:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-04T16:25:56Z", "ms": -680859244150.1825 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-06T00:54:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T15:54:14Z", "ms": -680774746023.7203 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-04T21:01:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-04T12:01:06Z", "ms": -680875133615.8514 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-04T22:17:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-04T13:17:29Z", "ms": -680870550640.0042 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-05T21:01:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T12:01:41Z", "ms": -680788699036.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-05T22:17:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T13:17:58Z", "ms": -680784122398.4916 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:26 on Sat 5 Jun to 00:54 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-04T16:25:56Z → 1948-06-05T15:54:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:01–22:17 on the 4th, 21:02–22:18 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 4th and 76 of 76 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 5 June. Trayodaśī runs from 01:26 on Sat 5 Jun to 00:54 on Sun 6 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-06-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1769, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-06T00:54:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T15:54:14Z", "ms": -680774746023.7203 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-06T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-06T14:42:18Z", "ms": -680692661607.2078 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-06T00:54:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T15:54:14Z", "ms": -680774746023.7203 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-06T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-06T14:42:18Z", "ms": -680692661607.2078 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-06T01:23:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T16:23:43Z", "ms": -680772976645.1709 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-06T02:11:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-05T17:11:43Z", "ms": -680770096645.1709 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-07T01:23:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-06T16:23:54Z", "ms": -680686565500.0684 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-07T02:11:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-06T17:11:54Z", "ms": -680683685500.0684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:54 on Sun 6 Jun to 23:42 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-05T15:54:14Z → 1948-06-06T14:42:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:24–02:12 on the 5th, 01:24–02:12 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1769 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Saturday 5 June. Caturdaśī runs from 00:54 on Sun 6 Jun to 23:42 on Sun 6 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-06-09T17:05:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-09T08:05:50Z", "ms": -680457249794.517 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:19:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:19:17Z", "ms": -680380842601.6693 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-09T17:05:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-09T08:05:50Z", "ms": -680457249794.517 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:19:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:19:17Z", "ms": -680380842601.6693 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-09T13:24:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-09T04:24:33Z", "ms": -680470527202.1339 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-09T14:12:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-09T05:12:33Z", "ms": -680467647202.1339 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-10T13:24:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T04:24:44Z", "ms": -680384115802.5283 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:12:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:12:44Z", "ms": -680381235802.5283 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:06 on Wed 9 Jun to 14:19 on Thu 10 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-09T08:05:50Z → 1948-06-10T05:19:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:25–14:13 on the 9th, 13:25–14:13 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 10 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1948 falls on Thursday 10 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:06 on Wed 9 Jun to 14:19 on Thu 10 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-06-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:19:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:19:17Z", "ms": -680380842601.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-11T11:29:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T02:29:01Z", "ms": -680304659254.6733 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:19:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:19:17Z", "ms": -680380842601.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-11T11:29:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T02:29:01Z", "ms": -680304659254.6733 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-10T13:24:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T04:24:44Z", "ms": -680384115802.5283 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-10T14:12:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-10T05:12:44Z", "ms": -680381235802.5283 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-11T13:24:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T04:24:56Z", "ms": -680297704191.2249 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-11T14:12:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T05:12:56Z", "ms": -680294824191.2249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:19 on Thu 10 Jun to 11:29 on Fri 11 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-10T05:19:17Z → 1948-06-11T02:29:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:25–14:13 on the 10th, 13:25–14:13 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Friday 11 June. Caturthī runs from 14:19 on Thu 10 Jun to 11:29 on Fri 11 Jun, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-06-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T08:42:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z", "ms": -680228257827.2682 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T06:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T21:05:44Z", "ms": -680151256317.537 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T08:42:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z", "ms": -680228257827.2682 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T06:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T21:05:44Z", "ms": -680151256317.537 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T13:25:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T04:25:08Z", "ms": -680211292393.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-12T14:13:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T05:13:08Z", "ms": -680208412393.6938 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-13T13:25:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-13T04:25:20Z", "ms": -680124880434.435 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T14:13:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-13T05:13:20Z", "ms": -680122000434.435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:42 on Sat 12 Jun to 06:06 on Sun 13 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z → 1948-06-12T21:05:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:25–14:13 on the 12th, 13:25–14:13 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 12 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:42 on Sat 12 Jun to 06:06 on Sun 13 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T08:42:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z", "ms": -680228257827.2682 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T06:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T21:05:44Z", "ms": -680151256317.537 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T08:42:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z", "ms": -680228257827.2682 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T06:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T21:05:44Z", "ms": -680151256317.537 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-12T13:25:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T04:25:08Z", "ms": -680211292393.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-12T14:13:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-12T05:13:08Z", "ms": -680208412393.6938 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-13T13:25:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-13T04:25:20Z", "ms": -680124880434.435 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-13T14:13:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-13T05:13:20Z", "ms": -680122000434.435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:42 on Sat 12 Jun to 06:06 on Sun 13 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-11T23:42:22Z → 1948-06-12T21:05:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:25–14:13 on the 12th, 13:25–14:13 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1948 falls on Saturday 12 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:42 on Sat 12 Jun to 06:06 on Sun 13 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-06-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-16T22:41:04+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-16T13:41:04Z", "ms": -679832336214.9017 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-17T21:44:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T12:44:58Z", "ms": -679749301586.3453 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-16T22:41:04+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-16T13:41:04Z", "ms": -679832336214.9017 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-17T21:44:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T12:44:58Z", "ms": -679749301586.3453 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-17T06:33:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-16T21:33:13Z", "ms": -679804006880.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-17T06:33:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-16T21:33:13Z", "ms": -679804006880.8093 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-18T06:33:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T21:33:20Z", "ms": -679717600183.2736 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-18T06:33:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T21:33:20Z", "ms": -679717600183.2736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:41 on Wed 16 Jun to 21:45 on Thu 17 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-16T13:41:04Z → 1948-06-17T12:44:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 17th and 06:33 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 17 June. Ekādaśī runs from 22:41 on Wed 16 Jun to 21:45 on Thu 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25054, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-17T21:44:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T12:44:58Z", "ms": -679749301586.3453 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-18T21:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T12:11:55Z", "ms": -679664885222.6454 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-17T21:44:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T12:44:58Z", "ms": -679749301586.3453 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-18T21:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T12:11:55Z", "ms": -679664885222.6454 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-17T13:26:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T04:26:09Z", "ms": -679779231431.6395 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-17T14:14:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-17T05:14:09Z", "ms": -679776351431.6395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-18T13:26:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T04:26:21Z", "ms": -679692818994.4724 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-18T14:14:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T05:14:21Z", "ms": -679689938994.4724 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:45 on Thu 17 Jun to 21:12 on Fri 18 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-17T12:44:58Z → 1948-06-18T12:11:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:26–14:14 on the 17th, 13:26–14:14 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25054 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Friday 18 June. Dvādaśī runs from 21:45 on Thu 17 Jun to 21:12 on Fri 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 273, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-18T21:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T12:11:55Z", "ms": -679664885222.6454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-19T21:02:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-19T12:02:03Z", "ms": -679579076590.7153 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-18T21:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T12:11:55Z", "ms": -679664885222.6454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-19T21:02:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-19T12:02:03Z", "ms": -679579076590.7153 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-18T21:07:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T12:07:22Z", "ms": -679665157805.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-18T22:22:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-18T13:22:51Z", "ms": -679660629023.6335 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-19T21:07:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-19T12:07:39Z", "ms": -679578741104.8301 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-19T22:23:07+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-19T13:23:07Z", "ms": -679574213246.8369 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:12 on Fri 18 Jun to 21:02 on Sat 19 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-18T12:11:55Z → 1948-06-19T12:02:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:07–22:23 on the 18th, 21:08–22:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 71 of 75 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 75 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 273 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Friday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 21:12 on Fri 18 Jun to 21:02 on Sat 19 Jun and covers 71 of 75 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 4 min 33 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-06-20T21:15:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-20T12:15:52Z", "ms": -679491848068.2042 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-21T21:54:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-21T12:54:03Z", "ms": -679403157287.8003 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-20T21:15:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-20T12:15:52Z", "ms": -679491848068.2042 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-21T21:54:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-21T12:54:03Z", "ms": -679403157287.8003 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-20T21:07:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-20T12:07:54Z", "ms": -679492325901.065 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-20T22:23:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-20T13:23:21Z", "ms": -679487798566.2986 } }, "covered_min": 67, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-21T21:08:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-21T12:08:08Z", "ms": -679405912214.5413 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-21T22:23:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-21T13:23:35Z", "ms": -679401385002.0898 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:16 on Sun 20 Jun to 21:54 on Mon 21 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-20T12:15:52Z → 1948-06-21T12:54:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:08–22:23 on the 20th, 21:08–22:24 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 67 of 75 minutes on the 20th and 46 of 75 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 20 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:16 on Sun 20 Jun to 21:54 on Mon 21 Jun and covers 67 of 75 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 46 minutes; by the rule the first evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-06-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9422, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-06-25T02:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-24T17:16:18Z", "ms": -679128222308.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-26T04:26:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-25T19:26:22Z", "ms": -679034017768.4397 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-06-25T02:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-24T17:16:18Z", "ms": -679128222308.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-26T04:26:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-25T19:26:22Z", "ms": -679034017768.4397 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-24T23:39:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-24T14:39:16Z", "ms": -679137643841.2292 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-24T23:39:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-24T14:39:16Z", "ms": -679137643841.2292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-06-26T00:12:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-25T15:12:39Z", "ms": -679049240721.5709 }, "end": { "local": "1948-06-26T00:12:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-06-25T15:12:39Z", "ms": -679049240721.5709 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:16 on Fri 25 Jun to 04:26 on Sat 26 Jun.", "fact": "1948-06-24T17:16:18Z → 1948-06-25T19:26:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:39 on the 24th and 00:13 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9422 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Friday 25 June. Caturthī runs from 02:16 on Fri 25 Jun to 04:26 on Sat 26 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-07-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-02T14:56:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-02T05:56:12Z", "ms": -678477827868.7318 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-03T14:37:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-03T05:37:14Z", "ms": -678392565944.8685 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-02T14:56:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-02T05:56:12Z", "ms": -678477827868.7318 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-03T14:37:14+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-03T05:37:14Z", "ms": -678392565944.8685 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-02T06:37:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-01T21:37:26Z", "ms": -678507753597.6068 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-02T06:37:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-01T21:37:26Z", "ms": -678507753597.6068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-03T06:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-02T21:37:54Z", "ms": -678421326065.989 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-03T06:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-02T21:37:54Z", "ms": -678421326065.989 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 14:37 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-02T05:56:12Z → 1948-07-03T05:37:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:37 on the 2nd and 06:38 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Saturday 3 July. Ekādaśī runs from 14:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 14:37 on Sat 3 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-07-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27530, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-04T13:29:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T04:29:50Z", "ms": -678310210280.0292 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-05T11:37:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T02:37:46Z", "ms": -678230533569.9445 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-04T13:29:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T04:29:50Z", "ms": -678310210280.0292 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-05T11:37:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T02:37:46Z", "ms": -678230533569.9445 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-04T21:08:40+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T12:08:40Z", "ms": -678282680087.6451 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-04T22:24:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T13:24:42Z", "ms": -678278118418.0627 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-05T21:08:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T12:08:31Z", "ms": -678196289303.128 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-05T22:24:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T13:24:38Z", "ms": -678191722286.0182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:30 on Sun 4 Jul to 11:38 on Mon 5 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-04T04:29:50Z → 1948-07-05T02:37:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:09–22:25 on the 4th, 21:09–22:25 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 76 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27530 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 4 July. Trayodaśī runs from 13:30 on Sun 4 Jul to 11:38 on Mon 5 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-07-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24592, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-05T11:37:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T02:37:46Z", "ms": -678230533569.9445 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-06T09:07:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-06T00:07:49Z", "ms": -678153131234.721 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-05T11:37:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T02:37:46Z", "ms": -678230533569.9445 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-06T09:07:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-06T00:07:49Z", "ms": -678153131234.721 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-05T01:29:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T16:29:46Z", "ms": -678267013826.7114 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-05T02:17:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-04T17:17:46Z", "ms": -678264133826.7114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-06T01:29:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T16:29:57Z", "ms": -678180602988.966 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-06T02:17:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-05T17:17:57Z", "ms": -678177722988.966 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:38 on Mon 5 Jul to 09:08 on Tue 6 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-05T02:37:46Z → 1948-07-06T00:07:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:30–02:18 on the 4th, 01:30–02:18 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24592 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Monday 5 July. Caturdaśī runs from 11:38 on Mon 5 Jul to 09:08 on Tue 6 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-08T02:50:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-07T17:50:19Z", "ms": -678002981297.1759 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-08T23:23:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-08T14:23:01Z", "ms": -677929019434.2361 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-08T02:50:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-07T17:50:19Z", "ms": -678002981297.1759 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-08T23:23:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-08T14:23:01Z", "ms": -677929019434.2361 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-07T13:30:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-07T04:30:01Z", "ms": -678050998822.9131 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-07T14:18:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-07T05:18:01Z", "ms": -678048118822.9131 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-08T13:30:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-08T04:30:10Z", "ms": -677964589557.9128 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-08T14:18:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-08T05:18:10Z", "ms": -677961709557.9128 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 02:50 on Thu 8 Jul to 23:23 on Thu 8 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-07T17:50:19Z → 1948-07-08T14:23:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:30–14:18 on the 7th, 13:30–14:18 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rathayātrā 1948 falls on Thursday 8 July. Dvitīyā runs from 02:50 on Thu 8 Jul to 23:23 on Thu 8 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-07-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8599, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-09T19:56:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-09T10:56:59Z", "ms": -677854980920.8159 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-10T16:41:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T07:41:47Z", "ms": -677780293030.8607 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-09T19:56:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-09T10:56:59Z", "ms": -677854980920.8159 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-10T16:41:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T07:41:47Z", "ms": -677780293030.8607 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-09T13:30:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-09T04:30:19Z", "ms": -677878180685.7002 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-09T14:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-09T05:18:19Z", "ms": -677875300685.7002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-10T13:30:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T04:30:28Z", "ms": -677791772229.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-10T14:18:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T05:18:28Z", "ms": -677788892229.0271 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:57 on Fri 9 Jul to 16:42 on Sat 10 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-09T10:56:59Z → 1948-07-10T07:41:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:30–14:18 on the 9th, 13:30–14:18 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8599 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Saturday 10 July. Caturthī runs from 19:57 on Fri 9 Jul to 16:42 on Sat 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 913, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-10T16:41:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T07:41:47Z", "ms": -677780293030.8607 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-11T13:45:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-11T04:45:49Z", "ms": -677704451124.5568 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-10T16:41:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T07:41:47Z", "ms": -677780293030.8607 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-11T13:45:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-11T04:45:49Z", "ms": -677704451124.5568 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-10T13:30:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T04:30:28Z", "ms": -677791772229.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-10T14:18:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-10T05:18:28Z", "ms": -677788892229.0271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-11T13:30:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-11T04:30:36Z", "ms": -677705364208.7416 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-11T14:18:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-11T05:18:36Z", "ms": -677702484208.7416 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:42 on Sat 10 Jul to 13:46 on Sun 11 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-10T07:41:47Z → 1948-07-11T04:45:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:30–14:18 on the 10th, 13:31–14:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 15 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 913 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Skanda Pañcamī 1948 falls on Sunday 11 July. Pañcamī runs from 16:42 on Sat 10 Jul to 13:46 on Sun 11 Jul and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8090, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-12T11:15:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-12T02:15:54Z", "ms": -677627046176.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-13T09:16:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-13T00:16:52Z", "ms": -677547788395.082 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-12T11:15:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-12T02:15:54Z", "ms": -677627046176.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-13T09:16:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-13T00:16:52Z", "ms": -677547788395.082 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-12T13:30:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-12T04:30:43Z", "ms": -677618956643.4991 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-12T14:18:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-12T05:18:43Z", "ms": -677616076643.4991 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-13T13:30:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-13T04:30:50Z", "ms": -677532549549.7715 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-13T14:18:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-13T05:18:50Z", "ms": -677529669549.7715 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:16 on Mon 12 Jul to 09:17 on Tue 13 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-12T02:15:54Z → 1948-07-13T00:16:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:31–14:19 on the 12th, 13:31–14:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8090 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vivasvat Saptamī 1948 falls on Monday 12 July. Saptamī runs from 11:16 on Mon 12 Jul to 09:17 on Tue 13 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-07-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-16T06:40:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-15T21:40:23Z", "ms": -677297977350.2693 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-17T06:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-16T21:50:50Z", "ms": -677210949970.0457 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-16T06:40:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-15T21:40:23Z", "ms": -677297977350.2693 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-17T06:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-16T21:50:50Z", "ms": -677210949970.0457 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-16T06:45:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-15T21:45:23Z", "ms": -677297677455.7678 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-16T06:45:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-15T21:45:23Z", "ms": -677297677455.7678 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-17T06:46:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-16T21:46:03Z", "ms": -677211237365.3995 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-17T06:46:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-16T21:46:03Z", "ms": -677211237365.3995 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:40 on Fri 16 Jul to 06:51 on Sat 17 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-15T21:40:23Z → 1948-07-16T21:50:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 16th and 06:46 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 287 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Saturday 17 July. Ekādaśī runs from 06:40 on Fri 16 Jul to 06:51 on Sat 17 Jul and is current at sunrise that day. It is 4 min 47 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-07-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32746, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-18T07:27:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-17T22:27:50Z", "ms": -677122330160.8127 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-19T08:28:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-18T23:28:23Z", "ms": -677032296615.6711 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-18T07:27:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-17T22:27:50Z", "ms": -677122330160.8127 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-19T08:28:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-18T23:28:23Z", "ms": -677032296615.6711 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-17T21:04:25+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-17T12:04:25Z", "ms": -677159734943.8483 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-17T22:22:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-17T13:22:03Z", "ms": -677155076505.9401 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-18T21:03:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-18T12:03:53Z", "ms": -677073366548.1522 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-18T22:21:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-18T13:21:42Z", "ms": -677068698391.0883 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:28 on Sun 18 Jul to 08:28 on Mon 19 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-17T22:27:50Z → 1948-07-18T23:28:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:04–22:22 on the 17th, 21:04–22:22 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 17th and 78 of 78 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32746 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 18 July. Trayodaśī runs from 07:28 on Sun 18 Jul to 08:28 on Mon 19 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7227, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T13:31:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T04:31:26Z", "ms": -676927714117.6577 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-20T14:19:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T05:19:26Z", "ms": -676924834117.6577 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-21T13:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T04:31:29Z", "ms": -676841311194.9651 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T14:19:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T05:19:29Z", "ms": -676838431194.9651 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z → 1948-07-21T02:31:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:31–14:19 on the 20th, 13:31–14:19 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7227 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Guru Pūrṇimā 1948 falls on Tuesday 20 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T18:11:50+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T09:11:50Z", "ms": -676910890471.2869 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-20T21:02:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T12:02:45Z", "ms": -676900634707.0397 } }, "covered_min": 171, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-21T18:11:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T09:11:29Z", "ms": -676824511213.6301 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T21:02:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T12:02:09Z", "ms": -676814271226.0734 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z → 1948-07-21T02:31:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 18:12–21:03 on the 20th, 18:11–21:02 on the 21st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 171 of 171 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 171 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kokilā Vrata 1948 falls on Tuesday 20 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34267, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T21:02:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T12:02:45Z", "ms": -676900634707.0397 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-20T22:20:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T13:20:54Z", "ms": -676895946234.6154 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-21T21:02:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T12:02:09Z", "ms": -676814271226.0734 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T22:20:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T13:20:28Z", "ms": -676809572170.0701 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z → 1948-07-21T02:31:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:03–22:21 on the 20th, 21:02–22:20 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 78 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34267 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śiva Śayanotsava 1948 falls on Tuesday 20 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 663, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:50:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z", "ms": -676940994401.2454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T11:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T02:31:02Z", "ms": -676848538286.0172 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-20T06:48:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-19T21:48:06Z", "ms": -676951913528.2759 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-20T09:39:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T00:39:02Z", "ms": -676941657764.0287 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-21T06:48:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-20T21:48:49Z", "ms": -676865471163.8569 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-21T09:39:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-21T00:39:29Z", "ms": -676855231176.3002 } }, "covered_min": 171, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-20T00:50:06Z → 1948-07-21T02:31:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:48–09:39 on the 20th, 06:49–09:39 on the 21st.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 171 minutes on the 20th and 171 of 171 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 663 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vyāsa Pūjā 1948 falls on Wednesday 21 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 20 Jul to 11:31 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-07-22T13:29:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-22T04:29:19Z", "ms": -676755041241.6418 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-23T15:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-23T06:42:19Z", "ms": -676660661450.6982 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-22T13:29:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-22T04:29:19Z", "ms": -676755041241.6418 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-23T15:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-23T06:42:19Z", "ms": -676660661450.6982 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-22T22:13:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-22T13:13:08Z", "ms": -676723611511.8308 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-22T22:13:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-22T13:13:08Z", "ms": -676723611511.8308 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-23T22:43:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-23T13:43:15Z", "ms": -676635405354.7964 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-23T22:43:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-23T13:43:15Z", "ms": -676635405354.7964 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:29 on Thu 22 Jul to 15:42 on Fri 23 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-22T04:29:19Z → 1948-07-23T06:42:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:13 on the 22nd and 22:43 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1948 falls on Thursday 22 July. Dvitīyā runs from 13:29 on Thu 22 Jul to 15:42 on Fri 23 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-07-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10855, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-07-24T18:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-24T09:05:44Z", "ms": -676565655555.3126 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-25T20:32:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-25T11:32:59Z", "ms": -676470421145.9905 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-07-24T18:05:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-24T09:05:44Z", "ms": -676565655555.3126 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-25T20:32:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-25T11:32:59Z", "ms": -676470421145.9905 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-24T23:09:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-24T14:09:43Z", "ms": -676547417091.863 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-24T23:09:43+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-24T14:09:43Z", "ms": -676547417091.863 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-07-25T23:33:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-25T14:33:54Z", "ms": -676459566084.101 }, "end": { "local": "1948-07-25T23:33:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-25T14:33:54Z", "ms": -676459566084.101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 24 Jul to 20:33 on Sun 25 Jul.", "fact": "1948-07-24T09:05:44Z → 1948-07-25T11:32:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:10 on the 24th and 23:34 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10855 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Saturday 24 July. Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 24 Jul to 20:33 on Sun 25 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13911, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-01T03:05:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-31T18:05:10Z", "ms": -675928490046.2644 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-02T01:34:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-01T16:34:26Z", "ms": -675847533571.3615 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-01T03:05:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-31T18:05:10Z", "ms": -675928490046.2644 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-02T01:34:26+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-01T16:34:26Z", "ms": -675847533571.3615 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-01T06:57:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-31T21:57:01Z", "ms": -675914578556.1196 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-01T06:57:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-07-31T21:57:01Z", "ms": -675914578556.1196 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-02T06:57:48+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-01T21:57:48Z", "ms": -675828132032.4581 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-02T06:57:48+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-01T21:57:48Z", "ms": -675828132032.4581 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:05 on Sun 1 Aug to 01:34 on Mon 2 Aug.", "fact": "1948-07-31T18:05:10Z → 1948-08-01T16:34:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 1st and 06:58 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13911 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 1 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:05 on Sun 1 Aug to 01:34 on Mon 2 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-08-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1810, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-02T23:17:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-02T14:17:31Z", "ms": -675769348507.418 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-03T20:21:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T11:21:46Z", "ms": -675693494343.4232 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-02T23:17:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-02T14:17:31Z", "ms": -675769348507.418 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-03T20:21:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T11:21:46Z", "ms": -675693494343.4232 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-02T20:52:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-02T11:52:51Z", "ms": -675778028531.2909 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-02T22:13:37+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-02T13:13:37Z", "ms": -675773182771.1068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-03T20:51:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T11:51:56Z", "ms": -675691684243.9644 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-03T22:12:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T13:12:55Z", "ms": -675686824808.1511 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:18 on Mon 2 Aug to 20:22 on Tue 3 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-02T14:17:31Z → 1948-08-03T11:21:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:53–22:14 on the 2nd, 20:52–22:13 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 81 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 81 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1810 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Monday 2 August. Trayodaśī runs from 23:18 on Mon 2 Aug to 20:22 on Tue 3 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-08-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18593, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-03T20:21:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T11:21:46Z", "ms": -675693494343.4232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-04T16:56:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-04T07:56:36Z", "ms": -675619404215.3713 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-03T20:21:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T11:21:46Z", "ms": -675693494343.4232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-04T16:56:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-04T07:56:36Z", "ms": -675619404215.3713 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-04T01:31:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T16:31:39Z", "ms": -675674901359.6647 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-04T02:19:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-03T17:19:39Z", "ms": -675672021359.6647 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-05T01:31:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-04T16:31:34Z", "ms": -675588506388.2511 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-05T02:19:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-04T17:19:34Z", "ms": -675585626388.2511 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:22 on Tue 3 Aug to 16:57 on Wed 4 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-03T11:21:46Z → 1948-08-04T07:56:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:32–02:20 on the 3rd, 01:32–02:20 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18593 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Tuesday 3 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:22 on Tue 3 Aug to 16:57 on Wed 4 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28615, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-08-07T05:33:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-06T20:33:57Z", "ms": -675401163467.4518 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T02:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T17:00:59Z", "ms": -675327540614.2461 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-07T05:33:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-06T20:33:57Z", "ms": -675401163467.4518 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T02:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T17:00:59Z", "ms": -675327540614.2461 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-07T13:30:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T04:30:51Z", "ms": -675372548697.1614 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-07T14:18:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T05:18:51Z", "ms": -675369668697.1614 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T13:30:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T04:30:44Z", "ms": -675286156158.9619 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T14:18:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T05:18:44Z", "ms": -675283276158.9619 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:34 on Sat 7 Aug to 02:01 on Sun 8 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-06T20:33:57Z → 1948-08-07T17:00:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:31–14:19 on the 7th, 13:31–14:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28615 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1948 falls on Saturday 7 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:34 on Sat 7 Aug to 02:01 on Sun 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-08-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T02:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T17:00:59Z", "ms": -675327540614.2461 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T22:52:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T13:52:17Z", "ms": -675252462827.9607 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T02:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T17:00:59Z", "ms": -675327540614.2461 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T22:52:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T13:52:17Z", "ms": -675252462827.9607 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-07T13:30:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T04:30:51Z", "ms": -675372548697.1614 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-07T14:18:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-07T05:18:51Z", "ms": -675369668697.1614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T13:30:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T04:30:44Z", "ms": -675286156158.9619 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T14:18:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T05:18:44Z", "ms": -675283276158.9619 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:01 on Sun 8 Aug to 22:52 on Sun 8 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-07T17:00:59Z → 1948-08-08T13:52:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:31–14:19 on the 7th, 13:31–14:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Sunday 8 August. Caturthī runs from 02:01 on Sun 8 Aug to 22:52 on Sun 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21443, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T22:52:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T13:52:17Z", "ms": -675252462827.9607 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-09T20:15:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-09T11:15:59Z", "ms": -675175441096.3715 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T22:52:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T13:52:17Z", "ms": -675252462827.9607 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-09T20:15:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-09T11:15:59Z", "ms": -675175441096.3715 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-08T13:30:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T04:30:44Z", "ms": -675286156158.9619 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-08T14:18:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-08T05:18:44Z", "ms": -675283276158.9619 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-09T13:30:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-09T04:30:36Z", "ms": -675199764214.6594 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-09T14:18:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-09T05:18:36Z", "ms": -675196884214.6594 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:52 on Sun 8 Aug to 20:16 on Mon 9 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-08T13:52:17Z → 1948-08-09T11:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:31–14:19 on the 8th, 13:31–14:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21443 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Nāga Pañcamī 1948 falls on Monday 9 August. Pañcamī runs from 22:52 on Sun 8 Aug to 20:16 on Mon 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36639, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-14T17:17:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-14T08:17:52Z", "ms": -674754127897.7273 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-15T18:30:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T09:30:38Z", "ms": -674663361812.4099 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-14T17:17:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-14T08:17:52Z", "ms": -674754127897.7273 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-15T18:30:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T09:30:38Z", "ms": -674663361812.4099 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-14T07:07:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-13T22:07:13Z", "ms": -674790766900.0804 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-14T07:07:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-13T22:07:13Z", "ms": -674790766900.0804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-15T07:08:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-14T22:08:00Z", "ms": -674704319839.2007 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-15T07:08:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-14T22:08:00Z", "ms": -674704319839.2007 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:18 on Sat 14 Aug to 18:31 on Sun 15 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-14T08:17:52Z → 1948-08-15T09:30:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 14th and 07:08 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36639 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Putradā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 15 August. Ekādaśī runs from 17:18 on Sat 14 Aug to 18:31 on Sun 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-15T18:30:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T09:30:38Z", "ms": -674663361812.4099 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-16T20:07:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T11:07:34Z", "ms": -674571146477.1493 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-15T18:30:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T09:30:38Z", "ms": -674663361812.4099 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-16T20:07:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T11:07:34Z", "ms": -674571146477.1493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-15T13:29:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T04:29:35Z", "ms": -674681424715.5764 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-15T14:17:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-15T05:17:35Z", "ms": -674678544715.5764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-16T13:29:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T04:29:23Z", "ms": -674595036744.7393 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-16T14:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T05:17:23Z", "ms": -674592156744.7393 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:31 on Sun 15 Aug to 20:08 on Mon 16 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-15T09:30:38Z → 1948-08-16T11:07:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:30–14:18 on the 15th, 13:29–14:17 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Monday 16 August. Dvādaśī runs from 18:31 on Sun 15 Aug to 20:08 on Mon 16 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-08-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-16T20:07:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T11:07:34Z", "ms": -674571146477.1493 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-17T22:03:05+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-17T13:03:05Z", "ms": -674477814791.4128 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-16T20:07:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T11:07:34Z", "ms": -674571146477.1493 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-17T22:03:05+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-17T13:03:05Z", "ms": -674477814791.4128 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-16T20:37:59+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T11:37:59Z", "ms": -674569320647.738 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-16T22:02:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-16T13:02:12Z", "ms": -674564268016.4772 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-17T20:36:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-17T11:36:47Z", "ms": -674482992686.0782 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-17T22:01:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-17T13:01:16Z", "ms": -674477924202.3262 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:08 on Mon 16 Aug to 22:03 on Tue 17 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-16T11:07:34Z → 1948-08-17T13:03:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:38–22:02 on the 16th, 20:37–22:01 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 16th and 84 of 84 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 109 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Tuesday 17 August. Trayodaśī runs from 20:08 on Mon 16 Aug to 22:03 on Tue 17 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 84 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 1 min 49 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T00:12:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T15:12:30Z", "ms": -674383649878.491 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T02:31:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T17:31:46Z", "ms": -674288893943.375 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T13:21:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T04:21:09Z", "ms": -674336331452.1641 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T02:31:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T17:31:46Z", "ms": -674288893943.375 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T07:11:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T22:11:08Z", "ms": -674358532278.4686 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T07:11:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T22:11:54Z", "ms": -674272085576.4102 } }, "covered_min": 791, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-20T07:11:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T22:11:54Z", "ms": -674272085576.4102 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-21T07:12:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-20T22:12:41Z", "ms": -674185638952.2119 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:13 on Thu 19 Aug to 02:32 on Fri 20 Aug. Its second half begins at 13:21 on Thu 19 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-18T15:12:30Z → 1948-08-19T17:31:46Z · second half from 1948-08-19T04:21:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 07:11 on the 19th, and from 07:12 on the 20th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 791 of 1441 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 1441 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1948 falls on Thursday 19 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 13:21 on Thu 19 Aug to 02:32 on Fri 20 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35732, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T00:12:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T15:12:30Z", "ms": -674383649878.491 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T02:31:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T17:31:46Z", "ms": -674288893943.375 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T00:12:30+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T15:12:30Z", "ms": -674383649878.491 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T02:31:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T17:31:46Z", "ms": -674288893943.375 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-18T13:28:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T04:28:58Z", "ms": -674422262367.2158 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-18T14:16:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-18T05:16:58Z", "ms": -674419382367.2158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-19T13:28:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T04:28:44Z", "ms": -674335875933.5132 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-19T14:16:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-19T05:16:44Z", "ms": -674332995933.5132 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:13 on Thu 19 Aug to 02:32 on Fri 20 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-18T15:12:30Z → 1948-08-19T17:31:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:29–14:17 on the 18th, 13:29–14:17 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35732 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1948 falls on Thursday 19 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:13 on Thu 19 Aug to 02:32 on Fri 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-08-21T04:56:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-20T19:56:58Z", "ms": -674193781830.9652 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-22T07:23:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T22:23:33Z", "ms": -674098586722.9839 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-21T04:56:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-20T19:56:58Z", "ms": -674193781830.9652 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-22T07:23:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T22:23:33Z", "ms": -674098586722.9839 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-20T21:13:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-20T12:13:22Z", "ms": -674221597604.6168 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-20T21:13:22+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-20T12:13:22Z", "ms": -674221597604.6168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-21T21:38:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T12:38:01Z", "ms": -674133718870.9559 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-21T21:38:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T12:38:01Z", "ms": -674133718870.9559 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 04:57 on Sat 21 Aug to 07:24 on Sun 22 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-20T19:56:58Z → 1948-08-21T22:23:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:13 on the 20th and 21:38 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 21 August. Dvitīyā runs from 04:57 on Sat 21 Aug to 07:24 on Sun 22 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13327, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-08-22T07:23:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T22:23:33Z", "ms": -674098586722.9839 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-22T07:23:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-21T22:23:33Z", "ms": -674098586722.9839 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-22T13:28:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-22T04:28:01Z", "ms": -674076719478.4836 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-22T14:16:01+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-22T05:16:01Z", "ms": -674073839478.4836 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T13:27:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T04:27:45Z", "ms": -673990334891.1841 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-23T14:15:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T05:15:45Z", "ms": -673987454891.1841 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:24 on Sun 22 Aug to 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-21T22:23:33Z → 1948-08-23T00:45:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:28–14:16 on the 22nd, 13:28–14:16 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1948 falls on Sunday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:24 on Sun 22 Aug to 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T11:55:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T02:55:41Z", "ms": -673909458630.642 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T11:55:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T02:55:41Z", "ms": -673909458630.642 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T17:50:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T08:50:16Z", "ms": -673974584265.1395 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-23T20:29:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T11:29:16Z", "ms": -673965043847.7765 } }, "covered_min": 159, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-24T17:49:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T08:49:23Z", "ms": -673888237439.5745 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T20:27:58+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T11:27:58Z", "ms": -673878721915.0004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug to 11:56 on Tue 24 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z → 1948-08-24T02:55:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:50–20:29 on the 23rd, 17:49–20:28 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 159 of 159 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 159 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Bahulā Caturthī 1948 falls on Monday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug to 11:56 on Tue 24 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-08-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T11:55:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T02:55:41Z", "ms": -673909458630.642 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T09:45:38+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z", "ms": -674003661518.698 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T11:55:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T02:55:41Z", "ms": -673909458630.642 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-23T22:24:05+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T13:24:05Z", "ms": -673958155339.7318 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-23T22:24:05+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-23T13:24:05Z", "ms": -673958155339.7318 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-24T22:47:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T13:47:47Z", "ms": -673870333355.458 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-24T22:47:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-24T13:47:47Z", "ms": -673870333355.458 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug to 11:56 on Tue 24 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-23T00:45:38Z → 1948-08-24T02:55:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:24 on the 23rd and 22:48 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Monday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Mon 23 Aug to 11:56 on Tue 24 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-08-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-25T13:44:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-25T04:44:45Z", "ms": -673816514642.3928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-26T15:03:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T06:03:24Z", "ms": -673725396339.545 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-25T13:44:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-25T04:44:45Z", "ms": -673816514642.3928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-26T15:03:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T06:03:24Z", "ms": -673725396339.545 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-25T13:27:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-25T04:27:13Z", "ms": -673817566968.1201 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-25T14:15:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-25T05:15:13Z", "ms": -673814686968.1201 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-26T13:26:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T04:26:56Z", "ms": -673731183600.017 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-26T14:14:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T05:14:56Z", "ms": -673728303600.017 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:45 on Wed 25 Aug to 15:03 on Thu 26 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-25T04:44:45Z → 1948-08-26T06:03:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:27–14:15 on the 25th, 13:27–14:15 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1948 falls on Thursday 26 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:45 on Wed 25 Aug to 15:03 on Thu 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 30 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-27T15:43:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T06:43:00Z", "ms": -673636619505.082 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-28T15:37:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-28T06:37:15Z", "ms": -673550564508.0692 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-27T15:43:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T06:43:00Z", "ms": -673636619505.082 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-28T15:37:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-28T06:37:15Z", "ms": -673550564508.0692 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-28T01:27:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T16:27:02Z", "ms": -673601577541.6312 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-28T02:15:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T17:15:02Z", "ms": -673598697541.6312 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-29T01:26:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-28T16:26:45Z", "ms": -673515194935.1604 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-29T02:14:45+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-28T17:14:45Z", "ms": -673512314935.1604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:43 on Fri 27 Aug to 15:37 on Sat 28 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-27T06:43:00Z → 1948-08-28T06:37:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:27–02:15 on the 27th, 01:27–02:15 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Janmāṣṭamī 1948 falls on Friday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:43 on Fri 27 Aug to 15:37 on Sat 28 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-26T15:03:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T06:03:24Z", "ms": -673725396339.545 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-27T15:43:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T06:43:00Z", "ms": -673636619505.082 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-26T15:03:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T06:03:24Z", "ms": -673725396339.545 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-27T15:43:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T06:43:00Z", "ms": -673636619505.082 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-26T13:26:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T04:26:56Z", "ms": -673731183600.017 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-26T14:14:56+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-26T05:14:56Z", "ms": -673728303600.017 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-27T13:26:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T04:26:39Z", "ms": -673644800605.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-27T14:14:39+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-27T05:14:39Z", "ms": -673641920605.9023 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:03 on Thu 26 Aug to 15:43 on Fri 27 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-26T06:03:24Z → 1948-08-27T06:43:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:27–14:15 on the 26th, 13:27–14:15 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śītalā Saptamī 1948 falls on Friday 27 August. Saptamī runs from 15:03 on Thu 26 Aug to 15:43 on Fri 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11705, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-08-30T13:01:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-30T04:01:08Z", "ms": -673387132096.7867 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-31T10:35:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T01:35:29Z", "ms": -673309471395.0983 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-08-30T13:01:08+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-30T04:01:08Z", "ms": -673387132096.7867 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-31T10:35:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T01:35:29Z", "ms": -673309471395.0983 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-30T07:19:37+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-29T22:19:37Z", "ms": -673407622555.6824 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-30T07:19:37+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-29T22:19:37Z", "ms": -673407622555.6824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-31T07:20:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-30T22:20:23Z", "ms": -673321176599.138 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-31T07:20:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-30T22:20:23Z", "ms": -673321176599.138 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:01 on Mon 30 Aug to 10:35 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1948-08-30T04:01:08Z → 1948-08-31T01:35:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:20 on the 30th and 07:20 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11705 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ajā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Tuesday 31 August. Ekādaśī runs from 13:01 on Mon 30 Aug to 10:35 on Tue 31 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22625, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-01T07:33:04+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T22:33:04Z", "ms": -673234016436.9705 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-01T07:33:04+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T22:33:04Z", "ms": -673234016436.9705 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-08-31T20:18:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T11:18:32Z", "ms": -673274487506.0947 }, "end": { "local": "1948-08-31T21:46:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-08-31T12:46:53Z", "ms": -673269186598.2427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-01T20:17:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T11:17:09Z", "ms": -673188170693.6555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-01T21:45:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T12:45:47Z", "ms": -673182852581.1565 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:33 on Wed 1 Sep to 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1948-08-31T22:33:04Z → 1948-09-01T19:02:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:19–21:47 on the 31st, 20:17–21:46 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 31st and 89 of 89 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22625 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Trayodaśī runs from 07:33 on Wed 1 Sep to 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-09-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T00:15:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T15:15:15Z", "ms": -673087485014.2697 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T00:15:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T15:15:15Z", "ms": -673087485014.2697 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T01:25:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T16:25:32Z", "ms": -673169667771.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-02T02:13:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T17:13:32Z", "ms": -673166787771.7842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-03T01:25:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T16:25:13Z", "ms": -673083286727.5051 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T02:13:13+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T17:13:13Z", "ms": -673080406727.5051 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep to 00:15 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z → 1948-09-02T15:15:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:26–02:14 on the 1st, 01:25–02:13 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 4198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep to 00:15 on Fri 3 Sep, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9034, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T00:15:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T15:15:15Z", "ms": -673087485014.2697 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T04:02:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z", "ms": -673160227312.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T00:15:15+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T15:15:15Z", "ms": -673087485014.2697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-01T20:17:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T11:17:09Z", "ms": -673188170693.6555 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-01T21:45:47+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-01T12:45:47Z", "ms": -673182852581.1565 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-02T20:15:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T11:15:46Z", "ms": -673101854397.2169 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-02T21:44:41+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-02T12:44:41Z", "ms": -673096519018.6271 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep to 00:15 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-01T19:02:53Z → 1948-09-02T15:15:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:17–21:46 on the 1st, 20:16–21:45 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 1st and 89 of 89 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9034 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Aghora Caturdaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 2 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 2 Sep to 00:15 on Fri 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8378, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-09-03T20:21:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-03T11:21:11Z", "ms": -673015129412.431 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-04T16:31:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-04T07:31:49Z", "ms": -672942490643.314 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-03T20:21:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-03T11:21:11Z", "ms": -673015129412.431 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-04T16:31:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-04T07:31:49Z", "ms": -672942490643.314 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-03T13:24:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-03T04:24:31Z", "ms": -673040128824.7727 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-03T14:12:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-03T05:12:31Z", "ms": -673037248824.7727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-04T13:24:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-04T04:24:12Z", "ms": -672953748287.0256 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-04T14:12:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-04T05:12:12Z", "ms": -672950868287.0256 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:21 on Fri 3 Sep to 16:32 on Sat 4 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-03T11:21:11Z → 1948-09-04T07:31:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:25–14:13 on the 3rd, 13:24–14:12 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8378 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rudra Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 4 September. Pratipadā runs from 20:21 on Fri 3 Sep to 16:32 on Sat 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-09-05T12:58:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-05T03:58:03Z", "ms": -672868916960.8235 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-06T09:49:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T00:49:57Z", "ms": -672793803002.4524 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-05T12:58:03+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-05T03:58:03Z", "ms": -672868916960.8235 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-06T09:49:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T00:49:57Z", "ms": -672793803002.4524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-05T13:23:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-05T04:23:52Z", "ms": -672867367997.9451 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-05T14:11:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-05T05:11:52Z", "ms": -672864487997.9451 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-06T13:23:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T04:23:32Z", "ms": -672780987944.2721 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-06T14:11:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T05:11:32Z", "ms": -672778107944.2721 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 12:58 on Sun 5 Sep to 09:50 on Mon 6 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-05T03:58:03Z → 1948-09-06T00:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:24–14:12 on the 5th, 13:24–14:12 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1948 falls on Sunday 5 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 12:58 on Sun 5 Sep to 09:50 on Mon 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12815, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-06T09:49:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T00:49:57Z", "ms": -672793803002.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-07T07:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T22:16:18Z", "ms": -672716621618.1501 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-06T09:49:57+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T00:49:57Z", "ms": -672793803002.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-07T07:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T22:16:18Z", "ms": -672716621618.1501 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-06T13:23:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T04:23:32Z", "ms": -672780987944.2721 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-06T14:11:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T05:11:32Z", "ms": -672778107944.2721 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-07T13:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T04:23:12Z", "ms": -672694608111.5312 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-07T14:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T05:11:12Z", "ms": -672691728111.5312 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:50 on Mon 6 Sep to 07:16 on Tue 7 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-06T00:49:57Z → 1948-09-06T22:16:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:24–14:12 on the 6th, 13:23–14:11 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12815 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1948 falls on Monday 6 September. Caturthī runs from 09:50 on Mon 6 Sep to 07:16 on Tue 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-07T07:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T22:16:18Z", "ms": -672716621618.1501 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-08T05:24:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T20:24:00Z", "ms": -672636960058.6589 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-07T07:16:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-06T22:16:18Z", "ms": -672716621618.1501 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-08T05:24:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T20:24:00Z", "ms": -672636960058.6589 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-07T13:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T04:23:12Z", "ms": -672694608111.5312 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-07T14:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T05:11:12Z", "ms": -672691728111.5312 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-08T13:22:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T04:22:52Z", "ms": -672608228483.9194 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-08T14:10:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T05:10:52Z", "ms": -672605348483.9194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:16 on Tue 7 Sep to 05:24 on Wed 8 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-06T22:16:18Z → 1948-09-07T20:24:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:23–14:11 on the 7th, 13:23–14:11 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 22014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1948 falls on Tuesday 7 September. Pañcamī runs from 07:16 on Tue 7 Sep to 05:24 on Wed 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28732, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-08T05:24:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T20:24:00Z", "ms": -672636960058.6589 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-09T04:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T19:17:23Z", "ms": -672554557464.9171 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-08T05:24:00+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-07T20:24:00Z", "ms": -672636960058.6589 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-09T04:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T19:17:23Z", "ms": -672554557464.9171 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-08T13:22:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T04:22:52Z", "ms": -672608228483.9194 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-08T14:10:52+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T05:10:52Z", "ms": -672605348483.9194 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-09T13:22:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T04:22:31Z", "ms": -672521849044.3684 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-09T14:10:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T05:10:31Z", "ms": -672518969044.3684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:24 on Wed 8 Sep to 04:17 on Thu 9 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-07T20:24:00Z → 1948-09-08T19:17:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:23–14:11 on the 8th, 13:23–14:11 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28732 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1948 falls on Wednesday 8 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:24 on Wed 8 Sep to 04:17 on Thu 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32708, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-09T04:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T19:17:23Z", "ms": -672554557464.9171 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-10T03:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T18:57:44Z", "ms": -672469335948.5874 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-09T04:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-08T19:17:23Z", "ms": -672554557464.9171 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-10T03:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T18:57:44Z", "ms": -672469335948.5874 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-09T13:22:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T04:22:31Z", "ms": -672521849044.3684 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-09T14:10:31+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T05:10:31Z", "ms": -672518969044.3684 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-10T13:22:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T04:22:10Z", "ms": -672435469774.6926 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-10T14:10:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T05:10:10Z", "ms": -672432589774.6926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:17 on Thu 9 Sep to 03:58 on Fri 10 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-08T19:17:23Z → 1948-09-09T18:57:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:23–14:11 on the 9th, 13:22–14:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32708 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1948 falls on Thursday 9 September. Saptamī runs from 04:17 on Thu 9 Sep to 03:58 on Fri 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-10T03:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T18:57:44Z", "ms": -672469335948.5874 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-11T04:23:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T19:23:06Z", "ms": -672381414138.5449 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-10T03:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-09T18:57:44Z", "ms": -672469335948.5874 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-11T04:23:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T19:23:06Z", "ms": -672381414138.5449 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-10T13:22:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T04:22:10Z", "ms": -672435469774.6926 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-10T14:10:10+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-10T05:10:10Z", "ms": -672432589774.6926 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-11T13:21:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-11T04:21:49Z", "ms": -672349090655.7627 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-11T14:09:49+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-11T05:09:49Z", "ms": -672346210655.7627 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:58 on Fri 10 Sep to 04:23 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-09T18:57:44Z → 1948-09-10T19:23:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:22–14:10 on the 10th, 13:22–14:10 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rādhāṣṭamī 1948 falls on Friday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:58 on Fri 10 Sep to 04:23 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-09-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1427, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-13T07:06:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-12T22:06:29Z", "ms": -672198811137.3611 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-14T09:08:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T00:08:42Z", "ms": -672105078431.7028 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-13T07:06:29+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-12T22:06:29Z", "ms": -672198811137.3611 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-14T09:08:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T00:08:42Z", "ms": -672105078431.7028 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-13T07:30:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-12T22:30:16Z", "ms": -672197383758.207 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-13T07:30:16+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-12T22:30:16Z", "ms": -672197383758.207 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-14T07:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-13T22:31:02Z", "ms": -672110938352.0714 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-14T07:31:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-13T22:31:02Z", "ms": -672110938352.0714 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:06 on Mon 13 Sep to 09:09 on Tue 14 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-12T22:06:29Z → 1948-09-14T00:08:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:30 on the 13th and 07:31 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1427 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Tuesday 14 September. Ekādaśī runs from 07:06 on Mon 13 Sep to 09:09 on Tue 14 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-09-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-14T09:08:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T00:08:42Z", "ms": -672105078431.7028 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-15T11:26:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T02:26:33Z", "ms": -672010406950.8995 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-14T09:08:42+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T00:08:42Z", "ms": -672105078431.7028 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-15T11:26:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T02:26:33Z", "ms": -672010406950.8995 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-14T13:20:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T04:20:46Z", "ms": -672089954000.9438 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-14T14:08:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-14T05:08:46Z", "ms": -672087074000.9438 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-15T13:20:25+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T04:20:25Z", "ms": -672003575279.3757 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-15T14:08:25+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T05:08:25Z", "ms": -672000695279.3757 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:09 on Tue 14 Sep to 11:27 on Wed 15 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-14T00:08:42Z → 1948-09-15T02:26:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:21–14:09 on the 14th, 13:20–14:08 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vāmana Jayantī 1948 falls on Tuesday 14 September. Dvādaśī runs from 09:09 on Tue 14 Sep to 11:27 on Wed 15 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21793, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-15T11:26:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T02:26:33Z", "ms": -672010406950.8995 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-16T13:52:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T04:52:21Z", "ms": -671915259058.0033 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-15T11:26:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T02:26:33Z", "ms": -672010406950.8995 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-16T13:52:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T04:52:21Z", "ms": -671915259058.0033 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-15T19:57:02+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T10:57:02Z", "ms": -671979777632.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-15T21:29:46+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T12:29:46Z", "ms": -671974213610.5831 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-16T19:55:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T10:55:34Z", "ms": -671893465740.8804 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-16T21:28:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T12:28:36Z", "ms": -671887883903.2404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:27 on Wed 15 Sep to 13:52 on Thu 16 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-15T02:26:33Z → 1948-09-16T04:52:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:57–21:30 on the 15th, 19:56–21:29 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 93 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21793 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Trayodaśī runs from 11:27 on Wed 15 Sep to 13:52 on Thu 16 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13872, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-16T13:52:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T04:52:21Z", "ms": -671915259058.0033 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-17T16:19:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-17T07:19:35Z", "ms": -671820025068.9998 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-16T13:52:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T04:52:21Z", "ms": -671915259058.0033 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-17T16:19:35+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-17T07:19:35Z", "ms": -671820025068.9998 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-16T07:32:33+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-15T22:32:33Z", "ms": -671938047466.7302 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-16T10:01:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T01:01:09Z", "ms": -671929131121.5603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-17T07:33:18+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-16T22:33:18Z", "ms": -671851601958.5804 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-17T10:01:28+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-17T01:01:28Z", "ms": -671842712355.5979 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:52 on Thu 16 Sep to 16:20 on Fri 17 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-16T04:52:21Z → 1948-09-17T07:19:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:33–10:01 on the 16th, 07:33–10:01 on the 17th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 149 minutes on the 16th and 148 of 148 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13872 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ananta Caturdaśī 1948 falls on Friday 17 September. Caturdaśī runs from 13:52 on Thu 16 Sep to 16:20 on Fri 17 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-09-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12190, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-22T00:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-21T15:40:21Z", "ms": -671444378594.6027 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-23T01:58:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-22T16:58:23Z", "ms": -671353296552.6802 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-22T00:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-21T15:40:21Z", "ms": -671444378594.6027 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-23T01:58:23+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-22T16:58:23Z", "ms": -671353296552.6802 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-21T21:17:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-21T12:17:11Z", "ms": -671456568518.983 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-21T21:17:11+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-21T12:17:11Z", "ms": -671456568518.983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-22T21:45:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-22T12:45:09Z", "ms": -671368490861.6309 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-22T21:45:09+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-22T12:45:09Z", "ms": -671368490861.6309 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:40 on Wed 22 Sep to 01:58 on Thu 23 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-21T15:40:21Z → 1948-09-22T16:58:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:17 on the 21st and 21:45 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12190 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Wednesday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 00:40 on Wed 22 Sep to 01:58 on Thu 23 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14568, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-24T02:46:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-23T17:46:36Z", "ms": -671264004205.61 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-25T02:59:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-24T17:59:53Z", "ms": -671176806887.1617 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-24T02:46:36+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-23T17:46:36Z", "ms": -671264004205.61 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-25T02:59:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-24T17:59:53Z", "ms": -671176806887.1617 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-23T22:17:48+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-23T13:17:48Z", "ms": -671280131614.3285 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-23T22:17:48+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-23T13:17:48Z", "ms": -671280131614.3285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-24T22:57:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-24T13:57:06Z", "ms": -671191374420.6725 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-24T22:57:06+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-24T13:57:06Z", "ms": -671191374420.6725 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 24 Sep to 03:00 on Sat 25 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-23T17:46:36Z → 1948-09-24T17:59:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:18 on the 23rd and 22:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14568 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1948 falls on Friday 24 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:47 on Fri 24 Sep to 03:00 on Sat 25 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15117, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-26T02:34:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z", "ms": -671091928426.454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-27T01:28:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T16:28:51Z", "ms": -671009468753.6128 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-26T02:34:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z", "ms": -671091928426.454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-27T01:28:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T16:28:51Z", "ms": -671009468753.6128 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-25T19:42:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T10:42:21Z", "ms": -671116659353.5017 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-25T21:18:04+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T12:18:04Z", "ms": -671110916456.0765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-26T19:40:53+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T10:40:53Z", "ms": -671030347051.4738 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-26T21:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T12:16:54Z", "ms": -671024586214.2362 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 26 Sep to 01:29 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z → 1948-09-26T16:28:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:42–21:18 on the 25th, 19:41–21:17 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 25th and 96 of 96 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15117 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1948 falls on Sunday 26 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 26 Sep to 01:29 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-26T02:34:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z", "ms": -671091928426.454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-27T01:28:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T16:28:51Z", "ms": -671009468753.6128 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-26T02:34:32+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z", "ms": -671091928426.454 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-27T01:28:51+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T16:28:51Z", "ms": -671009468753.6128 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-25T23:44:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T14:44:55Z", "ms": -671102104516.6293 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-25T23:44:55+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-25T14:44:55Z", "ms": -671102104516.6293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-27T00:42:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T15:42:24Z", "ms": -671012255877.4579 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-27T00:42:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-26T15:42:24Z", "ms": -671012255877.4579 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 26 Sep to 01:29 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-25T17:34:32Z → 1948-09-26T16:28:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:45 on the 25th and 00:42 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1948 falls on Sunday 26 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 26 Sep to 01:29 on Mon 27 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-09-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37214, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-28T21:22:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-28T12:22:20Z", "ms": -670851460103.87 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-29T18:30:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-29T09:30:24Z", "ms": -670775375942.0444 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-28T21:22:20+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-28T12:22:20Z", "ms": -670851460103.87 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-29T18:30:24+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-29T09:30:24Z", "ms": -670775375942.0444 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-29T07:42:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-28T22:42:34Z", "ms": -670814246421.1912 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-29T07:42:34+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-28T22:42:34Z", "ms": -670814246421.1912 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-30T07:43:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-29T22:43:21Z", "ms": -670727798901.6466 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-30T07:43:21+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-29T22:43:21Z", "ms": -670727798901.6466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:22 on Tue 28 Sep to 18:30 on Wed 29 Sep.", "fact": "1948-09-28T12:22:20Z → 1948-09-29T09:30:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:43 on the 29th and 07:43 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37214 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Indirā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 29 September. Ekādaśī runs from 21:22 on Tue 28 Sep to 18:30 on Wed 29 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15587, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-09-30T15:15:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T06:15:17Z", "ms": -670700682599.1449 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-01T10:45:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T02:45:43Z", "ms": -670626857090.8569 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-09-30T15:15:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T06:15:17Z", "ms": -670700682599.1449 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-01T10:45:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T02:45:43Z", "ms": -670626857090.8569 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-09-30T19:35:05+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T10:35:05Z", "ms": -670685095491.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1948-09-30T21:12:17+09:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T12:12:17Z", "ms": -670679262911.9044 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-01T18:33:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T10:33:38Z", "ms": -670598781871.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-01T20:11:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T12:11:09Z", "ms": -670592931373.8456 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:15 on Thu 30 Sep to 10:46 on Fri 1 Oct.", "fact": "1948-09-30T06:15:17Z → 1948-10-01T02:45:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:35–21:12 on the 30th, 18:34–20:11 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 98 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15587 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Thursday 30 September. Trayodaśī runs from 15:15 on Thu 30 Sep to 10:46 on Fri 1 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-10-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22076, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-01T10:45:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T02:45:43Z", "ms": -670626857090.8569 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-02T07:11:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T23:11:14Z", "ms": -670553326261.8469 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-01T10:45:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T02:45:43Z", "ms": -670626857090.8569 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-02T07:11:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T23:11:14Z", "ms": -670553326261.8469 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-01T00:15:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T16:15:37Z", "ms": -670664663317.1357 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-01T01:03:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-09-30T17:03:37Z", "ms": -670661783317.1357 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-02T00:15:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T16:15:17Z", "ms": -670578282504.6232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-02T01:03:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T17:03:17Z", "ms": -670575402504.6232 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:46 on Fri 1 Oct to 07:11 on Sat 2 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-01T02:45:43Z → 1948-10-01T23:11:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:16–01:04 on the 30th, 00:15–01:03 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22076 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Friday 1 October. Caturdaśī runs from 10:46 on Fri 1 Oct to 07:11 on Sat 2 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-10-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1948-10-02T07:11:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T23:11:14Z", "ms": -670553326261.8469 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-03T03:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T19:41:47Z", "ms": -670479492531.3855 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-02T07:11:14+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-01T23:11:14Z", "ms": -670553326261.8469 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-03T03:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T19:41:47Z", "ms": -670479492531.3855 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-02T13:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T05:49:18Z", "ms": -670529441998.1337 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-02T16:10:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T08:10:45Z", "ms": -670520954951.6776 } }, "covered_min": 141, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-03T13:48:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T05:48:46Z", "ms": -670443074092.254 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-03T16:09:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T08:09:46Z", "ms": -670434613829.1293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 141, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:11 on Sat 2 Oct to 03:42 on Sun 3 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-01T23:11:14Z → 1948-10-02T19:41:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:49–16:11 on the 2nd, 13:49–16:10 on the 3rd.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 141 of 141 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 141 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1948 falls on Saturday 2 October. Amāvasyā runs from 07:11 on Sat 2 Oct to 03:42 on Sun 3 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30748, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-10-03T03:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T19:41:47Z", "ms": -670479492531.3855 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-04T00:27:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T16:27:22Z", "ms": -670404757917.4338 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-03T03:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-02T19:41:47Z", "ms": -670479492531.3855 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-04T00:27:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T16:27:22Z", "ms": -670404757917.4338 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-03T12:14:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T04:14:16Z", "ms": -670448744223.8164 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-03T13:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-03T05:02:16Z", "ms": -670445864223.8164 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-04T12:13:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-04T04:13:57Z", "ms": -670362362598.9801 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-04T13:01:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-04T05:01:57Z", "ms": -670359482598.9801 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 03:42 on Sun 3 Oct to 00:27 on Mon 4 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-02T19:41:47Z → 1948-10-03T16:27:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 3rd, 12:14–13:02 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30748 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1948 falls on Sunday 3 October. Pratipadā runs from 03:42 on Sun 3 Oct to 00:27 on Mon 4 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-10-06", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16998, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-05T19:20:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-05T11:20:53Z", "ms": -670250346547.3552 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-06T17:44:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-06T09:44:40Z", "ms": -670169720332.7225 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-05T19:20:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-05T11:20:53Z", "ms": -670250346547.3552 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-06T17:44:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-06T09:44:40Z", "ms": -670169720332.7225 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-05T12:13:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-05T04:13:39Z", "ms": -670275980631.1602 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-05T13:01:39+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-05T05:01:39Z", "ms": -670273100631.1602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-06T12:13:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-06T04:13:22Z", "ms": -670189598304.1157 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-06T13:01:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-06T05:01:22Z", "ms": -670186718304.1157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:21 on Tue 5 Oct to 17:45 on Wed 6 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-05T11:20:53Z → 1948-10-06T09:44:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 5th, 12:13–13:01 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16998 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Wednesday 6 October. Caturthī runs from 19:21 on Tue 5 Oct to 17:45 on Wed 6 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-10-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-08T16:50:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-08T08:50:24Z", "ms": -670000175799.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-09T17:33:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T09:33:04Z", "ms": -669911216184.3383 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-08T16:50:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-08T08:50:24Z", "ms": -670000175799.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-09T17:33:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T09:33:04Z", "ms": -669911216184.3383 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-08T06:49:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-07T22:49:50Z", "ms": -670036209675.6501 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-08T07:36:06+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-07T23:36:06Z", "ms": -670033434052.7238 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-09T06:50:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-08T22:50:40Z", "ms": -669949759812.1339 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-09T07:36:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-08T23:36:47Z", "ms": -669946993036.4048 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:50 on Fri 8 Oct to 17:33 on Sat 9 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-08T08:50:24Z → 1948-10-09T09:33:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:50–07:36 on the 8th, 06:51–07:37 on the 9th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 46 minutes on the 8th and 46 of 46 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Durgā Saptamī 1948 falls on Saturday 9 October. Saptamī runs from 16:50 on Fri 8 Oct to 17:33 on Sat 9 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-09T17:33:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T09:33:04Z", "ms": -669911216184.3383 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-10T18:56:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T10:56:45Z", "ms": -669819795044.9553 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-09T17:33:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T09:33:04Z", "ms": -669911216184.3383 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-10T18:56:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T10:56:45Z", "ms": -669819795044.9553 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-09T12:12:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T04:12:31Z", "ms": -669930448994.1653 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-09T13:00:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-09T05:00:31Z", "ms": -669927568994.1653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-10T12:12:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T04:12:15Z", "ms": -669844065053.2639 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-10T13:00:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T05:00:15Z", "ms": -669841185053.2639 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:33 on Sat 9 Oct to 18:57 on Sun 10 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-09T09:33:04Z → 1948-10-10T10:56:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 9th, 12:12–13:00 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1948 falls on Sunday 10 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:33 on Sat 9 Oct to 18:57 on Sun 10 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21390, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-10T18:56:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T10:56:45Z", "ms": -669819795044.9553 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-11T20:53:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T12:53:11Z", "ms": -669726409212.332 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-10T18:56:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T10:56:45Z", "ms": -669819795044.9553 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-11T20:53:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T12:53:11Z", "ms": -669726409212.332 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-10T12:12:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T04:12:15Z", "ms": -669844065053.2639 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-10T13:00:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T05:00:15Z", "ms": -669841185053.2639 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-11T12:11:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T04:11:59Z", "ms": -669757680661.5685 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-11T12:59:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T04:59:59Z", "ms": -669754800661.5685 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 18:57 on Sun 10 Oct to 20:53 on Mon 11 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-10T10:56:45Z → 1948-10-11T12:53:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 10th, 12:12–13:00 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21390 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mahānavamī 1948 falls on Monday 11 October. Navamī runs from 18:57 on Sun 10 Oct to 20:53 on Mon 11 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-11T20:53:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T12:53:11Z", "ms": -669726409212.332 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-12T23:11:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T15:11:51Z", "ms": -669631688768.0817 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1948-10-11T20:53:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T12:53:11Z", "ms": -669726409212.332 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-12T17:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T09:41:53Z", "ms": -669651486625.6035 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1948-10-11T14:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T06:56:53Z", "ms": -669747786517.3224 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-12T17:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T09:41:53Z", "ms": -669651486625.6035 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-11T06:52:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-10T22:52:21Z", "ms": -669776859209.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-11T18:19:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T10:19:38Z", "ms": -669735622113.6453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 687, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-12T06:53:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-11T22:53:12Z", "ms": -669690408454.7864 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-12T18:18:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T10:18:17Z", "ms": -669649303143.8969 } }, "covered_min": 649, "window_min": 685, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 20:53 on Mon 11 Oct to 23:12 on Tue 12 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 14:57 on Mon 11 Oct to 17:42 on Tue 12 Oct. They are together from 20:53 on Mon 11 Oct to 17:42 on Tue 12 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-11T12:53:11Z → 1948-10-12T09:41:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:52–18:20 on the 11th, 06:53–18:18 on the 12th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 687 minutes on the 11th and 649 of 685 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1948 falls on Tuesday 12 October. Daśamī runs from 20:53 on Mon 11 Oct to 23:12 on Tue 12 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 649 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-10-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18806, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-12T23:11:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T15:11:51Z", "ms": -669631688768.0817 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-14T01:41:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-13T17:41:28Z", "ms": -669536311666.6349 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-12T23:11:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T15:11:51Z", "ms": -669631688768.0817 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-14T01:41:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-13T17:41:28Z", "ms": -669536311666.6349 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-13T06:54:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T22:54:03Z", "ms": -669603957387.1124 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-13T06:54:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-12T22:54:03Z", "ms": -669603957387.1124 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-14T06:54:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-13T22:54:54Z", "ms": -669517505998.3606 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-14T06:54:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-13T22:54:54Z", "ms": -669517505998.3606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:12 on Tue 12 Oct to 01:41 on Thu 14 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-12T15:11:51Z → 1948-10-13T17:41:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:54 on the 13th and 06:55 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18806 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Wednesday 13 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:12 on Tue 12 Oct to 01:41 on Thu 14 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29664, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-15T04:11:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-14T20:11:22Z", "ms": -669440918115.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-16T06:32:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-15T22:32:32Z", "ms": -669346047804.065 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-15T04:11:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-14T20:11:22Z", "ms": -669440918115.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-16T06:32:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-15T22:32:32Z", "ms": -669346047804.065 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-14T18:15:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-14T10:15:37Z", "ms": -669476663168.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-14T19:56:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-14T11:56:58Z", "ms": -669470581983.2922 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-15T18:14:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-15T10:14:18Z", "ms": -669390342098.1406 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-15T19:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-15T11:55:57Z", "ms": -669384243448.4412 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:11 on Fri 15 Oct to 06:33 on Sat 16 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-14T20:11:22Z → 1948-10-15T22:32:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–19:57 on the 14th, 18:14–19:56 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 14th and 102 of 102 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29664 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Friday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:11 on Fri 15 Oct to 06:33 on Sat 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24317, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T13:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z", "ms": -668890116614.5939 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T13:13:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T05:13:36Z", "ms": -668803583960.9662 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T13:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z", "ms": -668890116614.5939 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T13:13:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T05:13:36Z", "ms": -668803583960.9662 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T19:56:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T11:56:40Z", "ms": -668865799813.1769 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-21T19:56:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T11:56:40Z", "ms": -668865799813.1769 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-22T20:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T12:41:43Z", "ms": -668776696992.8002 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T20:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T12:41:43Z", "ms": -668776696992.8002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Thu 21 Oct to 13:14 on Fri 22 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z → 1948-10-22T05:13:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:57 on the 21st and 20:42 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24317 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1948 falls on Thursday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Thu 21 Oct to 13:14 on Fri 22 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-10-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24317, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T13:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z", "ms": -668890116614.5939 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T13:13:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T05:13:36Z", "ms": -668803583960.9662 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T13:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z", "ms": -668890116614.5939 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T13:13:36+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T05:13:36Z", "ms": -668803583960.9662 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-21T19:56:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T11:56:40Z", "ms": -668865799813.1769 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-21T19:56:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-21T11:56:40Z", "ms": -668865799813.1769 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-22T20:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T12:41:43Z", "ms": -668776696992.8002 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-22T20:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-22T12:41:43Z", "ms": -668776696992.8002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Thu 21 Oct to 13:14 on Fri 22 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-21T05:11:23Z → 1948-10-22T05:13:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:57 on the 21st and 20:42 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24317 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Thursday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 13:11 on Thu 21 Oct to 13:14 on Fri 22 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-25T10:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-25T02:32:09Z", "ms": -668554071175.5317 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-26T08:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-26T00:44:30Z", "ms": -668474130384.4131 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-25T10:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-25T02:32:09Z", "ms": -668554071175.5317 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-26T08:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-26T00:44:30Z", "ms": -668474130384.4131 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-24T22:38:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-24T14:38:20Z", "ms": -668596900251.7694 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-24T22:38:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-24T14:38:20Z", "ms": -668596900251.7694 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-25T23:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-25T15:47:15Z", "ms": -668506364567.4701 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-25T23:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-25T15:47:15Z", "ms": -668506364567.4701 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:32 on Mon 25 Oct to 08:44 on Tue 26 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-25T02:32:09Z → 1948-10-26T00:44:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:38 on the 24th and 23:47 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1948 falls on Monday 25 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:32 on Mon 25 Oct to 08:44 on Tue 26 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-10-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-28T04:02:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-27T20:02:37Z", "ms": -668318243462.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T01:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T17:17:11Z", "ms": -668241768968.4382 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-28T04:02:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-27T20:02:37Z", "ms": -668318243462.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T01:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T17:17:11Z", "ms": -668241768968.4382 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-28T07:07:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-27T23:07:31Z", "ms": -668307149089.0353 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-28T07:07:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-27T23:07:31Z", "ms": -668307149089.0353 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T07:08:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T23:08:28Z", "ms": -668220692246.0613 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T07:08:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T23:08:28Z", "ms": -668220692246.0613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 28 Oct to 01:17 on Fri 29 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-27T20:02:37Z → 1948-10-28T17:17:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:08 on the 28th and 07:08 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Ramā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Thursday 28 October. Ekādaśī runs from 04:03 on Thu 28 Oct to 01:17 on Fri 29 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9607, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T01:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T17:17:11Z", "ms": -668241768968.4382 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T01:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T17:17:11Z", "ms": -668241768968.4382 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-28T17:58:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T09:58:34Z", "ms": -668268086488.3069 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-28T19:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-28T11:43:53Z", "ms": -668261767256.0074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T17:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T09:57:28Z", "ms": -668181751682.9323 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T19:43:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T11:43:04Z", "ms": -668175416132.9954 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:17 on Fri 29 Oct to 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-28T17:17:11Z → 1948-10-29T14:23:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:59–19:44 on the 28th, 17:57–19:43 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 28th and 106 of 106 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9607 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1948 falls on Friday 29 October. Dvādaśī runs from 01:17 on Fri 29 Oct to 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 883, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T17:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T09:57:28Z", "ms": -668181751682.9323 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T19:43:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T11:43:04Z", "ms": -668175416132.9954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T17:56:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T09:56:24Z", "ms": -668095415652.1329 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:42:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:42:16Z", "ms": -668089063903.8915 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct to 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z → 1948-10-30T11:27:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:57–19:43 on the 29th, 17:56–19:42 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 91 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 883 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Yama Dīpadāna 1948 falls on Saturday 30 October. Trayodaśī runs from 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct to 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct and covers 91 of 106 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-10-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 883, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T22:23:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z", "ms": -668165809504.6232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-29T17:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T09:57:28Z", "ms": -668181751682.9323 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-29T19:43:04+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T11:43:04Z", "ms": -668175416132.9954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T17:56:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T09:56:24Z", "ms": -668095415652.1329 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:42:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:42:16Z", "ms": -668089063903.8915 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct to 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-29T14:23:10Z → 1948-10-30T11:27:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:57–19:43 on the 29th, 17:56–19:42 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 91 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 883 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Saturday 30 October. Trayodaśī runs from 22:23 on Fri 29 Oct to 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct and covers 91 of 106 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-10-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16910, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T00:09:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T16:09:23Z", "ms": -668073036596.2277 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T00:57:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T16:57:23Z", "ms": -668070156596.2277 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T00:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T16:09:21Z", "ms": -667986639037.5303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T00:57:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T16:57:21Z", "ms": -667983759037.5303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct to 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z → 1948-10-31T08:37:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 30th, 00:09–00:57 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16910 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct to 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34057, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T19:27:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z", "ms": -668089946550.6195 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-30T05:23:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T21:23:49Z", "ms": -668140570608.3427 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-30T07:09:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-29T23:09:25Z", "ms": -668134235058.4058 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T05:24:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T21:24:31Z", "ms": -668054129288.5638 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T07:10:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-30T23:10:22Z", "ms": -668047777540.3224 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct to 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1948-10-30T11:27:33Z → 1948-10-31T08:37:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:24–07:09 on the 30th, 05:25–07:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 30th and 106 of 106 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34057 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1948 falls on Sunday 31 October. Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Sat 30 Oct to 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4642, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T17:55:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T09:55:22Z", "ms": -668009078366.8931 }, "end": { "local": "1948-10-31T19:41:29+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T11:41:29Z", "ms": -668002710545.7296 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T17:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T09:54:20Z", "ms": -667922739798.9587 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T19:40:44+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T11:40:44Z", "ms": -667916356036.446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct to 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov.", "fact": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z → 1948-11-01T06:02:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:55–19:41 on the 31st, 17:54–19:41 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 106 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4642 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1948 falls on Sunday 31 October. Amāvasyā runs from 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct to 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27082, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-10-31T16:37:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z", "ms": -668013720668.6432 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T00:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T16:09:21Z", "ms": -667986639037.5303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T00:57:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T16:57:21Z", "ms": -667983759037.5303 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T00:09:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T16:09:19Z", "ms": -667900240689.5361 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T00:57:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T16:57:19Z", "ms": -667897360689.5361 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct to 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov.", "fact": "1948-10-31T08:37:59Z → 1948-11-01T06:02:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 31st, 00:09–00:57 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27082 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kālī Pūjā 1948 falls on Sunday 31 October. Amāvasyā runs from 16:38 on Sun 31 Oct to 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13908, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T17:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T09:54:20Z", "ms": -667922739798.9587 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T19:40:44+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T11:40:44Z", "ms": -667916356036.446 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T17:53:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T09:53:20Z", "ms": -667836399920.386 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T19:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T11:40:00Z", "ms": -667830000354.4357 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z → 1948-11-02T03:49:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:54–19:41 on the 1st, 17:53–19:40 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 107 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13908 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Bali Pūjā 1948 falls on Monday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1167, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T12:08:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T04:08:50Z", "ms": -667943469753.5632 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T12:56:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T04:56:50Z", "ms": -667940589753.5632 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T12:08:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T04:08:49Z", "ms": -667857070750.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T12:56:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T04:56:49Z", "ms": -667854190750.2498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z → 1948-11-02T03:49:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 1st, 12:09–12:57 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1167 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Govardhana Pūjā 1948 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1167, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-03T10:06:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-03T02:06:16Z", "ms": -667778023809.9208 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-03T10:06:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-03T02:06:16Z", "ms": -667778023809.9208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T12:08:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T04:08:49Z", "ms": -667857070750.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T12:56:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T04:56:49Z", "ms": -667854190750.2498 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-03T12:08:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-03T04:08:49Z", "ms": -667770670939.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-03T12:56:49+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-03T04:56:49Z", "ms": -667767790939.4302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov to 10:06 on Wed 3 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z → 1948-11-03T02:06:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 2nd, 12:09–12:57 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1167 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1948 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Dvitīyā runs from 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov to 10:06 on Wed 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T14:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z", "ms": -667936647495.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T11:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T03:49:22Z", "ms": -667858237780.093 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-01T07:11:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-10-31T23:11:20Z", "ms": -667961319708.1676 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-01T10:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T02:45:40Z", "ms": -667948459738.4313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 214, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-02T07:12:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-01T23:12:18Z", "ms": -667874861580.1136 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-02T10:45:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-02T02:45:59Z", "ms": -667862041026.8711 } }, "covered_min": 214, "window_min": 214, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-01T06:02:33Z → 1948-11-02T03:49:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:11–10:46 on the 1st, 07:12–10:46 on the 2nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 214 minutes on the 1st and 214 of 214 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Dyūta Pratipad 1948 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Pratipadā runs from 14:03 on Mon 1 Nov to 11:49 on Tue 2 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T09:00:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z", "ms": -667695594813.2303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T08:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T00:35:57Z", "ms": -667610642618.9653 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T09:00:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z", "ms": -667695594813.2303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T08:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T00:35:57Z", "ms": -667610642618.9653 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T12:08:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T04:08:50Z", "ms": -667684270317.158 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-04T12:56:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T04:56:50Z", "ms": -667681390317.158 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-05T12:08:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T04:08:51Z", "ms": -667597868879.5416 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T12:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T04:56:51Z", "ms": -667594988879.5416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:00 on Thu 4 Nov to 08:36 on Fri 5 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z → 1948-11-05T00:35:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 4th, 12:09–12:57 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Nāga Caturthī 1948 falls on Thursday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 09:00 on Thu 4 Nov to 08:36 on Fri 5 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-11-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T09:00:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z", "ms": -667695594813.2303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T08:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T00:35:57Z", "ms": -667610642618.9653 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T09:00:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z", "ms": -667695594813.2303 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T08:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T00:35:57Z", "ms": -667610642618.9653 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-04T12:08:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T04:08:50Z", "ms": -667684270317.158 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-04T12:56:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-04T04:56:50Z", "ms": -667681390317.158 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-05T12:08:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T04:08:51Z", "ms": -667597868879.5416 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-05T12:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-05T04:56:51Z", "ms": -667594988879.5416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:00 on Thu 4 Nov to 08:36 on Fri 5 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-04T01:00:05Z → 1948-11-05T00:35:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 4th, 12:09–12:57 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Thursday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Thursday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 09:00 on Thu 4 Nov to 08:36 on Fri 5 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7705, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-06T08:56:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-06T00:56:25Z", "ms": -667523015152.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-07T10:00:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-07T02:00:31Z", "ms": -667432768962.2202 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-06T08:56:25+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-06T00:56:25Z", "ms": -667523015152.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-07T10:00:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-07T02:00:31Z", "ms": -667432768962.2202 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-06T12:08:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-06T04:08:53Z", "ms": -667511466622.6619 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-06T12:56:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-06T04:56:53Z", "ms": -667508586622.6619 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-07T12:08:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-07T04:08:56Z", "ms": -667425063542.6077 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-07T12:56:56+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-07T04:56:56Z", "ms": -667422183542.6077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:56 on Sat 6 Nov to 10:01 on Sun 7 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-06T00:56:25Z → 1948-11-07T02:00:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 6th, 12:09–12:57 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7705 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1948 falls on Saturday 6 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:56 on Sat 6 Nov to 10:01 on Sun 7 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1545, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-08T11:43:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-08T03:43:15Z", "ms": -667340204591.6788 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-08T11:43:15+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-08T03:43:15Z", "ms": -667340204591.6788 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-08T12:09:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-08T04:09:00Z", "ms": -667338659635.5801 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-08T12:57:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-08T04:57:00Z", "ms": -667335779635.5801 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T12:09:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T04:09:05Z", "ms": -667252254898.019 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-09T12:57:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T04:57:05Z", "ms": -667249374898.019 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:43 on Mon 8 Nov to 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-08T03:43:15Z → 1948-11-09T05:55:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 8th, 12:09–12:57 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1545 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Gopāṣṭamī 1948 falls on Monday 8 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:43 on Mon 8 Nov to 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11228, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T16:25:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T08:25:17Z", "ms": -667150482804.1469 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T16:25:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T08:25:17Z", "ms": -667150482804.1469 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T07:19:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-08T23:19:12Z", "ms": -667269648133.5922 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-09T10:48:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T02:48:27Z", "ms": -667257092643.2101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 209, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-10T07:20:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T23:20:12Z", "ms": -667183188396.3867 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T10:48:51+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T02:48:51Z", "ms": -667170669016.6038 } }, "covered_min": 209, "window_min": 209, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:25 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z → 1948-11-10T08:25:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:19–10:48 on the 9th, 07:20–10:49 on the 10th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 209 minutes on the 9th and 209 of 209 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11228 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1948 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Navamī runs from 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:25 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3510, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T16:25:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T08:25:17Z", "ms": -667150482804.1469 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T13:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z", "ms": -667245864915.0377 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T16:25:17+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T08:25:17Z", "ms": -667150482804.1469 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-09T12:09:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T04:09:05Z", "ms": -667252254898.019 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-09T12:57:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-09T04:57:05Z", "ms": -667249374898.019 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-10T12:09:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T04:09:11Z", "ms": -667165849326.7122 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-10T12:57:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-10T04:57:11Z", "ms": -667162969326.7122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:25 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-09T05:55:35Z → 1948-11-10T08:25:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 9th, 12:09–12:57 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3510 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Durgā Navamī 1948 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Navamī runs from 13:56 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:25 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-11-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36050, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-11T18:58:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-11T10:58:38Z", "ms": -667054882305.8998 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-12T21:22:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-12T13:22:21Z", "ms": -666959858691.986 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-11T18:58:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-11T10:58:38Z", "ms": -667054882305.8998 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-12T21:22:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-12T13:22:21Z", "ms": -666959858691.986 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-12T07:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-11T23:22:11Z", "ms": -667010268647.9882 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-12T07:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-11T23:22:11Z", "ms": -667010268647.9882 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-13T07:23:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-12T23:23:11Z", "ms": -666923808686.384 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-13T07:23:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-12T23:23:11Z", "ms": -666923808686.384 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:59 on Thu 11 Nov to 21:22 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-11T10:58:38Z → 1948-11-12T13:22:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:22 on the 12th and 07:23 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36050 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Friday 12 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:59 on Thu 11 Nov to 21:22 on Fri 12 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-11-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13931, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-13T23:25:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-13T15:25:27Z", "ms": -666866072846.6288 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-15T01:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-14T17:00:13Z", "ms": -666773987087.9877 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-13T23:25:27+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-13T15:25:27Z", "ms": -666866072846.6288 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-15T01:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-14T17:00:13Z", "ms": -666773987087.9877 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-13T17:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-13T09:43:54Z", "ms": -666886566483.3638 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-13T19:33:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-13T11:33:16Z", "ms": -666880004112.3383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-14T17:43:11+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-14T09:43:11Z", "ms": -666800208610.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-14T19:32:47+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-14T11:32:47Z", "ms": -666793632624.7375 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Sat 13 Nov to 01:00 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-13T15:25:27Z → 1948-11-14T17:00:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:33 on the 13th, 17:43–19:33 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 13th and 110 of 110 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13931 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 14 November. Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Sat 13 Nov to 01:00 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T02:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z", "ms": -666683849717.9928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T02:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T18:31:22Z", "ms": -666595718114.5189 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T02:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z", "ms": -666683849717.9928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T02:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T18:31:22Z", "ms": -666595718114.5189 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T12:10:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T04:10:02Z", "ms": -666647398268.4971 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-16T12:58:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T04:58:02Z", "ms": -666644518268.4971 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-17T12:10:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-17T04:10:13Z", "ms": -666560986810.8154 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T12:58:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-17T04:58:13Z", "ms": -666558106810.8154 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:03 on Tue 16 Nov to 02:31 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z → 1948-11-16T18:31:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 16th, 12:10–12:58 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1948 falls on Tuesday 16 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:03 on Tue 16 Nov to 02:31 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3849, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T02:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z", "ms": -666683849717.9928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T02:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T18:31:22Z", "ms": -666595718114.5189 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T02:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z", "ms": -666683849717.9928 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T02:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T18:31:22Z", "ms": -666595718114.5189 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-16T00:10:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T16:10:21Z", "ms": -666690578906.5647 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-16T00:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-15T16:58:21Z", "ms": -666687698906.5647 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-17T00:10:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T16:10:32Z", "ms": -666604168319.9297 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-17T00:58:32+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-16T16:58:32Z", "ms": -666601288319.9297 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:03 on Tue 16 Nov to 02:31 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-15T18:02:30Z → 1948-11-16T18:31:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:10–00:58 on the 15th, 00:11–00:59 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3849 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Rāsayātrā 1948 falls on Tuesday 16 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:03 on Tue 16 Nov to 02:31 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-11-20", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-20T00:59:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-19T16:59:34Z", "ms": -666342026440.4465 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-20T23:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-20T15:42:05Z", "ms": -666260275408.287 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-20T00:59:34+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-19T16:59:34Z", "ms": -666342026440.4465 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-20T23:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-20T15:42:05Z", "ms": -666260275408.287 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-19T19:30:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-19T11:30:23Z", "ms": -666361776946.3916 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-19T19:30:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-19T11:30:23Z", "ms": -666361776946.3916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-20T20:31:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-20T12:31:19Z", "ms": -666271720512.5232 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-20T20:31:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-20T12:31:19Z", "ms": -666271720512.5232 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:00 on Sat 20 Nov to 23:42 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-19T16:59:34Z → 1948-11-20T15:42:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:30 on the 19th and 20:31 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Saturday 20 November. Caturthī runs from 01:00 on Sat 20 Nov to 23:42 on Sat 20 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-11-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-11-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-26T11:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-26T03:59:19Z", "ms": -665784041285.6173 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-27T09:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-27T01:49:16Z", "ms": -665705443704.8992 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-26T11:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-26T03:59:19Z", "ms": -665784041285.6173 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-27T09:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-27T01:49:16Z", "ms": -665705443704.8992 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-26T07:36:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-25T23:36:02Z", "ms": -665799837679.373 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-26T07:36:02+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-25T23:36:02Z", "ms": -665799837679.373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-27T07:37:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-26T23:37:00Z", "ms": -665713380231.6483 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-27T07:37:00+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-26T23:37:00Z", "ms": -665713380231.6483 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:59 on Fri 26 Nov to 09:49 on Sat 27 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-26T03:59:19Z → 1948-11-27T01:49:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:36 on the 26th and 07:37 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Saturday 27 November. Ekādaśī runs from 11:59 on Fri 26 Nov to 09:49 on Sat 27 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-11-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35556, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-28T07:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-27T23:43:54Z", "ms": -665626565733.4543 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-29T05:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T21:47:41Z", "ms": -665547138680.393 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-28T07:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-27T23:43:54Z", "ms": -665626565733.4543 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-29T05:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T21:47:41Z", "ms": -665547138680.393 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-28T17:36:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T09:36:30Z", "ms": -665591009523.9109 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-28T19:28:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T11:28:50Z", "ms": -665584270496.6943 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-29T17:36:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T09:36:16Z", "ms": -665504623812.5458 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-29T19:28:45+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T11:28:45Z", "ms": -665497875431.9706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:44 on Sun 28 Nov to 05:48 on Mon 29 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-27T23:43:54Z → 1948-11-28T21:47:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:37–19:29 on the 28th, 17:36–19:29 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 112 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35556 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Sunday 28 November. Trayodaśī runs from 07:44 on Sun 28 Nov to 05:48 on Mon 29 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-11-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11032, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-11-29T05:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T21:47:41Z", "ms": -665547138680.393 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-30T04:05:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T20:05:54Z", "ms": -665466845840.8472 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-11-29T05:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T21:47:41Z", "ms": -665547138680.393 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-30T04:05:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T20:05:54Z", "ms": -665466845840.8472 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-29T00:13:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T16:13:42Z", "ms": -665567178171.8489 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-29T01:01:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-28T17:01:42Z", "ms": -665564298171.8489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-11-30T00:14:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T16:14:03Z", "ms": -665480757385.3887 }, "end": { "local": "1948-11-30T01:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-11-29T17:02:03Z", "ms": -665477877385.3887 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:48 on Mon 29 Nov to 04:06 on Tue 30 Nov.", "fact": "1948-11-28T21:47:41Z → 1948-11-29T20:05:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 28th, 00:14–01:02 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Monday 29 November. Caturdaśī runs from 05:48 on Mon 29 Nov to 04:06 on Tue 30 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-12-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34873, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-04T01:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-03T17:41:09Z", "ms": -665129931078.4296 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-05T02:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T18:34:42Z", "ms": -665040317865.0356 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-04T01:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-03T17:41:09Z", "ms": -665129931078.4296 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-05T02:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T18:34:42Z", "ms": -665040317865.0356 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-04T12:15:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T04:15:30Z", "ms": -665091869912.8757 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-04T13:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T05:03:30Z", "ms": -665088989912.8757 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-05T12:15:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T04:15:55Z", "ms": -665005445012.8201 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-05T13:03:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T05:03:55Z", "ms": -665002565012.8201 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:41 on Sat 4 Dec to 02:35 on Sun 5 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-03T17:41:09Z → 1948-12-04T18:34:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 4th, 12:16–13:04 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34873 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Saturday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Vināyaka Caturthī 1948 falls on Saturday 4 December. Caturthī runs from 01:41 on Sat 4 Dec to 02:35 on Sun 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1948-12-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-05T02:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T18:34:42Z", "ms": -665040317865.0356 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-05T02:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-04T18:34:42Z", "ms": -665040317865.0356 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-05T12:15:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T04:15:55Z", "ms": -665005445012.8201 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-05T13:03:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T05:03:55Z", "ms": -665002565012.8201 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T12:16:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T04:16:20Z", "ms": -664919019569.965 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-06T13:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T05:04:20Z", "ms": -664916139569.965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 5 Dec to 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-04T18:34:42Z → 1948-12-05T20:06:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 5th, 12:16–13:04 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1948 falls on Sunday 5 December. Pañcamī runs from 02:35 on Sun 5 Dec to 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T12:16:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T04:16:20Z", "ms": -664919019569.965 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-06T13:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T05:04:20Z", "ms": -664916139569.965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-07T12:16:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T04:16:46Z", "ms": -664832593612.1335 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T13:04:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T05:04:46Z", "ms": -664829713612.1335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec to 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z → 1948-12-06T22:11:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 6th, 12:17–13:05 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1948 falls on Monday 6 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec to 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T04:06:30+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z", "ms": -664948410470.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-06T12:16:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T04:16:20Z", "ms": -664919019569.965 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-06T13:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T05:04:20Z", "ms": -664916139569.965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-07T12:16:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T04:16:46Z", "ms": -664832593612.1335 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T13:04:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T05:04:46Z", "ms": -664829713612.1335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec to 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-05T20:06:30Z → 1948-12-06T22:11:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 6th, 12:17–13:05 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1948 falls on Monday 6 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:06 on Mon 6 Dec to 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13093, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-08T08:38:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-08T00:38:59Z", "ms": -664759260554.6887 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-07T06:11:12+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z", "ms": -664854527839.2008 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-08T08:38:59+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-08T00:38:59Z", "ms": -664759260554.6887 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-07T12:16:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T04:16:46Z", "ms": -664832593612.1335 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-07T13:04:46+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-07T05:04:46Z", "ms": -664829713612.1335 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-08T12:17:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-08T04:17:13Z", "ms": -664746167167.4213 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-08T13:05:13+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-08T05:05:13Z", "ms": -664743287167.4213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec to 08:39 on Wed 8 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-06T22:11:12Z → 1948-12-08T00:38:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:17–13:05 on the 7th, 12:17–13:05 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13093 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mitra Saptamī 1948 falls on Tuesday 7 December. Saptamī runs from 06:11 on Tue 7 Dec to 08:39 on Wed 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-11T15:57:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-11T07:57:53Z", "ms": -664473727477.3827 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-12T17:35:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T09:35:18Z", "ms": -664381482311.2692 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-11T15:57:53+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-11T07:57:53Z", "ms": -664473727477.3827 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-12T17:35:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T09:35:18Z", "ms": -664381482311.2692 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-11T07:49:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-10T23:49:10Z", "ms": -664503050015.6676 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-11T07:49:10+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-10T23:49:10Z", "ms": -664503050015.6676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-12T07:49:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-11T23:49:55Z", "ms": -664416605220.3959 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-12T07:49:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-11T23:49:55Z", "ms": -664416605220.3959 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:58 on Sat 11 Dec to 17:35 on Sun 12 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-11T07:57:53Z → 1948-12-12T09:35:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:49 on the 11th and 07:50 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 15:58 on Sat 11 Dec to 17:35 on Sun 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-12T17:35:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T09:35:18Z", "ms": -664381482311.2692 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-13T18:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T10:32:09Z", "ms": -664291670570.1014 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-12T17:35:18+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T09:35:18Z", "ms": -664381482311.2692 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-13T18:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T10:32:09Z", "ms": -664291670570.1014 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-12T12:19:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T04:19:03Z", "ms": -664400457091.2615 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-12T13:07:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-12T05:07:03Z", "ms": -664397577091.2615 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1948-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-13T12:19:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T04:19:31Z", "ms": -664314028642.5491 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-13T13:07:31+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T05:07:31Z", "ms": -664311148642.5491 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:35 on Sun 12 Dec to 18:32 on Mon 13 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-12T09:35:18Z → 1948-12-13T10:32:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:19–13:07 on the 12th, 12:20–13:08 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1948 falls on Monday 13 December. Dvādaśī runs from 17:35 on Sun 12 Dec to 18:32 on Mon 13 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-12-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2707, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-13T18:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T10:32:09Z", "ms": -664291670570.1014 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-14T18:45:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-14T10:45:35Z", "ms": -664204464530.2925 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-13T18:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T10:32:09Z", "ms": -664291670570.1014 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-14T18:45:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-14T10:45:35Z", "ms": -664204464530.2925 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-13T17:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T09:36:24Z", "ms": -664295015620.0656 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-13T19:30:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-13T11:30:24Z", "ms": -664288176123.0654 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-14T17:36:40+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-14T09:36:40Z", "ms": -664208600367.4852 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-14T19:30:43+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-14T11:30:43Z", "ms": -664201757444.3956 } }, "covered_min": 69, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:32 on Mon 13 Dec to 18:46 on Tue 14 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-13T10:32:09Z → 1948-12-14T10:45:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:36–19:30 on the 13th, 17:37–19:31 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 58 of 114 minutes on the 13th and 69 of 114 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2707 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Tuesday 14 December. Trayodaśī runs from 18:32 on Mon 13 Dec to 18:46 on Tue 14 Dec and covers 69 of 114 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 58 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1948-12-15T18:16:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-15T10:16:58Z", "ms": -664119781785.3566 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-16T17:10:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-16T09:10:55Z", "ms": -664037345309.3441 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-15T18:16:58+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-15T10:16:58Z", "ms": -664119781785.3566 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-16T17:10:55+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-16T09:10:55Z", "ms": -664037345309.3441 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-15T17:36:57+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-15T09:36:57Z", "ms": -664122183220.815 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-15T19:31:03+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-15T11:31:03Z", "ms": -664115337306.0385 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-16T17:37:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-16T09:37:16Z", "ms": -664035764197.7638 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-16T19:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-16T11:31:24Z", "ms": -664028915728.4491 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:17 on Wed 15 Dec to 17:11 on Thu 16 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-15T10:16:58Z → 1948-12-16T09:10:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:37–19:31 on the 15th, 17:37–19:31 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 114 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 114 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Qingyang, 1948: Wednesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1948 falls on Wednesday 15 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:17 on Wed 15 Dec to 17:11 on Thu 16 Dec and covers 74 of 114 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-12-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33552, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-19T11:20:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-19T03:20:07Z", "ms": -663799192847.5703 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-20T08:58:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-20T00:58:35Z", "ms": -663721285298.2633 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-19T11:20:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-19T03:20:07Z", "ms": -663799192847.5703 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-20T08:58:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-20T00:58:35Z", "ms": -663721285298.2633 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-19T20:39:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-19T12:39:19Z", "ms": -663765641046.9067 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-19T20:39:19+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-19T12:39:19Z", "ms": -663765641046.9067 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-20T21:52:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-20T13:52:21Z", "ms": -663674858672.3372 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-20T21:52:21+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-20T13:52:21Z", "ms": -663674858672.3372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:20 on Sun 19 Dec to 08:59 on Mon 20 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-19T03:20:07Z → 1948-12-20T00:58:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 19th and 21:52 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33552 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1948 falls on Sunday 19 December. Caturthī runs from 11:20 on Sun 19 Dec to 08:59 on Mon 20 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1948-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-12-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39316, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-25T21:02:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-25T13:02:38Z", "ms": -663245842188.6467 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-26T19:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-26T11:47:23Z", "ms": -663163956557.6083 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-25T21:02:38+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-25T13:02:38Z", "ms": -663245842188.6467 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-26T19:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-26T11:47:23Z", "ms": -663163956557.6083 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-26T07:57:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-25T23:57:54Z", "ms": -663206526085.3792 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-26T07:57:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-25T23:57:54Z", "ms": -663206526085.3792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-27T07:58:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-26T23:58:16Z", "ms": -663120103877.5912 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-27T07:58:16+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-26T23:58:16Z", "ms": -663120103877.5912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:03 on Sat 25 Dec to 19:47 on Sun 26 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-25T13:02:38Z → 1948-12-26T11:47:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:58 on the 26th and 07:58 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39316 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Qingyang, 1948: Sunday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1948 falls on Sunday 26 December. Ekādaśī runs from 21:03 on Sat 25 Dec to 19:47 on Sun 26 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/ekadashi?on=1948-12-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-27T18:47:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-27T10:47:35Z", "ms": -663081145401.1101 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-28T18:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T10:05:07Z", "ms": -662997292988.7338 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-27T18:47:35+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-27T10:47:35Z", "ms": -663081145401.1101 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-28T18:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T10:05:07Z", "ms": -662997292988.7338 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-27T17:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-27T09:42:42Z", "ms": -663085037711.5731 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-27T19:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-27T11:36:50Z", "ms": -663078190476.5267 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-28T17:43:22+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T09:43:22Z", "ms": -662998598187.2621 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-28T19:37:26+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T11:37:26Z", "ms": -662991753739.3632 } }, "covered_min": 22, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:48 on Mon 27 Dec to 18:05 on Tue 28 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-27T10:47:35Z → 1948-12-28T10:05:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:37 on the 27th, 17:43–19:37 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 49 of 114 minutes on the 27th and 22 of 114 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Qingyang, 1948: Monday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1948 falls on Monday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 18:48 on Mon 27 Dec to 18:05 on Tue 28 Dec and covers 49 of 114 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 22 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/pradosha-vrata?on=1948-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-12-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "12359313", "year": 1948, "local_date": "1948-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1948-12-28T18:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T10:05:07Z", "ms": -662997292988.7338 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-29T17:42:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-29T09:42:54Z", "ms": -662912225547.689 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1948-12-28T18:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T10:05:07Z", "ms": -662997292988.7338 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-29T17:42:54+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-29T09:42:54Z", "ms": -662912225547.689 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1948-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-29T00:27:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T16:27:08Z", "ms": -662974371507.6409 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-29T01:15:08+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-28T17:15:08Z", "ms": -662971491507.6409 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1948-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1948-12-30T00:27:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-29T16:27:37Z", "ms": -662887942621.4961 }, "end": { "local": "1948-12-30T01:15:37+08:00", "utc": "1948-12-29T17:15:37Z", "ms": -662885062621.4961 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:05 on Tue 28 Dec to 17:43 on Wed 29 Dec.", "fact": "1948-12-28T10:05:07Z → 1948-12-29T09:42:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:27–01:15 on the 28th, 00:28–01:16 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Qingyang, 1948: Tuesday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1948-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Qingyang, Śivarātri 1948 falls on Tuesday 28 December. Caturdaśī runs from 18:05 on Tue 28 Dec to 17:43 on Wed 29 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/qingyang/festivals/1948/shivaratri?on=1948-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }