{ "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028", "place": { "id": "1253914", "slug": "ujjain", "name": "Ujjain", "region": "Madhya Pradesh, India", "country": "IN", "lat": 23.18239, "lon": 75.77643, "elevation_m": 494, "tz": "Asia/Kolkata" }, "year": 2028, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-01-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-07T20:30:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-07T15:00:40Z", "ms": 1830870039569.5469 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-08T19:36:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-08T14:06:30Z", "ms": 1830953189788.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-07T20:30:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-07T15:00:40Z", "ms": 1830870039569.5469 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-08T19:36:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-08T14:06:30Z", "ms": 1830953189788.9001 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-08T07:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-08T01:39:59Z", "ms": 1830908398875.0256 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-08T07:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-08T01:39:59Z", "ms": 1830908398875.0256 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-09T07:10:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T01:40:08Z", "ms": 1830994808197.2952 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-09T07:10:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T01:40:08Z", "ms": 1830994808197.2952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Fri 7 Jan to 19:36 on Sat 8 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-07T15:00:40Z → 2028-01-08T14:06:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:10 on the 8th and 07:10 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Putradā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 8 January. Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Fri 7 Jan to 19:36 on Sat 8 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-01-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 59, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-09T17:56:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T12:26:27Z", "ms": 1831033587100.9844 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-10T15:36:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-10T10:06:54Z", "ms": 1831111614390.9019 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-09T17:56:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T12:26:27Z", "ms": 1831033587100.9844 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-10T15:36:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-10T10:06:54Z", "ms": 1831111614390.9019 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-09T17:57:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T12:27:26Z", "ms": 1831033645784.1743 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-09T19:43:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-09T14:13:08Z", "ms": 1831039988499.392 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-10T17:58:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-10T12:28:08Z", "ms": 1831120087632.2434 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-10T19:43:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-10T14:13:46Z", "ms": 1831126425644.0146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:56 on Sun 9 Jan to 15:37 on Mon 10 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-09T12:26:27Z → 2028-01-10T10:06:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:57–19:43 on the 9th, 17:58–19:44 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 106 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 59 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 9 January. Trayodaśī runs from 17:56 on Sun 9 Jan to 15:37 on Mon 10 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It is 0 min 59 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33785, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-13T16:23:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T10:53:14Z", "ms": 1834051993752.8867 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-13T18:00:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-13T12:30:15Z", "ms": 1831379414516.922 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T18:01:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T12:31:40Z", "ms": 1831552299921.3162 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:01, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:02.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 33785 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Saturday 15 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2028-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Bhogi 2028 falls on Friday 14 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Saturday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-01-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 5360, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T23:17:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T17:47:37Z", "ms": 1831484857487.6482 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T20:10:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T14:40:57Z", "ms": 1831560057437.5505 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T23:17:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T17:47:37Z", "ms": 1831484857487.6482 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T20:10:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T14:40:57Z", "ms": 1831560057437.5505 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T20:36:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T15:06:34Z", "ms": 1831475194087.9255 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-14T20:36:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T15:06:34Z", "ms": 1831475194087.9255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T21:40:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T16:10:17Z", "ms": 1831565416956.1348 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T21:40:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T16:10:17Z", "ms": 1831565416956.1348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:18 on Fri 14 Jan to 20:11 on Sat 15 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-14T17:47:37Z → 2028-01-15T14:40:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:37 on the 14th and 21:40 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 5360 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Friday 14 January. Caturthī runs from 23:18 on Fri 14 Jan to 20:11 on Sat 15 Jan, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-01-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33785, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-13T16:23:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T10:53:14Z", "ms": 1834051993752.8867 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-13T18:00:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-13T12:30:15Z", "ms": 1831379414516.922 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T18:01:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T12:31:40Z", "ms": 1831552299921.3162 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:01, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:02.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 33785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Pongal (Tai Pongal) 2028 falls on Saturday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12242, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-13T16:23:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T10:53:14Z", "ms": 1834051993752.8867 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T00:00:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-13T18:30:00Z", "ms": 1831401000000 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T00:00:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T18:30:00Z", "ms": 1831487400000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T00:00:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T18:30:00Z", "ms": 1831487400000 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-16T00:00:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T18:30:00Z", "ms": 1831573800000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Ujjain.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Kolkata" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 15th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 12242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2028-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Makara Saṅkrānti 2028 falls on Saturday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33785, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-13T16:23:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T10:53:14Z", "ms": 1834051993752.8867 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T03:24:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z", "ms": 1831499642305.9424 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-13T18:00:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-13T12:30:15Z", "ms": 1831379414516.922 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-14T18:00:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-14T12:30:57Z", "ms": 1831465857157.1016 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-15T18:01:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-15T12:31:40Z", "ms": 1831552299921.3162 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-14T21:54:02Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:01, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:02.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 33785 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Saturday 15 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2028-01-16", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2028-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mattu Pongal 2028 falls on Sunday 16 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Saturday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:24 on Sat 15 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 15 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-01-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-21T12:17:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-21T06:47:07Z", "ms": 1832050027021.971 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-22T13:04:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-22T07:34:45Z", "ms": 1832139285002.1636 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-21T12:17:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-21T06:47:07Z", "ms": 1832050027021.971 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-22T13:04:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-22T07:34:45Z", "ms": 1832139285002.1636 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-21T07:10:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-21T01:40:12Z", "ms": 1832031611982.3826 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-21T07:10:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-21T01:40:12Z", "ms": 1832031611982.3826 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-22T07:10:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-22T01:40:03Z", "ms": 1832118003256.903 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-22T07:10:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-22T01:40:03Z", "ms": 1832118003256.903 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:17 on Fri 21 Jan to 13:05 on Sat 22 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-21T06:47:07Z → 2028-01-22T07:34:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:10 on the 21st and 07:10 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 22 January. Ekādaśī runs from 12:17 on Fri 21 Jan to 13:05 on Sat 22 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-01-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7117, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-23T14:23:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-23T08:53:40Z", "ms": 1832230419733.4373 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-23T14:23:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-23T08:53:40Z", "ms": 1832230419733.4373 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-23T18:07:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-23T12:37:23Z", "ms": 1832243842852.5283 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-23T19:51:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-23T14:21:41Z", "ms": 1832250101359.4333 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T18:08:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T12:38:05Z", "ms": 1832330285350.3677 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-24T19:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T14:22:16Z", "ms": 1832336536475.045 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:24 on Sun 23 Jan to 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-23T08:53:40Z → 2028-01-24T10:39:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:52 on the 23rd, 18:08–19:52 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 104 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7117 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 23 January. Trayodaśī runs from 14:24 on Sun 23 Jan to 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-01-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21456, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T18:17:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T12:47:25Z", "ms": 1832417244705.167 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T18:17:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T12:47:25Z", "ms": 1832417244705.167 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-25T00:14:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T18:44:47Z", "ms": 1832352287067.9075 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T01:02:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T19:32:47Z", "ms": 1832355167067.9075 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-26T00:15:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T18:45:01Z", "ms": 1832438701104.745 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-26T01:03:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T19:33:01Z", "ms": 1832441581104.745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan to 18:17 on Tue 25 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z → 2028-01-25T12:47:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:15–01:03 on the 24th, 00:15–01:03 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21456 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Monday 24 January. Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan to 18:17 on Tue 25 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T18:17:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T12:47:25Z", "ms": 1832417244705.167 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T16:09:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z", "ms": 1832323167890.6829 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T18:17:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T12:47:25Z", "ms": 1832417244705.167 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-24T05:25:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-23T23:55:23Z", "ms": 1832284523147.4111 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-24T07:09:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T01:39:42Z", "ms": 1832290781654.3162 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-25T05:25:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-24T23:55:18Z", "ms": 1832370917660.77 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-25T07:09:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-25T01:39:29Z", "ms": 1832377168785.4473 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan to 18:17 on Tue 25 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-24T10:39:28Z → 2028-01-25T12:47:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:25–07:10 on the 24th, 05:25–07:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 24th and 104 of 104 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Yama Tarpaṇa 2028 falls on Tuesday 25 January. Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Mon 24 Jan to 18:17 on Tue 25 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T04:43:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z", "ms": 1832800401178.6116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T04:43:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z", "ms": 1832800401178.6116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T12:16:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-30T06:46:10Z", "ms": 1832827569775.294 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-30T13:04:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-30T07:34:10Z", "ms": 1832830449775.294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T12:16:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T06:46:20Z", "ms": 1832913979619.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T13:04:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T07:34:20Z", "ms": 1832916859619.7012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Sun 30 Jan to 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z → 2028-01-31T01:45:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 30th, 12:16–13:04 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2028 falls on Sunday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Sun 30 Jan to 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31695, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T04:43:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z", "ms": 1832800401178.6116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T04:43:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z", "ms": 1832800401178.6116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-29T18:11:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T12:41:35Z", "ms": 1832762494533.162 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-29T19:55:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-29T14:25:06Z", "ms": 1832768706464.9365 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-30T18:12:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-30T12:42:16Z", "ms": 1832848935529.118 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-30T19:55:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-30T14:25:39Z", "ms": 1832855139198.2402 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Sun 30 Jan to 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan.", "fact": "2028-01-29T23:13:21Z → 2028-01-31T01:45:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:55 on the 29th, 18:12–19:56 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 29th and 103 of 103 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31695 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Tila Caturthī 2028 falls on Sunday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Sun 30 Jan to 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T09:28:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T03:58:10Z", "ms": 1832990290094.7952 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T09:28:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T03:58:10Z", "ms": 1832990290094.7952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T12:16:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T06:46:20Z", "ms": 1832913979619.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T13:04:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T07:34:20Z", "ms": 1832916859619.7012 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-01T12:16:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T06:46:29Z", "ms": 1833000388630.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T13:04:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T07:34:29Z", "ms": 1833003268630.7822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan to 09:28 on Tue 1 Feb.", "fact": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z → 2028-02-01T03:58:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 31st, 12:16–13:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śrī Pañcamī 2028 falls on Monday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan to 09:28 on Tue 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T09:28:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T03:58:10Z", "ms": 1832990290094.7952 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T07:15:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z", "ms": 1832895905597.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T09:28:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T03:58:10Z", "ms": 1832990290094.7952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-01-31T12:16:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T06:46:20Z", "ms": 1832913979619.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2028-01-31T13:04:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-01-31T07:34:20Z", "ms": 1832916859619.7012 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-01T12:16:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T06:46:29Z", "ms": 1833000388630.7822 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-01T13:04:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T07:34:29Z", "ms": 1833003268630.7822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan to 09:28 on Tue 1 Feb.", "fact": "2028-01-31T01:45:06Z → 2028-02-01T03:58:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 31st, 12:16–13:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vasanta Pañcamī (Basant Panchami) 2028 falls on Monday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:15 on Mon 31 Jan to 09:28 on Tue 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14780, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-02T11:13:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-02T05:43:17Z", "ms": 1833082996805.5715 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-03T12:21:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-03T06:51:58Z", "ms": 1833173518230.4453 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-02T11:13:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-02T05:43:17Z", "ms": 1833082996805.5715 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-03T12:21:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-03T06:51:58Z", "ms": 1833173518230.4453 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-02T05:23:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-01T23:53:50Z", "ms": 1833062030416.0247 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-02T07:06:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-02T01:36:57Z", "ms": 1833068217172.063 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-03T05:23:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-02T23:53:34Z", "ms": 1833148414184.9272 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-03T07:06:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-03T01:36:32Z", "ms": 1833154592299.408 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:13 on Wed 2 Feb to 12:22 on Thu 3 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-02T05:43:17Z → 2028-02-03T06:51:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:24–07:07 on the 2nd, 05:24–07:07 on the 3rd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 2nd and 103 of 103 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14780 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ratha Saptamī 2028 falls on Thursday 3 February. Saptamī runs from 11:13 on Wed 2 Feb to 12:22 on Thu 3 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-02-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8437, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-06T11:18:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-06T05:48:27Z", "ms": 1833428906781.8267 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-07T09:25:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T03:55:18Z", "ms": 1833508517699.6243 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-06T11:18:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-06T05:48:27Z", "ms": 1833428906781.8267 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-07T09:25:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T03:55:18Z", "ms": 1833508517699.6243 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-06T07:05:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-06T01:35:10Z", "ms": 1833413710140.9973 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-06T07:05:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-06T01:35:10Z", "ms": 1833413710140.9973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-07T07:04:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T01:34:40Z", "ms": 1833500080304.3206 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-07T07:04:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T01:34:40Z", "ms": 1833500080304.3206 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:18 on Sun 6 Feb to 09:25 on Mon 7 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-06T05:48:27Z → 2028-02-07T03:55:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:05 on the 6th and 07:05 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8437 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Jayā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Monday 7 February. Ekādaśī runs from 11:18 on Sun 6 Feb to 09:25 on Mon 7 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-07T09:25:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T03:55:18Z", "ms": 1833508517699.6243 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-08T06:52:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T01:22:23Z", "ms": 1833585743281.8752 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-07T09:25:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T03:55:18Z", "ms": 1833508517699.6243 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-08T06:52:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T01:22:23Z", "ms": 1833585743281.8752 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-07T12:17:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T06:47:05Z", "ms": 1833518825182.9214 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-07T13:05:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T07:35:05Z", "ms": 1833521705182.9214 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-08T12:17:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T06:47:08Z", "ms": 1833605228386.4795 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-08T13:05:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T07:35:08Z", "ms": 1833608108386.4795 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:25 on Mon 7 Feb to 06:52 on Tue 8 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-07T03:55:18Z → 2028-02-08T01:22:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:17–13:05 on the 7th, 12:17–13:05 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Monday 7 February. Dvādaśī runs from 09:25 on Mon 7 Feb to 06:52 on Tue 8 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-02-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28002, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-08T06:52:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T01:22:23Z", "ms": 1833585743281.8752 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-09T03:46:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T22:16:54Z", "ms": 1833661013747.4087 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-08T06:52:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T01:22:23Z", "ms": 1833585743281.8752 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-09T03:46:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T22:16:54Z", "ms": 1833661013747.4087 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-07T18:17:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T12:47:30Z", "ms": 1833540450061.5222 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-07T19:59:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-07T14:29:43Z", "ms": 1833546583290.2886 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-08T18:18:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T12:48:07Z", "ms": 1833626887495.6885 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-08T20:00:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-08T14:30:11Z", "ms": 1833633011440.6335 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Tue 8 Feb to 03:47 on Wed 9 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-08T01:22:23Z → 2028-02-08T22:16:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:18–20:00 on the 7th, 18:18–20:00 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 7th and 102 of 102 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28002 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Tuesday 8 February. Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Tue 8 Feb to 03:47 on Wed 9 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-02-10T00:17:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-09T18:47:29Z", "ms": 1833734848541.1318 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-10T20:33:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-10T15:03:46Z", "ms": 1833807826341.4712 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-10T00:17:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-09T18:47:29Z", "ms": 1833734848541.1318 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-10T20:33:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-10T15:03:46Z", "ms": 1833807826341.4712 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-09T12:17:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-09T06:47:11Z", "ms": 1833691630784.0347 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-09T13:05:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-09T07:35:11Z", "ms": 1833694510784.0347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-10T12:17:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-10T06:47:12Z", "ms": 1833778032386.9487 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-10T13:05:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-10T07:35:12Z", "ms": 1833780912386.9487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Thu 10 Feb to 20:34 on Thu 10 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-09T18:47:29Z → 2028-02-10T15:03:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:17–13:05 on the 9th, 12:17–13:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2028 falls on Thursday 10 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Thu 10 Feb to 20:34 on Thu 10 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-02-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33264, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-13T09:40:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T04:10:02Z", "ms": 1834027802245.4634 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-14T06:42:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-14T01:12:00Z", "ms": 1834103520339.935 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-13T09:40:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T04:10:02Z", "ms": 1834027802245.4634 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-14T06:42:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-14T01:12:00Z", "ms": 1834103520339.935 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-12T20:24:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-12T14:54:10Z", "ms": 1833980049930.1284 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-12T20:24:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-12T14:54:10Z", "ms": 1833980049930.1284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-13T21:27:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T15:57:36Z", "ms": 1834070255895.5125 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-13T21:27:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-13T15:57:36Z", "ms": 1834070255895.5125 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:40 on Sun 13 Feb to 06:42 on Mon 14 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-13T04:10:02Z → 2028-02-14T01:12:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:24 on the 12th and 21:28 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33264 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Sunday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 09:40 on Sun 13 Feb to 06:42 on Mon 14 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-02-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-02-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4154, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-20T03:48:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-19T22:18:47Z", "ms": 1834611526536.359 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-21T05:46:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-21T00:16:35Z", "ms": 1834704994967.2258 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-20T03:48:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-19T22:18:47Z", "ms": 1834611526536.359 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-21T05:46:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-21T00:16:35Z", "ms": 1834704994967.2258 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-20T06:56:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-20T01:26:33Z", "ms": 1834622793084.7617 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-20T06:56:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-20T01:26:33Z", "ms": 1834622793084.7617 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-21T06:55:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-21T01:25:49Z", "ms": 1834709148841.304 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-21T06:55:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-21T01:25:49Z", "ms": 1834709148841.304 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:49 on Sun 20 Feb to 05:47 on Mon 21 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-19T22:18:47Z → 2028-02-21T00:16:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 20th and 06:56 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4154 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Sunday 20 February. Ekādaśī runs from 03:49 on Sun 20 Feb to 05:47 on Mon 21 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-02-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-22T08:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T02:38:31Z", "ms": 1834799911305.3018 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-23T10:44:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T05:14:56Z", "ms": 1834895696043.9604 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-22T08:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T02:38:31Z", "ms": 1834799911305.3018 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-23T10:44:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T05:14:56Z", "ms": 1834895696043.9604 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-22T18:26:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T12:56:05Z", "ms": 1834836965354.6394 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-22T20:05:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T14:35:51Z", "ms": 1834842951019.69 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-23T18:26:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T12:56:36Z", "ms": 1834923396232.8572 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-23T20:06:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T14:36:12Z", "ms": 1834929371553.0354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 22 Feb to 10:45 on Wed 23 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-22T02:38:31Z → 2028-02-23T05:14:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:06 on the 22nd, 18:27–20:06 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 100 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Tuesday 22 February. Trayodaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 22 Feb to 10:45 on Wed 23 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34844, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-23T10:44:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T05:14:56Z", "ms": 1834895696043.9604 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-24T13:27:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-24T07:57:02Z", "ms": 1834991821781.2083 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-23T10:44:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T05:14:56Z", "ms": 1834895696043.9604 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-24T13:27:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-24T07:57:02Z", "ms": 1834991821781.2083 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-23T00:16:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T18:46:12Z", "ms": 1834857971598.5786 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-23T01:04:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-22T19:34:12Z", "ms": 1834860851598.5786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-24T00:16:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T18:46:04Z", "ms": 1834944363683.526 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-24T01:04:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-23T19:34:04Z", "ms": 1834947243683.526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:45 on Wed 23 Feb to 13:27 on Thu 24 Feb.", "fact": "2028-02-23T05:14:56Z → 2028-02-24T07:57:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:16–01:04 on the 22nd, 00:16–01:04 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 34844 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mahāśivarātri (Shivratri) 2028 falls on Wednesday 23 February. Caturdaśī runs from 10:45 on Wed 23 Feb to 13:27 on Thu 24 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-02-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-02-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35940, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-02-28T23:02:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-28T17:32:40Z", "ms": 1835371960209.003 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-01T00:43:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-29T19:13:15Z", "ms": 1835464394692.8801 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-02-28T23:02:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-28T17:32:40Z", "ms": 1835371960209.003 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-01T00:43:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-29T19:13:15Z", "ms": 1835464394692.8801 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-28T12:15:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-28T06:45:41Z", "ms": 1835333140542.2188 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-28T13:03:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-28T07:33:41Z", "ms": 1835336020542.2188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-02-29T12:15:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-29T06:45:30Z", "ms": 1835419529558.3306 }, "end": { "local": "2028-02-29T13:03:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-02-29T07:33:30Z", "ms": 1835422409558.3306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:03 on Mon 28 Feb to 00:43 on Wed 1 Mar.", "fact": "2028-02-28T17:32:40Z → 2028-02-29T19:13:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 28th, 12:15–13:03 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35940 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 29 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Tuesday 29 February. Caturthī runs from 23:03 on Mon 28 Feb to 00:43 on Wed 1 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-02-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-03-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-06T23:01:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-06T17:31:14Z", "ms": 1835976673774.6619 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-07T20:30:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-07T15:00:06Z", "ms": 1836054006221.2256 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-06T23:01:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-06T17:31:14Z", "ms": 1835976673774.6619 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-07T20:30:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-07T15:00:06Z", "ms": 1836054006221.2256 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-07T06:43:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-07T01:13:17Z", "ms": 1836004397103.5723 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-07T06:43:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-07T01:13:17Z", "ms": 1836004397103.5723 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-08T06:42:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T01:12:22Z", "ms": 1836090742232.8677 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-08T06:42:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T01:12:22Z", "ms": 1836090742232.8677 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:01 on Mon 6 Mar to 20:30 on Tue 7 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-06T17:31:14Z → 2028-03-07T15:00:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:43 on the 7th and 06:42 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 7 March. Ekādaśī runs from 23:01 on Mon 6 Mar to 20:30 on Tue 7 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-03-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3912, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-08T17:27:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T11:57:54Z", "ms": 1836129474029.0823 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-09T14:02:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-09T08:32:02Z", "ms": 1836203522051.9602 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-08T17:27:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T11:57:54Z", "ms": 1836129474029.0823 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-09T14:02:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-09T08:32:02Z", "ms": 1836203522051.9602 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-08T18:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T13:03:06Z", "ms": 1836133386065.7107 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-08T20:10:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-08T14:40:13Z", "ms": 1836139212846.0469 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-09T18:33:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-09T13:03:31Z", "ms": 1836219811204.9773 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-09T20:10:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-09T14:40:27Z", "ms": 1836225627202.8613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:28 on Wed 8 Mar to 14:02 on Thu 9 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-08T11:57:54Z → 2028-03-09T08:32:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:33–20:10 on the 8th, 18:34–20:10 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 97 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3912 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 8 March. Trayodaśī runs from 17:28 on Wed 8 Mar to 14:02 on Thu 9 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T10:21:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z", "ms": 1836276685407.245 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T10:21:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z", "ms": 1836276685407.245 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T16:11:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T10:41:15Z", "ms": 1836297675080.8218 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-10T18:33:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T13:03:56Z", "ms": 1836306236053.75 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-11T16:11:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T10:41:24Z", "ms": 1836384083520.3179 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T18:34:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T13:04:21Z", "ms": 1836392660631.5234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:21 on Fri 10 Mar to 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z → 2028-03-11T01:06:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:11–18:34 on the 10th, 16:11–18:34 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 143 of 143 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 143 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Holikā Dahana 2028 falls on Friday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:21 on Fri 10 Mar to 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T10:21:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z", "ms": 1836276685407.245 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T10:21:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z", "ms": 1836276685407.245 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-10T16:11:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T10:41:15Z", "ms": 1836297675080.8218 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-10T18:33:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-10T13:03:56Z", "ms": 1836306236053.75 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-11T16:11:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T10:41:24Z", "ms": 1836384083520.3179 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T18:34:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T13:04:21Z", "ms": 1836392660631.5234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2028-03-10", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:21 on Fri 10 Mar to 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-10T04:51:25Z → 2028-03-11T01:06:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:11–18:34 on the 10th, 16:11–18:34 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 143 of 143 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 143 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20990 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Friday 10 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Holī 2028 falls on Saturday 11 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Friday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:21 on Fri 10 Mar to 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 10th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 210, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-12T02:56:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T21:26:45Z", "ms": 1836422804856.6404 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:36:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z", "ms": 1836349565224.6765 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-12T02:56:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T21:26:45Z", "ms": 1836422804856.6404 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:39:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:09:35Z", "ms": 1836349775075.495 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-11T06:39:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-11T01:09:35Z", "ms": 1836349775075.495 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-12T06:38:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-12T01:08:39Z", "ms": 1836436118607.71 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-12T06:38:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-12T01:08:39Z", "ms": 1836436118607.71 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar to 02:57 on Sun 12 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-11T01:06:05Z → 2028-03-11T21:26:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:40 on the 11th and 06:39 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 210 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vasantotsava 2028 falls on Saturday 11 March. Pratipadā runs from 06:36 on Sat 11 Mar to 02:57 on Sun 12 Mar and is current at sunrise that day. It is 3 min 30 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-03-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-13T20:39:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-13T15:09:53Z", "ms": 1836572992937.785 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-14T18:23:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-14T12:53:05Z", "ms": 1836651185351.1033 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-13T20:39:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-13T15:09:53Z", "ms": 1836572992937.785 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-14T18:23:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-14T12:53:05Z", "ms": 1836651185351.1033 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-13T21:14:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-13T15:44:20Z", "ms": 1836575059642.8135 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-13T21:14:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-13T15:44:20Z", "ms": 1836575059642.8135 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-14T22:18:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-14T16:48:32Z", "ms": 1836665312034.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-14T22:18:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-14T16:48:32Z", "ms": 1836665312034.3706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:40 on Mon 13 Mar to 18:23 on Tue 14 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-13T15:09:53Z → 2028-03-14T12:53:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:14 on the 13th and 22:19 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Monday 13 March. Caturthī runs from 20:40 on Mon 13 Mar to 18:23 on Tue 14 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-17T16:26:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-17T10:56:43Z", "ms": 1836903402707.9714 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-18T17:30:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-18T12:00:53Z", "ms": 1836993653087.7988 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-17T16:26:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-17T10:56:43Z", "ms": 1836903402707.9714 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-18T17:30:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-18T12:00:53Z", "ms": 1836993653087.7988 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-17T12:11:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-17T06:41:18Z", "ms": 1836888077740.6865 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-17T12:59:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-17T07:29:18Z", "ms": 1836890957740.6865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-18T12:11:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-18T06:41:00Z", "ms": 1836974460352.0557 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-18T12:59:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-18T07:29:00Z", "ms": 1836977340352.0557 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:27 on Fri 17 Mar to 17:31 on Sat 18 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-17T10:56:43Z → 2028-03-18T12:00:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 17th, 12:11–12:59 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śītalāṣṭamī 2028 falls on Saturday 18 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:27 on Fri 17 Mar to 17:31 on Sat 18 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-03-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-20T21:36:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-20T16:06:47Z", "ms": 1837181206925.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-22T00:14:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-21T18:44:07Z", "ms": 1837277047045.9814 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-20T21:36:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-20T16:06:47Z", "ms": 1837181206925.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-22T00:14:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-21T18:44:07Z", "ms": 1837277047045.9814 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-21T06:29:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-21T00:59:59Z", "ms": 1837213199310.349 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-21T06:29:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-21T00:59:59Z", "ms": 1837213199310.349 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-22T06:29:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T00:59:01Z", "ms": 1837299540885.179 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-22T06:29:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T00:59:01Z", "ms": 1837299540885.179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:37 on Mon 20 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 22 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-20T16:06:47Z → 2028-03-21T18:44:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:30 on the 21st and 06:29 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 21 March. Ekādaśī runs from 21:37 on Mon 20 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 22 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-03-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-23T02:56:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T21:26:54Z", "ms": 1837373214083.4941 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-24T05:33:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T00:03:59Z", "ms": 1837469039444.9893 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-23T02:56:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T21:26:54Z", "ms": 1837373214083.4941 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-24T05:33:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T00:03:59Z", "ms": 1837469039444.9893 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-22T18:38:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T13:08:38Z", "ms": 1837343318203.8513 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-22T20:13:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-22T14:43:13Z", "ms": 1837348993431.3657 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-23T18:39:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-23T13:09:01Z", "ms": 1837429740838.3108 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-23T20:13:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-23T14:43:25Z", "ms": 1837435405247.8916 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:57 on Thu 23 Mar to 05:34 on Fri 24 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-22T21:26:54Z → 2028-03-24T00:03:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:39–20:13 on the 22nd, 18:39–20:13 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 22nd and 94 of 94 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Thursday 23 March. Trayodaśī runs from 02:57 on Thu 23 Mar to 05:34 on Fri 24 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-03-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16617, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-24T05:33:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T00:03:59Z", "ms": 1837469039444.9893 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-25T07:57:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-25T02:27:11Z", "ms": 1837564031148.0688 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-24T05:33:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T00:03:59Z", "ms": 1837469039444.9893 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-25T07:57:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-25T02:27:11Z", "ms": 1837564031148.0688 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-24T00:09:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-23T18:39:02Z", "ms": 1837449542374.239 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-24T00:57:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-23T19:27:02Z", "ms": 1837452422374.239 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-25T00:08:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T18:38:44Z", "ms": 1837535924402.894 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-25T00:56:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-24T19:26:44Z", "ms": 1837538804402.894 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:34 on Fri 24 Mar to 07:57 on Sat 25 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-24T00:03:59Z → 2028-03-25T02:27:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 23rd, 00:09–00:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16617 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Friday 24 March. Caturdaśī runs from 05:34 on Fri 24 Mar to 07:57 on Sat 25 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-26T10:01:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-26T04:31:20Z", "ms": 1837657879612.359 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-27T11:43:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-27T06:13:42Z", "ms": 1837750421941.571 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-26T10:01:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-26T04:31:20Z", "ms": 1837657879612.359 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-27T11:43:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-27T06:13:42Z", "ms": 1837750421941.571 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-26T12:08:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-26T06:38:38Z", "ms": 1837665517629.3586 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-26T12:56:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-26T07:26:38Z", "ms": 1837668397629.3586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-27T12:08:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-27T06:38:20Z", "ms": 1837751899610.8022 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-27T12:56:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-27T07:26:20Z", "ms": 1837754779610.8022 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:01 on Sun 26 Mar to 11:44 on Mon 27 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-26T04:31:20Z → 2028-03-27T06:13:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 26th, 12:08–12:56 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2028 falls on Sunday 26 March. Pratipadā runs from 10:01 on Sun 26 Mar to 11:44 on Mon 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 424, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T13:03:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z", "ms": 1837841585876.0833 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T13:03:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z", "ms": 1837841585876.0833 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T12:08:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T06:38:02Z", "ms": 1837838281610.2678 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-28T12:56:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:26:02Z", "ms": 1837841161610.2678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T06:37:44Z", "ms": 1837924663644.3115 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T07:25:44Z", "ms": 1837927543644.3115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:03 on Tue 28 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z → 2028-03-29T08:28:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 28th, 12:08–12:56 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 424 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2028 falls on Wednesday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:03 on Tue 28 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 424, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T13:03:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z", "ms": 1837841585876.0833 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T13:03:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z", "ms": 1837841585876.0833 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-28T12:08:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T06:38:02Z", "ms": 1837838281610.2678 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-28T12:56:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-28T07:26:02Z", "ms": 1837841161610.2678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T06:37:44Z", "ms": 1837924663644.3115 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T07:25:44Z", "ms": 1837927543644.3115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:03 on Tue 28 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-28T07:33:06Z → 2028-03-29T08:28:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 28th, 12:08–12:56 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 424 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:03 on Tue 28 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-03-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3789, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-30T14:30:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T09:00:15Z", "ms": 1838019615034.6655 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-29T13:58:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z", "ms": 1837931332958.5752 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-30T14:30:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T09:00:15Z", "ms": 1838019615034.6655 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T06:37:44Z", "ms": 1837924663644.3115 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-29T12:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-29T07:25:44Z", "ms": 1837927543644.3115 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-30T12:07:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T06:37:26Z", "ms": 1838011045729.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-30T12:55:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T07:25:26Z", "ms": 1838013925729.3801 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar to 14:30 on Thu 30 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-29T08:28:53Z → 2028-03-30T09:00:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 29th, 12:07–12:55 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3789 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Thursday 30 March. Caturthī runs from 13:59 on Wed 29 Mar to 14:30 on Thu 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-03-30T14:30:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T09:00:15Z", "ms": 1838019615034.6655 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-31T14:35:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-31T09:05:53Z", "ms": 1838106352516.8052 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-03-30T14:30:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T09:00:15Z", "ms": 1838019615034.6655 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-31T14:35:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-31T09:05:53Z", "ms": 1838106352516.8052 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-30T12:07:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T06:37:26Z", "ms": 1838011045729.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-30T12:55:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-30T07:25:26Z", "ms": 1838013925729.3801 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-03-31T12:07:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-31T06:37:08Z", "ms": 1838097427881.9202 }, "end": { "local": "2028-03-31T12:55:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-03-31T07:25:08Z", "ms": 1838100307881.9202 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:30 on Thu 30 Mar to 14:36 on Fri 31 Mar.", "fact": "2028-03-30T09:00:15Z → 2028-03-31T09:05:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 30th, 12:07–12:55 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2028 falls on Friday 31 March. Pañcamī runs from 14:30 on Thu 30 Mar to 14:36 on Fri 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 338, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:00:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:30:37Z", "ms": 1838356236604.2034 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-04T10:07:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-04T04:37:51Z", "ms": 1838435871097.947 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:00:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:30:37Z", "ms": 1838356236604.2034 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-04T10:07:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-04T04:37:51Z", "ms": 1838435871097.947 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:06:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:36:15Z", "ms": 1838356574911.7075 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:54:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T07:24:15Z", "ms": 1838359454911.7075 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-04T12:05:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-04T06:35:58Z", "ms": 1838442957503.602 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-04T12:53:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-04T07:23:58Z", "ms": 1838445837503.602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:01 on Mon 3 Apr to 10:08 on Tue 4 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-03T06:30:37Z → 2028-04-04T04:37:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 3rd, 12:06–12:54 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 338 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rāma Navamī 2028 falls on Monday 3 April. Navamī runs from 12:01 on Mon 3 Apr to 10:08 on Tue 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 338, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-02T13:22:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-02T07:52:38Z", "ms": 1838274757779.0195 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:00:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:30:37Z", "ms": 1838356236604.2034 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-02T13:22:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-02T07:52:38Z", "ms": 1838274757779.0195 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:00:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:30:37Z", "ms": 1838356236604.2034 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-02T12:06:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-02T06:36:32Z", "ms": 1838270192455.999 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-02T12:54:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-02T07:24:32Z", "ms": 1838273072455.999 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:06:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T06:36:15Z", "ms": 1838356574911.7075 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-03T12:54:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-03T07:24:15Z", "ms": 1838359454911.7075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:23 on Sun 2 Apr to 12:01 on Mon 3 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-02T07:52:38Z → 2028-04-03T06:30:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 2nd, 12:06–12:54 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 338 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Bhavānī Utpatti 2028 falls on Monday 3 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:23 on Sun 2 Apr to 12:01 on Mon 3 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-05T07:46:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T02:16:04Z", "ms": 1838513763861.1724 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-06T04:58:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T23:28:58Z", "ms": 1838590138206.9993 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-05T07:46:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T02:16:04Z", "ms": 1838513763861.1724 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-06T04:58:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T23:28:58Z", "ms": 1838590138206.9993 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-05T06:15:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T00:45:29Z", "ms": 1838508328621.8262 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-05T06:15:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-05T00:45:29Z", "ms": 1838508328621.8262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-06T06:14:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T00:44:32Z", "ms": 1838594671964.1606 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-06T06:14:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T00:44:32Z", "ms": 1838594671964.1606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:46 on Wed 5 Apr to 04:59 on Thu 6 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-05T02:16:04Z → 2028-04-05T23:28:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:15 on the 5th and 06:15 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 4534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Wednesday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 07:46 on Wed 5 Apr to 04:59 on Thu 6 Apr, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T01:52:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z", "ms": 1838665337560.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T01:52:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z", "ms": 1838665337560.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-06T12:05:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T06:35:23Z", "ms": 1838615723172.2158 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-06T12:53:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T07:23:23Z", "ms": 1838618603172.2158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T12:05:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T06:35:06Z", "ms": 1838702106289.5322 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T12:53:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T07:23:06Z", "ms": 1838704986289.5322 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Fri 7 Apr to 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z → 2028-04-07T17:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 6th, 12:05–12:53 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2028 falls on Friday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Fri 7 Apr to 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T01:52:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z", "ms": 1838665337560.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T01:52:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z", "ms": 1838665337560.3706 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-06T18:44:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T13:14:14Z", "ms": 1838639654380.2712 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-06T20:16:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-06T14:46:09Z", "ms": 1838645169212.4373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T18:44:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T13:14:37Z", "ms": 1838726076957.5476 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T20:16:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T14:46:21Z", "ms": 1838731581312.7312 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Fri 7 Apr to 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-06T20:22:18Z → 2028-04-07T17:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:16 on the 6th, 18:45–20:16 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 6th and 92 of 92 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Friday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Fri 7 Apr to 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-08T19:11:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T13:41:40Z", "ms": 1838814099814.511 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T22:33:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z", "ms": 1838739812453.2852 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-08T19:11:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T13:41:40Z", "ms": 1838814099814.511 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-07T12:05:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T06:35:06Z", "ms": 1838702106289.5322 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-07T12:53:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-07T07:23:06Z", "ms": 1838704986289.5322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-08T12:04:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T06:34:50Z", "ms": 1838788489624.0513 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-08T12:52:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T07:22:50Z", "ms": 1838791369624.0513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr to 19:12 on Sat 8 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-07T17:03:32Z → 2028-04-08T13:41:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 7th, 12:05–12:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 8 April. Caturdaśī runs from 22:34 on Fri 7 Apr to 19:12 on Sat 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11045, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-04-08T19:11:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T13:41:40Z", "ms": 1838814099814.511 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-09T15:56:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-09T10:26:38Z", "ms": 1838888797805.747 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-08T19:11:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T13:41:40Z", "ms": 1838814099814.511 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-09T15:56:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-09T10:26:38Z", "ms": 1838888797805.747 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-08T12:04:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T06:34:50Z", "ms": 1838788489624.0513 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-08T12:52:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-08T07:22:50Z", "ms": 1838791369624.0513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-09T12:04:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-09T06:34:33Z", "ms": 1838874873197.8164 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-09T12:52:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-09T07:22:33Z", "ms": 1838877753197.8164 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:12 on Sat 8 Apr to 15:57 on Sun 9 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-08T13:41:40Z → 2028-04-09T10:26:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 8th, 12:05–12:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11045 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2028 falls on Sunday 9 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:12 on Sat 8 Apr to 15:57 on Sun 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-04-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-12T08:36:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-12T03:06:40Z", "ms": 1839121600480.2346 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-13T07:29:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T01:59:41Z", "ms": 1839203981290.139 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-12T08:36:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-12T03:06:40Z", "ms": 1839121600480.2346 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-13T07:29:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T01:59:41Z", "ms": 1839203981290.139 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-11T21:02:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-11T15:32:16Z", "ms": 1839079936171.3525 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-11T21:02:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-11T15:32:16Z", "ms": 1839079936171.3525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-12T22:05:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-12T16:35:19Z", "ms": 1839170119023.8335 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-12T22:05:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-12T16:35:19Z", "ms": 1839170119023.8335 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:37 on Wed 12 Apr to 07:30 on Thu 13 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-12T03:06:40Z → 2028-04-13T01:59:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:02 on the 11th and 22:05 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Wednesday 12 April. Caturthī runs from 08:37 on Wed 12 Apr to 07:30 on Thu 13 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30178, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2028-04-13T21:44:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T16:14:14Z", "ms": 1839255254211.633 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-14T18:36:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-14T13:06:42Z", "ms": 1841922402439.8792 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2028-04-13T21:44:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T16:14:14Z", "ms": 1839255254211.633 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-13T21:44:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T16:14:14Z", "ms": 1839255254211.633 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-13T06:08:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-13T00:38:06Z", "ms": 1839199085743.425 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-14T06:07:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-14T00:37:12Z", "ms": 1839285432387.2053 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-14T06:07:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-14T00:37:12Z", "ms": 1839285432387.2053 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-15T06:06:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-15T00:36:20Z", "ms": 1839371779566.6375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 21:44 on Thu 13 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-13T16:14:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:08 on the 13th, and from 06:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 30178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2028-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2028-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vaiśākhī (Baisakhi) 2028 falls on Thursday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 21:44 on Thu 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-04-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36716, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-19T16:14:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-19T10:44:50Z", "ms": 1839753889957.0728 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-20T18:47:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-20T13:17:34Z", "ms": 1839849454167.3474 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-19T16:14:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-19T10:44:50Z", "ms": 1839753889957.0728 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-20T18:47:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-20T13:17:34Z", "ms": 1839849454167.3474 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-19T06:02:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-19T00:32:54Z", "ms": 1839717174136.275 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-19T06:02:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-19T00:32:54Z", "ms": 1839717174136.275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-20T06:02:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-20T00:32:04Z", "ms": 1839803524359.307 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-20T06:02:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-20T00:32:04Z", "ms": 1839803524359.307 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:15 on Wed 19 Apr to 18:48 on Thu 20 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-19T10:44:50Z → 2028-04-20T13:17:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:03 on the 19th and 06:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36716 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Thursday 20 April. Ekādaśī runs from 16:15 on Wed 19 Apr to 18:48 on Thu 20 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-04-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2685, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-21T21:04:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-21T15:34:16Z", "ms": 1839944055898.8938 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-22T22:56:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T17:26:53Z", "ms": 1840037213126.2292 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-21T21:04:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-21T15:34:16Z", "ms": 1839944055898.8938 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-22T22:56:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T17:26:53Z", "ms": 1840037213126.2292 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-21T18:50:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-21T13:20:09Z", "ms": 1839936008508.0146 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-21T20:19:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-21T14:49:31Z", "ms": 1839941370954.5854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-22T18:50:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T13:20:34Z", "ms": 1840022433620.247 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-22T20:19:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T14:49:46Z", "ms": 1840027786360.7146 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:04 on Fri 21 Apr to 22:57 on Sat 22 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-21T15:34:16Z → 2028-04-22T17:26:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:20 on the 21st, 18:51–20:20 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 21st and 89 of 89 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2685 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Saturday 22 April. Trayodaśī runs from 21:04 on Fri 21 Apr to 22:57 on Sat 22 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-04-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1227, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-22T22:56:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T17:26:53Z", "ms": 1840037213126.2292 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-24T00:21:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-23T18:51:22Z", "ms": 1840128682385.82 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-22T22:56:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T17:26:53Z", "ms": 1840037213126.2292 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-24T00:21:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-23T18:51:22Z", "ms": 1840128682385.82 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-23T00:01:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T18:31:06Z", "ms": 1840041066397.0005 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-23T00:49:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-22T19:19:06Z", "ms": 1840043946397.0005 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-24T00:00:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-23T18:30:56Z", "ms": 1840127455583.0872 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-24T00:48:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-23T19:18:56Z", "ms": 1840130335583.0872 } }, "covered_min": 20, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:57 on Sat 22 Apr to 00:21 on Mon 24 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-22T17:26:53Z → 2028-04-23T18:51:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:01–00:49 on the 22nd, 00:01–00:49 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 20 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1227 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Saturday 22 April. Caturdaśī runs from 22:57 on Sat 22 Apr to 00:21 on Mon 24 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 20 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14923, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T01:47:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1840393073437.61 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T01:47:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1840393073437.61 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T05:56:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T00:26:36Z", "ms": 1840407996004.7913 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-27T10:15:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T04:45:18Z", "ms": 1840423518070.4666 } }, "covered_min": 259, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-28T05:55:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T00:25:52Z", "ms": 1840494352193.105 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T10:14:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T04:44:58Z", "ms": 1840509897625.8584 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:48 on Thu 27 Apr to 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z → 2028-04-27T19:58:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:57–10:15 on the 27th, 05:56–10:15 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 259 of 259 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 259 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14923 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā (Akha Teej) 2028 falls on Thursday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:48 on Thu 27 Apr to 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T01:47:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1840393073437.61 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T01:47:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z", "ms": 1840393073437.61 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-26T18:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T13:22:16Z", "ms": 1840368136095.7864 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-26T20:20:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-26T14:50:51Z", "ms": 1840373450750.3203 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-27T18:52:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T13:22:42Z", "ms": 1840454562201.8171 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-27T20:21:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T14:51:08Z", "ms": 1840459867533.9888 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:48 on Thu 27 Apr to 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-26T20:17:53Z → 2028-04-27T19:58:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:21 on the 26th, 18:53–20:21 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 26th and 88 of 88 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2028 falls on Thursday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:48 on Thu 27 Apr to 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-04-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T00:47:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T19:17:54Z", "ms": 1840562273813.875 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-28T01:28:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z", "ms": 1840478292426.767 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T00:47:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T19:17:54Z", "ms": 1840562273813.875 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-28T12:00:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T06:30:30Z", "ms": 1840516230342.235 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T12:48:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T07:18:30Z", "ms": 1840519110342.235 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-29T12:00:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T06:30:22Z", "ms": 1840602622082.5742 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T12:48:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T07:18:22Z", "ms": 1840605502082.5742 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr to 00:48 on Sat 29 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-27T19:58:12Z → 2028-04-28T19:17:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 28th, 12:00–12:48 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Friday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 01:28 on Fri 28 Apr to 00:48 on Sat 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39585, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-29T00:47:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T19:17:54Z", "ms": 1840562273813.875 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T23:48:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T18:18:07Z", "ms": 1840645087448.0847 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-29T00:47:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T19:17:54Z", "ms": 1840562273813.875 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T23:48:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T18:18:07Z", "ms": 1840645087448.0847 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-28T12:00:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T06:30:30Z", "ms": 1840516230342.235 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-28T12:48:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-28T07:18:30Z", "ms": 1840519110342.235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-29T12:00:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T06:30:22Z", "ms": 1840602622082.5742 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-29T12:48:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-29T07:18:22Z", "ms": 1840605502082.5742 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 00:48 on Sat 29 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 29 Apr.", "fact": "2028-04-28T19:17:54Z → 2028-04-29T18:18:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 28th, 12:00–12:48 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39585 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śaṅkara Jayantī (Shankaracharya Jayanti) 2028 falls on Saturday 29 April. Pañcamī runs from 00:48 on Sat 29 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29010, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-04-30T22:29:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-30T16:59:20Z", "ms": 1840726759860.1997 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-01T20:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-01T15:21:38Z", "ms": 1840807297518.4114 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-04-30T22:29:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-30T16:59:20Z", "ms": 1840726759860.1997 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-01T20:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-01T15:21:38Z", "ms": 1840807297518.4114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-04-30T12:00:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-30T06:30:14Z", "ms": 1840689014329.0273 }, "end": { "local": "2028-04-30T12:48:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-04-30T07:18:14Z", "ms": 1840691894329.0273 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-01T12:00:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-01T06:30:07Z", "ms": 1840775407086.3513 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-01T12:48:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-01T07:18:07Z", "ms": 1840778287086.3513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:29 on Sun 30 Apr to 20:52 on Mon 1 May.", "fact": "2028-04-30T16:59:20Z → 2028-05-01T15:21:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 30th, 12:00–12:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29010 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2028 falls on Monday 1 May. Saptamī runs from 22:29 on Sun 30 Apr to 20:52 on Mon 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20546, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-04T14:13:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-04T08:43:04Z", "ms": 1841042584480.148 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-04T14:13:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-04T08:43:04Z", "ms": 1841042584480.148 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-04T05:51:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-04T00:21:47Z", "ms": 1841012507266.9768 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-04T05:51:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-04T00:21:47Z", "ms": 1841012507266.9768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T05:51:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T00:21:10Z", "ms": 1841098869599.2957 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T05:51:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T00:21:10Z", "ms": 1841098869599.2957 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:13 on Thu 4 May to 11:34 on Fri 5 May.", "fact": "2028-05-04T08:43:04Z → 2028-05-05T06:03:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:52 on the 4th and 05:51 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20546 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Friday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 14:13 on Thu 4 May to 11:34 on Fri 5 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1568, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:59:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:29:43Z", "ms": 1841120983332.92 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T12:47:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T07:17:43Z", "ms": 1841123863332.92 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T11:59:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T06:29:39Z", "ms": 1841207378730.8464 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T12:47:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T07:17:39Z", "ms": 1841210258730.8464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:34 on Fri 5 May to 08:49 on Sat 6 May.", "fact": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z → 2028-05-06T03:18:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 5th, 12:00–12:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1568 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Friday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 11:34 on Fri 5 May to 08:49 on Sat 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1568, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:33:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z", "ms": 1841119415803.4766 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T11:59:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T06:29:43Z", "ms": 1841120983332.92 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T12:47:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T07:17:43Z", "ms": 1841123863332.92 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T11:59:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T06:29:39Z", "ms": 1841207378730.8464 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T12:47:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T07:17:39Z", "ms": 1841210258730.8464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:34 on Fri 5 May to 08:49 on Sat 6 May.", "fact": "2028-05-05T06:03:36Z → 2028-05-06T03:18:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 5th, 12:00–12:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1568 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Friday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 11:34 on Fri 5 May to 08:49 on Sat 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-07T06:06:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T00:36:00Z", "ms": 1841272559903.667 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T08:48:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z", "ms": 1841195932958.6943 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-07T06:06:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T00:36:00Z", "ms": 1841272559903.667 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-05T18:56:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T13:26:17Z", "ms": 1841145977066.5444 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-05T20:23:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-05T14:53:31Z", "ms": 1841151211175.2039 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T18:56:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T13:26:45Z", "ms": 1841232404580.2021 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T20:23:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T14:53:50Z", "ms": 1841237630253.8662 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:49 on Sat 6 May to 06:06 on Sun 7 May.", "fact": "2028-05-06T03:18:53Z → 2028-05-07T00:36:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:24 on the 5th, 18:57–20:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 5th and 87 of 87 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Saturday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 08:49 on Sat 6 May to 06:06 on Sun 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-07T06:06:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T00:36:00Z", "ms": 1841272559903.667 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-07T06:06:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T00:36:00Z", "ms": 1841272559903.667 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-06T18:56:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T13:26:45Z", "ms": 1841232404580.2021 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-06T20:23:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-06T14:53:50Z", "ms": 1841237630253.8662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-07T18:57:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T13:27:12Z", "ms": 1841318832222.6235 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-07T20:24:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T14:54:10Z", "ms": 1841324049575.8838 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:06 on Sun 7 May to 03:33 on Mon 8 May.", "fact": "2028-05-07T00:36:00Z → 2028-05-07T22:03:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:24 on the 6th, 18:57–20:24 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 6th and 87 of 87 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2028 falls on Sunday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 06:06 on Sun 7 May to 03:33 on Mon 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T01:18:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T19:48:57Z", "ms": 1841428136811.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T01:18:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T19:48:57Z", "ms": 1841428136811.7905 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T11:59:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T06:29:31Z", "ms": 1841380171180.6318 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-08T12:47:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T07:17:31Z", "ms": 1841383051180.6318 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-09T11:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-09T06:29:28Z", "ms": 1841466568246.5635 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T12:47:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-09T07:17:28Z", "ms": 1841469448246.5635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:33 on Mon 8 May to 01:19 on Tue 9 May.", "fact": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z → 2028-05-08T19:48:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 8th, 11:59–12:47 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Buddha Pūrṇimā (Vesak) 2028 falls on Monday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:33 on Mon 8 May to 01:19 on Tue 9 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T01:18:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T19:48:57Z", "ms": 1841428136811.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T03:33:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z", "ms": 1841349785799.8467 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T01:18:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T19:48:57Z", "ms": 1841428136811.7905 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-08T11:59:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T06:29:31Z", "ms": 1841380171180.6318 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-08T12:47:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-08T07:17:31Z", "ms": 1841383051180.6318 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-09T11:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-09T06:29:28Z", "ms": 1841466568246.5635 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-09T12:47:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-09T07:17:28Z", "ms": 1841469448246.5635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:33 on Mon 8 May to 01:19 on Tue 9 May.", "fact": "2028-05-07T22:03:06Z → 2028-05-08T19:48:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 8th, 11:59–12:47 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2028 falls on Monday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:33 on Mon 8 May to 01:19 on Tue 9 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-05-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 394, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-11T21:52:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-11T16:22:02Z", "ms": 1841674922117.4666 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-12T22:08:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-12T16:38:09Z", "ms": 1841762288506.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-11T21:52:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-11T16:22:02Z", "ms": 1841674922117.4666 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-12T22:08:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-12T16:38:09Z", "ms": 1841762288506.599 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-11T21:45:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-11T16:15:28Z", "ms": 1841674527894.9385 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-11T21:45:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-11T16:15:28Z", "ms": 1841674527894.9385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-12T22:36:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-12T17:06:32Z", "ms": 1841763992330.051 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-12T22:36:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-12T17:06:32Z", "ms": 1841763992330.051 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:52 on Thu 11 May to 22:08 on Fri 12 May.", "fact": "2028-05-11T16:22:02Z → 2028-05-12T16:38:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:45 on the 11th and 22:37 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 394 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Thursday 11 May. Caturthī runs from 21:52 on Thu 11 May to 22:08 on Fri 12 May, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-05-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-05-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-19T10:11:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-19T04:41:15Z", "ms": 1842324074932.7725 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-20T12:01:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-20T06:31:34Z", "ms": 1842417094398.1545 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-19T10:11:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-19T04:41:15Z", "ms": 1842324074932.7725 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-20T12:01:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-20T06:31:34Z", "ms": 1842417094398.1545 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-19T05:44:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-19T00:14:10Z", "ms": 1842308050145.0596 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-19T05:44:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-19T00:14:10Z", "ms": 1842308050145.0596 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-20T05:43:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-20T00:13:48Z", "ms": 1842394428486.302 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-20T05:43:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-20T00:13:48Z", "ms": 1842394428486.302 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Fri 19 May to 12:02 on Sat 20 May.", "fact": "2028-05-19T04:41:15Z → 2028-05-20T06:31:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:44 on the 19th and 05:44 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Aparā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 20 May. Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Fri 19 May to 12:02 on Sat 20 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-05-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-21T13:19:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-21T07:49:42Z", "ms": 1842508182375.5432 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-22T14:02:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T08:32:30Z", "ms": 1842597149555.1008 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-21T13:19:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-21T07:49:42Z", "ms": 1842508182375.5432 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-22T14:02:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T08:32:30Z", "ms": 1842597149555.1008 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-21T19:03:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-21T13:33:48Z", "ms": 1842528827612.9412 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-21T20:29:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-21T14:59:02Z", "ms": 1842533942417.8843 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-22T19:04:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T13:34:16Z", "ms": 1842615255833.0347 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-22T20:29:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T14:59:24Z", "ms": 1842620364452.3914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:20 on Sun 21 May to 14:02 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "2028-05-21T07:49:42Z → 2028-05-22T08:32:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:29 on the 21st, 19:04–20:29 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 85 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 21 May. Trayodaśī runs from 13:20 on Sun 21 May to 14:02 on Mon 22 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-05-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-22T14:02:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T08:32:30Z", "ms": 1842597149555.1008 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-23T14:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-23T08:40:22Z", "ms": 1842684022290.0586 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-22T14:02:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T08:32:30Z", "ms": 1842597149555.1008 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-23T14:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-23T08:40:22Z", "ms": 1842684022290.0586 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-22T23:59:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T18:29:33Z", "ms": 1842632973155.6226 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-23T00:47:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-22T19:17:33Z", "ms": 1842635853155.6226 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-23T23:59:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-23T18:29:39Z", "ms": 1842719378703.4548 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-24T00:47:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-23T19:17:39Z", "ms": 1842722258703.4548 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:02 on Mon 22 May to 14:10 on Tue 23 May.", "fact": "2028-05-22T08:32:30Z → 2028-05-23T08:40:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:00–00:48 on the 22nd, 00:00–00:48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Monday 22 May. Caturdaśī runs from 14:02 on Mon 22 May to 14:10 on Tue 23 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-05-26T11:40:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-26T06:10:36Z", "ms": 1842934235544.6199 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-27T10:08:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T04:38:33Z", "ms": 1843015113293.5334 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-26T11:40:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-26T06:10:36Z", "ms": 1842934235544.6199 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-27T10:08:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T04:38:33Z", "ms": 1843015113293.5334 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-26T12:00:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-26T06:30:05Z", "ms": 1842935405101.8923 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-26T12:48:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-26T07:18:05Z", "ms": 1842938285101.8923 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-27T12:00:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T06:30:12Z", "ms": 1843021812013.3618 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-27T12:48:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T07:18:12Z", "ms": 1843024692013.3618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Fri 26 May to 10:09 on Sat 27 May.", "fact": "2028-05-26T06:10:36Z → 2028-05-27T04:38:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 26th, 12:00–12:48 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2028 falls on Friday 26 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Fri 26 May to 10:09 on Sat 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-05-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-27T10:08:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T04:38:33Z", "ms": 1843015113293.5334 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-28T08:22:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-28T02:52:45Z", "ms": 1843095165391.3042 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-27T10:08:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T04:38:33Z", "ms": 1843015113293.5334 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-28T08:22:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-28T02:52:45Z", "ms": 1843095165391.3042 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-27T12:00:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T06:30:12Z", "ms": 1843021812013.3618 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-27T12:48:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-27T07:18:12Z", "ms": 1843024692013.3618 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-28T12:00:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-28T06:30:19Z", "ms": 1843108219369.3286 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-28T12:48:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-28T07:18:19Z", "ms": 1843111099369.3286 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:09 on Sat 27 May to 08:23 on Sun 28 May.", "fact": "2028-05-27T04:38:33Z → 2028-05-28T02:52:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 27th, 12:00–12:48 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Saturday 27 May. Caturthī runs from 10:09 on Sat 27 May to 08:23 on Sun 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T06:26:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z", "ms": 1843174592169.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T04:22:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T22:52:32Z", "ms": 1843253551539.7832 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T06:26:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z", "ms": 1843174592169.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T04:22:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T22:52:32Z", "ms": 1843253551539.7832 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T12:00:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T06:30:27Z", "ms": 1843194627152.1907 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-29T12:48:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T07:18:27Z", "ms": 1843197507152.1907 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-30T12:00:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-30T06:30:35Z", "ms": 1843281035344.6147 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T12:48:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-30T07:18:35Z", "ms": 1843283915344.6147 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:27 on Mon 29 May to 04:23 on Tue 30 May.", "fact": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z → 2028-05-29T22:52:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 29th, 12:01–12:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2028 falls on Monday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:27 on Mon 29 May to 04:23 on Tue 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T06:26:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z", "ms": 1843174592169.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T04:22:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T22:52:32Z", "ms": 1843253551539.7832 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T06:26:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z", "ms": 1843174592169.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T04:22:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T22:52:32Z", "ms": 1843253551539.7832 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-29T12:00:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T06:30:27Z", "ms": 1843194627152.1907 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-29T12:48:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-29T07:18:27Z", "ms": 1843197507152.1907 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-05-30T12:00:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-30T06:30:35Z", "ms": 1843281035344.6147 }, "end": { "local": "2028-05-30T12:48:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-05-30T07:18:35Z", "ms": 1843283915344.6147 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:27 on Mon 29 May to 04:23 on Tue 30 May.", "fact": "2028-05-29T00:56:32Z → 2028-05-29T22:52:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 29th, 12:01–12:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Ujjain, 2028: Monday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2028 falls on Monday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:27 on Mon 29 May to 04:23 on Tue 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-06-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-02T19:32:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-02T14:02:57Z", "ms": 1843567376744.9392 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-03T17:26:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T11:56:09Z", "ms": 1843646168743.4365 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-02T19:32:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-02T14:02:57Z", "ms": 1843567376744.9392 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-03T17:26:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T11:56:09Z", "ms": 1843646168743.4365 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-03T05:40:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T00:10:47Z", "ms": 1843603846739.1401 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-03T05:40:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T00:10:47Z", "ms": 1843603846739.1401 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-04T05:40:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T00:10:42Z", "ms": 1843690242290.5159 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-04T05:40:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T00:10:42Z", "ms": 1843690242290.5159 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:33 on Fri 2 Jun to 17:26 on Sat 3 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-02T14:02:57Z → 2028-06-03T11:56:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:41 on the 3rd and 05:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36470 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 3 June. Ekādaśī runs from 19:33 on Fri 2 Jun to 17:26 on Sat 3 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-03T17:26:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T11:56:09Z", "ms": 1843646168743.4365 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-04T15:29:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T09:59:44Z", "ms": 1843725583502.0403 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-03T17:26:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T11:56:09Z", "ms": 1843646168743.4365 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-04T15:29:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T09:59:44Z", "ms": 1843725583502.0403 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-03T12:01:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T06:31:12Z", "ms": 1843626671883.0977 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-03T12:49:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-03T07:19:12Z", "ms": 1843629551883.0977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-04T12:01:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T06:31:22Z", "ms": 1843713081883.2886 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-04T12:49:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T07:19:22Z", "ms": 1843715961883.2886 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:26 on Sat 3 Jun to 15:30 on Sun 4 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-03T11:56:09Z → 2028-06-04T09:59:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 3rd, 12:01–12:49 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Sunday 4 June. Dvādaśī runs from 17:26 on Sat 3 Jun to 15:30 on Sun 4 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-06-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-04T15:29:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T09:59:44Z", "ms": 1843725583502.0403 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-05T13:49:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-05T08:19:08Z", "ms": 1843805947522.7651 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-04T15:29:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T09:59:44Z", "ms": 1843725583502.0403 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-05T13:49:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-05T08:19:08Z", "ms": 1843805947522.7651 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-04T19:10:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T13:40:01Z", "ms": 1843738801476.0615 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-04T20:34:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-04T15:04:06Z", "ms": 1843743846472.9019 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-05T19:10:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-05T13:40:25Z", "ms": 1843825225448.324 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-05T20:34:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-05T15:04:27Z", "ms": 1843830266951.0476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:30 on Sun 4 Jun to 13:49 on Mon 5 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-04T09:59:44Z → 2028-06-05T08:19:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:10–20:34 on the 4th, 19:10–20:34 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 84 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13218 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 4 June. Trayodaśī runs from 15:30 on Sun 4 Jun to 13:49 on Mon 5 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24036, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-06-06T12:30:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-06T07:00:13Z", "ms": 1843887613063.053 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-07T11:38:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-07T06:08:49Z", "ms": 1843970929285.5146 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-06T12:30:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-06T07:00:13Z", "ms": 1843887613063.053 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-07T11:38:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-07T06:08:49Z", "ms": 1843970929285.5146 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-06T19:10:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-06T13:40:49Z", "ms": 1843911648920.481 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-06T20:34:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-06T15:04:47Z", "ms": 1843916687142.177 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-07T19:11:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-07T13:41:12Z", "ms": 1843998071868.9866 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-07T20:35:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-07T15:05:07Z", "ms": 1844003107024.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:30 on Tue 6 Jun to 11:39 on Wed 7 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-06T07:00:13Z → 2028-06-07T06:08:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:11–20:35 on the 6th, 19:11–20:35 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 84 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24036 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata (Vat Purnima) 2028 falls on Tuesday 6 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:30 on Tue 6 Jun to 11:39 on Wed 7 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-06-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-10T12:32:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-10T07:02:23Z", "ms": 1844233342645.5344 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-11T14:02:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-11T08:32:32Z", "ms": 1844325152146.3123 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-10T12:32:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-10T07:02:23Z", "ms": 1844233342645.5344 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-11T14:02:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-11T08:32:32Z", "ms": 1844325152146.3123 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-10T21:56:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-10T16:26:25Z", "ms": 1844267185474.5784 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-10T21:56:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-10T16:26:25Z", "ms": 1844267185474.5784 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-11T22:33:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-11T17:03:49Z", "ms": 1844355829112.3235 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-11T22:33:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-11T17:03:49Z", "ms": 1844355829112.3235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:32 on Sat 10 Jun to 14:03 on Sun 11 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-10T07:02:23Z → 2028-06-11T08:32:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:56 on the 10th and 22:34 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 10 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Saturday 10 June. Caturthī runs from 12:32 on Sat 10 Jun to 14:03 on Sun 11 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-06-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-06-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-18T02:27:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-17T20:57:53Z", "ms": 1844888272551.4731 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-19T03:15:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-18T21:45:26Z", "ms": 1844977526464.16 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-18T02:27:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-17T20:57:53Z", "ms": 1844888272551.4731 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-19T03:15:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-18T21:45:26Z", "ms": 1844977526464.16 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-18T05:41:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-18T00:11:33Z", "ms": 1844899892617.5403 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-18T05:41:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-18T00:11:33Z", "ms": 1844899892617.5403 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-19T05:41:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T00:11:44Z", "ms": 1844986303726.5315 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-19T05:41:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T00:11:44Z", "ms": 1844986303726.5315 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:28 on Sun 18 Jun to 03:15 on Mon 19 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-17T20:57:53Z → 2028-06-18T21:45:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:42 on the 18th and 05:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Sunday 18 June. Ekādaśī runs from 02:28 on Sun 18 Jun to 03:15 on Mon 19 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-06-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22179, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-20T03:21:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T21:51:59Z", "ms": 1845064319116.9387 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-21T02:48:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T21:18:25Z", "ms": 1845148705383.003 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-20T03:21:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T21:51:59Z", "ms": 1845064319116.9387 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-21T02:48:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T21:18:25Z", "ms": 1845148705383.003 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-19T19:14:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T13:44:57Z", "ms": 1845035097259.1277 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-19T20:38:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-19T15:08:33Z", "ms": 1845040113055.7388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-20T19:15:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T13:45:11Z", "ms": 1845121511081.0068 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-20T20:38:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T15:08:47Z", "ms": 1845126526751.9106 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:22 on Tue 20 Jun to 02:48 on Wed 21 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-19T21:51:59Z → 2028-06-20T21:18:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:39 on the 19th, 19:15–20:39 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 19th and 84 of 84 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22179 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Tuesday 20 June. Trayodaśī runs from 03:22 on Tue 20 Jun to 02:48 on Wed 21 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-06-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2733, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-21T02:48:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T21:18:25Z", "ms": 1845148705383.003 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-22T01:38:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-21T20:08:27Z", "ms": 1845230906596.5332 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-21T02:48:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T21:18:25Z", "ms": 1845148705383.003 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-22T01:38:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-21T20:08:27Z", "ms": 1845230906596.5332 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-21T00:04:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T18:34:40Z", "ms": 1845138879846.8965 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-21T00:52:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-20T19:22:40Z", "ms": 1845141759846.8965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-22T00:04:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-21T18:34:53Z", "ms": 1845225293175.3992 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-22T00:52:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-21T19:22:53Z", "ms": 1845228173175.3992 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Wed 21 Jun to 01:38 on Thu 22 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-20T21:18:25Z → 2028-06-21T20:08:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:05–00:53 on the 20th, 00:05–00:53 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2733 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Wednesday 21 June. Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Wed 21 Jun to 01:38 on Thu 22 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-06-23T21:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-23T16:22:16Z", "ms": 1845390136370.8872 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-24T19:29:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-24T13:59:24Z", "ms": 1845467964411.2625 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-23T21:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-23T16:22:16Z", "ms": 1845390136370.8872 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-24T19:29:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-24T13:59:24Z", "ms": 1845467964411.2625 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-23T12:05:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-23T06:35:12Z", "ms": 1845354911991.8684 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-23T12:53:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-23T07:23:12Z", "ms": 1845357791991.8684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-24T12:05:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-24T06:35:25Z", "ms": 1845441324705.9575 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-24T12:53:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-24T07:23:25Z", "ms": 1845444204705.9575 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 21:52 on Fri 23 Jun to 19:29 on Sat 24 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-23T16:22:16Z → 2028-06-24T13:59:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rathayātrā 2028 falls on Saturday 24 June. Dvitīyā runs from 21:52 on Fri 23 Jun to 19:29 on Sat 24 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-06-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5004, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-25T16:55:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-25T11:25:39Z", "ms": 1845545138871.5974 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-26T14:17:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T08:47:14Z", "ms": 1845622033940.7283 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-25T16:55:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-25T11:25:39Z", "ms": 1845545138871.5974 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-26T14:17:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T08:47:14Z", "ms": 1845622033940.7283 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-25T12:05:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-25T06:35:37Z", "ms": 1845527737298.3362 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-25T12:53:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-25T07:23:37Z", "ms": 1845530617298.3362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-26T12:05:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T06:35:50Z", "ms": 1845614149740.812 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-26T12:53:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T07:23:50Z", "ms": 1845617029740.812 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:56 on Sun 25 Jun to 14:17 on Mon 26 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-25T11:25:39Z → 2028-06-26T08:47:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 25th, 12:06–12:54 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5004 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Monday 26 June. Caturthī runs from 16:56 on Sun 25 Jun to 14:17 on Mon 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1576, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-26T14:17:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T08:47:14Z", "ms": 1845622033940.7283 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-27T11:39:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-27T06:09:46Z", "ms": 1845698985961.7002 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-26T14:17:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T08:47:14Z", "ms": 1845622033940.7283 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-27T11:39:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-27T06:09:46Z", "ms": 1845698985961.7002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-26T12:05:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T06:35:50Z", "ms": 1845614149740.812 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-26T12:53:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-26T07:23:50Z", "ms": 1845617029740.812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-27T12:06:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-27T06:36:02Z", "ms": 1845700562006.356 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-27T12:54:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-27T07:24:02Z", "ms": 1845703442006.356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:17 on Mon 26 Jun to 11:40 on Tue 27 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-26T08:47:14Z → 2028-06-27T06:09:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 26th, 12:06–12:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 1576 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Skanda Pañcamī 2028 falls on Tuesday 27 June. Pañcamī runs from 14:17 on Mon 26 Jun to 11:40 on Tue 27 Jun, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-06-28T09:08:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-28T03:38:09Z", "ms": 1845776288545.2703 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-29T06:46:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-29T01:16:33Z", "ms": 1845854192635.6084 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-06-28T09:08:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-28T03:38:09Z", "ms": 1845776288545.2703 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-29T06:46:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-29T01:16:33Z", "ms": 1845854192635.6084 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-28T12:06:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-28T06:36:14Z", "ms": 1845786974069.4673 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-28T12:54:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-28T07:24:14Z", "ms": 1845789854069.4673 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-06-29T12:06:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-29T06:36:26Z", "ms": 1845873385906.3325 }, "end": { "local": "2028-06-29T12:54:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-06-29T07:24:26Z", "ms": 1845876265906.3325 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:08 on Wed 28 Jun to 06:47 on Thu 29 Jun.", "fact": "2028-06-28T03:38:09Z → 2028-06-29T01:16:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 28th, 12:06–12:54 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vivasvat Saptamī 2028 falls on Wednesday 28 June. Saptamī runs from 09:08 on Wed 28 Jun to 06:47 on Thu 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-07-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16228, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-02T01:14:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-01T19:44:52Z", "ms": 1846093491521.4624 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-03T00:04:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-02T18:34:18Z", "ms": 1846175658321.2734 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-02T01:14:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-01T19:44:52Z", "ms": 1846093491521.4624 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-03T00:04:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-02T18:34:18Z", "ms": 1846175658321.2734 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-02T05:45:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-02T00:15:19Z", "ms": 1846109719280.3335 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-02T05:45:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-02T00:15:19Z", "ms": 1846109719280.3335 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-03T05:45:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T00:15:40Z", "ms": 1846196140298.02 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-03T05:45:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T00:15:40Z", "ms": 1846196140298.02 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:15 on Sun 2 Jul to 00:04 on Mon 3 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-01T19:44:52Z → 2028-07-02T18:34:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:45 on the 2nd and 05:46 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16228 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Sunday 2 July. Ekādaśī runs from 01:15 on Sun 2 Jul to 00:04 on Mon 3 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-07-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8188, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-03T23:17:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T17:47:41Z", "ms": 1846259260786.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-04T22:57:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-04T17:27:06Z", "ms": 1846344426192.292 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-03T23:17:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T17:47:41Z", "ms": 1846259260786.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-04T22:57:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-04T17:27:06Z", "ms": 1846344426192.292 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-03T19:16:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T13:46:41Z", "ms": 1846244800843.3694 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-03T20:40:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-03T15:10:36Z", "ms": 1846249835639.1975 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-04T19:16:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-04T13:46:40Z", "ms": 1846331200133.1536 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-04T20:40:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-04T15:10:38Z", "ms": 1846336237955.1257 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:18 on Mon 3 Jul to 22:57 on Tue 4 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-03T17:47:41Z → 2028-07-04T17:27:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:41 on the 3rd, 19:17–20:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 3rd and 84 of 84 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8188 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Tuesday 4 July. Trayodaśī runs from 23:18 on Mon 3 Jul to 22:57 on Tue 4 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21980, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-06T05:46:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T00:16:46Z", "ms": 1846455406231.512 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T08:28:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T02:58:44Z", "ms": 1846465124035.9905 } }, "covered_min": 162, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-07T05:47:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T00:17:09Z", "ms": 1846541829089.0078 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-07T08:29:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T02:59:01Z", "ms": 1846551541485.6458 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z → 2028-07-06T18:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:47–08:29 on the 6th, 05:47–08:29 on the 7th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 162 of 162 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 162 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21980 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vyāsa Pūjā 2028 falls on Thursday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36533, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T12:07:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T06:37:31Z", "ms": 1846391851035.0847 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-05T12:55:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T07:25:31Z", "ms": 1846394731035.0847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-06T12:07:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T06:37:41Z", "ms": 1846478260742.708 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T12:55:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T07:25:41Z", "ms": 1846481140742.708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z → 2028-07-06T18:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 5th, 12:08–12:56 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36533 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Guru Pūrṇimā 2028 falls on Thursday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13666, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T16:34:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T11:04:35Z", "ms": 1846407875377.3684 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-05T19:16:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T13:46:38Z", "ms": 1846417598272.224 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-06T16:34:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T11:04:37Z", "ms": 1846494277449.4258 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T19:16:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T13:46:35Z", "ms": 1846503995253.9043 } }, "covered_min": 162, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z → 2028-07-06T18:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:35–19:17 on the 5th, 16:35–19:17 on the 6th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 162 minutes on the 5th and 162 of 162 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13666 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kokilā Vrata 2028 falls on Thursday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8625, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T23:04:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z", "ms": 1846431264266.609 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T23:40:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T18:10:49Z", "ms": 1846519849381.307 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-05T19:16:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T13:46:38Z", "ms": 1846417598272.224 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-05T20:40:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-05T15:10:39Z", "ms": 1846422639333.4624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-06T19:16:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T13:46:35Z", "ms": 1846503995253.9043 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-06T20:40:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-06T15:10:40Z", "ms": 1846509039765.2515 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-05T17:34:24Z → 2028-07-06T18:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:41 on the 5th, 19:17–20:41 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 5th and 84 of 84 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8625 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śiva Śayanotsava 2028 falls on Thursday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:04 on Wed 5 Jul to 23:41 on Thu 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17657, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-08T00:46:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T19:16:33Z", "ms": 1846610193409.11 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-09T02:20:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-08T20:50:12Z", "ms": 1846702211628.9077 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-08T00:46:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T19:16:33Z", "ms": 1846610193409.11 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-09T02:20:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-08T20:50:12Z", "ms": 1846702211628.9077 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-07T19:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T14:22:16Z", "ms": 1846592536139.2913 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-07T19:52:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-07T14:22:16Z", "ms": 1846592536139.2913 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-08T20:31:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-08T15:01:24Z", "ms": 1846681284318.7559 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-08T20:31:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-08T15:01:24Z", "ms": 1846681284318.7559 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 00:47 on Sat 8 Jul to 02:20 on Sun 9 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-07T19:16:33Z → 2028-07-08T20:50:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:52 on the 7th and 20:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17657 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2028 falls on Saturday 8 July. Dvitīyā runs from 00:47 on Sat 8 Jul to 02:20 on Sun 9 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-07-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25891, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-10T04:18:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-09T22:48:08Z", "ms": 1846795687558.1077 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-11T06:34:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-11T01:04:07Z", "ms": 1846890246827.588 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-10T04:18:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-09T22:48:08Z", "ms": 1846795687558.1077 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-11T06:34:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-11T01:04:07Z", "ms": 1846890246827.588 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-09T21:06:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-09T15:36:37Z", "ms": 1846769796962.4478 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-09T21:06:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-09T15:36:37Z", "ms": 1846769796962.4478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-10T21:39:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-10T16:09:04Z", "ms": 1846858144090.0767 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-10T21:39:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-10T16:09:04Z", "ms": 1846858144090.0767 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:18 on Mon 10 Jul to 06:34 on Tue 11 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-09T22:48:08Z → 2028-07-11T01:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 9th and 21:39 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25891 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Monday 10 July. Caturthī runs from 04:18 on Mon 10 Jul to 06:34 on Tue 11 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-07-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38096, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-17T16:46:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-17T11:16:32Z", "ms": 1847445391573.3308 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-18T16:26:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-18T10:56:38Z", "ms": 1847530598147.5803 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-17T16:46:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-17T11:16:32Z", "ms": 1847445391573.3308 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-18T16:26:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-18T10:56:38Z", "ms": 1847530598147.5803 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-17T05:51:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-17T00:21:16Z", "ms": 1847406075753.5195 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-17T05:51:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-17T00:21:16Z", "ms": 1847406075753.5195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-18T05:51:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-18T00:21:42Z", "ms": 1847492501696.3174 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-18T05:51:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-18T00:21:42Z", "ms": 1847492501696.3174 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:47 on Mon 17 Jul to 16:27 on Tue 18 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-17T11:16:32Z → 2028-07-18T10:56:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:51 on the 17th and 05:52 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38096 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 18 July. Ekādaśī runs from 16:47 on Mon 17 Jul to 16:27 on Tue 18 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-07-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13901, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-19T15:22:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T09:52:28Z", "ms": 1847613148160.7747 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-20T13:37:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T08:07:44Z", "ms": 1847693263582.741 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-19T15:22:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T09:52:28Z", "ms": 1847613148160.7747 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-20T13:37:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T08:07:44Z", "ms": 1847693263582.741 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-19T19:14:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T13:44:09Z", "ms": 1847627048920.5657 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-19T20:39:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T15:09:16Z", "ms": 1847632156258.2012 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-20T19:13:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T13:43:49Z", "ms": 1847713429380.1824 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-20T20:39:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T15:09:03Z", "ms": 1847718542824.6277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:22 on Wed 19 Jul to 13:38 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-19T09:52:28Z → 2028-07-20T08:07:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:39 on the 19th, 19:14–20:39 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 85 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13901 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Trayodaśī runs from 15:22 on Wed 19 Jul to 13:38 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-07-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37255, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-20T13:37:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T08:07:44Z", "ms": 1847693263582.741 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-21T11:18:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-21T05:48:20Z", "ms": 1847771300113.154 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-20T13:37:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T08:07:44Z", "ms": 1847693263582.741 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-21T11:18:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-21T05:48:20Z", "ms": 1847771300113.154 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-20T00:09:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T18:39:21Z", "ms": 1847644761436.6987 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-20T00:57:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-19T19:27:21Z", "ms": 1847647641436.6987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-21T00:09:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T18:39:25Z", "ms": 1847731164796.8525 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-21T00:57:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-20T19:27:25Z", "ms": 1847734044796.8525 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:38 on Thu 20 Jul to 11:18 on Fri 21 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-20T08:07:44Z → 2028-07-21T05:48:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 19th, 00:09–00:57 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37255 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Thursday 20 July. Caturdaśī runs from 13:38 on Thu 20 Jul to 11:18 on Fri 21 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T02:10:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-23T20:40:23Z", "ms": 1847997623147.1418 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-24T22:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T17:23:01Z", "ms": 1848072181148.042 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T02:10:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-23T20:40:23Z", "ms": 1847997623147.1418 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-24T22:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T17:23:01Z", "ms": 1848072181148.042 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-23T12:09:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-23T06:39:18Z", "ms": 1847947158272.9248 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-23T12:57:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-23T07:27:18Z", "ms": 1847950038272.9248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T12:09:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T06:39:19Z", "ms": 1848033559314.9172 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-24T12:57:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T07:27:19Z", "ms": 1848036439314.9172 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:10 on Mon 24 Jul to 22:53 on Mon 24 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-23T20:40:23Z → 2028-07-24T17:23:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 23rd, 12:09–12:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Teej) 2028 falls on Monday 24 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:10 on Mon 24 Jul to 22:53 on Mon 24 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-07-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T22:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T17:23:01Z", "ms": 1848072181148.042 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-25T19:42:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T14:12:25Z", "ms": 1848147144708.3064 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T22:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T17:23:01Z", "ms": 1848072181148.042 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-25T19:42:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T14:12:25Z", "ms": 1848147144708.3064 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-24T12:09:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T06:39:19Z", "ms": 1848033559314.9172 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-24T12:57:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-24T07:27:19Z", "ms": 1848036439314.9172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-25T12:09:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T06:39:20Z", "ms": 1848119959758.2021 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-25T12:57:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T07:27:20Z", "ms": 1848122839758.2021 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:53 on Mon 24 Jul to 19:42 on Tue 25 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-24T17:23:01Z → 2028-07-25T14:12:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 24th, 12:09–12:57 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Tuesday 25 July. Caturthī runs from 22:53 on Mon 24 Jul to 19:42 on Tue 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-25T19:42:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T14:12:25Z", "ms": 1848147144708.3064 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-26T16:46:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-26T11:16:15Z", "ms": 1848222975236.7573 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-25T19:42:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T14:12:25Z", "ms": 1848147144708.3064 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-26T16:46:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-26T11:16:15Z", "ms": 1848222975236.7573 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-25T12:09:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T06:39:20Z", "ms": 1848119959758.2021 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-25T12:57:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-25T07:27:20Z", "ms": 1848122839758.2021 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-26T12:09:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-26T06:39:20Z", "ms": 1848206359594.0764 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-26T12:57:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-26T07:27:20Z", "ms": 1848209239594.0764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:42 on Tue 25 Jul to 16:46 on Wed 26 Jul.", "fact": "2028-07-25T14:12:25Z → 2028-07-26T11:16:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 25th, 12:09–12:57 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Nāga Pañcamī 2028 falls on Wednesday 26 July. Pañcamī runs from 19:42 on Tue 25 Jul to 16:46 on Wed 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-07-31T08:49:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-31T03:19:47Z", "ms": 1848626387119.1724 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-01T08:51:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T03:21:43Z", "ms": 1848712902902.0098 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-07-31T08:49:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-31T03:19:47Z", "ms": 1848626387119.1724 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-01T08:51:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T03:21:43Z", "ms": 1848712902902.0098 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-07-31T05:57:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-31T00:27:22Z", "ms": 1848616041663.802 }, "end": { "local": "2028-07-31T05:57:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-07-31T00:27:22Z", "ms": 1848616041663.802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-01T05:57:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T00:27:47Z", "ms": 1848702467252.316 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-01T05:57:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T00:27:47Z", "ms": 1848702467252.316 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:50 on Mon 31 Jul to 08:52 on Tue 1 Aug.", "fact": "2028-07-31T03:19:47Z → 2028-08-01T03:21:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:57 on the 31st and 05:58 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Putradā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 1 August. Ekādaśī runs from 08:50 on Mon 31 Jul to 08:52 on Tue 1 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9866, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-01T08:51:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T03:21:43Z", "ms": 1848712902902.0098 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-02T09:24:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T03:54:36Z", "ms": 1848801275507.4023 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-01T08:51:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T03:21:43Z", "ms": 1848712902902.0098 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-02T09:24:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T03:54:36Z", "ms": 1848801275507.4023 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-01T12:09:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T06:39:06Z", "ms": 1848724745619.982 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-01T12:57:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-01T07:27:06Z", "ms": 1848727625619.982 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-02T12:09:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T06:39:01Z", "ms": 1848811141123.6392 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-02T12:57:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T07:27:01Z", "ms": 1848814021123.6392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:52 on Tue 1 Aug to 09:25 on Wed 2 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-01T03:21:43Z → 2028-08-02T03:54:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 1st, 12:09–12:57 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9866 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 1 August. Dvādaśī runs from 08:52 on Tue 1 Aug to 09:25 on Wed 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-08-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-02T09:24:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T03:54:36Z", "ms": 1848801275507.4023 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-03T10:25:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-03T04:55:43Z", "ms": 1848891343181.4592 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-02T09:24:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T03:54:36Z", "ms": 1848801275507.4023 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-03T10:25:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-03T04:55:43Z", "ms": 1848891343181.4592 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-02T19:07:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T13:37:50Z", "ms": 1848836269563.5823 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-02T20:34:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-02T15:04:36Z", "ms": 1848841476015.0088 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-03T19:07:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-03T13:37:14Z", "ms": 1848922634081.998 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-03T20:34:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-03T15:04:09Z", "ms": 1848927848609.9517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:25 on Wed 2 Aug to 10:26 on Thu 3 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-02T03:54:36Z → 2028-08-03T04:55:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:08–20:35 on the 2nd, 19:07–20:34 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 87 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 2 August. Trayodaśī runs from 09:25 on Wed 2 Aug to 10:26 on Thu 3 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1013, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-04T11:51:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T06:21:57Z", "ms": 1848982917213.3486 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T13:39:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T08:09:50Z", "ms": 1849075789599.7493 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-04T11:51:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T06:21:57Z", "ms": 1848982917213.3486 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T13:39:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T08:09:50Z", "ms": 1849075789599.7493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-04T12:08:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T06:38:50Z", "ms": 1848983930301.2192 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-04T12:56:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T07:26:50Z", "ms": 1848986810301.2192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-05T12:08:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T06:38:44Z", "ms": 1849070323986.4302 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T12:56:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T07:26:44Z", "ms": 1849073203986.4302 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 4 Aug to 13:40 on Sat 5 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-04T06:21:57Z → 2028-08-05T08:09:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 4th, 12:09–12:57 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1013 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2028 falls on Friday 4 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 4 Aug to 13:40 on Sat 5 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 18963, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-04T11:51:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T06:21:57Z", "ms": 1848982917213.3486 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T13:39:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T08:09:50Z", "ms": 1849075789599.7493 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2028-08-05T00:43:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T19:13:25Z", "ms": 1849029204948.4824 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T13:39:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T08:09:50Z", "ms": 1849075789599.7493 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-04T05:59:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-04T00:29:03Z", "ms": 1848961743041.651 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-05T05:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T00:29:28Z", "ms": 1849048167954.4934 } }, "covered_min": 316, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-05T05:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-05T00:29:28Z", "ms": 1849048167954.4934 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-06T05:59:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-06T00:29:53Z", "ms": 1849134592682.4485 } }, "covered_min": 460, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 4 Aug to 13:40 on Sat 5 Aug. Its second half begins at 00:43 on Sat 5 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-04T06:21:57Z → 2028-08-05T08:09:50Z · second half from 2028-08-04T19:13:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:59 on the 4th, and from 05:59 on the 5th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 316 of 1440 minutes on the 4th and 460 of 1440 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 18963 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2028 falls on Saturday 5 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 00:43 on Sat 5 Aug to 13:40 on Sat 5 Aug and falls on two days: 460 minutes of it on the 5th, 316 on the 4th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7630, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-06T15:45:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-06T10:15:26Z", "ms": 1849169726490.7712 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-07T18:04:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T12:34:09Z", "ms": 1849264449207.1814 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-06T15:45:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-06T10:15:26Z", "ms": 1849169726490.7712 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-07T18:04:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T12:34:09Z", "ms": 1849264449207.1814 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-06T19:39:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-06T14:09:59Z", "ms": 1849183798543.1218 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-06T19:39:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-06T14:09:59Z", "ms": 1849183798543.1218 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-07T20:11:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T14:41:19Z", "ms": 1849272079324.0686 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-07T20:11:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T14:41:19Z", "ms": 1849272079324.0686 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 15:45 on Sun 6 Aug to 18:04 on Mon 7 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-06T10:15:26Z → 2028-08-07T12:34:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:40 on the 6th and 20:11 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7630 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 6 August. Dvitīyā runs from 15:45 on Sun 6 Aug to 18:04 on Mon 7 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-07T18:04:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T12:34:09Z", "ms": 1849264449207.1814 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-07T18:04:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T12:34:09Z", "ms": 1849264449207.1814 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-07T12:08:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T06:38:30Z", "ms": 1849243109583.3867 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-07T12:56:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-07T07:26:30Z", "ms": 1849245989583.3867 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T12:08:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T06:38:22Z", "ms": 1849329501510.375 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-08T12:56:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T07:26:22Z", "ms": 1849332381510.375 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:04 on Mon 7 Aug to 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-07T12:34:09Z → 2028-08-08T15:00:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 7th, 12:08–12:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2028 falls on Tuesday 8 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:04 on Mon 7 Aug to 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-08-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T22:56:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T17:26:13Z", "ms": 1849454772910.6 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T22:56:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T17:26:13Z", "ms": 1849454772910.6 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:41:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:11:48Z", "ms": 1849360307966.4287 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:41:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:11:48Z", "ms": 1849360307966.4287 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-09T21:12:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T15:42:28Z", "ms": 1849448548221.997 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T21:12:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T15:42:28Z", "ms": 1849448548221.997 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug to 22:56 on Wed 9 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z → 2028-08-09T17:26:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 8th and 21:12 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Tuesday 8 August. Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug to 22:56 on Wed 9 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5168, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T22:56:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T17:26:13Z", "ms": 1849454772910.6 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T20:30:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z", "ms": 1849359609875.1895 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T22:56:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T17:26:13Z", "ms": 1849454772910.6 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-08T16:27:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T10:57:21Z", "ms": 1849345041476.8987 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-08T19:04:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-08T13:34:01Z", "ms": 1849354441454.5813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 157, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-09T16:26:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T10:56:53Z", "ms": 1849431413158.8428 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-09T19:03:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-09T13:33:20Z", "ms": 1849440800019.8635 } }, "covered_min": 156, "window_min": 156, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug to 22:56 on Wed 9 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-08T15:00:10Z → 2028-08-09T17:26:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:27–19:04 on the 8th, 16:27–19:03 on the 9th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 157 minutes on the 8th and 156 of 156 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5168 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Bahulā Caturthī 2028 falls on Wednesday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 20:30 on Tue 8 Aug to 22:56 on Wed 9 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-11T01:13:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-10T19:43:35Z", "ms": 1849549414994.7075 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-12T03:12:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T21:42:33Z", "ms": 1849642952788.9062 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-11T01:13:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-10T19:43:35Z", "ms": 1849549414994.7075 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-12T03:12:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T21:42:33Z", "ms": 1849642952788.9062 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-11T12:07:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T06:37:54Z", "ms": 1849588673906.1467 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-11T12:55:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T07:25:54Z", "ms": 1849591553906.1467 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-12T12:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T06:37:44Z", "ms": 1849675063606.3716 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-12T12:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T07:25:44Z", "ms": 1849677943606.3716 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:14 on Fri 11 Aug to 03:13 on Sat 12 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-10T19:43:35Z → 2028-08-11T21:42:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 11th, 12:08–12:56 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2028 falls on Friday 11 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:14 on Fri 11 Aug to 03:13 on Sat 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-12T03:12:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T21:42:33Z", "ms": 1849642952788.9062 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-13T04:43:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T23:13:19Z", "ms": 1849734798659.878 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-12T03:12:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-11T21:42:33Z", "ms": 1849642952788.9062 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-13T04:43:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T23:13:19Z", "ms": 1849734798659.878 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-12T12:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T06:37:44Z", "ms": 1849675063606.3716 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-12T12:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T07:25:44Z", "ms": 1849677943606.3716 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-13T12:07:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-13T06:37:33Z", "ms": 1849761452773.0737 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-13T12:55:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-13T07:25:33Z", "ms": 1849764332773.0737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 03:13 on Sat 12 Aug to 04:43 on Sun 13 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-11T21:42:33Z → 2028-08-12T23:13:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 12th, 12:08–12:56 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śītalā Saptamī 2028 falls on Saturday 12 August. Saptamī runs from 03:13 on Sat 12 Aug to 04:43 on Sun 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13643, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-13T04:43:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T23:13:19Z", "ms": 1849734798659.878 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-14T05:37:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-14T00:07:13Z", "ms": 1849824432938.08 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-13T04:43:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T23:13:19Z", "ms": 1849734798659.878 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-14T05:37:13+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-14T00:07:13Z", "ms": 1849824432938.08 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-13T00:07:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T18:37:55Z", "ms": 1849718275275.3643 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-13T00:55:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-12T19:25:55Z", "ms": 1849721155275.3643 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-14T00:07:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-13T18:37:44Z", "ms": 1849804664338.5017 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-14T00:55:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-13T19:25:44Z", "ms": 1849807544338.5017 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:43 on Sun 13 Aug to 05:37 on Mon 14 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-12T23:13:19Z → 2028-08-14T00:07:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 12th, 00:08–00:56 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13643 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Janmāṣṭamī (Krishna Janmashtami) 2028 falls on Sunday 13 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:43 on Sun 13 Aug to 05:37 on Mon 14 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3108, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-16T05:12:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-15T23:42:01Z", "ms": 1849995720726.2737 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-17T03:49:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-16T22:19:38Z", "ms": 1850077178086.5547 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-16T05:12:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-15T23:42:01Z", "ms": 1849995720726.2737 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-17T03:49:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-16T22:19:38Z", "ms": 1850077178086.5547 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-16T06:03:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-16T00:33:49Z", "ms": 1849998829057.792 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-16T06:03:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-16T00:33:49Z", "ms": 1849998829057.792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-17T06:04:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T00:34:12Z", "ms": 1850085251557.3525 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-17T06:04:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T00:34:12Z", "ms": 1850085251557.3525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:12 on Wed 16 Aug to 03:50 on Thu 17 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-15T23:42:01Z → 2028-08-16T22:19:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 16th and 06:04 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3108 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ajā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Wednesday 16 August. Ekādaśī runs from 05:12 on Wed 16 Aug to 03:50 on Thu 17 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-08-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9303, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T01:43:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T20:13:55Z", "ms": 1850156035079.329 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T01:43:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T20:13:55Z", "ms": 1850156035079.329 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-17T18:57:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T13:27:17Z", "ms": 1850131637034.2942 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-17T20:26:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-17T14:56:15Z", "ms": 1850136975275.331 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T18:56:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T13:26:28Z", "ms": 1850217988030.5276 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-18T20:25:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T14:55:36Z", "ms": 1850223335747.645 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:44 on Fri 18 Aug to 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-17T20:13:55Z → 2028-08-18T17:30:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:26 on the 17th, 18:56–20:26 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 17th and 89 of 89 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9303 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Friday 18 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:44 on Fri 18 Aug to 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-08-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3963, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T19:47:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T14:17:35Z", "ms": 1850307454665.3516 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T19:47:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T14:17:35Z", "ms": 1850307454665.3516 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-19T00:06:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T18:36:42Z", "ms": 1850236601969.7183 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T00:54:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T19:24:42Z", "ms": 1850239481969.7183 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-20T00:06:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T18:36:28Z", "ms": 1850322988020.0884 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-20T00:54:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T19:24:28Z", "ms": 1850325868020.0884 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug to 19:48 on Sat 19 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z → 2028-08-19T14:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:07–00:55 on the 18th, 00:06–00:54 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3963 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Friday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug to 19:48 on Sat 19 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2241, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T19:47:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T14:17:35Z", "ms": 1850307454665.3516 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T23:00:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z", "ms": 1850232638604.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T19:47:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T14:17:35Z", "ms": 1850307454665.3516 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-18T18:56:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T13:26:28Z", "ms": 1850217988030.5276 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-18T20:25:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-18T14:55:36Z", "ms": 1850223335747.645 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-19T18:55:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T13:25:38Z", "ms": 1850304338285.686 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-19T20:24:56+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-19T14:54:56Z", "ms": 1850309695548.1934 } }, "covered_min": 52, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug to 19:48 on Sat 19 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-18T17:30:39Z → 2028-08-19T14:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:26 on the 18th, 18:56–20:25 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 18th and 52 of 89 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2241 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Aghora Caturdaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 19 August. Caturdaśī runs from 23:01 on Fri 18 Aug to 19:48 on Sat 19 Aug and covers 52 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1421, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-20T16:13:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-20T10:43:52Z", "ms": 1850381031743.9124 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-21T12:29:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-21T06:59:29Z", "ms": 1850453969014.398 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-20T16:13:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-20T10:43:52Z", "ms": 1850381031743.9124 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-21T12:29:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-21T06:59:29Z", "ms": 1850453969014.398 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-20T12:06:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-20T06:36:03Z", "ms": 1850366162786.1804 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-20T12:54:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-20T07:24:03Z", "ms": 1850369042786.1804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-21T12:05:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-21T06:35:48Z", "ms": 1850452548010.1772 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-21T12:53:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-21T07:23:48Z", "ms": 1850455428010.1772 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:14 on Sun 20 Aug to 12:29 on Mon 21 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-20T10:43:52Z → 2028-08-21T06:59:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 20th, 12:06–12:54 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 24 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1421 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rudra Vrata 2028 falls on Monday 21 August. Pratipadā runs from 16:14 on Sun 20 Aug to 12:29 on Mon 21 Aug and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-08-22T08:44:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T03:14:49Z", "ms": 1850526889260.8843 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-23T05:10:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T23:40:14Z", "ms": 1850600414065.5842 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-22T08:44:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T03:14:49Z", "ms": 1850526889260.8843 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-23T05:10:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T23:40:14Z", "ms": 1850600414065.5842 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-22T12:05:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T06:35:33Z", "ms": 1850538932776.9058 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-22T12:53:33+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T07:23:33Z", "ms": 1850541812776.9058 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-23T12:05:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T06:35:17Z", "ms": 1850625317094.9155 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-23T12:53:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T07:23:17Z", "ms": 1850628197094.9155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 22 Aug to 05:10 on Wed 23 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-22T03:14:49Z → 2028-08-22T23:40:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 22nd, 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2028 falls on Tuesday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 22 Aug to 05:10 on Wed 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24903, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-23T05:10:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T23:40:14Z", "ms": 1850600414065.5842 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T01:55:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T20:25:38Z", "ms": 1850675137969.7698 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-23T05:10:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-22T23:40:14Z", "ms": 1850600414065.5842 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T01:55:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T20:25:38Z", "ms": 1850675137969.7698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-23T12:05:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T06:35:17Z", "ms": 1850625317094.9155 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-23T12:53:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T07:23:17Z", "ms": 1850628197094.9155 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:05:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T06:35:01Z", "ms": 1850711700974.0862 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T07:23:01Z", "ms": 1850714580974.0862 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Wed 23 Aug to 01:56 on Thu 24 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-22T23:40:14Z → 2028-08-23T20:25:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24903 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2028 falls on Wednesday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 05:10 on Wed 23 Aug to 01:56 on Thu 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36563, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T01:55:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T20:25:38Z", "ms": 1850675137969.7698 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T23:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T17:39:59Z", "ms": 1850751598745.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T01:55:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-23T20:25:38Z", "ms": 1850675137969.7698 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T23:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T17:39:59Z", "ms": 1850751598745.621 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:05:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T06:35:01Z", "ms": 1850711700974.0862 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T07:23:01Z", "ms": 1850714580974.0862 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:04:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T06:34:44Z", "ms": 1850798084425.8184 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:52:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T07:22:44Z", "ms": 1850800964425.8184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 01:56 on Thu 24 Aug to 23:10 on Thu 24 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-23T20:25:38Z → 2028-08-24T17:39:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 24th, 12:05–12:53 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 36563 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2028 falls on Thursday 24 August. Pañcamī runs from 01:56 on Thu 24 Aug to 23:10 on Thu 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29278, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T23:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T17:39:59Z", "ms": 1850751598745.621 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-25T21:00:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T15:30:43Z", "ms": 1850830242749.2458 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T23:09:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T17:39:59Z", "ms": 1850751598745.621 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-25T21:00:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T15:30:43Z", "ms": 1850830242749.2458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:05:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T06:35:01Z", "ms": 1850711700974.0862 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-24T12:53:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-24T07:23:01Z", "ms": 1850714580974.0862 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:04:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T06:34:44Z", "ms": 1850798084425.8184 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:52:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T07:22:44Z", "ms": 1850800964425.8184 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:10 on Thu 24 Aug to 21:01 on Fri 25 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-24T17:39:59Z → 2028-08-25T15:30:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 24th, 12:05–12:53 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29278 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Ujjain, 2028: Friday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2028 falls on Friday 25 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:10 on Thu 24 Aug to 21:01 on Fri 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-25T21:00:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T15:30:43Z", "ms": 1850830242749.2458 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-26T19:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T14:03:08Z", "ms": 1850911387654.4358 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-25T21:00:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T15:30:43Z", "ms": 1850830242749.2458 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-26T19:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T14:03:08Z", "ms": 1850911387654.4358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:04:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T06:34:44Z", "ms": 1850798084425.8184 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-25T12:52:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-25T07:22:44Z", "ms": 1850800964425.8184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-26T12:04:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T06:34:27Z", "ms": 1850884467463.0251 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-26T12:52:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T07:22:27Z", "ms": 1850887347463.0251 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:01 on Fri 25 Aug to 19:33 on Sat 26 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-25T15:30:43Z → 2028-08-26T14:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 25th, 12:04–12:52 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2028 falls on Saturday 26 August. Saptamī runs from 21:01 on Fri 25 Aug to 19:33 on Sat 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-26T19:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T14:03:08Z", "ms": 1850911387654.4358 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-27T18:49:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-27T13:19:49Z", "ms": 1850995189216.8254 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-26T19:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T14:03:08Z", "ms": 1850911387654.4358 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-27T18:49:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-27T13:19:49Z", "ms": 1850995189216.8254 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-26T12:04:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T06:34:27Z", "ms": 1850884467463.0251 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-26T12:52:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-26T07:22:27Z", "ms": 1850887347463.0251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-27T12:04:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-27T06:34:10Z", "ms": 1850970850100.0122 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-27T12:52:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-27T07:22:10Z", "ms": 1850973730100.0122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:33 on Sat 26 Aug to 18:50 on Sun 27 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-26T14:03:08Z → 2028-08-27T13:19:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 26th, 12:04–12:52 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rādhāṣṭamī 2028 falls on Sunday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:33 on Sat 26 Aug to 18:50 on Sun 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-29T19:31:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-29T14:01:27Z", "ms": 1851170486773.697 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-30T20:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T15:17:22Z", "ms": 1851261441617.9077 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-29T19:31:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-29T14:01:27Z", "ms": 1851170486773.697 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-30T20:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T15:17:22Z", "ms": 1851261441617.9077 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-30T06:08:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T00:38:44Z", "ms": 1851208723883.079 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-30T06:08:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T00:38:44Z", "ms": 1851208723883.079 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-31T06:09:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T00:39:03Z", "ms": 1851295143354.7778 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-31T06:09:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T00:39:03Z", "ms": 1851295143354.7778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:31 on Tue 29 Aug to 20:47 on Wed 30 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-29T14:01:27Z → 2028-08-30T15:17:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:09 on the 30th and 06:09 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Wednesday 30 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:31 on Tue 29 Aug to 20:47 on Wed 30 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-30T20:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T15:17:22Z", "ms": 1851261441617.9077 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-31T22:31:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T17:01:03Z", "ms": 1851354062574.5889 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-30T20:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T15:17:22Z", "ms": 1851261441617.9077 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-31T22:31:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T17:01:03Z", "ms": 1851354062574.5889 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-30T12:03:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T06:33:16Z", "ms": 1851229995770.1377 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-30T12:51:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-30T07:21:16Z", "ms": 1851232875770.1377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-31T12:02:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T06:32:57Z", "ms": 1851316376971.4272 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-31T12:50:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T07:20:57Z", "ms": 1851319256971.4272 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:47 on Wed 30 Aug to 22:31 on Thu 31 Aug.", "fact": "2028-08-30T15:17:22Z → 2028-08-31T17:01:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 30th, 12:03–12:51 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vāmana Jayantī 2028 falls on Thursday 31 August. Dvādaśī runs from 20:47 on Wed 30 Aug to 22:31 on Thu 31 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8096, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-08-31T22:31:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T17:01:03Z", "ms": 1851354062574.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-02T00:35:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T19:05:05Z", "ms": 1851447905379.1118 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-08-31T22:31:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T17:01:03Z", "ms": 1851354062574.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-02T00:35:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T19:05:05Z", "ms": 1851447905379.1118 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-08-31T18:44:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T13:14:51Z", "ms": 1851340490588.0767 }, "end": { "local": "2028-08-31T20:16:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-08-31T14:46:07Z", "ms": 1851345966863.6663 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-01T18:43:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T13:13:53Z", "ms": 1851426833063.6177 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-01T20:15:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T14:45:20Z", "ms": 1851432319561.322 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:31 on Thu 31 Aug to 00:35 on Sat 2 Sep.", "fact": "2028-08-31T17:01:03Z → 2028-09-01T19:05:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:16 on the 31st, 18:44–20:15 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 91 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8096 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Friday 1 September. Trayodaśī runs from 22:31 on Thu 31 Aug to 00:35 on Sat 2 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11845, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-02T00:35:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T19:05:05Z", "ms": 1851447905379.1118 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-03T02:52:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-02T21:22:36Z", "ms": 1851542556287.234 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-02T00:35:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-01T19:05:05Z", "ms": 1851447905379.1118 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-03T02:52:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-02T21:22:36Z", "ms": 1851542556287.234 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-02T06:09:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-02T00:39:42Z", "ms": 1851467981796.4006 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-02T08:40:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-02T03:10:20Z", "ms": 1851477020459.1377 } }, "covered_min": 151, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-03T06:10:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-03T00:40:01Z", "ms": 1851554400792.3975 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-03T08:40:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-03T03:10:24Z", "ms": 1851563423984.7205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:35 on Sat 2 Sep to 02:53 on Sun 3 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-01T19:05:05Z → 2028-09-02T21:22:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:10–08:40 on the 2nd, 06:10–08:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 151 of 151 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 150 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11845 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ananta Caturdaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 2 September. Caturdaśī runs from 00:35 on Sat 2 Sep to 02:53 on Sun 3 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-09-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23157, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-07T12:26:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-07T06:56:50Z", "ms": 1851922610026.88 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-08T14:30:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-08T09:00:30Z", "ms": 1852016430080 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-07T12:26:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-07T06:56:50Z", "ms": 1851922610026.88 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-08T14:30:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-08T09:00:30Z", "ms": 1852016430080 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-07T20:19:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-07T14:49:57Z", "ms": 1851950996603.5776 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-07T20:19:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-07T14:49:57Z", "ms": 1851950996603.5776 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-08T20:56:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-08T15:26:27Z", "ms": 1852039587346.3906 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-08T20:56:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-08T15:26:27Z", "ms": 1852039587346.3906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:27 on Thu 7 Sep to 14:31 on Fri 8 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-07T06:56:50Z → 2028-09-08T09:00:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:20 on the 7th and 20:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23157 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Thursday 7 September. Caturthī runs from 12:27 on Thu 7 Sep to 14:31 on Fri 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-09-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17599, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-09T16:13:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-09T10:43:53Z", "ms": 1852109032878.516 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-10T17:29:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-10T11:59:35Z", "ms": 1852199974687.5906 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-09T16:13:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-09T10:43:53Z", "ms": 1852109032878.516 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-10T17:29:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-10T11:59:35Z", "ms": 1852199974687.5906 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-09T21:37:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-09T16:07:07Z", "ms": 1852128427112.04 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-09T21:37:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-09T16:07:07Z", "ms": 1852128427112.04 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-10T22:22:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-10T16:52:54Z", "ms": 1852217573904.4465 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-10T22:22:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-10T16:52:54Z", "ms": 1852217573904.4465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:14 on Sat 9 Sep to 17:30 on Sun 10 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-09T10:43:53Z → 2028-09-10T11:59:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:37 on the 9th and 22:23 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17599 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2028 falls on Saturday 9 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:14 on Sat 9 Sep to 17:30 on Sun 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T18:10:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z", "ms": 1852288823534.4314 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-12T18:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T12:40:22Z", "ms": 1852375222243.9053 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T18:10:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z", "ms": 1852288823534.4314 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-12T18:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T12:40:22Z", "ms": 1852375222243.9053 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T18:33:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T13:03:59Z", "ms": 1852290238638.5762 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-11T20:07:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T14:37:09Z", "ms": 1852295829170.962 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-12T18:32:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T13:02:58Z", "ms": 1852376577869.8823 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-12T20:06:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T14:36:19Z", "ms": 1852382178952.0918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:10 on Mon 11 Sep to 18:10 on Tue 12 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z → 2028-09-12T12:40:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:07 on the 11th, 18:33–20:06 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 93 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2028 falls on Monday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:10 on Mon 11 Sep to 18:10 on Tue 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18237, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T18:10:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z", "ms": 1852288823534.4314 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-12T18:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T12:40:22Z", "ms": 1852375222243.9053 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T18:10:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z", "ms": 1852288823534.4314 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-12T18:10:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T12:40:22Z", "ms": 1852375222243.9053 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-11T23:14:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T17:44:21Z", "ms": 1852307060850.8298 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-11T23:14:21+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-11T17:44:21Z", "ms": 1852307060850.8298 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-13T00:11:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T18:41:17Z", "ms": 1852396876536.5256 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-13T00:11:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-12T18:41:17Z", "ms": 1852396876536.5256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:10 on Mon 11 Sep to 18:10 on Tue 12 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-11T12:40:24Z → 2028-09-12T12:40:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:14 on the 11th and 00:11 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18237 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2028 falls on Monday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:10 on Mon 11 Sep to 18:10 on Tue 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-09-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26946, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-14T15:55:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-14T10:25:52Z", "ms": 1852539951662.054 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-15T13:42:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-15T08:12:49Z", "ms": 1852618368823.6904 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-14T15:55:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-14T10:25:52Z", "ms": 1852539951662.054 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-15T13:42:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-15T08:12:49Z", "ms": 1852618368823.6904 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-14T06:13:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-14T00:43:24Z", "ms": 1852505004357.8906 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-14T06:13:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-14T00:43:24Z", "ms": 1852505004357.8906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-15T06:13:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-15T00:43:43Z", "ms": 1852591422758.4746 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-15T06:13:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-15T00:43:43Z", "ms": 1852591422758.4746 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:56 on Thu 14 Sep to 13:43 on Fri 15 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-14T10:25:52Z → 2028-09-15T08:12:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 14th and 06:14 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26946 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Indirā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Friday 15 September. Ekādaśī runs from 15:56 on Thu 14 Sep to 13:43 on Fri 15 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27427, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-16T10:51:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T05:21:46Z", "ms": 1852694506247.3606 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-17T07:30:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T02:00:12Z", "ms": 1852768812449.547 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-16T10:51:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T05:21:46Z", "ms": 1852694506247.3606 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-17T07:30:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T02:00:12Z", "ms": 1852768812449.547 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-16T18:28:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T12:58:54Z", "ms": 1852721933708.6208 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-16T20:02:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T14:32:57Z", "ms": 1852727577173.1653 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-17T18:27:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T12:57:53Z", "ms": 1852808272520.0762 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-17T20:02:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T14:32:07Z", "ms": 1852813926616.9526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Sat 16 Sep to 07:30 on Sun 17 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-16T05:21:46Z → 2028-09-17T02:00:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:03 on the 16th, 18:28–20:02 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 94 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27427 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Saturday 16 September. Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Sat 16 Sep to 07:30 on Sun 17 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-09-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10927, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-17T07:30:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T02:00:12Z", "ms": 1852768812449.547 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T03:47:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T22:17:23Z", "ms": 1852841842799.241 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-17T07:30:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T02:00:12Z", "ms": 1852768812449.547 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T03:47:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T22:17:23Z", "ms": 1852841842799.241 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-16T23:57:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T18:27:37Z", "ms": 1852741656700.6626 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-17T00:45:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-16T19:15:37Z", "ms": 1852744536700.6626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-17T23:57:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T18:27:15Z", "ms": 1852828035383.3633 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T00:45:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T19:15:15Z", "ms": 1852830915383.3633 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:30 on Sun 17 Sep to 03:47 on Mon 18 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-17T02:00:12Z → 2028-09-17T22:17:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 16th, 23:57–00:45 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Sunday 17 September. Caturdaśī runs from 07:30 on Sun 17 Sep to 03:47 on Mon 18 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T03:47:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T22:17:23Z", "ms": 1852841842799.241 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T23:53:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T18:23:46Z", "ms": 1852914225689.161 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T03:47:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T22:17:23Z", "ms": 1852841842799.241 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T23:53:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T18:23:46Z", "ms": 1852914225689.161 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-17T13:34:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T08:04:27Z", "ms": 1852790667389.1274 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-17T16:01:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-17T10:31:10Z", "ms": 1852799469954.6018 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T13:33:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T08:03:58Z", "ms": 1852877038089.6594 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T16:00:25+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T10:30:25Z", "ms": 1852885824703.9956 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 03:47 on Mon 18 Sep to 23:54 on Mon 18 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-17T22:17:23Z → 2028-09-18T18:23:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:34–16:01 on the 17th, 13:34–16:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 147 minutes on the 17th and 146 of 146 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā (Mahalaya) 2028 falls on Monday 18 September. Amāvasyā runs from 03:47 on Mon 18 Sep to 23:54 on Mon 18 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26169, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T23:53:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T18:23:46Z", "ms": 1852914225689.161 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-19T20:00:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-19T14:30:32Z", "ms": 1852986632094.281 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T23:53:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T18:23:46Z", "ms": 1852914225689.161 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-19T20:00:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-19T14:30:32Z", "ms": 1852986632094.281 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-18T11:56:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T06:26:45Z", "ms": 1852871204782.4912 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-18T12:44:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-18T07:14:45Z", "ms": 1852874084782.4912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-19T11:56:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-19T06:26:23Z", "ms": 1852957583497.9019 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-19T12:44:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-19T07:14:23Z", "ms": 1852960463497.9019 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:54 on Mon 18 Sep to 20:01 on Tue 19 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-18T18:23:46Z → 2028-09-19T14:30:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 18th, 11:56–12:44 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26169 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2028 falls on Tuesday 19 September. Pratipadā runs from 23:54 on Mon 18 Sep to 20:01 on Tue 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-09-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-21T13:00:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-21T07:30:40Z", "ms": 1853134240197.2595 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-22T10:15:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-22T04:45:29Z", "ms": 1853210728893.0928 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-21T13:00:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-21T07:30:40Z", "ms": 1853134240197.2595 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-22T10:15:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-22T04:45:29Z", "ms": 1853210728893.0928 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-21T11:55:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-21T06:25:41Z", "ms": 1853130341107.628 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-21T12:43:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-21T07:13:41Z", "ms": 1853133221107.628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-22T11:55:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-22T06:25:20Z", "ms": 1853216720033.6616 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-22T12:43:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-22T07:13:20Z", "ms": 1853219600033.6616 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:01 on Thu 21 Sep to 10:15 on Fri 22 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-21T07:30:40Z → 2028-09-22T04:45:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 21st, 11:55–12:43 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Friday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 13:01 on Thu 21 Sep to 10:15 on Fri 22 Sep, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 458, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-24T06:57:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-24T01:27:11Z", "ms": 1853371630507.87 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-25T06:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T01:03:08Z", "ms": 1853456587595.165 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-24T06:57:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-24T01:27:11Z", "ms": 1853371630507.87 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-25T06:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T01:03:08Z", "ms": 1853456587595.165 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-24T06:16:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-24T00:46:31Z", "ms": 1853369191368.53 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-24T07:04:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-24T01:34:48Z", "ms": 1853372088281.3003 } }, "covered_min": 8, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-25T06:16:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T00:46:51Z", "ms": 1853455610619.6384 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-25T07:05:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T01:35:02Z", "ms": 1853458502204.5598 } }, "covered_min": 16, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:57 on Sun 24 Sep to 06:33 on Mon 25 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-24T01:27:11Z → 2028-09-25T01:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:17–07:05 on the 24th, 06:17–07:05 on the 25th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 8 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 16 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 458 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Durgā Saptamī 2028 falls on Sunday 24 September. Saptamī runs from 06:57 on Sun 24 Sep to 06:33 on Mon 25 Sep, and reaches the first muhūrta after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-25T06:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T01:03:08Z", "ms": 1853456587595.165 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-26T06:58:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T01:28:57Z", "ms": 1853544537402.1396 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-25T06:33:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T01:03:08Z", "ms": 1853456587595.165 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-26T06:58:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T01:28:57Z", "ms": 1853544537402.1396 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-25T11:54:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T06:24:18Z", "ms": 1853475857506.5483 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-25T12:42:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-25T07:12:18Z", "ms": 1853478737506.5483 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-26T11:53:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T06:23:57Z", "ms": 1853562236960.0383 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-26T12:41:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T07:11:57Z", "ms": 1853565116960.0383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:33 on Mon 25 Sep to 06:59 on Tue 26 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-25T01:03:08Z → 2028-09-26T01:28:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 25th, 11:54–12:42 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2028 falls on Monday 25 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:33 on Mon 25 Sep to 06:59 on Tue 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-26T06:58:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T01:28:57Z", "ms": 1853544537402.1396 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-27T08:09:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T02:39:26Z", "ms": 1853635166302.331 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-26T06:58:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T01:28:57Z", "ms": 1853544537402.1396 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-27T08:09:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T02:39:26Z", "ms": 1853635166302.331 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-26T11:53:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T06:23:57Z", "ms": 1853562236960.0383 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-26T12:41:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-26T07:11:57Z", "ms": 1853565116960.0383 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-27T11:53:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T06:23:37Z", "ms": 1853648616595.6934 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-27T12:41:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T07:11:37Z", "ms": 1853651496595.6934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 06:59 on Tue 26 Sep to 08:09 on Wed 27 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-26T01:28:57Z → 2028-09-27T02:39:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 26th, 11:54–12:42 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mahānavamī 2028 falls on Tuesday 26 September. Navamī runs from 06:59 on Tue 26 Sep to 08:09 on Wed 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-27T08:09:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T02:39:26Z", "ms": 1853635166302.331 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-28T09:55:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T04:25:57Z", "ms": 1853727956866.128 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T07:18:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T01:48:29Z", "ms": 1853718509306.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-28T09:55:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T04:25:57Z", "ms": 1853727956866.128 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T07:18:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T01:48:29Z", "ms": 1853718509306.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-29T10:00:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-29T04:30:08Z", "ms": 1853814607768.3853 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-27T06:17:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T00:47:30Z", "ms": 1853628449580.0986 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-27T18:17:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-27T12:47:44Z", "ms": 1853671663611.288 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 720, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T06:17:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T00:47:49Z", "ms": 1853714869320.4116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-28T18:16:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T12:46:44Z", "ms": 1853758003549.5815 } }, "covered_min": 157, "window_min": 719, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 08:09 on Wed 27 Sep to 09:56 on Thu 28 Sep, and Śravaṇa from 07:18 on Thu 28 Sep to 10:00 on Fri 29 Sep. They are together from 07:18 on Thu 28 Sep to 09:56 on Thu 28 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-28T01:48:29Z → 2028-09-28T04:25:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:17–18:18 on the 27th, 06:18–18:17 on the 28th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 720 minutes on the 27th and 157 of 719 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2028 falls on Thursday 28 September. Daśamī runs from 08:09 on Wed 27 Sep to 09:56 on Thu 28 Sep and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 157 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-09-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T09:55:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T04:25:57Z", "ms": 1853727956866.128 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-29T12:07:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-29T06:37:52Z", "ms": 1853822271978.505 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T09:55:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T04:25:57Z", "ms": 1853727956866.128 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-29T12:07:52+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-29T06:37:52Z", "ms": 1853822271978.505 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-28T06:17:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T00:47:49Z", "ms": 1853714869320.4116 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-28T06:17:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-28T00:47:49Z", "ms": 1853714869320.4116 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-29T06:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-29T00:48:09Z", "ms": 1853801289255.7664 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-29T06:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-29T00:48:09Z", "ms": 1853801289255.7664 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:56 on Thu 28 Sep to 12:08 on Fri 29 Sep.", "fact": "2028-09-28T04:25:57Z → 2028-09-29T06:37:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 28th and 06:18 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Friday 29 September. Ekādaśī runs from 09:56 on Thu 28 Sep to 12:08 on Fri 29 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4087, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-09-30T14:34:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-30T09:04:19Z", "ms": 1853917458576.4697 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-01T17:05:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-01T11:35:38Z", "ms": 1854012938182.9495 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-09-30T14:34:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-30T09:04:19Z", "ms": 1853917458576.4697 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-01T17:05:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-01T11:35:38Z", "ms": 1854012938182.9495 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-09-30T18:14:44+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-30T12:44:44Z", "ms": 1853930684222.2869 }, "end": { "local": "2028-09-30T19:51:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-09-30T14:21:17Z", "ms": 1853936476963.1887 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-01T18:13:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-01T12:43:45Z", "ms": 1854017025012.5159 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-01T19:50:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-01T14:20:28Z", "ms": 1854022828397.6985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:34 on Sat 30 Sep to 17:06 on Sun 1 Oct.", "fact": "2028-09-30T09:04:19Z → 2028-10-01T11:35:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:15–19:51 on the 30th, 18:14–19:50 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 97 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4087 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Saturday 30 September. Trayodaśī runs from 14:34 on Sat 30 Sep to 17:06 on Sun 1 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28708, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T03:35:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z", "ms": 1854482734413.1204 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-08T04:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T23:21:38Z", "ms": 1854573697990.7356 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T03:35:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z", "ms": 1854482734413.1204 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-08T04:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T23:21:38Z", "ms": 1854573697990.7356 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-06T19:37:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T14:07:06Z", "ms": 1854454026162.0369 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-06T19:37:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T14:07:06Z", "ms": 1854454026162.0369 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T20:21:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T14:51:11Z", "ms": 1854543070945.5693 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-07T20:21:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T14:51:11Z", "ms": 1854543070945.5693 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:36 on Sat 7 Oct to 04:52 on Sun 8 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z → 2028-10-07T23:21:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:37 on the 6th and 20:21 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28708 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2028 falls on Saturday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 03:36 on Sat 7 Oct to 04:52 on Sun 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-10-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28708, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T03:35:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z", "ms": 1854482734413.1204 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-08T04:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T23:21:38Z", "ms": 1854573697990.7356 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T03:35:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z", "ms": 1854482734413.1204 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-08T04:51:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T23:21:38Z", "ms": 1854573697990.7356 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-06T19:37:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T14:07:06Z", "ms": 1854454026162.0369 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-06T19:37:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-06T14:07:06Z", "ms": 1854454026162.0369 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-07T20:21:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T14:51:11Z", "ms": 1854543070945.5693 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-07T20:21:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-07T14:51:11Z", "ms": 1854543070945.5693 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:36 on Sat 7 Oct to 04:52 on Sun 8 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-06T22:05:34Z → 2028-10-07T23:21:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:37 on the 6th and 20:21 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28708 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Saturday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 03:36 on Sat 7 Oct to 04:52 on Sun 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-11T05:48:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T00:18:17Z", "ms": 1854836296629.1914 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-12T04:55:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T23:25:39Z", "ms": 1854919538883.109 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-11T05:48:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T00:18:17Z", "ms": 1854836296629.1914 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-12T04:55:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T23:25:39Z", "ms": 1854919538883.109 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-10T23:02:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-10T17:32:49Z", "ms": 1854811968719.5483 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-10T23:02:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-10T17:32:49Z", "ms": 1854811968719.5483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-12T00:03:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T18:33:50Z", "ms": 1854902029507.1401 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-12T00:03:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-11T18:33:50Z", "ms": 1854902029507.1401 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:48 on Wed 11 Oct to 04:56 on Thu 12 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-11T00:18:17Z → 2028-10-11T23:25:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:03 on the 10th and 00:04 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī (Ahoi Ashtami) 2028 falls on Wednesday 11 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:48 on Wed 11 Oct to 04:56 on Thu 12 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-10-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18623, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T01:13:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-13T19:43:20Z", "ms": 1855078999959.5427 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-14T22:29:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T16:59:00Z", "ms": 1855155540015.4165 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T01:13:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-13T19:43:20Z", "ms": 1855078999959.5427 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-14T22:29:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T16:59:00Z", "ms": 1855155540015.4165 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T06:23:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T00:53:43Z", "ms": 1855097623174.1672 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-14T06:23:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T00:53:43Z", "ms": 1855097623174.1672 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T06:24:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T00:54:08Z", "ms": 1855184048454.8398 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T06:24:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T00:54:08Z", "ms": 1855184048454.8398 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:13 on Sat 14 Oct to 22:29 on Sat 14 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-13T19:43:20Z → 2028-10-14T16:59:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 14th and 06:24 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18623 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Ramā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 14 October. Ekādaśī runs from 01:13 on Sat 14 Oct to 22:29 on Sat 14 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T22:29:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T16:59:00Z", "ms": 1855155540015.4165 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T22:29:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T16:59:00Z", "ms": 1855155540015.4165 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-14T18:01:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T12:31:37Z", "ms": 1855139496689.4138 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-14T19:40:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-14T14:10:37Z", "ms": 1855145436924.804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T18:00:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T12:30:45Z", "ms": 1855225844842.0889 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:39:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T14:09:55Z", "ms": 1855231795420.0002 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:29 on Sat 14 Oct to 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-14T16:59:00Z → 2028-10-15T13:47:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:41 on the 14th, 18:01–19:40 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 76 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2028 falls on Sunday 15 October. Dvādaśī runs from 22:29 on Sat 14 Oct to 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct and covers 76 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T18:00:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T12:30:45Z", "ms": 1855225844842.0889 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:39:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T14:09:55Z", "ms": 1855231795420.0002 } }, "covered_min": 23, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T17:59:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T12:29:54Z", "ms": 1855312193724.275 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T19:39:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T14:09:15Z", "ms": 1855318154606.8474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct to 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z → 2028-10-16T10:15:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:01–19:40 on the 15th, 18:00–19:39 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 23 of 99 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 99 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Yama Dīpadāna 2028 falls on Sunday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct to 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct and covers 23 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:17:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z", "ms": 1855230421968.9543 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-15T18:00:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T12:30:45Z", "ms": 1855225844842.0889 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-15T19:39:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T14:09:55Z", "ms": 1855231795420.0002 } }, "covered_min": 23, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T17:59:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T12:29:54Z", "ms": 1855312193724.275 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T19:39:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T14:09:15Z", "ms": 1855318154606.8474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct to 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-15T13:47:02Z → 2028-10-16T10:15:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:01–19:40 on the 15th, 18:00–19:39 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 23 of 99 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 99 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Sunday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 19:17 on Sun 15 Oct to 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct and covers 23 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-10-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T23:48:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T18:18:27Z", "ms": 1855333107033.9219 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T00:36:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T19:06:27Z", "ms": 1855335987033.9219 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T23:48:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T18:18:15Z", "ms": 1855419495158.9375 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T00:36:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T19:06:15Z", "ms": 1855422375158.9375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct to 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z → 2028-10-17T06:35:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 16th, 23:48–00:36 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Monday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct to 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20432, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T15:45:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z", "ms": 1855304153900.033 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T04:45:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-15T23:15:24Z", "ms": 1855264523598.5137 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-16T06:24:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T00:54:34Z", "ms": 1855270474176.425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T04:45:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T23:15:39Z", "ms": 1855350939460.9966 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T06:25:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T00:55:00Z", "ms": 1855356900343.569 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct to 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-16T10:15:54Z → 2028-10-17T06:35:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:45–06:25 on the 16th, 04:46–06:25 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 16th and 99 of 99 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20432 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2028 falls on Tuesday 17 October. Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Mon 16 Oct to 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T17:59:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T12:29:03Z", "ms": 1855398543358.5088 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T19:38:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T14:08:35Z", "ms": 1855404514505.2898 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T17:58:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T12:28:14Z", "ms": 1855484893766.334 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T19:37:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T14:07:55Z", "ms": 1855490875134.2498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct to 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z → 2028-10-18T02:56:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:59–19:39 on the 17th, 17:58–19:38 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2028 falls on Tuesday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct to 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T12:05:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z", "ms": 1855377332002.3372 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-16T23:48:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T18:18:27Z", "ms": 1855333107033.9219 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T00:36:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-16T19:06:27Z", "ms": 1855335987033.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T23:48:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T18:18:15Z", "ms": 1855419495158.9375 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T00:36:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T19:06:15Z", "ms": 1855422375158.9375 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct to 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-17T06:35:32Z → 2028-10-18T02:56:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 16th, 23:48–00:36 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kālī Pūjā 2028 falls on Tuesday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 12:06 on Tue 17 Oct to 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12061, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T11:47:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T06:17:50Z", "ms": 1855462670362.85 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T12:35:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T07:05:50Z", "ms": 1855465550362.85 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-19T11:47:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T06:17:39Z", "ms": 1855549059497.2651 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T12:35:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T07:05:39Z", "ms": 1855551939497.2651 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z → 2028-10-18T23:31:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 18th, 11:48–12:36 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12061 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Govardhana Pūjā 2028 falls on Wednesday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33789, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-17T17:59:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T12:29:03Z", "ms": 1855398543358.5088 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-17T19:38:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-17T14:08:35Z", "ms": 1855404514505.2898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T17:58:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T12:28:14Z", "ms": 1855484893766.334 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T19:37:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T14:07:55Z", "ms": 1855490875134.2498 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z → 2028-10-18T23:31:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:59–19:39 on the 17th, 17:58–19:38 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33789 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Bali Pūjā 2028 falls on Wednesday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5090, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T08:26:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z", "ms": 1855450609126.0955 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-18T06:25:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T00:55:27Z", "ms": 1855443326959.3665 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-18T10:16:23+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T04:46:23Z", "ms": 1855457182561.689 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 231, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-19T06:25:54+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T00:55:54Z", "ms": 1855529754025.703 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T10:16:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T04:46:24Z", "ms": 1855543584340.0776 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 231, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-18T02:56:49Z → 2028-10-18T23:31:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:25–10:16 on the 18th, 06:26–10:16 on the 19th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 110 of 231 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 231 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5090 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Dyūta Pratipad 2028 falls on Wednesday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:27 on Wed 18 Oct to 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct and covers 110 of 231 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-20T01:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T20:29:28Z", "ms": 1855600167796.4036 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-19T05:01:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z", "ms": 1855524663904.2522 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-20T01:59:28+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T20:29:28Z", "ms": 1855600167796.4036 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-19T11:47:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T06:17:39Z", "ms": 1855549059497.2651 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-19T12:35:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-19T07:05:39Z", "ms": 1855551939497.2651 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T11:47:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T06:17:29Z", "ms": 1855635449265.4536 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-20T12:35:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T07:05:29Z", "ms": 1855638329265.4536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct to 01:59 on Fri 20 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-18T23:31:04Z → 2028-10-19T20:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 19th, 11:47–12:35 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2028 falls on Thursday 19 October. Dvitīyā runs from 05:01 on Thu 19 Oct to 01:59 on Fri 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T23:32:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1855677745846.0144 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T21:48:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T16:18:48Z", "ms": 1855757927532.9841 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T23:32:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1855677745846.0144 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T21:48:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T16:18:48Z", "ms": 1855757927532.9841 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T11:47:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T06:17:29Z", "ms": 1855635449265.4536 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-20T12:35:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T07:05:29Z", "ms": 1855638329265.4536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-21T11:47:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T06:17:20Z", "ms": 1855721839678.7515 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T12:35:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T07:05:20Z", "ms": 1855724719678.7515 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:32 on Fri 20 Oct to 21:49 on Sat 21 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z → 2028-10-21T16:18:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 20th, 11:47–12:35 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Nāga Caturthī 2028 falls on Saturday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 23:32 on Fri 20 Oct to 21:49 on Sat 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-10-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T23:32:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1855677745846.0144 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T21:48:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T16:18:48Z", "ms": 1855757927532.9841 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T23:32:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z", "ms": 1855677745846.0144 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T21:48:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T16:18:48Z", "ms": 1855757927532.9841 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-20T11:47:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T06:17:29Z", "ms": 1855635449265.4536 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-20T12:35:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-20T07:05:29Z", "ms": 1855638329265.4536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-21T11:47:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T06:17:20Z", "ms": 1855721839678.7515 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-21T12:35:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-21T07:05:20Z", "ms": 1855724719678.7515 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:32 on Fri 20 Oct to 21:49 on Sat 21 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-20T18:02:26Z → 2028-10-21T16:18:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 20th, 11:47–12:35 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Saturday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 23:32 on Fri 20 Oct to 21:49 on Sat 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-22T20:54:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-22T15:24:48Z", "ms": 1855841087589.1968 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-23T20:53:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-23T15:23:04Z", "ms": 1855927383600.6765 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-22T20:54:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-22T15:24:48Z", "ms": 1855841087589.1968 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-23T20:53:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-23T15:23:04Z", "ms": 1855927383600.6765 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-22T11:47:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-22T06:17:11Z", "ms": 1855808230748.974 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-22T12:35:11+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-22T07:05:11Z", "ms": 1855811110748.974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-23T11:47:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-23T06:17:02Z", "ms": 1855894622488.5293 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-23T12:35:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-23T07:05:02Z", "ms": 1855897502488.5293 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:55 on Sun 22 Oct to 20:53 on Mon 23 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-22T15:24:48Z → 2028-10-23T15:23:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 22nd, 11:47–12:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2028 falls on Monday 23 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:55 on Sun 22 Oct to 20:53 on Mon 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32812, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-24T21:41:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-24T16:11:46Z", "ms": 1856016706459.5286 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-24T21:41:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-24T16:11:46Z", "ms": 1856016706459.5286 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-24T11:46:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-24T06:16:55Z", "ms": 1855981014910.3633 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-24T12:34:55+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-24T07:04:55Z", "ms": 1855983894910.3633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-25T11:46:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T06:16:48Z", "ms": 1856067408027.815 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-25T12:34:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T07:04:48Z", "ms": 1856070288027.815 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:42 on Tue 24 Oct to 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-24T16:11:46Z → 2028-10-25T17:44:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 24th, 11:47–12:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32812 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Gopāṣṭamī 2028 falls on Wednesday 25 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:42 on Tue 24 Oct to 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18553, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T01:20:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T19:50:34Z", "ms": 1856202633949.419 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T01:20:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T19:50:34Z", "ms": 1856202633949.419 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-26T06:29:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T00:59:16Z", "ms": 1856134756212.593 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-26T10:16:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T04:46:53Z", "ms": 1856148413307.1582 } }, "covered_min": 228, "window_min": 228, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-27T06:29:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T00:59:47Z", "ms": 1856221186937.0747 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T10:17:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T04:47:00Z", "ms": 1856234819914.9316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 227, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct to 01:21 on Fri 27 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z → 2028-10-26T19:50:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:29–10:17 on the 26th, 06:30–10:17 on the 27th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 228 of 228 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 227 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18553 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2028 falls on Thursday 26 October. Navamī runs from 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct to 01:21 on Fri 27 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T01:20:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T19:50:34Z", "ms": 1856202633949.419 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-25T23:14:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z", "ms": 1856108666425.5454 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T01:20:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T19:50:34Z", "ms": 1856202633949.419 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-26T11:46:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T06:16:42Z", "ms": 1856153801854.441 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-26T12:34:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-26T07:04:42Z", "ms": 1856156681854.441 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-27T11:46:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T06:16:36Z", "ms": 1856240196403.8604 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-27T12:34:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T07:04:36Z", "ms": 1856243076403.8604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct to 01:21 on Fri 27 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-25T17:44:26Z → 2028-10-26T19:50:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 26th, 11:47–12:35 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Durgā Navamī 2028 falls on Thursday 26 October. Navamī runs from 23:14 on Wed 25 Oct to 01:21 on Fri 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-10-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-28T03:47:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T22:17:16Z", "ms": 1856297836119.0881 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-29T06:21:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-29T00:51:24Z", "ms": 1856393483890.0024 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-28T03:47:16+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-27T22:17:16Z", "ms": 1856297836119.0881 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-29T06:21:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-29T00:51:24Z", "ms": 1856393483890.0024 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-28T06:30:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-28T01:00:18Z", "ms": 1856307618128.7964 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-28T06:30:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-28T01:00:18Z", "ms": 1856307618128.7964 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-29T06:30:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-29T01:00:50Z", "ms": 1856394049789.7378 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-29T06:30:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-29T01:00:50Z", "ms": 1856394049789.7378 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:47 on Sat 28 Oct to 06:21 on Sun 29 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-27T22:17:16Z → 2028-10-29T00:51:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:30 on the 28th and 06:31 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Saturday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Saturday 28 October. Ekādaśī runs from 03:47 on Sat 28 Oct to 06:21 on Sun 29 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-10-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-10-30T08:51:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-30T03:21:29Z", "ms": 1856488889471.0103 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-31T11:08:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-31T05:38:59Z", "ms": 1856583539350.3296 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-10-30T08:51:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-30T03:21:29Z", "ms": 1856488889471.0103 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-31T11:08:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-31T05:38:59Z", "ms": 1856583539350.3296 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-30T17:49:27+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-30T12:19:27Z", "ms": 1856521167125.9365 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-30T19:31:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-30T14:01:07Z", "ms": 1856527266779.1624 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-10-31T17:48:50+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-31T12:18:50Z", "ms": 1856607529671.2124 }, "end": { "local": "2028-10-31T19:30:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-10-31T14:00:39Z", "ms": 1856613638728.5522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:51 on Mon 30 Oct to 11:09 on Tue 31 Oct.", "fact": "2028-10-30T03:21:29Z → 2028-10-31T05:38:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:49–19:31 on the 30th, 17:49–19:31 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 102 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Monday 30 October. Trayodaśī runs from 08:51 on Mon 30 Oct to 11:09 on Tue 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32355, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T13:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z", "ms": 1856677110805.2205 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T14:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T09:17:22Z", "ms": 1856769441906.0215 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T13:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z", "ms": 1856677110805.2205 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T14:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T09:17:22Z", "ms": 1856769441906.0215 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T23:46:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T18:16:37Z", "ms": 1856715397235.4976 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T00:34:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T19:04:37Z", "ms": 1856718277235.4976 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-02T23:46:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T18:16:37Z", "ms": 1856801796635.232 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-03T00:34:37+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T19:04:37Z", "ms": 1856804676635.232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:09 on Wed 1 Nov to 14:47 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z → 2028-11-02T09:17:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:47–00:35 on the 1st, 23:47–00:35 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32355 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Rāsayātrā 2028 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:09 on Wed 1 Nov to 14:47 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2050, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T13:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z", "ms": 1856677110805.2205 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T14:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T09:17:22Z", "ms": 1856769441906.0215 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T13:08:31+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z", "ms": 1856677110805.2205 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T14:47:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T09:17:22Z", "ms": 1856769441906.0215 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-01T11:46:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T06:16:20Z", "ms": 1856672180461.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-01T12:34:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-01T07:04:20Z", "ms": 1856675060461.2202 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-02T11:46:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T06:16:20Z", "ms": 1856758579625.1375 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-02T12:34:20+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-02T07:04:20Z", "ms": 1856761459625.1375 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:09 on Wed 1 Nov to 14:47 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-01T07:38:31Z → 2028-11-02T09:17:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 1st, 11:46–12:34 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2050 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2028 falls on Thursday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:09 on Wed 1 Nov to 14:47 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-11-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8848, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-05T17:33:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-05T12:03:19Z", "ms": 1857038599174.2104 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-06T17:43:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-06T12:13:40Z", "ms": 1857125619590.2593 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-05T17:33:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-05T12:03:19Z", "ms": 1857038599174.2104 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-06T17:43:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-06T12:13:40Z", "ms": 1857125619590.2593 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-05T20:00:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-05T14:30:47Z", "ms": 1857047447017.352 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-05T20:00:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-05T14:30:47Z", "ms": 1857047447017.352 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-06T20:57:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-06T15:27:58Z", "ms": 1857137278457.232 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-06T20:57:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-06T15:27:58Z", "ms": 1857137278457.232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:33 on Sun 5 Nov to 17:44 on Mon 6 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-05T12:03:19Z → 2028-11-06T12:13:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:01 on the 5th and 20:58 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8848 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Sunday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Sunday 5 November. Caturthī runs from 17:33 on Sun 5 Nov to 17:44 on Mon 6 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-11-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-11-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-12T09:31:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-12T04:01:00Z", "ms": 1857614460370.1104 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-13T06:42:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T01:12:42Z", "ms": 1857690762060.1626 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-12T09:31:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-12T04:01:00Z", "ms": 1857614460370.1104 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-13T06:42:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T01:12:42Z", "ms": 1857690762060.1626 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-12T06:39:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-12T01:09:02Z", "ms": 1857604141864.538 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-12T06:39:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-12T01:09:02Z", "ms": 1857604141864.538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-13T06:39:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T01:09:40Z", "ms": 1857690580274.317 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-13T06:39:40+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T01:09:40Z", "ms": 1857690580274.317 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:31 on Sun 12 Nov to 06:43 on Mon 13 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-12T04:01:00Z → 2028-11-13T01:12:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 12th and 06:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 182 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Monday 13 November. Ekādaśī runs from 09:31 on Sun 12 Nov to 06:43 on Mon 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day. It is 3 min 02 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-11-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18586, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-14T03:41:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T22:11:34Z", "ms": 1857766293807.2888 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-15T00:35:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T19:05:49Z", "ms": 1857841548508.1045 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-14T03:41:34+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T22:11:34Z", "ms": 1857766293807.2888 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-15T00:35:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T19:05:49Z", "ms": 1857841548508.1045 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-13T17:42:32+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T12:12:32Z", "ms": 1857730351862.584 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-13T19:26:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-13T13:56:14Z", "ms": 1857736574154.2234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-14T17:42:12+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T12:12:12Z", "ms": 1857816731927.4253 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-14T19:26:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T13:56:02Z", "ms": 1857822962092.9485 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:42 on Tue 14 Nov to 00:36 on Wed 15 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-13T22:11:34Z → 2028-11-14T19:05:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:26 on the 13th, 17:42–19:26 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 13th and 104 of 104 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18586 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Tuesday 14 November. Trayodaśī runs from 03:42 on Tue 14 Nov to 00:36 on Wed 15 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-11-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 13, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-15T00:35:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T19:05:49Z", "ms": 1857841548508.1045 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-15T21:34:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-15T16:04:42Z", "ms": 1857917081633.6467 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-15T00:35:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T19:05:49Z", "ms": 1857841548508.1045 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-15T21:34:42+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-15T16:04:42Z", "ms": 1857917081633.6467 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-14T23:47:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T18:17:35Z", "ms": 1857838655048.1372 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-15T00:35:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-14T19:05:35Z", "ms": 1857841535048.1372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-15T23:47:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-15T18:17:45Z", "ms": 1857925065489.7705 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-16T00:35:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-15T19:05:45Z", "ms": 1857927945489.7705 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:36 on Wed 15 Nov to 21:35 on Wed 15 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-14T19:05:49Z → 2028-11-15T16:04:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 14th, 23:48–00:36 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 13 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Tuesday 14 November. Caturdaśī runs from 00:36 on Wed 15 Nov to 21:35 on Wed 15 Nov, and reaches niśītha on neither day. It is 0 min 13 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-11-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-19T13:28:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-19T07:58:57Z", "ms": 1858233537172.2668 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-20T13:07:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:37:35Z", "ms": 1858318655191.4832 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-19T13:28:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-19T07:58:57Z", "ms": 1858233537172.2668 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-20T13:07:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:37:35Z", "ms": 1858318655191.4832 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-19T11:48:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-19T06:18:15Z", "ms": 1858227495328.754 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-19T12:36:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-19T07:06:15Z", "ms": 1858230375328.754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-20T11:48:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T06:18:30Z", "ms": 1858313909768.754 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-20T12:36:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:06:30Z", "ms": 1858316789768.754 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:29 on Sun 19 Nov to 13:08 on Mon 20 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-19T07:58:57Z → 2028-11-20T07:37:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 19th, 11:48–12:36 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Monday 20 November. Caturthī runs from 13:29 on Sun 19 Nov to 13:08 on Mon 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-11-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-20T13:07:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:37:35Z", "ms": 1858318655191.4832 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-20T13:07:35+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:37:35Z", "ms": 1858318655191.4832 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-20T11:48:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T06:18:30Z", "ms": 1858313909768.754 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-20T12:36:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-20T07:06:30Z", "ms": 1858316789768.754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T11:48:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T06:18:45Z", "ms": 1858400325004.8965 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-21T12:36:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T07:06:45Z", "ms": 1858403205004.8965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:08 on Mon 20 Nov to 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-20T07:37:35Z → 2028-11-21T08:04:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 20th, 11:49–12:37 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2028 falls on Tuesday 21 November. Pañcamī runs from 13:08 on Mon 20 Nov to 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T11:48:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T06:18:45Z", "ms": 1858400325004.8965 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-21T12:36:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T07:06:45Z", "ms": 1858403205004.8965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-22T11:49:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T06:19:01Z", "ms": 1858486741024.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T12:37:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T07:07:01Z", "ms": 1858489621024.8462 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov to 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z → 2028-11-22T09:16:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 21st, 11:49–12:37 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2028 falls on Wednesday 22 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov to 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T13:34:26+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z", "ms": 1858406665806.6052 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-21T11:48:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T06:18:45Z", "ms": 1858400325004.8965 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-21T12:36:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-21T07:06:45Z", "ms": 1858403205004.8965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-22T11:49:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T06:19:01Z", "ms": 1858486741024.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T12:37:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T07:07:01Z", "ms": 1858489621024.8462 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov to 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-21T08:04:26Z → 2028-11-22T09:16:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 21st, 11:49–12:37 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2028 falls on Wednesday 22 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:34 on Tue 21 Nov to 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7797, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-23T16:38:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-23T11:08:03Z", "ms": 1858590482828.3127 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-22T14:46:58+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z", "ms": 1858497417976.4658 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-23T16:38:03+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-23T11:08:03Z", "ms": 1858590482828.3127 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-22T11:49:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T06:19:01Z", "ms": 1858486741024.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-22T12:37:01+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-22T07:07:01Z", "ms": 1858489621024.8462 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-23T11:49:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-23T06:19:18Z", "ms": 1858573157816.003 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-23T12:37:18+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-23T07:07:18Z", "ms": 1858576037816.003 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov to 16:38 on Thu 23 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-22T09:16:58Z → 2028-11-23T11:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 22nd, 11:49–12:37 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7797 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mitra Saptamī 2028 falls on Thursday 23 November. Saptamī runs from 14:47 on Wed 22 Nov to 16:38 on Thu 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-11-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16296, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-26T23:59:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-26T18:29:48Z", "ms": 1858876187927.7751 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-28T02:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T20:48:09Z", "ms": 1858970889405.1152 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-26T23:59:48+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-26T18:29:48Z", "ms": 1858876187927.7751 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-28T02:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T20:48:09Z", "ms": 1858970889405.1152 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-27T06:49:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T01:19:04Z", "ms": 1858900744393.5745 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-27T06:49:04+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T01:19:04Z", "ms": 1858900744393.5745 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-28T06:49:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T01:19:45Z", "ms": 1858987185428.9263 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-28T06:49:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T01:19:45Z", "ms": 1858987185428.9263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:00 on Sun 26 Nov to 02:18 on Tue 28 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-26T18:29:48Z → 2028-11-27T20:48:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 27th and 06:50 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16296 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Monday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Monday 27 November. Ekādaśī runs from 00:00 on Sun 26 Nov to 02:18 on Tue 28 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-28T02:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T20:48:09Z", "ms": 1858970889405.1152 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-29T04:14:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T22:44:17Z", "ms": 1859064256589.8528 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-28T02:18:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-27T20:48:09Z", "ms": 1858970889405.1152 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-29T04:14:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T22:44:17Z", "ms": 1859064256589.8528 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-28T11:50:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T06:20:53Z", "ms": 1859005252865.9917 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-28T12:38:53+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T07:08:53Z", "ms": 1859008132865.9917 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-29T11:51:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-29T06:21:14Z", "ms": 1859091673991.8833 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-29T12:39:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-29T07:09:14Z", "ms": 1859094553991.8833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:18 on Tue 28 Nov to 04:14 on Wed 29 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-27T20:48:09Z → 2028-11-28T22:44:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 28th, 11:51–12:39 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 28 November. Dvādaśī runs from 02:18 on Tue 28 Nov to 04:14 on Wed 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-11-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31733, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-11-29T04:14:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T22:44:17Z", "ms": 1859064256589.8528 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-30T05:42:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-30T00:12:39Z", "ms": 1859155959023.7344 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-11-29T04:14:17+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T22:44:17Z", "ms": 1859064256589.8528 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-30T05:42:39+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-30T00:12:39Z", "ms": 1859155959023.7344 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-28T17:40:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T12:10:00Z", "ms": 1859026200303.0571 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-28T19:25:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-28T13:55:24Z", "ms": 1859032523783.1262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-11-29T17:40:02+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-29T12:10:02Z", "ms": 1859112601580.192 }, "end": { "local": "2028-11-29T19:25:30+05:30", "utc": "2028-11-29T13:55:30Z", "ms": 1859118930341.0142 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:14 on Wed 29 Nov to 05:43 on Thu 30 Nov.", "fact": "2028-11-28T22:44:17Z → 2028-11-30T00:12:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:40–19:25 on the 28th, 17:40–19:26 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 28th and 105 of 105 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31733 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 29 November. Trayodaśī runs from 04:14 on Wed 29 Nov to 05:43 on Thu 30 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37799, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2028-12-01T06:41:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-01T01:11:10Z", "ms": 1859245869542.957 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-02T07:10:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-02T01:40:15Z", "ms": 1859334014702.9514 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-01T06:41:10+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-01T01:11:10Z", "ms": 1859245869542.957 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-02T07:10:15+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-02T01:40:15Z", "ms": 1859334014702.9514 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-01T17:40:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-01T12:10:08Z", "ms": 1859285408416.2935 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-01T19:25:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-01T13:55:47Z", "ms": 1859291747114.1577 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-02T17:40:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-02T12:10:14Z", "ms": 1859371813968.7651 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-02T19:25:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-02T13:55:57Z", "ms": 1859378157315.2642 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Fri 1 Dec to 07:10 on Sat 2 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-01T01:11:10Z → 2028-12-02T01:40:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:40–19:26 on the 1st, 17:40–19:26 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 106 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37799 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2028 falls on Friday 1 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Fri 1 Dec to 07:10 on Sat 2 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-12-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-05T06:04:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T00:34:07Z", "ms": 1859589247011.6924 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-06T04:59:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T23:29:51Z", "ms": 1859671790797.4377 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-05T06:04:07+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T00:34:07Z", "ms": 1859589247011.6924 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-06T04:59:51+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T23:29:51Z", "ms": 1859671790797.4377 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-04T19:51:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-04T14:21:19Z", "ms": 1859552478755.1506 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-04T19:51:19+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-04T14:21:19Z", "ms": 1859552478755.1506 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-05T20:52:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T15:22:49Z", "ms": 1859642569315.9531 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-05T20:52:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-05T15:22:49Z", "ms": 1859642569315.9531 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:04 on Tue 5 Dec to 05:00 on Wed 6 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-05T00:34:07Z → 2028-12-05T23:29:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:51 on the 4th and 20:53 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī (Sankatahara Chaturthi) 2028 falls on Tuesday 5 December. Caturthī runs from 06:04 on Tue 5 Dec to 05:00 on Wed 6 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2028-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29655, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-11T17:33:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-11T12:03:45Z", "ms": 1860149024713.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-12T15:13:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-12T09:43:14Z", "ms": 1860226993837.2837 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-11T17:33:45+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-11T12:03:45Z", "ms": 1860149024713.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-12T15:13:14+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-12T09:43:14Z", "ms": 1860226993837.2837 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-11T06:58:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-11T01:28:22Z", "ms": 1860110901568.6172 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-11T06:58:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-11T01:28:22Z", "ms": 1860110901568.6172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-12T06:58:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-12T01:28:59Z", "ms": 1860197338724.0046 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-12T06:58:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-12T01:28:59Z", "ms": 1860197338724.0046 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Mon 11 Dec to 15:13 on Tue 12 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-11T12:03:45Z → 2028-12-12T09:43:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 11th and 06:59 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29655 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Tuesday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Mon 11 Dec to 15:13 on Tue 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-12-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17164, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-13T12:56:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T07:26:43Z", "ms": 1860305202572.5647 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-14T10:50:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T05:20:29Z", "ms": 1860384028818.9775 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-13T12:56:43+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T07:26:43Z", "ms": 1860305202572.5647 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-14T10:50:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T05:20:29Z", "ms": 1860384028818.9775 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-13T17:42:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T12:12:46Z", "ms": 1860322366499.6885 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-13T19:29:06+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T13:59:06Z", "ms": 1860328745809.2366 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-14T17:43:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T12:13:08Z", "ms": 1860408788274.8435 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-14T19:29:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T13:59:29Z", "ms": 1860415169395.0945 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:57 on Wed 13 Dec to 10:50 on Thu 14 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-13T07:26:43Z → 2028-12-14T05:20:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:29 on the 13th, 17:43–19:29 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 106 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17164 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Wednesday 13 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:57 on Wed 13 Dec to 10:50 on Thu 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-12-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-14T10:50:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T05:20:29Z", "ms": 1860384028818.9775 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-15T09:01:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-15T03:31:22Z", "ms": 1860463882255.4075 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-14T10:50:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T05:20:29Z", "ms": 1860384028818.9775 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-15T09:01:22+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-15T03:31:22Z", "ms": 1860463882255.4075 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-13T23:57:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T18:27:29Z", "ms": 1860344848910.4941 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-14T00:45:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-13T19:15:29Z", "ms": 1860347728910.4941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-14T23:57:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T18:27:57Z", "ms": 1860431277475.7842 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-15T00:45:57+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-14T19:15:57Z", "ms": 1860434157475.7842 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:50 on Thu 14 Dec to 09:01 on Fri 15 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-14T05:20:29Z → 2028-12-15T03:31:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:57–00:45 on the 13th, 23:58–00:46 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Ujjain, 2028: Thursday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śivarātri (Masik Shivaratri) 2028 falls on Thursday 14 December. Caturdaśī runs from 10:50 on Thu 14 Dec to 09:01 on Fri 15 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/shivaratri?on=2028-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-12-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15302, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-19T06:44:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-19T01:14:29Z", "ms": 1860801269473.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-20T07:45:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-20T02:15:36Z", "ms": 1860891335766.395 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-19T06:44:29+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-19T01:14:29Z", "ms": 1860801269473.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-20T07:45:36+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-20T02:15:36Z", "ms": 1860891335766.395 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-19T12:00:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-19T06:30:08Z", "ms": 1860820207725.893 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-19T12:48:08+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-19T07:18:08Z", "ms": 1860823087725.893 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-20T12:00:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-20T06:30:38Z", "ms": 1860906637742.1653 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-20T12:48:38+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-20T07:18:38Z", "ms": 1860909517742.1653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:44 on Tue 19 Dec to 07:46 on Wed 20 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-19T01:14:29Z → 2028-12-20T02:15:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 19th, 12:01–12:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15302 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Ujjain, 2028: Tuesday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Vināyaka Caturthī 2028 falls on Tuesday 19 December. Caturthī runs from 06:44 on Tue 19 Dec to 07:46 on Wed 20 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2028-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-12-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31163, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-26T20:56:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-26T15:26:46Z", "ms": 1861457206011.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-27T22:27:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-27T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1861549066502.3591 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-26T20:56:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-26T15:26:46Z", "ms": 1861457206011.3533 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-27T22:27:47+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-27T16:57:47Z", "ms": 1861549066502.3591 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-27T07:06:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-27T01:36:46Z", "ms": 1861493805720.522 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-27T07:06:46+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-27T01:36:46Z", "ms": 1861493805720.522 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2028-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-28T07:07:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T01:37:09Z", "ms": 1861580229107.6143 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-28T07:07:09+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T01:37:09Z", "ms": 1861580229107.6143 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 26 Dec to 22:28 on Wed 27 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-26T15:26:46Z → 2028-12-27T16:57:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 27th and 07:07 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31163 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Ujjain, 2028: Wednesday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Putradā Ekādaśī 2028 falls on Wednesday 27 December. Ekādaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 26 Dec to 22:28 on Wed 27 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/ekadashi?on=2028-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-12-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1253914", "year": 2028, "local_date": "2028-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2028-12-28T23:21:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T17:51:49Z", "ms": 1861638709485.4485 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-29T23:37:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-29T18:07:00Z", "ms": 1861726020116.7708 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2028-12-28T23:21:49+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T17:51:49Z", "ms": 1861638709485.4485 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-29T23:37:00+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-29T18:07:00Z", "ms": 1861726020116.7708 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2028-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-28T17:50:05+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T12:20:05Z", "ms": 1861618804765.2314 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-28T19:36:24+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-28T14:06:24Z", "ms": 1861625184309.6487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2028-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2028-12-29T17:50:41+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-29T12:20:41Z", "ms": 1861705241075.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2028-12-29T19:36:59+05:30", "utc": "2028-12-29T14:06:59Z", "ms": 1861711618588.0098 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:22 on Thu 28 Dec to 23:37 on Fri 29 Dec.", "fact": "2028-12-28T17:51:49Z → 2028-12-29T18:07:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:50–19:36 on the 28th, 17:51–19:37 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 28th and 106 of 106 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Ujjain, 2028: Friday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2028-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Ujjain, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2028 falls on Friday 29 December. Trayodaśī runs from 23:22 on Thu 28 Dec to 23:37 on Fri 29 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/ujjain/festivals/2028/pradosha-vrata?on=2028-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }