{ "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909", "place": { "id": "1802206", "slug": "lu-an", "name": "Lu’an", "region": "Anhui, China", "country": "CN", "lat": 31.73561, "lon": 116.51688, "elevation_m": 81, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1909, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-01-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-01T21:59:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-01T13:59:31Z", "ms": -1924941628637.0256 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-02T21:12:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-02T13:12:07Z", "ms": -1924858073460.0486 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-01T21:59:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-01T13:59:31Z", "ms": -1924941628637.0256 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-02T21:12:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-02T13:12:07Z", "ms": -1924858073460.0486 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-02T07:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-01T23:14:28Z", "ms": -1924908331679.8623 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-02T07:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-01T23:14:28Z", "ms": -1924908331679.8623 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-03T07:14:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-02T23:14:41Z", "ms": -1924821919226.4517 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-03T07:14:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-02T23:14:41Z", "ms": -1924821919226.4517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:00 on Fri 1 Jan to 21:12 on Sat 2 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-01T13:59:31Z → 1909-01-02T13:12:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 2nd and 07:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Putradā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 2 January. Ekādaśī runs from 22:00 on Fri 1 Jan to 21:12 on Sat 2 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-01-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5768, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-03T20:49:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-03T12:49:11Z", "ms": -1924773048986.4507 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-04T20:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-04T12:51:17Z", "ms": -1924686523499.3398 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-03T20:49:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-03T12:49:11Z", "ms": -1924773048986.4507 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-04T20:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-04T12:51:17Z", "ms": -1924686523499.3398 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-03T17:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-03T09:22:00Z", "ms": -1924785479876.4348 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-03T19:13:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-03T11:13:03Z", "ms": -1924778817023.082 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-04T17:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-04T09:22:45Z", "ms": -1924699034771.3425 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-04T19:13:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-04T11:13:43Z", "ms": -1924692376727.1367 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:49 on Sun 3 Jan to 20:51 on Mon 4 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-03T12:49:11Z → 1909-01-04T12:51:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:22–19:13 on the 3rd, 17:23–19:14 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 3rd and 111 of 111 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5768 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 4 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Monday 4 January. Trayodaśī runs from 20:49 on Sun 3 Jan to 20:51 on Mon 4 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-01-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-01-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-10T03:23:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-09T19:23:17Z", "ms": -1924231003162.8994 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-11T05:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-10T21:47:15Z", "ms": -1924135965326.3345 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-10T03:23:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-09T19:23:17Z", "ms": -1924231003162.8994 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-11T05:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-10T21:47:15Z", "ms": -1924135965326.3345 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-09T19:54:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-09T11:54:43Z", "ms": -1924257916959.7844 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-09T19:54:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-09T11:54:43Z", "ms": -1924257916959.7844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-10T20:50:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-10T12:50:16Z", "ms": -1924168184300.9272 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-10T20:50:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-10T12:50:16Z", "ms": -1924168184300.9272 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:23 on Sun 10 Jan to 05:47 on Mon 11 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-09T19:23:17Z → 1909-01-10T21:47:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:55 on the 9th and 20:50 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Sunday 10 January. Caturthī runs from 03:23 on Sun 10 Jan to 05:47 on Mon 11 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 473, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-12T06:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-11T22:21:35Z", "ms": -1921369104561.8774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-12T17:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-12T09:29:15Z", "ms": -1924007445008.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-14T17:30:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-14T09:30:59Z", "ms": -1923834541065.3435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 473 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1909-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1909-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Bhogi 1909 falls on Tuesday 12 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 473, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-12T06:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-11T22:21:35Z", "ms": -1921369104561.8774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-12T17:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-12T09:29:15Z", "ms": -1924007445008.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-14T17:30:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-14T09:30:59Z", "ms": -1923834541065.3435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 473 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Pongal 1909 falls on Wednesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23866, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-12T06:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-11T22:21:35Z", "ms": -1921369104561.8774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-12T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1923984000000 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1923897600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1923897600000 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1923811200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Lu’an.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 23866 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Makara Saṅkrānti 1909 falls on Wednesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 473, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-12T06:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-11T22:21:35Z", "ms": -1921369104561.8774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z", "ms": -1923921465830.7444 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-12T17:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-12T09:29:15Z", "ms": -1924007445008.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-13T17:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-13T09:30:07Z", "ms": -1923920993299.3074 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-14T17:30:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-14T09:30:59Z", "ms": -1923834541065.3435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1909-01-13", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-13T09:22:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:30, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:31.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 473 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1909-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1909-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mattu Pongal 1909 falls on Thursday 14 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 17:22 on Wed 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-01-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-17T16:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-17T08:48:54Z", "ms": -1923577865928.565 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-18T16:31:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-18T08:31:03Z", "ms": -1923492536988.7122 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-17T16:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-17T08:48:54Z", "ms": -1923577865928.565 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-18T16:31:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-18T08:31:03Z", "ms": -1923492536988.7122 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-17T07:14:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-16T23:14:34Z", "ms": -1923612326463.8496 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-17T07:14:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-16T23:14:34Z", "ms": -1923612326463.8496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-18T07:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-17T23:14:20Z", "ms": -1923525940011.264 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-18T07:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-17T23:14:20Z", "ms": -1923525940011.264 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:49 on Sun 17 Jan to 16:31 on Mon 18 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-17T08:48:54Z → 1909-01-18T08:31:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:15 on the 17th and 07:14 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 18 January. Ekādaśī runs from 16:49 on Sun 17 Jan to 16:31 on Mon 18 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-01-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-19T15:25:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T07:25:10Z", "ms": -1923410089834.1272 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-19T15:25:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T07:25:10Z", "ms": -1923410089834.1272 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-19T17:35:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T09:35:26Z", "ms": -1923402273503.7422 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-19T19:24:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T11:24:33Z", "ms": -1923395726670.7683 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T17:36:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T09:36:21Z", "ms": -1923315819011.042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-20T19:25:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T11:25:18Z", "ms": -1923309281934.8477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:25 on Tue 19 Jan to 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-19T07:25:10Z → 1909-01-20T05:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:35–19:25 on the 19th, 17:36–19:25 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 109 of 109 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 109 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 19 January. Trayodaśī runs from 15:25 on Tue 19 Jan to 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-01-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37134, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T11:07:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-21T03:07:49Z", "ms": -1923252730801.0154 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T11:07:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-21T03:07:49Z", "ms": -1923252730801.0154 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T00:00:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T16:00:37Z", "ms": -1923379162880.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-20T00:48:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T16:48:37Z", "ms": -1923376282880.0903 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-21T00:00:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T16:00:55Z", "ms": -1923292744975.313 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T00:48:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T16:48:55Z", "ms": -1923289864975.313 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan to 11:08 on Thu 21 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z → 1909-01-21T03:07:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:01–00:49 on the 19th, 00:01–00:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37134 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 20 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Wednesday 20 January. Caturdaśī runs from 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan to 11:08 on Thu 21 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-01-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14060, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T11:07:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-21T03:07:49Z", "ms": -1923252730801.0154 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T13:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z", "ms": -1923330288129.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T11:07:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-21T03:07:49Z", "ms": -1923252730801.0154 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-20T05:24:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T21:24:41Z", "ms": -1923359719089.4124 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-20T07:13:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-19T23:13:48Z", "ms": -1923353172256.4385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-21T05:24:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T21:24:32Z", "ms": -1923273328015.7783 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-21T07:13:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-20T23:13:29Z", "ms": -1923266790939.584 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan to 11:08 on Thu 21 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-20T05:35:12Z → 1909-01-21T03:07:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:25–07:14 on the 20th, 05:25–07:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 20th and 109 of 109 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14060 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Yama Tarpaṇa 1909 falls on Thursday 21 January. Caturdaśī runs from 13:35 on Wed 20 Jan to 11:08 on Thu 21 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22021, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T22:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z", "ms": -1922953846711.9038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T22:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z", "ms": -1922953846711.9038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T12:02:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T04:02:12Z", "ms": -1922990268175.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-24T12:50:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T04:50:12Z", "ms": -1922987388175.8652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:02:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:02:27Z", "ms": -1922903853287.0881 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:50:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:50:27Z", "ms": -1922900973287.0881 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:09 on Sun 24 Jan to 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z → 1909-01-25T10:57:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 24th, 12:02–12:50 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22021 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1909 falls on Monday 25 January. Caturthī runs from 22:09 on Sun 24 Jan to 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1893, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T22:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z", "ms": -1922953846711.9038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T22:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z", "ms": -1922953846711.9038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-24T17:40:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T09:40:01Z", "ms": -1922969999214.9292 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-24T19:28:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-24T11:28:16Z", "ms": -1922963503660.2256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T17:40:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T09:40:56Z", "ms": -1922883544019.5244 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T19:29:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T11:29:01Z", "ms": -1922877059434.1528 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:09 on Sun 24 Jan to 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-24T14:09:13Z → 1909-01-25T10:57:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:40–19:28 on the 24th, 17:41–19:29 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 24th and 77 of 108 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1893 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Tila Caturthī 1909 falls on Monday 25 January. Caturthī runs from 22:09 on Sun 24 Jan to 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan and covers 77 of 108 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T16:05:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T08:05:39Z", "ms": -1922802861099.95 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T16:05:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T08:05:39Z", "ms": -1922802861099.95 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:02:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:02:27Z", "ms": -1922903853287.0881 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:50:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:50:27Z", "ms": -1922900973287.0881 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-26T12:02:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T04:02:41Z", "ms": -1922817439216.228 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T12:50:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T04:50:41Z", "ms": -1922814559216.228 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan to 16:06 on Tue 26 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z → 1909-01-26T08:05:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 25th, 12:03–12:51 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śrī Pañcamī 1909 falls on Tuesday 26 January. Pañcamī runs from 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan to 16:06 on Tue 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T16:05:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T08:05:39Z", "ms": -1922802861099.95 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T18:57:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z", "ms": -1922878951975.0815 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T16:05:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T08:05:39Z", "ms": -1922802861099.95 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:02:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:02:27Z", "ms": -1922903853287.0881 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-25T12:50:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-25T04:50:27Z", "ms": -1922900973287.0881 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-26T12:02:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T04:02:41Z", "ms": -1922817439216.228 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-26T12:50:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T04:50:41Z", "ms": -1922814559216.228 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan to 16:06 on Tue 26 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-25T10:57:28Z → 1909-01-26T08:05:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 25th, 12:03–12:51 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vasanta Pañcamī 1909 falls on Tuesday 26 January. Pañcamī runs from 18:57 on Mon 25 Jan to 16:06 on Tue 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-27T13:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-27T05:41:11Z", "ms": -1922725129395.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-28T11:49:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-28T03:49:35Z", "ms": -1922645425462.166 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-27T13:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-27T05:41:11Z", "ms": -1922725129395.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-28T11:49:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-28T03:49:35Z", "ms": -1922645425462.166 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-27T05:23:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T21:23:08Z", "ms": -1922755011739.7556 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-27T07:11:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-26T23:11:02Z", "ms": -1922748538345.3767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-28T05:22:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-27T21:22:49Z", "ms": -1922668630673.961 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-28T07:10:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-27T23:10:31Z", "ms": -1922662168685.24 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:41 on Wed 27 Jan to 11:50 on Thu 28 Jan.", "fact": "1909-01-27T05:41:11Z → 1909-01-28T03:49:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:23–07:11 on the 27th, 05:23–07:11 on the 28th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 27th and 108 of 108 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ratha Saptamī 1909 falls on Thursday 28 January. Saptamī runs from 13:41 on Wed 27 Jan to 11:50 on Thu 28 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-02-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-01-31T09:52:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-31T01:52:41Z", "ms": -1922393238568.306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-01T10:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T02:22:14Z", "ms": -1922305066208.9727 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-01-31T09:52:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-31T01:52:41Z", "ms": -1922393238568.306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-01T10:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T02:22:14Z", "ms": -1922305066208.9727 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-01-31T07:08:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-30T23:08:51Z", "ms": -1922403069234.7832 }, "end": { "local": "1909-01-31T07:08:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-30T23:08:51Z", "ms": -1922403069234.7832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-01T07:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-31T23:08:14Z", "ms": -1922316705848.499 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-01T07:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-01-31T23:08:14Z", "ms": -1922316705848.499 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:53 on Sun 31 Jan to 10:22 on Mon 1 Feb.", "fact": "1909-01-31T01:52:41Z → 1909-02-01T02:22:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:09 on the 31st and 07:08 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Jayā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 1 February. Ekādaśī runs from 09:53 on Sun 31 Jan to 10:22 on Mon 1 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-01T10:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T02:22:14Z", "ms": -1922305066208.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-02T11:20:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T03:20:10Z", "ms": -1922215189905.3435 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-01T10:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T02:22:14Z", "ms": -1922305066208.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-02T11:20:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T03:20:10Z", "ms": -1922215189905.3435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-01T12:03:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T04:03:48Z", "ms": -1922298972342.2554 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-01T12:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-01T04:51:48Z", "ms": -1922296092342.2554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-02T12:03:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T04:03:56Z", "ms": -1922212564138.8599 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-02T12:51:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T04:51:56Z", "ms": -1922209684138.8599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:22 on Mon 1 Feb to 11:20 on Tue 2 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-01T02:22:14Z → 1909-02-02T03:20:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 1st, 12:04–12:52 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 1 February. Dvādaśī runs from 10:22 on Mon 1 Feb to 11:20 on Tue 2 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-02-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-02T11:20:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T03:20:10Z", "ms": -1922215189905.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-03T12:42:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-03T04:42:18Z", "ms": -1922123862344.3845 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-02T11:20:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T03:20:10Z", "ms": -1922215189905.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-03T12:42:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-03T04:42:18Z", "ms": -1922123862344.3845 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-02T17:48:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T09:48:16Z", "ms": -1922191904309.753 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-02T19:34:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-02T11:34:45Z", "ms": -1922185514877.2732 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-03T17:49:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-03T09:49:10Z", "ms": -1922105449975.224 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-03T19:35:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-03T11:35:27Z", "ms": -1922099073260.5854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:20 on Tue 2 Feb to 12:42 on Wed 3 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-02T03:20:10Z → 1909-02-03T04:42:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:35 on the 2nd, 17:49–19:35 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 106 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 2 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 2 February. Trayodaśī runs from 11:20 on Tue 2 Feb to 12:42 on Wed 3 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-02-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5559, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-02-04T14:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-04T06:24:49Z", "ms": -1922031311258.705 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-05T16:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-05T08:24:30Z", "ms": -1921937729527.044 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-04T14:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-04T06:24:49Z", "ms": -1922031311258.705 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-05T16:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-05T08:24:30Z", "ms": -1921937729527.044 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-04T12:04:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-04T04:04:10Z", "ms": -1922039750232.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-04T12:52:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-04T04:52:10Z", "ms": -1922036870232.7197 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-05T12:04:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-05T04:04:15Z", "ms": -1921953344518.8975 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-05T12:52:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-05T04:52:15Z", "ms": -1921950464518.8975 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:25 on Thu 4 Feb to 16:25 on Fri 5 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-04T06:24:49Z → 1909-02-05T08:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 4th, 12:04–12:52 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5559 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1909 falls on Friday 5 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:25 on Thu 4 Feb to 16:25 on Fri 5 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-02-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-08T23:34:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-08T15:34:58Z", "ms": -1921652701593.084 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-10T02:06:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-09T18:06:51Z", "ms": -1921557189135.668 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-08T23:34:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-08T15:34:58Z", "ms": -1921652701593.084 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-10T02:06:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-09T18:06:51Z", "ms": -1921557189135.668 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-08T20:31:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-08T12:31:14Z", "ms": -1921663726216.6118 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-08T20:31:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-08T12:31:14Z", "ms": -1921663726216.6118 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-09T21:24:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-09T13:24:31Z", "ms": -1921574128874.3506 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-09T21:24:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-09T13:24:31Z", "ms": -1921574128874.3506 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:35 on Mon 8 Feb to 02:07 on Wed 10 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-08T15:34:58Z → 1909-02-09T18:06:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:31 on the 8th and 21:25 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Tuesday 9 February. Caturthī runs from 23:35 on Mon 8 Feb to 02:07 on Wed 10 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-02-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-02-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-16T08:41:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T00:41:20Z", "ms": -1921015119869.5278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-17T07:11:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T23:11:45Z", "ms": -1920934095232.6252 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-16T08:41:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T00:41:20Z", "ms": -1921015119869.5278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-17T07:11:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T23:11:45Z", "ms": -1920934095232.6252 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-16T06:56:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-15T22:56:20Z", "ms": -1921021419943.4365 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-16T06:56:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-15T22:56:20Z", "ms": -1921021419943.4365 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-17T06:55:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T22:55:23Z", "ms": -1920935077234.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-17T06:55:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-16T22:55:23Z", "ms": -1920935077234.3574 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:41 on Tue 16 Feb to 07:12 on Wed 17 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-16T00:41:20Z → 1909-02-16T23:11:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:56 on the 16th and 06:55 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Wednesday 17 February. Ekādaśī runs from 08:41 on Tue 16 Feb to 07:12 on Wed 17 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-02-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-19T02:01:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T18:01:02Z", "ms": -1920779937899.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-19T22:36:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-19T14:36:08Z", "ms": -1920705831755.143 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-19T02:01:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T18:01:02Z", "ms": -1920779937899.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-19T22:36:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-19T14:36:08Z", "ms": -1920705831755.143 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-19T00:03:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T16:03:49Z", "ms": -1920786970952.1875 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-19T00:51:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T16:51:49Z", "ms": -1920784090952.1875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-20T00:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-19T16:03:44Z", "ms": -1920700576310.875 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-20T00:51:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-19T16:51:44Z", "ms": -1920697696310.875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:01 on Fri 19 Feb to 22:36 on Fri 19 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-18T18:01:02Z → 1909-02-19T14:36:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 18th, 00:04–00:52 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: disputed → tithi-day · margin 4153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mahāśivarātri 1909 falls on Thursday 18 February. Caturdaśī runs from 02:01 on Fri 19 Feb to 22:36 on Fri 19 Feb, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-02-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22559, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-18T04:55:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-17T20:55:59Z", "ms": -1920855841268.0723 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-19T02:01:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T18:01:02Z", "ms": -1920779937899.2874 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-18T04:55:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-17T20:55:59Z", "ms": -1920855841268.0723 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-19T02:01:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T18:01:02Z", "ms": -1920779937899.2874 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-17T18:01:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-17T10:01:23Z", "ms": -1920895116966.5354 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-17T19:44:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-17T11:44:27Z", "ms": -1920888932780.7876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-18T18:02:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T10:02:13Z", "ms": -1920808666970.492 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-18T19:45:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-18T11:45:03Z", "ms": -1920802497365.6108 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:56 on Thu 18 Feb to 02:01 on Fri 19 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-17T20:55:59Z → 1909-02-18T18:01:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:01–19:44 on the 17th, 18:02–19:45 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 17th and 103 of 103 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22559 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Thursday 18 February. Trayodaśī runs from 04:56 on Thu 18 Feb to 02:01 on Fri 19 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-02-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-02-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15913, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-02-23T07:38:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-22T23:38:35Z", "ms": -1920414084818.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-24T04:31:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-23T20:31:16Z", "ms": -1920338924170.54 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-02-23T07:38:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-22T23:38:35Z", "ms": -1920414084818.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-24T04:31:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-23T20:31:16Z", "ms": -1920338924170.54 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-23T12:03:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-23T04:03:48Z", "ms": -1920398172292.298 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-23T12:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-23T04:51:48Z", "ms": -1920395292292.298 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-02-24T12:03:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-24T04:03:40Z", "ms": -1920311780461.6426 }, "end": { "local": "1909-02-24T12:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-02-24T04:51:40Z", "ms": -1920308900461.6426 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:39 on Tue 23 Feb to 04:31 on Wed 24 Feb.", "fact": "1909-02-22T23:38:35Z → 1909-02-23T20:31:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 23rd, 12:04–12:52 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15913 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Tuesday 23 February. Caturthī runs from 07:39 on Tue 23 Feb to 04:31 on Wed 24 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-03-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17282, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-02T00:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-01T16:16:41Z", "ms": -1919835799279.221 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-03T01:52:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-02T17:52:20Z", "ms": -1919743659505.3071 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-02T00:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-01T16:16:41Z", "ms": -1919835799279.221 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-03T01:52:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-02T17:52:20Z", "ms": -1919743659505.3071 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-02T06:41:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-01T22:41:32Z", "ms": -1919812707812.7764 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-02T06:41:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-01T22:41:32Z", "ms": -1919812707812.7764 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-03T06:40:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-02T22:40:23Z", "ms": -1919726377319.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-03T06:40:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-02T22:40:23Z", "ms": -1919726377319.7847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:17 on Tue 2 Mar to 01:52 on Wed 3 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-01T16:16:41Z → 1909-03-02T17:52:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 2nd and 06:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17282 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Tuesday 2 March. Ekādaśī runs from 00:17 on Tue 2 Mar to 01:52 on Wed 3 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-03-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28729, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-04T03:50:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-03T19:50:51Z", "ms": -1919650148680.635 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-05T06:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-04T22:04:45Z", "ms": -1919555714826.7705 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-04T03:50:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-03T19:50:51Z", "ms": -1919650148680.635 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-05T06:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-04T22:04:45Z", "ms": -1919555714826.7705 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-03T18:12:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-03T10:12:29Z", "ms": -1919684851235.145 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-03T19:52:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-03T11:52:03Z", "ms": -1919678877400.4424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-04T18:13:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-04T10:13:14Z", "ms": -1919598406473.9656 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-04T19:52:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-04T11:52:32Z", "ms": -1919592448043.569 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:51 on Thu 4 Mar to 06:05 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-03T19:50:51Z → 1909-03-04T22:04:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:52 on the 3rd, 18:13–19:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 3rd and 99 of 99 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Thursday 4 March. Trayodaśī runs from 03:51 on Thu 4 Mar to 06:05 on Fri 5 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-03-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T08:27:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z", "ms": -1919460726291.449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T08:27:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z", "ms": -1919460726291.449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T15:55:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T07:55:08Z", "ms": -1919433892277.9607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-06T18:14:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T10:14:42Z", "ms": -1919425517947.1619 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-07T15:55:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T07:55:28Z", "ms": -1919347471627.2842 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T18:15:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T10:15:26Z", "ms": -1919339074156.9744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:28 on Sat 6 Mar to 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z → 1909-03-07T02:55:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:55–18:15 on the 6th, 15:55–18:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 140 of 140 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 140 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Holikā Dahana 1909 falls on Saturday 6 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:28 on Sat 6 Mar to 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T08:27:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z", "ms": -1919460726291.449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T08:27:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z", "ms": -1919460726291.449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-06T15:55:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T07:55:08Z", "ms": -1919433892277.9607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-06T18:14:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T10:14:42Z", "ms": -1919425517947.1619 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-07T15:55:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T07:55:28Z", "ms": -1919347471627.2842 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T18:15:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T10:15:26Z", "ms": -1919339074156.9744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1909-03-06", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:28 on Sat 6 Mar to 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-06T00:27:54Z → 1909-03-07T02:55:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:55–18:15 on the 6th, 15:55–18:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 140 of 140 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 140 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17997 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Saturday 6 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Holī 1909 falls on Sunday 7 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Saturday 6 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:28 on Sat 6 Mar to 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 6th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15593, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-08T13:23:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-08T05:23:47Z", "ms": -1919270173069.345 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-07T10:55:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z", "ms": -1919365468291.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-08T13:23:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-08T05:23:47Z", "ms": -1919270173069.345 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-07T06:35:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T22:35:38Z", "ms": -1919381061508.5232 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-07T06:35:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-06T22:35:38Z", "ms": -1919381061508.5232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-08T06:34:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1919294733936.288 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-08T06:34:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-07T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1919294733936.288 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar to 13:24 on Mon 8 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-07T02:55:32Z → 1909-03-08T05:23:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 7th and 06:34 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15593 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vasantotsava 1909 falls on Monday 8 March. Pratipadā runs from 10:56 on Sun 7 Mar to 13:24 on Mon 8 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-03-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-10T18:06:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-10T10:06:05Z", "ms": -1919080435125.6565 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-11T20:09:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-11T12:09:31Z", "ms": -1918986629357.34 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-10T18:06:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-10T10:06:05Z", "ms": -1919080435125.6565 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-11T20:09:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-11T12:09:31Z", "ms": -1918986629357.34 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-10T21:06:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-10T13:06:45Z", "ms": -1919069595109.6665 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-10T21:06:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-10T13:06:45Z", "ms": -1919069595109.6665 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-11T22:01:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-11T14:01:53Z", "ms": -1918979887124.7637 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-11T22:01:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-11T14:01:53Z", "ms": -1918979887124.7637 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Wed 10 Mar to 20:10 on Thu 11 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-10T10:06:05Z → 1909-03-11T12:09:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 10th and 22:02 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Wednesday 10 March. Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Wed 10 Mar to 20:10 on Thu 11 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-03-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-14T23:39:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-14T15:39:47Z", "ms": -1918714813309.8733 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-15T23:31:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-15T15:31:31Z", "ms": -1918628908773.6846 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-14T23:39:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-14T15:39:47Z", "ms": -1918714813309.8733 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-15T23:31:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-15T15:31:31Z", "ms": -1918628908773.6846 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-14T11:59:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-14T03:59:44Z", "ms": -1918756816438.7603 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-14T12:47:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-14T04:47:44Z", "ms": -1918753936438.7603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-15T11:59:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-15T03:59:27Z", "ms": -1918670433142.4028 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-15T12:47:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-15T04:47:27Z", "ms": -1918667553142.4028 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:40 on Sun 14 Mar to 23:32 on Mon 15 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-14T15:39:47Z → 1909-03-15T15:31:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 14th, 11:59–12:47 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śītalāṣṭamī 1909 falls on Monday 15 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:40 on Sun 14 Mar to 23:32 on Mon 15 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-03-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34076, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-17T20:54:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-17T12:54:04Z", "ms": -1918465555679.063 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-18T18:28:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-18T10:28:25Z", "ms": -1918387894637.0242 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-17T20:54:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-17T12:54:04Z", "ms": -1918465555679.063 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-18T18:28:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-18T10:28:25Z", "ms": -1918387894637.0242 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-18T06:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-17T22:22:00Z", "ms": -1918431480007.221 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-18T06:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-17T22:22:00Z", "ms": -1918431480007.221 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-19T06:20:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-18T22:20:44Z", "ms": -1918345156133.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-19T06:20:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-18T22:20:44Z", "ms": -1918345156133.7646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:54 on Wed 17 Mar to 18:28 on Thu 18 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-17T12:54:04Z → 1909-03-18T10:28:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 18th and 06:21 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34076 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Thursday 18 March. Ekādaśī runs from 20:54 on Wed 17 Mar to 18:28 on Thu 18 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-03-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10684, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-19T15:25:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T07:25:48Z", "ms": -1918312452100.88 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-20T11:54:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T03:54:59Z", "ms": -1918238701494.8657 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-19T15:25:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T07:25:48Z", "ms": -1918312452100.88 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-20T11:54:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T03:54:59Z", "ms": -1918238701494.8657 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-19T18:23:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T10:23:52Z", "ms": -1918301768029.206 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-19T19:59:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T11:59:17Z", "ms": -1918296043281.7546 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-20T18:24:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T10:24:33Z", "ms": -1918215327083.673 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-20T19:59:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T11:59:42Z", "ms": -1918209617985.888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:26 on Fri 19 Mar to 11:55 on Sat 20 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-19T07:25:48Z → 1909-03-20T03:54:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–19:59 on the 19th, 18:25–20:00 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 95 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10684 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 19 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Friday 19 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:26 on Fri 19 Mar to 11:55 on Sat 20 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-03-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-03-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26457, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-20T11:54:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T03:54:59Z", "ms": -1918238701494.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-21T08:06:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-21T00:06:19Z", "ms": -1918166021235.412 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-20T11:54:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T03:54:59Z", "ms": -1918238701494.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-21T08:06:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-21T00:06:19Z", "ms": -1918166021235.412 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-19T23:57:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T15:57:40Z", "ms": -1918281740226.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-20T00:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-19T16:45:40Z", "ms": -1918278860226.2637 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-20T23:57:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T15:57:22Z", "ms": -1918195357966.9785 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-21T00:45:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-20T16:45:22Z", "ms": -1918192477966.9785 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 08:06 on Sun 21 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-20T03:54:59Z → 1909-03-21T00:06:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 19th, 23:57–00:45 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26457 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Saturday 20 March. Caturdaśī runs from 11:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 08:06 on Sun 21 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27978, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-22T04:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-21T20:11:07Z", "ms": -1918093733115.5278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-23T00:21:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-22T16:21:05Z", "ms": -1918021135359.1843 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-22T04:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-21T20:11:07Z", "ms": -1918093733115.5278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-23T00:21:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-22T16:21:05Z", "ms": -1918021135359.1843 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-22T11:57:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-22T03:57:24Z", "ms": -1918065755504.8752 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-22T12:45:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-22T04:45:24Z", "ms": -1918062875504.8752 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T11:57:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T03:57:06Z", "ms": -1917979373553.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-23T12:45:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T04:45:06Z", "ms": -1917976493553.5032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:11 on Mon 22 Mar to 00:21 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-21T20:11:07Z → 1909-03-22T16:21:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 22nd, 11:57–12:45 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27978 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Lu’an, 1909: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1909 falls on Monday 22 March. Pratipadā runs from 04:11 on Mon 22 Mar to 00:21 on Tue 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T20:47:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z", "ms": -1917947533222.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T20:47:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z", "ms": -1917947533222.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T11:57:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T03:57:06Z", "ms": -1917979373553.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-23T12:45:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T04:45:06Z", "ms": -1917976493553.5032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-24T11:56:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T03:56:48Z", "ms": -1917892991696.84 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T12:44:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T04:44:48Z", "ms": -1917890111696.84 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Tue 23 Mar to 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z → 1909-03-24T09:42:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 23rd, 11:57–12:45 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1909 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Tue 23 Mar to 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T20:47:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z", "ms": -1917947533222.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T20:47:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z", "ms": -1917947533222.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-23T11:57:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T03:57:06Z", "ms": -1917979373553.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-23T12:45:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-23T04:45:06Z", "ms": -1917976493553.5032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-24T11:56:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T03:56:48Z", "ms": -1917892991696.84 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T12:44:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T04:44:48Z", "ms": -1917890111696.84 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Tue 23 Mar to 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-23T12:47:47Z → 1909-03-24T09:42:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 23rd, 11:57–12:45 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Tue 23 Mar to 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-03-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8956, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-25T15:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T07:13:46Z", "ms": -1917794773801.7563 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-24T17:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z", "ms": -1917872271613.8818 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-25T15:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T07:13:46Z", "ms": -1917794773801.7563 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-24T11:56:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T03:56:48Z", "ms": -1917892991696.84 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-24T12:44:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-24T04:44:48Z", "ms": -1917890111696.84 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-25T11:56:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T03:56:30Z", "ms": -1917806609918.6753 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-25T12:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T04:44:30Z", "ms": -1917803729918.6753 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar to 15:14 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-24T09:42:08Z → 1909-03-25T07:13:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 24th, 11:57–12:45 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8956 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Thursday 25 March. Caturthī runs from 17:42 on Wed 24 Mar to 15:14 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-25T15:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T07:13:46Z", "ms": -1917794773801.7563 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-26T13:30:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-26T05:30:12Z", "ms": -1917714587673.8848 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-25T15:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T07:13:46Z", "ms": -1917794773801.7563 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-26T13:30:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-26T05:30:12Z", "ms": -1917714587673.8848 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-25T11:56:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T03:56:30Z", "ms": -1917806609918.6753 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-25T12:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-25T04:44:30Z", "ms": -1917803729918.6753 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-26T11:56:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-26T03:56:12Z", "ms": -1917720228201.8196 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-26T12:44:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-26T04:44:12Z", "ms": -1917717348201.8196 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:14 on Thu 25 Mar to 13:30 on Fri 26 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-25T07:13:46Z → 1909-03-26T05:30:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 25th, 11:56–12:44 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1909 falls on Friday 26 March. Pañcamī runs from 15:14 on Thu 25 Mar to 13:30 on Fri 26 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-28T12:32:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-28T04:32:20Z", "ms": -1917545260018.102 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-29T13:15:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T05:15:59Z", "ms": -1917456240826.187 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-28T12:32:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-28T04:32:20Z", "ms": -1917545260018.102 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-29T13:15:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T05:15:59Z", "ms": -1917456240826.187 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-28T11:55:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-28T03:55:35Z", "ms": -1917547464878.161 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-28T12:43:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-28T04:43:35Z", "ms": -1917544584878.161 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-29T11:55:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T03:55:17Z", "ms": -1917461083232.242 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-29T12:43:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T04:43:17Z", "ms": -1917458203232.242 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:32 on Sun 28 Mar to 13:16 on Mon 29 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-28T04:32:20Z → 1909-03-29T05:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 28th, 11:55–12:43 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 11 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Bhavānī Utpatti 1909 falls on Monday 29 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:32 on Sun 28 Mar to 13:16 on Mon 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 11 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-29T13:15:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T05:15:59Z", "ms": -1917456240826.187 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-30T14:40:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T06:40:18Z", "ms": -1917364781613.9185 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-29T13:15:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T05:15:59Z", "ms": -1917456240826.187 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-30T14:40:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T06:40:18Z", "ms": -1917364781613.9185 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-29T11:55:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T03:55:17Z", "ms": -1917461083232.242 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-29T12:43:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-29T04:43:17Z", "ms": -1917458203232.242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-30T11:54:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T03:54:58Z", "ms": -1917374701569.783 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-30T12:42:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T04:42:58Z", "ms": -1917371821569.783 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:16 on Mon 29 Mar to 14:40 on Tue 30 Mar.", "fact": "1909-03-29T05:15:59Z → 1909-03-30T06:40:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 29th, 11:55–12:43 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1962 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-03-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rāma Navamī 1909 falls on Tuesday 30 March. Navamī runs from 13:16 on Mon 29 Mar to 14:40 on Tue 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-04-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37828, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-03-31T16:35:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-31T08:35:53Z", "ms": -1917271446678.5405 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-01T18:52:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-01T10:52:11Z", "ms": -1917176869317.7964 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-03-31T16:35:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-31T08:35:53Z", "ms": -1917271446678.5405 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-01T18:52:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-01T10:52:11Z", "ms": -1917176869317.7964 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-03-31T06:05:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T22:05:25Z", "ms": -1917309275095.0315 }, "end": { "local": "1909-03-31T06:05:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-30T22:05:25Z", "ms": -1917309275095.0315 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-01T06:04:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-31T22:04:09Z", "ms": -1917222951315.2788 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-01T06:04:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-03-31T22:04:09Z", "ms": -1917222951315.2788 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:36 on Wed 31 Mar to 18:52 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1909-03-31T08:35:53Z → 1909-04-01T10:52:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 31st and 06:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37828 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Thursday 1 April. Ekādaśī runs from 16:36 on Wed 31 Mar to 18:52 on Thu 1 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-04-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T21:19:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z", "ms": -1917081656522.859 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T21:19:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z", "ms": -1917081656522.859 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T11:54:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T03:54:04Z", "ms": -1917115556272.874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-02T12:42:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T04:42:04Z", "ms": -1917112676272.874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-03T11:53:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T03:53:46Z", "ms": -1917029174332.9165 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T12:41:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T04:41:46Z", "ms": -1917026294332.9165 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Fri 2 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z → 1909-04-03T15:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 2nd, 11:54–12:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 3 April. Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Fri 2 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-04-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T21:19:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z", "ms": -1917081656522.859 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T21:19:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z", "ms": -1917081656522.859 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-02T18:33:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T10:33:15Z", "ms": -1917091605199.9348 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-02T20:05:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-02T12:05:02Z", "ms": -1917086098260.8635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-03T18:33:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T10:33:54Z", "ms": -1917005165508.9333 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-03T20:05:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T12:05:26Z", "ms": -1916999673936.9104 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Fri 2 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-02T13:19:03Z → 1909-04-03T15:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:33–20:05 on the 2nd, 18:34–20:05 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 2nd and 92 of 92 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Saturday 3 April. Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Fri 2 Apr to 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34836, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-05T02:12:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T18:12:34Z", "ms": -1916891245983.9114 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-03T23:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z", "ms": -1916986319454.3672 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-05T02:12:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T18:12:34Z", "ms": -1916891245983.9114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-04T11:53:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T03:53:28Z", "ms": -1916942792269.9521 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-04T12:41:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T04:41:28Z", "ms": -1916939912269.9521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-05T11:53:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T03:53:10Z", "ms": -1916856410062.433 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-05T12:41:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T04:41:10Z", "ms": -1916853530062.433 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr to 02:13 on Mon 5 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-03T15:48:01Z → 1909-04-04T18:12:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 4th, 11:53–12:41 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34836 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1909 falls on Sunday 4 April. Caturdaśī runs from 23:48 on Sat 3 Apr to 02:13 on Mon 5 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-04-05T02:12:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T18:12:34Z", "ms": -1916891245983.9114 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-06T04:28:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T20:28:06Z", "ms": -1916796714104.4832 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-05T02:12:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-04T18:12:34Z", "ms": -1916891245983.9114 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-06T04:28:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T20:28:06Z", "ms": -1916796714104.4832 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-05T11:53:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T03:53:10Z", "ms": -1916856410062.433 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-05T12:41:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-05T04:41:10Z", "ms": -1916853530062.433 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-06T11:52:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-06T03:52:52Z", "ms": -1916770027688.871 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-06T12:40:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-06T04:40:52Z", "ms": -1916767147688.871 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:13 on Mon 5 Apr to 04:28 on Tue 6 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-04T18:12:34Z → 1909-04-05T20:28:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 5th, 11:53–12:41 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1909 falls on Monday 5 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:13 on Mon 5 Apr to 04:28 on Tue 6 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-04-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-09T09:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-09T01:46:45Z", "ms": -1916518395292.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-10T10:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-10T02:51:40Z", "ms": -1916428099646.8916 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-09T09:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-09T01:46:45Z", "ms": -1916518395292.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-10T10:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-10T02:51:40Z", "ms": -1916428099646.8916 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-09T21:52:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-09T13:52:08Z", "ms": -1916474871521.9304 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-09T21:52:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-09T13:52:08Z", "ms": -1916474871521.9304 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-10T22:51:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-10T14:51:57Z", "ms": -1916384883382.292 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-10T22:51:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-10T14:51:57Z", "ms": -1916384883382.292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:47 on Fri 9 Apr to 10:52 on Sat 10 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-09T01:46:45Z → 1909-04-10T02:51:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:52 on the 9th and 22:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 43216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Friday 9 April. Caturthī runs from 09:47 on Fri 9 Apr to 10:52 on Sat 10 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-04-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22112, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1909-04-13T11:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-13T03:57:50Z", "ms": -1916164930164.7385 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-14T09:00:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-14T01:00:52Z", "ms": -1913497147623.5725 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1909-04-13T11:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-13T03:57:50Z", "ms": -1916164930164.7385 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-13T11:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-13T03:57:50Z", "ms": -1916164930164.7385 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-12T05:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-11T21:50:29Z", "ms": -1916273370673.4607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-13T05:49:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-12T21:49:17Z", "ms": -1916187042657.7302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-13T05:49:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-12T21:49:17Z", "ms": -1916187042657.7302 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-14T05:48:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-13T21:48:06Z", "ms": -1916100714098.623 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 11:58 on Tue 13 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-13T03:57:50Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:50 on the 12th, and from 05:49 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 22112 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1909-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1909-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vaiśākhī 1909 falls on Tuesday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 11:58 on Tue 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-04-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 560, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-16T05:36:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-15T21:36:25Z", "ms": -1915928615244.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-17T02:42:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-16T18:42:03Z", "ms": -1915852677169.82 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-16T05:36:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-15T21:36:25Z", "ms": -1915928615244.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-17T02:42:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-16T18:42:03Z", "ms": -1915852677169.82 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-16T05:45:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-15T21:45:45Z", "ms": -1915928055238.661 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-16T05:45:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-15T21:45:45Z", "ms": -1915928055238.661 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-17T05:44:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-16T21:44:35Z", "ms": -1915841724883.8096 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-17T05:44:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-16T21:44:35Z", "ms": -1915841724883.8096 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:36 on Fri 16 Apr to 02:42 on Sat 17 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-15T21:36:25Z → 1909-04-16T18:42:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:46 on the 16th and 05:45 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 560 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Friday 16 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:36 on Fri 16 Apr to 02:42 on Sat 17 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-04-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1054, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-17T23:25:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-17T15:25:00Z", "ms": -1915778100270.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-18T19:54:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T11:54:09Z", "ms": -1915704351489.3496 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-17T23:25:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-17T15:25:00Z", "ms": -1915778100270.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-18T19:54:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T11:54:09Z", "ms": -1915704351489.3496 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-17T18:43:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-17T10:43:15Z", "ms": -1915795004757.2231 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-17T20:11:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-17T12:11:17Z", "ms": -1915789723306.6602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-18T18:43:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T10:43:56Z", "ms": -1915708563994.1592 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-18T20:11:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T12:11:43Z", "ms": -1915703297087.8484 } }, "covered_min": 70, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Sat 17 Apr to 19:54 on Sun 18 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-17T15:25:00Z → 1909-04-18T11:54:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:11 on the 17th, 18:44–20:12 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 17th and 70 of 88 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1054 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Sunday 18 April. Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Sat 17 Apr to 19:54 on Sun 18 Apr and covers 70 of 88 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-04-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-04-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14098, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-18T19:54:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T11:54:09Z", "ms": -1915704351489.3496 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-19T16:19:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-19T08:19:24Z", "ms": -1915630836446.4377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-18T19:54:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T11:54:09Z", "ms": -1915704351489.3496 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-19T16:19:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-19T08:19:24Z", "ms": -1915630836446.4377 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-18T23:49:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T15:49:07Z", "ms": -1915690253095.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-19T00:37:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-18T16:37:07Z", "ms": -1915687373095.4932 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-19T23:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-19T15:48:54Z", "ms": -1915603866469.6367 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-20T00:36:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-19T16:36:54Z", "ms": -1915600986469.6367 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:54 on Sun 18 Apr to 16:19 on Mon 19 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-18T11:54:09Z → 1909-04-19T08:19:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 18th, 23:49–00:37 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14098 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Sunday 18 April. Caturdaśī runs from 19:54 on Sun 18 Apr to 16:19 on Mon 19 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-04-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3011, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T06:55:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z", "ms": -1915405448549.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T06:55:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z", "ms": -1915405448549.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T05:38:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T21:38:57Z", "ms": -1915410062869.0076 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-22T10:01:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T02:01:31Z", "ms": -1915394308548.1396 } }, "covered_min": 186, "window_min": 263, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-23T05:37:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T21:37:52Z", "ms": -1915323728255.0142 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T10:01:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T02:01:02Z", "ms": -1915307938388.4094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 263, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:56 on Thu 22 Apr to 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z → 1909-04-22T20:47:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:39–10:02 on the 22nd, 05:38–10:01 on the 23rd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 186 of 263 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 263 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3011 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1909 falls on Thursday 22 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:56 on Thu 22 Apr to 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr and covers 186 of 263 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30851, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T06:55:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z", "ms": -1915405448549.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T06:55:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z", "ms": -1915405448549.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-21T18:45:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T10:45:59Z", "ms": -1915449241072.439 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-21T20:13:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-21T12:13:03Z", "ms": -1915444017311.9814 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-22T18:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T10:46:40Z", "ms": -1915362799906.404 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-22T20:13:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T12:13:30Z", "ms": -1915357590352.8855 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:56 on Thu 22 Apr to 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-21T22:55:51Z → 1909-04-22T20:47:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:13 on the 21st, 18:47–20:13 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 21st and 87 of 87 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30851 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1909 falls on Thursday 22 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:56 on Thu 22 Apr to 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-04-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-24T03:22:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T19:22:34Z", "ms": -1915245445564.051 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-23T04:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z", "ms": -1915326739256.542 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-24T03:22:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T19:22:34Z", "ms": -1915245445564.051 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-23T11:48:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T03:48:37Z", "ms": -1915301483455.107 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-23T12:36:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T04:36:37Z", "ms": -1915298603455.107 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-24T11:48:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T03:48:25Z", "ms": -1915215095087.3096 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-24T12:36:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T04:36:25Z", "ms": -1915212215087.3096 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr to 03:23 on Sat 24 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-22T20:47:41Z → 1909-04-23T19:22:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 23rd, 11:48–12:36 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Friday 23 April. Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Fri 23 Apr to 03:23 on Sat 24 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-24T03:22:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T19:22:34Z", "ms": -1915245445564.051 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-25T02:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T18:45:00Z", "ms": -1915161299835.492 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-24T03:22:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-23T19:22:34Z", "ms": -1915245445564.051 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-25T02:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T18:45:00Z", "ms": -1915161299835.492 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-24T11:48:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T03:48:25Z", "ms": -1915215095087.3096 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-24T12:36:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-24T04:36:25Z", "ms": -1915212215087.3096 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-25T11:48:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-25T03:48:14Z", "ms": -1915128706275.068 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-25T12:36:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-25T04:36:14Z", "ms": -1915125826275.068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:23 on Sat 24 Apr to 02:45 on Sun 25 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-23T19:22:34Z → 1909-04-24T18:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 24th, 11:48–12:36 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1909 falls on Saturday 24 April. Pañcamī runs from 03:23 on Sat 24 Apr to 02:45 on Sun 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28516, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-26T02:55:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-25T18:55:59Z", "ms": -1915074240613.146 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-27T03:52:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-26T19:52:36Z", "ms": -1914984443676.608 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-26T02:55:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-25T18:55:59Z", "ms": -1915074240613.146 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-27T03:52:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-26T19:52:36Z", "ms": -1914984443676.608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-26T11:48:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-26T03:48:03Z", "ms": -1915042317008.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-26T12:36:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-26T04:36:03Z", "ms": -1915039437008.6533 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-27T11:47:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-27T03:47:53Z", "ms": -1914955927278.0098 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-27T12:35:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-27T04:35:53Z", "ms": -1914953047278.0098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:56 on Mon 26 Apr to 03:53 on Tue 27 Apr.", "fact": "1909-04-25T18:55:59Z → 1909-04-26T19:52:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 26th, 11:48–12:36 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28516 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1909 falls on Monday 26 April. Saptamī runs from 02:56 on Mon 26 Apr to 03:53 on Tue 27 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15764, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-04-30T09:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-30T01:53:21Z", "ms": -1914703598622.1187 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-04-30T09:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-30T01:53:21Z", "ms": -1914703598622.1187 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-04-30T05:30:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-29T21:30:38Z", "ms": -1914719362365.0835 }, "end": { "local": "1909-04-30T05:30:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-29T21:30:38Z", "ms": -1914719362365.0835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T05:29:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-30T21:29:39Z", "ms": -1914633020699.643 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-01T05:29:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-04-30T21:29:39Z", "ms": -1914633020699.643 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:53 on Fri 30 Apr to 12:20 on Sat 1 May.", "fact": "1909-04-30T01:53:21Z → 1909-05-01T04:19:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:31 on the 30th and 05:30 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15764 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 1 May. Ekādaśī runs from 09:53 on Fri 30 Apr to 12:20 on Sat 1 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 928, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T11:47:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T03:47:16Z", "ms": -1914610363509.3662 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:35:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:35:16Z", "ms": -1914607483509.3662 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-02T11:47:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T03:47:09Z", "ms": -1914523971305.5864 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T12:35:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T04:35:09Z", "ms": -1914521091305.5864 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:20 on Sat 1 May to 14:41 on Sun 2 May.", "fact": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z → 1909-05-02T06:41:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 1st, 11:47–12:35 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 928 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 1 May. Dvādaśī runs from 12:20 on Sat 1 May to 14:41 on Sun 2 May and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 928, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z", "ms": -1914608411796.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-01T11:47:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T03:47:16Z", "ms": -1914610363509.3662 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-01T12:35:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-01T04:35:16Z", "ms": -1914607483509.3662 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-02T11:47:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T03:47:09Z", "ms": -1914523971305.5864 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T12:35:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T04:35:09Z", "ms": -1914521091305.5864 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:20 on Sat 1 May to 14:41 on Sun 2 May.", "fact": "1909-05-01T04:19:48Z → 1909-05-02T06:41:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 1st, 11:47–12:35 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 928 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 1 May. Dvādaśī runs from 12:20 on Sat 1 May to 14:41 on Sun 2 May and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-05-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7484, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-03T16:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T08:49:33Z", "ms": -1914419426986.2458 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-02T14:41:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z", "ms": -1914513528538.114 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-03T16:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T08:49:33Z", "ms": -1914419426986.2458 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-02T18:53:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T10:53:35Z", "ms": -1914498384575.8467 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-02T20:18:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-02T12:18:09Z", "ms": -1914493311211.8755 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-03T18:54:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T10:54:17Z", "ms": -1914411942809.56 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-03T20:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T12:18:38Z", "ms": -1914406882382.408 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 2 May to 16:50 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1909-05-02T06:41:11Z → 1909-05-03T08:49:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:18 on the 2nd, 18:54–20:19 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 84 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7484 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Sunday 2 May. Trayodaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 2 May to 16:50 on Mon 3 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-05-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 933, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-03T16:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T08:49:33Z", "ms": -1914419426986.2458 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-03T16:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T08:49:33Z", "ms": -1914419426986.2458 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-03T18:54:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T10:54:17Z", "ms": -1914411942809.56 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-03T20:18:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-03T12:18:38Z", "ms": -1914406882382.408 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:54:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:54:59Z", "ms": -1914325501027.7412 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-04T20:19:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T12:19:07Z", "ms": -1914320453395.9255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:50 on Mon 3 May to 18:39 on Tue 4 May.", "fact": "1909-05-03T08:49:33Z → 1909-05-04T10:39:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:19 on the 3rd, 18:55–20:19 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 84 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 933 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1909 falls on Monday 3 May. Caturdaśī runs from 16:50 on Mon 3 May to 18:39 on Tue 4 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1914234747038.8123 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1914234747038.8123 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T11:46:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T03:46:55Z", "ms": -1914351185316.8306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-04T12:34:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T04:34:55Z", "ms": -1914348305316.8306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-05T11:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T03:46:48Z", "ms": -1914264791513.7715 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T12:34:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T04:34:48Z", "ms": -1914261911513.7715 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:39 on Tue 4 May to 20:08 on Wed 5 May.", "fact": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z → 1909-05-05T12:07:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 4th, 11:47–12:35 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1909 falls on Wednesday 5 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:39 on Tue 4 May to 20:08 on Wed 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1914234747038.8123 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T18:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z", "ms": -1914326433854.6396 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1914234747038.8123 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-04T11:46:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T03:46:55Z", "ms": -1914351185316.8306 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-04T12:34:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-04T04:34:55Z", "ms": -1914348305316.8306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-05T11:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T03:46:48Z", "ms": -1914264791513.7715 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-05T12:34:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-05T04:34:48Z", "ms": -1914261911513.7715 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:39 on Tue 4 May to 20:08 on Wed 5 May.", "fact": "1909-05-04T10:39:26Z → 1909-05-05T12:07:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 4th, 11:47–12:35 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 5 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:39 on Tue 4 May to 20:08 on Wed 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-05-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-08T22:06:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-08T14:06:38Z", "ms": -1913968401577.5483 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-09T21:55:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-09T13:55:16Z", "ms": -1913882684355.2522 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-08T22:06:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-08T14:06:38Z", "ms": -1913968401577.5483 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-09T21:55:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-09T13:55:16Z", "ms": -1913882684355.2522 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-08T21:46:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-08T13:46:42Z", "ms": -1913969597806.2366 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-08T21:46:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-08T13:46:42Z", "ms": -1913969597806.2366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-09T22:46:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-09T14:46:15Z", "ms": -1913879625109.525 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-09T22:46:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-09T14:46:15Z", "ms": -1913879625109.525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Sat 8 May to 21:55 on Sun 9 May.", "fact": "1909-05-08T14:06:38Z → 1909-05-09T13:55:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:47 on the 8th and 22:46 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Saturday 8 May. Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Sat 8 May to 21:55 on Sun 9 May, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13064, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-15T11:46:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-15T03:46:13Z", "ms": -1913400826970.5735 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-16T08:55:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T00:55:02Z", "ms": -1913324697507.9456 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-15T11:46:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-15T03:46:13Z", "ms": -1913400826970.5735 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-16T08:55:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T00:55:02Z", "ms": -1913324697507.9456 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-15T05:17:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-14T21:17:59Z", "ms": -1913424120953.3296 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-15T05:17:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-14T21:17:59Z", "ms": -1913424120953.3296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-16T05:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-15T21:17:18Z", "ms": -1913337761698.4268 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-16T05:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-15T21:17:18Z", "ms": -1913337761698.4268 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:46 on Sat 15 May to 08:55 on Sun 16 May.", "fact": "1909-05-15T03:46:13Z → 1909-05-16T00:55:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:18 on the 15th and 05:17 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13064 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Aparā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Sunday 16 May. Ekādaśī runs from 11:46 on Sat 15 May to 08:55 on Sun 16 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-05-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-17T05:57:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T21:57:18Z", "ms": -1913248962290.589 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-18T03:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T19:00:27Z", "ms": -1913173173130.19 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-17T05:57:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T21:57:18Z", "ms": -1913248962290.589 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-18T03:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T19:00:27Z", "ms": -1913173173130.19 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-16T19:03:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T11:03:18Z", "ms": -1913288202380.9446 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-16T20:25:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-16T12:25:04Z", "ms": -1913283295543.2014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-17T19:03:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T11:03:58Z", "ms": -1913201761550.8674 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-17T20:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T12:25:35Z", "ms": -1913196865229.0757 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:57 on Mon 17 May to 03:00 on Tue 18 May.", "fact": "1909-05-16T21:57:18Z → 1909-05-17T19:00:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:25 on the 16th, 19:04–20:26 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 82 minutes on the 16th and 82 of 82 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Monday 17 May. Trayodaśī runs from 05:57 on Mon 17 May to 03:00 on Tue 18 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-05-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-05-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-18T03:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T19:00:27Z", "ms": -1913173173130.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-19T00:12:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-18T16:12:33Z", "ms": -1913096846840.745 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-18T03:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T19:00:27Z", "ms": -1913173173130.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-19T00:12:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-18T16:12:33Z", "ms": -1913096846840.745 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-17T23:46:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T15:46:00Z", "ms": -1913184840344.1484 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-18T00:34:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-17T16:34:00Z", "ms": -1913181960344.1484 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-18T23:46:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-18T15:46:02Z", "ms": -1913098438373.1558 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-19T00:34:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-18T16:34:02Z", "ms": -1913095558373.1558 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:00 on Tue 18 May to 00:13 on Wed 19 May.", "fact": "1909-05-17T19:00:27Z → 1909-05-18T16:12:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 17th, 23:46–00:34 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 27 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Tuesday 18 May. Caturdaśī runs from 03:00 on Tue 18 May to 00:13 on Wed 19 May and covers 27 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16492, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-05-21T18:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-21T10:03:41Z", "ms": -1912859779296.1038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-22T17:09:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T09:09:23Z", "ms": -1912776637013.903 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-21T18:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-21T10:03:41Z", "ms": -1912859779296.1038 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-22T17:09:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T09:09:23Z", "ms": -1912776637013.903 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-21T11:46:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-21T03:46:27Z", "ms": -1912882412866.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-21T12:34:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-21T04:34:27Z", "ms": -1912879532866.0952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-22T11:46:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T03:46:31Z", "ms": -1912796009405.8193 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-22T12:34:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T04:34:31Z", "ms": -1912793129405.8193 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:04 on Fri 21 May to 17:09 on Sat 22 May.", "fact": "1909-05-21T10:03:41Z → 1909-05-22T09:09:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 21st, 11:47–12:35 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16492 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1909 falls on Saturday 22 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:04 on Fri 21 May to 17:09 on Sat 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-05-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15768, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-22T17:09:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T09:09:23Z", "ms": -1912776637013.903 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-23T16:57:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-23T08:57:22Z", "ms": -1912690957895.3208 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-22T17:09:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T09:09:23Z", "ms": -1912776637013.903 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-23T16:57:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-23T08:57:22Z", "ms": -1912690957895.3208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-22T11:46:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T03:46:31Z", "ms": -1912796009405.8193 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-22T12:34:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-22T04:34:31Z", "ms": -1912793129405.8193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-23T11:46:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-23T03:46:35Z", "ms": -1912709605430.367 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-23T12:34:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-23T04:34:35Z", "ms": -1912706725430.367 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:09 on Sat 22 May to 16:57 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1909-05-22T09:09:23Z → 1909-05-23T08:57:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 22nd, 11:47–12:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15768 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Sunday 23 May. Caturthī runs from 17:09 on Sat 22 May to 16:57 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-05-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T17:28:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z", "ms": -1912602692094.442 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T18:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T10:39:56Z", "ms": -1912512004472.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T17:28:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z", "ms": -1912602692094.442 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T18:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T10:39:56Z", "ms": -1912512004472.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T11:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T03:46:39Z", "ms": -1912623200951.0134 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-24T12:34:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T04:34:39Z", "ms": -1912620320951.0134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-25T11:46:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T03:46:44Z", "ms": -1912536795979.9043 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T12:34:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T04:34:44Z", "ms": -1912533915979.9043 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:28 on Mon 24 May to 18:40 on Tue 25 May.", "fact": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z → 1909-05-25T10:39:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 24th, 11:47–12:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 25 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:28 on Mon 24 May to 18:40 on Tue 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T17:28:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z", "ms": -1912602692094.442 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T18:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T10:39:56Z", "ms": -1912512004472.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T17:28:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z", "ms": -1912602692094.442 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T18:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T10:39:56Z", "ms": -1912512004472.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-24T11:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T03:46:39Z", "ms": -1912623200951.0134 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-24T12:34:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-24T04:34:39Z", "ms": -1912620320951.0134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-25T11:46:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T03:46:44Z", "ms": -1912536795979.9043 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-25T12:34:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-25T04:34:44Z", "ms": -1912533915979.9043 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:28 on Mon 24 May to 18:40 on Tue 25 May.", "fact": "1909-05-24T09:28:28Z → 1909-05-25T10:39:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 24th, 11:47–12:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1909 falls on Tuesday 25 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:28 on Mon 24 May to 18:40 on Tue 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-30T03:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-29T19:14:51Z", "ms": -1912135508925.3303 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:21:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:21:51Z", "ms": -1912041488593.8813 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-30T03:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-29T19:14:51Z", "ms": -1912135508925.3303 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:21:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:21:51Z", "ms": -1912041488593.8813 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-30T05:10:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-29T21:10:14Z", "ms": -1912128585677.801 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-30T05:10:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-29T21:10:14Z", "ms": -1912128585677.801 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:09:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:09:55Z", "ms": -1912042205123.2412 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:09:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:09:55Z", "ms": -1912042205123.2412 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:15 on Sun 30 May to 05:22 on Mon 31 May.", "fact": "1909-05-29T19:14:51Z → 1909-05-30T21:21:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:10 on the 30th and 05:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 31 May. Ekādaśī runs from 03:15 on Sun 30 May to 05:22 on Mon 31 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-05-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16834, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:21:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:21:51Z", "ms": -1912041488593.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-01T07:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T23:06:58Z", "ms": -1911948782202.9507 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-05-31T05:21:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-30T21:21:51Z", "ms": -1912041488593.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-01T07:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T23:06:58Z", "ms": -1911948782202.9507 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-31T11:47:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T03:47:24Z", "ms": -1912018356459.7383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-31T12:35:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T04:35:24Z", "ms": -1912015476459.7383 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-01T11:47:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-01T03:47:32Z", "ms": -1911931948369.1592 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-01T12:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-01T04:35:32Z", "ms": -1911929068369.1592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:22 on Mon 31 May to 07:07 on Tue 1 Jun.", "fact": "1909-05-30T21:21:51Z → 1909-05-31T23:06:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 31st, 11:48–12:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16834 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 31 May. Dvādaśī runs from 05:22 on Mon 31 May to 07:07 on Tue 1 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-06-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-01T07:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T23:06:58Z", "ms": -1911948782202.9507 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-02T08:24:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-02T00:24:04Z", "ms": -1911857756496.8975 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-01T07:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T23:06:58Z", "ms": -1911948782202.9507 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-02T08:24:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-02T00:24:04Z", "ms": -1911857756496.8975 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-05-31T19:12:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T11:12:52Z", "ms": -1911991627796.235 }, "end": { "local": "1909-05-31T20:32:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-05-31T12:32:26Z", "ms": -1911986853834.7847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-01T19:13:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-01T11:13:26Z", "ms": -1911905193652.9617 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-01T20:32:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-01T12:32:54Z", "ms": -1911900426440.583 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:07 on Tue 1 Jun to 08:24 on Wed 2 Jun.", "fact": "1909-05-31T23:06:58Z → 1909-06-02T00:24:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:13–20:32 on the 31st, 19:13–20:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 31st and 79 of 79 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 1 June. Trayodaśī runs from 07:07 on Tue 1 Jun to 08:24 on Wed 2 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35436, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-06-03T09:10:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-03T01:10:04Z", "ms": -1911768595860.22 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-04T09:24:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-04T01:24:29Z", "ms": -1911681331187.5015 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-03T09:10:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-03T01:10:04Z", "ms": -1911768595860.22 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-04T09:24:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-04T01:24:29Z", "ms": -1911681331187.5015 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-03T19:14:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-03T11:14:33Z", "ms": -1911732327477.9805 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-03T20:33:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-03T12:33:47Z", "ms": -1911727572885.669 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-04T19:15:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-04T11:15:04Z", "ms": -1911645895503.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-04T20:34:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-04T12:34:13Z", "ms": -1911641146774.2131 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:10 on Thu 3 Jun to 09:24 on Fri 4 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-03T01:10:04Z → 1909-06-04T01:24:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:34 on the 3rd, 19:15–20:34 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 79 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35436 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1909 falls on Thursday 3 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:10 on Thu 3 Jun to 09:24 on Fri 4 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-06-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26241, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-07T07:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-06T23:17:18Z", "ms": -1911429762353.026 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-08T05:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-07T21:48:28Z", "ms": -1911348691720.9236 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-07T07:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-06T23:17:18Z", "ms": -1911429762353.026 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-08T05:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-07T21:48:28Z", "ms": -1911348691720.9236 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-06T21:37:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-06T13:37:28Z", "ms": -1911464552011.2114 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-06T21:37:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-06T13:37:28Z", "ms": -1911464552011.2114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-07T22:31:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-07T14:31:08Z", "ms": -1911374932422.6782 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-07T22:31:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-07T14:31:08Z", "ms": -1911374932422.6782 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Mon 7 Jun to 05:48 on Tue 8 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-06T23:17:18Z → 1909-06-07T21:48:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:37 on the 6th and 22:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26241 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Monday 7 June. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Mon 7 Jun to 05:48 on Tue 8 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-06-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-06-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-13T16:48:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-13T08:48:05Z", "ms": -1910877115484.011 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-14T14:29:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-14T06:29:28Z", "ms": -1910799031530.2249 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-13T16:48:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-13T08:48:05Z", "ms": -1910877115484.011 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-14T14:29:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-14T06:29:28Z", "ms": -1910799031530.2249 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-13T05:07:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-12T21:07:58Z", "ms": -1910919122367.2866 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-13T05:07:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-12T21:07:58Z", "ms": -1910919122367.2866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-14T05:07:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-13T21:07:59Z", "ms": -1910832721038.0872 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-14T05:07:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-13T21:07:59Z", "ms": -1910832721038.0872 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:48 on Sun 13 Jun to 14:29 on Mon 14 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-13T08:48:05Z → 1909-06-14T06:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 13th and 05:08 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 14 June. Ekādaśī runs from 16:48 on Sun 13 Jun to 14:29 on Mon 14 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-06-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-15T12:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T04:19:10Z", "ms": -1910720449502.0278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-16T10:22:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T02:22:03Z", "ms": -1910641076705.7158 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-15T12:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T04:19:10Z", "ms": -1910720449502.0278 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-16T10:22:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T02:22:03Z", "ms": -1910641076705.7158 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-15T19:19:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T11:19:58Z", "ms": -1910695201730.1938 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-15T20:38:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T12:38:23Z", "ms": -1910690496712.9458 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-16T19:20:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T11:20:19Z", "ms": -1910608781097.7463 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-16T20:38:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T12:38:42Z", "ms": -1910604078089.0247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:19 on Tue 15 Jun to 10:22 on Wed 16 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-15T04:19:10Z → 1909-06-16T02:22:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:38 on the 15th, 19:20–20:39 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 78 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25248 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 15 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 15 June. Trayodaśī runs from 12:19 on Tue 15 Jun to 10:22 on Wed 16 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-06-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-06-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-16T10:22:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T02:22:03Z", "ms": -1910641076705.7158 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-17T08:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-17T00:43:18Z", "ms": -1910560602140.11 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-16T10:22:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T02:22:03Z", "ms": -1910641076705.7158 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-17T08:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-17T00:43:18Z", "ms": -1910560602140.11 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-15T23:50:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T15:50:02Z", "ms": -1910678997915.5132 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-16T00:38:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-15T16:38:02Z", "ms": -1910676117915.5132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-16T23:50:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T15:50:15Z", "ms": -1910592584815.04 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-17T00:38:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-16T16:38:15Z", "ms": -1910589704815.04 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:22 on Wed 16 Jun to 08:43 on Thu 17 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-16T02:22:03Z → 1909-06-17T00:43:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:50–00:38 on the 15th, 23:50–00:38 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Wednesday 16 June. Caturdaśī runs from 10:22 on Wed 16 Jun to 08:43 on Thu 17 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-06-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18550, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-06-19T06:41:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-18T22:41:40Z", "ms": -1910395099689.039 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-20T06:27:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-19T22:27:59Z", "ms": -1910309520794.2043 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-19T06:41:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-18T22:41:40Z", "ms": -1910395099689.039 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-20T06:27:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-19T22:27:59Z", "ms": -1910309520794.2043 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-19T11:50:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-19T03:50:50Z", "ms": -1910376549786.167 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-19T12:38:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-19T04:38:50Z", "ms": -1910373669786.167 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-20T11:51:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-20T03:51:03Z", "ms": -1910290137074.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-20T12:39:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-20T04:39:03Z", "ms": -1910287257074.8728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 06:42 on Sat 19 Jun to 06:28 on Sun 20 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-18T22:41:40Z → 1909-06-19T22:27:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 19th, 11:51–12:39 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18550 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rathayātrā 1909 falls on Saturday 19 June. Dvitīyā runs from 06:42 on Sat 19 Jun to 06:28 on Sun 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-06-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14635, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-21T06:49:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-20T22:49:49Z", "ms": -1910221811094.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-22T07:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T23:47:34Z", "ms": -1910131946245.9075 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-21T06:49:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-20T22:49:49Z", "ms": -1910221811094.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-22T07:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T23:47:34Z", "ms": -1910131946245.9075 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-21T11:51:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T03:51:16Z", "ms": -1910203724356.2798 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-21T12:39:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T04:39:16Z", "ms": -1910200844356.2798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-22T11:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-22T03:51:28Z", "ms": -1910117311656.9568 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-22T12:39:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-22T04:39:28Z", "ms": -1910114431656.9568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:50 on Mon 21 Jun to 07:48 on Tue 22 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-20T22:49:49Z → 1909-06-21T23:47:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 21st, 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14635 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Monday 21 June. Caturthī runs from 06:50 on Mon 21 Jun to 07:48 on Tue 22 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-22T07:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T23:47:34Z", "ms": -1910131946245.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-23T09:18:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-23T01:18:35Z", "ms": -1910040085423.4473 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-22T07:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-21T23:47:34Z", "ms": -1910131946245.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-23T09:18:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-23T01:18:35Z", "ms": -1910040085423.4473 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-22T11:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-22T03:51:28Z", "ms": -1910117311656.9568 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-22T12:39:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-22T04:39:28Z", "ms": -1910114431656.9568 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-23T11:51:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-23T03:51:41Z", "ms": -1910030899002.775 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-23T12:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-23T04:39:41Z", "ms": -1910028019002.775 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:48 on Tue 22 Jun to 09:19 on Wed 23 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-21T23:47:34Z → 1909-06-23T01:18:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9186 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Skanda Pañcamī 1909 falls on Tuesday 22 June. Pañcamī runs from 07:48 on Tue 22 Jun to 09:19 on Wed 23 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-24T11:16:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-24T03:16:39Z", "ms": -1909946600688.5 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-25T13:32:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-25T05:32:08Z", "ms": -1909852072250.4045 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-24T11:16:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-24T03:16:39Z", "ms": -1909946600688.5 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-25T13:32:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-25T05:32:08Z", "ms": -1909852072250.4045 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-24T11:51:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-24T03:51:54Z", "ms": -1909944486418.8413 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-24T12:39:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-24T04:39:54Z", "ms": -1909941606418.8413 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-25T11:52:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-25T03:52:06Z", "ms": -1909858073929.5322 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-25T12:40:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-25T04:40:06Z", "ms": -1909855193929.5322 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:17 on Thu 24 Jun to 13:32 on Fri 25 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-24T03:16:39Z → 1909-06-25T05:32:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 24th, 11:52–12:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 2114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vivasvat Saptamī 1909 falls on Thursday 24 June. Saptamī runs from 11:17 on Thu 24 Jun to 13:32 on Fri 25 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-06-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-28T19:56:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-28T11:56:34Z", "ms": -1909569806225.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-29T21:17:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-29T13:17:17Z", "ms": -1909478562977.772 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-28T19:56:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-28T11:56:34Z", "ms": -1909569806225.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-29T21:17:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-29T13:17:17Z", "ms": -1909478562977.772 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-29T05:10:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-28T21:10:58Z", "ms": -1909536541991.601 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-29T05:10:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-28T21:10:58Z", "ms": -1909536541991.601 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-30T05:11:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-29T21:11:19Z", "ms": -1909450120605.198 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-30T05:11:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-29T21:11:19Z", "ms": -1909450120605.198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:57 on Mon 28 Jun to 21:17 on Tue 29 Jun.", "fact": "1909-06-28T11:56:34Z → 1909-06-29T13:17:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:11 on the 29th and 05:11 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Tuesday 29 June. Ekādaśī runs from 19:57 on Mon 28 Jun to 21:17 on Tue 29 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-06-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-06-30T22:00:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-30T14:00:43Z", "ms": -1909389557229.7153 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-01T22:04:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-01T14:04:11Z", "ms": -1909302948841.2664 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-06-30T22:00:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-30T14:00:43Z", "ms": -1909389557229.7153 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-01T22:04:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-01T14:04:11Z", "ms": -1909302948841.2664 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-06-30T19:22:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-30T11:22:53Z", "ms": -1909399026803.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1909-06-30T20:41:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-06-30T12:41:24Z", "ms": -1909394316322.1665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-01T19:22:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-01T11:22:54Z", "ms": -1909312626311.7573 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-01T20:41:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-01T12:41:27Z", "ms": -1909307912774.9343 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Wed 30 Jun to 22:04 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1909-06-30T14:00:43Z → 1909-07-01T14:04:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:41 on the 30th, 19:23–20:41 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 79 minutes on the 30th and 79 of 79 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Thursday 1 July. Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Wed 30 Jun to 22:04 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-03T05:12:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T21:12:30Z", "ms": -1909190850409.2021 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T08:02:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T00:02:34Z", "ms": -1909180646284.2744 } }, "covered_min": 170, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-04T05:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T21:12:55Z", "ms": -1909104425092.5664 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-04T08:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-04T00:02:53Z", "ms": -1909094226826.2197 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z → 1909-07-03T12:17:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:12–08:03 on the 3rd, 05:13–08:03 on the 4th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 170 of 170 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 170 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vyāsa Pūjā 1909 falls on Saturday 3 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T11:53:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1909253191044.371 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-02T12:41:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T04:41:29Z", "ms": -1909250311044.371 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-03T11:53:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T03:53:40Z", "ms": -1909166780096.883 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T12:41:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T04:41:40Z", "ms": -1909163900096.883 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z → 1909-07-03T12:17:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 2nd, 11:54–12:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Guru Pūrṇimā 1909 falls on Saturday 3 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T16:32:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T08:32:43Z", "ms": -1909236436799.6433 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-02T19:22:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T11:22:53Z", "ms": -1909226227303.1582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-03T16:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T08:32:46Z", "ms": -1909150033909.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T19:22:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T11:22:50Z", "ms": -1909139829784.564 } }, "covered_min": 170, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z → 1909-07-03T12:17:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:33–19:23 on the 2nd, 16:33–19:23 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 170 minutes on the 2nd and 170 of 170 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kokilā Vrata 1909 falls on Saturday 3 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1463, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T21:28:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z", "ms": -1909218690687.5383 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:17:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:17:08Z", "ms": -1909136571805.7913 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-02T19:22:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T11:22:53Z", "ms": -1909226227303.1582 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-02T20:41:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-02T12:41:30Z", "ms": -1909221510383.964 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-03T19:22:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T11:22:50Z", "ms": -1909139829784.564 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-03T20:41:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-03T12:41:31Z", "ms": -1909135109158.9644 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-02T13:28:29Z → 1909-07-03T12:17:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:41 on the 2nd, 19:23–20:42 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 79 minutes on the 2nd and 54 of 79 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1463 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śiva Śayanotsava 1909 falls on Saturday 3 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:28 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:17 on Sat 3 Jul and covers 54 of 79 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6482, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-07-04T18:35:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-04T10:35:33Z", "ms": -1909056266824.323 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-05T16:30:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-05T08:30:18Z", "ms": -1908977382228.2039 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-04T18:35:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-04T10:35:33Z", "ms": -1909056266824.323 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-05T16:30:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-05T08:30:18Z", "ms": -1908977382228.2039 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-04T20:23:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-04T12:23:35Z", "ms": -1909049784726.7983 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-04T20:23:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-04T12:23:35Z", "ms": -1909049784726.7983 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-05T21:14:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-05T13:14:48Z", "ms": -1908960312072.7993 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-05T21:14:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-05T13:14:48Z", "ms": -1908960312072.7993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:36 on Sun 4 Jul to 16:30 on Mon 5 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-04T10:35:33Z → 1909-07-05T08:30:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:24 on the 4th and 21:15 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6482 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1909 falls on Sunday 4 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:36 on Sun 4 Jul to 16:30 on Mon 5 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-07-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-06T14:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-06T06:08:25Z", "ms": -1908899495475.5464 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-07T11:36:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-07T03:36:54Z", "ms": -1908822186407.9492 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-06T14:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-06T06:08:25Z", "ms": -1908899495475.5464 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-07T11:36:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-07T03:36:54Z", "ms": -1908822186407.9492 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-06T21:59:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-06T13:59:52Z", "ms": -1908871207758.8005 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-06T21:59:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-06T13:59:52Z", "ms": -1908871207758.8005 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-07T22:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-07T14:39:41Z", "ms": -1908782419322.6729 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-07T22:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-07T14:39:41Z", "ms": -1908782419322.6729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:08 on Tue 6 Jul to 11:37 on Wed 7 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-06T06:08:25Z → 1909-07-07T03:36:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:00 on the 6th and 22:40 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Tuesday 6 July. Caturthī runs from 14:08 on Tue 6 Jul to 11:37 on Wed 7 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-07-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25485, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-12T22:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-12T14:12:35Z", "ms": -1908352044677.1619 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-13T20:48:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-13T12:48:25Z", "ms": -1908270694660.184 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-12T22:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-12T14:12:35Z", "ms": -1908352044677.1619 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-13T20:48:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-13T12:48:25Z", "ms": -1908270694660.184 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-13T05:17:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-12T21:17:20Z", "ms": -1908326559559.7002 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-13T05:17:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-12T21:17:20Z", "ms": -1908326559559.7002 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-14T05:17:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-13T21:17:54Z", "ms": -1908240126425.763 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-14T05:17:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-13T21:17:54Z", "ms": -1908240126425.763 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 12 Jul to 20:48 on Tue 13 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-12T14:12:35Z → 1909-07-13T12:48:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:17 on the 13th and 05:18 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25485 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Tuesday 13 July. Ekādaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 12 Jul to 20:48 on Tue 13 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1209, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-14T19:43:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-14T11:43:45Z", "ms": -1908188174662.6006 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-15T19:00:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T11:00:14Z", "ms": -1908104386287.8137 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-14T19:43:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-14T11:43:45Z", "ms": -1908188174662.6006 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-15T19:00:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T11:00:14Z", "ms": -1908104386287.8137 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-14T19:20:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-14T11:20:44Z", "ms": -1908189556342.3699 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-14T20:40:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-14T12:40:25Z", "ms": -1908184774522.1677 } }, "covered_min": 57, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-15T19:20:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T11:20:23Z", "ms": -1908103176912.2505 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-15T20:40:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T12:40:12Z", "ms": -1908098387776.1995 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 14 Jul to 19:00 on Thu 15 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-14T11:43:45Z → 1909-07-15T11:00:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:21–20:40 on the 14th, 19:20–20:40 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 57 of 80 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 80 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1209 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 14 July. Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 14 Jul to 19:00 on Thu 15 Jul and covers 57 of 80 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-07-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17729, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-15T19:00:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T11:00:14Z", "ms": -1908104386287.8137 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-16T18:39:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-16T10:39:46Z", "ms": -1908019213623.3381 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-15T19:00:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T11:00:14Z", "ms": -1908104386287.8137 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-16T18:39:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-16T10:39:46Z", "ms": -1908019213623.3381 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-15T23:55:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T15:55:42Z", "ms": -1908086657652.059 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-16T00:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-15T16:43:42Z", "ms": -1908083777652.059 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-16T23:55:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-16T15:55:49Z", "ms": -1908000251279.9258 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-17T00:43:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-16T16:43:49Z", "ms": -1907997371279.9258 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:00 on Thu 15 Jul to 18:40 on Fri 16 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-15T11:00:14Z → 1909-07-16T10:39:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:56–00:44 on the 15th, 23:56–00:44 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 15 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Thursday 15 July. Caturdaśī runs from 19:00 on Thu 15 Jul to 18:40 on Fri 16 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-07-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-07-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-20T21:45:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-20T13:45:41Z", "ms": -1907662458755.3767 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-21T23:39:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-21T15:39:48Z", "ms": -1907569211803.8806 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-20T21:45:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-20T13:45:41Z", "ms": -1907662458755.3767 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-21T23:39:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-21T15:39:48Z", "ms": -1907569211803.8806 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-20T11:55:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-20T03:55:51Z", "ms": -1907697849337.0574 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-20T12:43:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-20T04:43:51Z", "ms": -1907694969337.0574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-21T11:55:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-21T03:55:54Z", "ms": -1907611445842.8682 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-21T12:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-21T04:43:54Z", "ms": -1907608565842.8682 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:46 on Tue 20 Jul to 23:40 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-20T13:45:41Z → 1909-07-21T15:39:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 20th, 11:56–12:44 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Wednesday 21 July. Caturthī runs from 21:46 on Tue 20 Jul to 23:40 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-07-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-07-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-28T11:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-28T03:22:23Z", "ms": -1907008656617.5051 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-29T11:36:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-29T03:36:17Z", "ms": -1906921422972.4138 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-28T11:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-28T03:22:23Z", "ms": -1907008656617.5051 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-29T11:36:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-29T03:36:17Z", "ms": -1906921422972.4138 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-28T05:26:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-27T21:26:25Z", "ms": -1907030015406.7947 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-28T05:26:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-27T21:26:25Z", "ms": -1907030015406.7947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-29T05:27:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-28T21:27:03Z", "ms": -1906943576804.7607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-29T05:27:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-28T21:27:03Z", "ms": -1906943576804.7607 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:22 on Wed 28 Jul to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-28T03:22:23Z → 1909-07-29T03:36:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:26 on the 28th and 05:27 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 29 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Thursday 29 July. Ekādaśī runs from 11:22 on Wed 28 Jul to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-07-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29366, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-07-30T11:02:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-30T03:02:51Z", "ms": -1906837029107.8376 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-31T09:44:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-31T01:44:03Z", "ms": -1906755356581.697 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-07-30T11:02:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-30T03:02:51Z", "ms": -1906837029107.8376 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-31T09:44:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-31T01:44:03Z", "ms": -1906755356581.697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-30T19:12:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-30T11:12:17Z", "ms": -1906807663365.489 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-30T20:34:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-30T12:34:25Z", "ms": -1906802734810.8777 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-07-31T19:11:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-31T11:11:33Z", "ms": -1906721307114.1555 }, "end": { "local": "1909-07-31T20:33:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-07-31T12:33:52Z", "ms": -1906716367531.9587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:03 on Fri 30 Jul to 09:44 on Sat 31 Jul.", "fact": "1909-07-30T03:02:51Z → 1909-07-31T01:44:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:12–20:34 on the 30th, 19:12–20:34 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 82 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 82 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29366 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Friday 30 July. Trayodaśī runs from 11:03 on Fri 30 Jul to 09:44 on Sat 31 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-07-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-08-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-04T19:56:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-04T11:56:20Z", "ms": -1906373019914.471 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-05T16:47:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-05T08:47:48Z", "ms": -1906297931685.828 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-04T19:56:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-04T11:56:20Z", "ms": -1906373019914.471 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-05T16:47:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-05T08:47:48Z", "ms": -1906297931685.828 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-04T21:14:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-04T13:14:30Z", "ms": -1906368330166.028 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-04T21:14:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-04T13:14:30Z", "ms": -1906368330166.028 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-05T21:49:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-05T13:49:57Z", "ms": -1906279802759.374 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-05T21:49:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-05T13:49:57Z", "ms": -1906279802759.374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:56 on Wed 4 Aug to 16:48 on Thu 5 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-04T11:56:20Z → 1909-08-05T08:47:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:14 on the 4th and 21:50 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Wednesday 4 August. Caturthī runs from 19:56 on Wed 4 Aug to 16:48 on Thu 5 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-08-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-11T05:22:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-10T21:22:17Z", "ms": -1905820663447.9224 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-12T05:04:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-11T21:04:10Z", "ms": -1905735349769.4404 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-11T05:22:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-10T21:22:17Z", "ms": -1905820663447.9224 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-12T05:04:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-11T21:04:10Z", "ms": -1905735349769.4404 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-11T05:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-10T21:35:32Z", "ms": -1905819868142.546 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-11T05:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-10T21:35:32Z", "ms": -1905819868142.546 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-12T05:36:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-11T21:36:11Z", "ms": -1905733428952.0078 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-12T05:36:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-11T21:36:11Z", "ms": -1905733428952.0078 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:22 on Wed 11 Aug to 05:04 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-10T21:22:17Z → 1909-08-11T21:04:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:36 on the 11th and 05:36 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Wednesday 11 August. Ekādaśī runs from 05:22 on Wed 11 Aug to 05:04 on Thu 12 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-08-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31542, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-13T05:11:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-12T21:11:39Z", "ms": -1905648500638.949 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-14T05:43:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T21:43:10Z", "ms": -1905560210016.2273 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-13T05:11:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-12T21:11:39Z", "ms": -1905648500638.949 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-14T05:43:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T21:43:10Z", "ms": -1905560210016.2273 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-12T19:01:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-12T11:01:13Z", "ms": -1905685127405.7817 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-12T20:25:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-12T12:25:58Z", "ms": -1905680042394.165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-13T19:00:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T11:00:14Z", "ms": -1905598786327.8264 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-13T20:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T12:25:12Z", "ms": -1905593688251.561 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:12 on Fri 13 Aug to 05:43 on Sat 14 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-12T21:11:39Z → 1909-08-13T21:43:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:26 on the 12th, 19:00–20:25 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 12th and 85 of 85 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31542 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Friday 13 August. Trayodaśī runs from 05:12 on Fri 13 Aug to 05:43 on Sat 14 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-08-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-08-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-14T05:43:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T21:43:10Z", "ms": -1905560210016.2273 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-15T06:37:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-14T22:37:39Z", "ms": -1905470541031.98 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-14T05:43:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T21:43:10Z", "ms": -1905560210016.2273 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-15T06:37:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-14T22:37:39Z", "ms": -1905470541031.98 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-13T23:54:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T15:54:51Z", "ms": -1905581108541.831 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-14T00:42:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-13T16:42:51Z", "ms": -1905578228541.831 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-14T23:54:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-14T15:54:41Z", "ms": -1905494719017.1992 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-15T00:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-14T16:42:41Z", "ms": -1905491839017.1992 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:43 on Sat 14 Aug to 06:38 on Sun 15 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-13T21:43:10Z → 1909-08-14T22:37:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 13th, 23:55–00:43 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Saturday 14 August. Caturdaśī runs from 05:43 on Sat 14 Aug to 06:38 on Sun 15 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-08-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-08-18T11:32:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-18T03:32:06Z", "ms": -1905193673715.3542 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-19T13:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T05:48:17Z", "ms": -1905099103030.7642 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-18T11:32:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-18T03:32:06Z", "ms": -1905193673715.3542 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-19T13:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T05:48:17Z", "ms": -1905099103030.7642 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-18T11:53:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-18T03:53:34Z", "ms": -1905192385535.2954 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-18T12:41:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-18T04:41:34Z", "ms": -1905189505535.2954 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-19T11:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T03:53:21Z", "ms": -1905105998583.8389 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-19T12:41:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T04:41:21Z", "ms": -1905103118583.8389 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:32 on Wed 18 Aug to 13:48 on Thu 19 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-18T03:32:06Z → 1909-08-19T05:48:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 18th, 11:53–12:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1909 falls on Thursday 19 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:32 on Wed 18 Aug to 13:48 on Thu 19 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-08-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4016, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-19T13:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T05:48:17Z", "ms": -1905099103030.7642 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-20T16:15:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T08:15:54Z", "ms": -1905003846156.2852 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-19T13:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T05:48:17Z", "ms": -1905099103030.7642 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-20T16:15:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T08:15:54Z", "ms": -1905003846156.2852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-19T11:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T03:53:21Z", "ms": -1905105998583.8389 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-19T12:41:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-19T04:41:21Z", "ms": -1905103118583.8389 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-20T11:53:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T03:53:08Z", "ms": -1905019612133.2588 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-20T12:41:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T04:41:08Z", "ms": -1905016732133.2588 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:48 on Thu 19 Aug to 16:16 on Fri 20 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-19T05:48:17Z → 1909-08-20T08:15:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4016 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Friday 20 August. Caturthī runs from 13:48 on Thu 19 Aug to 16:16 on Fri 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-08-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12886, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-20T16:15:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T08:15:54Z", "ms": -1905003846156.2852 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-21T18:46:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-21T10:46:10Z", "ms": -1904908430295.627 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-20T16:15:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T08:15:54Z", "ms": -1905003846156.2852 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-21T18:46:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-21T10:46:10Z", "ms": -1904908430295.627 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-20T11:53:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T03:53:08Z", "ms": -1905019612133.2588 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-20T12:41:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-20T04:41:08Z", "ms": -1905016732133.2588 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-21T11:52:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-21T03:52:54Z", "ms": -1904933226174.1204 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-21T12:40:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-21T04:40:54Z", "ms": -1904930346174.1204 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:16 on Fri 20 Aug to 18:46 on Sat 21 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-20T08:15:54Z → 1909-08-21T10:46:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:53–12:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12886 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Nāga Pañcamī 1909 falls on Saturday 21 August. Pañcamī runs from 16:16 on Fri 20 Aug to 18:46 on Sat 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-08-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-27T01:05:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-26T17:05:20Z", "ms": -1904453680479.687 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T00:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T16:04:45Z", "ms": -1904370914605.6707 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-27T01:05:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-26T17:05:20Z", "ms": -1904453680479.687 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T00:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T16:04:45Z", "ms": -1904370914605.6707 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-27T05:45:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-26T21:45:46Z", "ms": -1904436853590.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-27T05:45:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-26T21:45:46Z", "ms": -1904436853590.1672 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T05:46:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T21:46:24Z", "ms": -1904350416323.6094 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T05:46:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T21:46:24Z", "ms": -1904350416323.6094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Fri 27 Aug to 00:05 on Sat 28 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-26T17:05:20Z → 1909-08-27T16:04:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:46 on the 27th and 05:46 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Putradā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Friday 27 August. Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Fri 27 Aug to 00:05 on Sat 28 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-08-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T00:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T16:04:45Z", "ms": -1904370914605.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T22:15:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T14:15:17Z", "ms": -1904291082704.1772 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T00:04:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T16:04:45Z", "ms": -1904370914605.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T22:15:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T14:15:17Z", "ms": -1904291082704.1772 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-27T11:51:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T03:51:20Z", "ms": -1904414920097.121 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-27T12:39:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-27T04:39:20Z", "ms": -1904412040097.121 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T11:51:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T03:51:03Z", "ms": -1904328537236.7964 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T12:39:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T04:39:03Z", "ms": -1904325657236.7964 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:05 on Sat 28 Aug to 22:15 on Sat 28 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-27T16:04:45Z → 1909-08-28T14:15:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 27th, 11:51–12:39 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Saturday 28 August. Dvādaśī runs from 00:05 on Sat 28 Aug to 22:15 on Sat 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-08-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1679, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T22:15:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T14:15:17Z", "ms": -1904291082704.1772 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-29T19:43:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-29T11:43:12Z", "ms": -1904213807934.7239 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T22:15:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T14:15:17Z", "ms": -1904291082704.1772 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-29T19:43:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-29T11:43:12Z", "ms": -1904213807934.7239 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-28T18:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T10:43:42Z", "ms": -1904303778149.9834 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-28T20:12:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-28T12:12:08Z", "ms": -1904298471622.3481 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-29T18:42:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-29T10:42:30Z", "ms": -1904217450323.6133 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-29T20:11:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-29T12:11:11Z", "ms": -1904212129239.1538 } }, "covered_min": 61, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:15 on Sat 28 Aug to 19:43 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-28T14:15:17Z → 1909-08-29T11:43:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:12 on the 28th, 18:42–20:11 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 28th and 61 of 89 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1679 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Sunday 29 August. Trayodaśī runs from 22:15 on Sat 28 Aug to 19:43 on Sun 29 Aug and covers 61 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-08-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 10409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-08-30T16:37:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T08:37:15Z", "ms": -1904138564808.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T13:07:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T05:07:44Z", "ms": -1904064735963.4402 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1909-08-31T02:54:46+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T18:54:46Z", "ms": -1904101514413.475 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T13:07:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T05:07:44Z", "ms": -1904064735963.4402 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-30T05:47:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-29T21:47:38Z", "ms": -1904177542190.1675 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T05:48:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T21:48:15Z", "ms": -1904091105306.524 } }, "covered_min": 173, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-31T05:48:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T21:48:15Z", "ms": -1904091105306.524 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-01T05:48:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T21:48:51Z", "ms": -1904004668530.4453 } }, "covered_min": 439, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:37 on Mon 30 Aug to 13:08 on Tue 31 Aug. Its second half begins at 02:55 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-30T08:37:15Z → 1909-08-31T05:07:44Z · second half from 1909-08-30T18:54:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:48 on the 30th, and from 05:48 on the 31st.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 173 of 1441 minutes on the 30th and 439 of 1441 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 10409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1909 falls on Tuesday 31 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 02:55 on Tue 31 Aug to 13:08 on Tue 31 Aug and falls on two days: 439 minutes of it on the 31st, 173 on the 30th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1775, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-08-30T16:37:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T08:37:15Z", "ms": -1904138564808.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T13:07:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T05:07:44Z", "ms": -1904064735963.4402 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-08-30T16:37:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T08:37:15Z", "ms": -1904138564808.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T13:07:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T05:07:44Z", "ms": -1904064735963.4402 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-30T11:50:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T03:50:27Z", "ms": -1904155772642.427 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-30T12:38:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-30T04:38:27Z", "ms": -1904152892642.427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-31T11:50:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T03:50:09Z", "ms": -1904069390869.5898 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T12:38:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T04:38:09Z", "ms": -1904066510869.5898 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:37 on Mon 30 Aug to 13:08 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1909-08-30T08:37:15Z → 1909-08-31T05:07:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:50–12:38 on the 30th, 11:50–12:38 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1775 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1909 falls on Tuesday 31 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:37 on Mon 30 Aug to 13:08 on Tue 31 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35790, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-09-01T09:25:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T01:25:41Z", "ms": -1903991659353.7495 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-02T05:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T21:42:14Z", "ms": -1903918666046.733 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-01T09:25:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T01:25:41Z", "ms": -1903991659353.7495 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-02T05:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T21:42:14Z", "ms": -1903918666046.733 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-08-31T19:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T11:08:14Z", "ms": -1904043106473.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1909-08-31T19:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-08-31T11:08:14Z", "ms": -1904043106473.5183 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-01T19:45:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T11:45:44Z", "ms": -1903954456311.886 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-01T19:45:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T11:45:44Z", "ms": -1903954456311.886 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 09:26 on Wed 1 Sep to 05:42 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-01T01:25:41Z → 1909-09-01T21:42:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:08 on the 31st and 19:46 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35790 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Dvitīyā runs from 09:26 on Wed 1 Sep to 05:42 on Thu 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-09-02T05:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T21:42:14Z", "ms": -1903918666046.733 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-02T05:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-01T21:42:14Z", "ms": -1903918666046.733 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-02T11:49:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T03:49:32Z", "ms": -1903896628268.2368 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-02T12:37:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T04:37:32Z", "ms": -1903893748268.2368 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T11:49:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T03:49:13Z", "ms": -1903810247396.6045 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T12:37:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T04:37:13Z", "ms": -1903807367396.6045 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:42 on Thu 2 Sep to 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-01T21:42:14Z → 1909-09-02T18:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:50–12:38 on the 2nd, 11:49–12:37 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1909 falls on Thursday 2 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:42 on Thu 2 Sep to 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T22:53:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T14:53:12Z", "ms": -1903770408342.2903 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T22:53:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T14:53:12Z", "ms": -1903770408342.2903 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-02T16:03:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T08:03:58Z", "ms": -1903881362119.6453 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-02T18:37:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T10:37:35Z", "ms": -1903872144687.251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T16:03:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T08:03:05Z", "ms": -1903795014684.7966 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T18:36:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T10:36:20Z", "ms": -1903785819543.5913 } }, "covered_min": 153, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep to 22:53 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z → 1909-09-03T14:53:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:04–18:38 on the 2nd, 16:03–18:36 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 154 minutes on the 2nd and 153 of 153 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Bahulā Caturthī 1909 falls on Friday 3 September. Caturthī runs from 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep to 22:53 on Fri 3 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-09-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T22:53:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T14:53:12Z", "ms": -1903770408342.2903 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T02:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z", "ms": -1903845112076.9626 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T22:53:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T14:53:12Z", "ms": -1903770408342.2903 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-02T20:21:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T12:21:19Z", "ms": -1903865921200.189 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-02T20:21:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-02T12:21:19Z", "ms": -1903865921200.189 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-03T20:56:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T12:56:35Z", "ms": -1903777405210.368 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-03T20:56:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-03T12:56:35Z", "ms": -1903777405210.368 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep to 22:53 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-02T18:08:08Z → 1909-09-03T14:53:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 2nd and 20:57 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Friday 3 September. Caturthī runs from 02:08 on Fri 3 Sep to 22:53 on Fri 3 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-09-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18954, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-04T20:05:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-04T12:05:49Z", "ms": -1903694051087.5212 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-05T17:52:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T09:52:27Z", "ms": -1903615652572.9204 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-04T20:05:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-04T12:05:49Z", "ms": -1903694051087.5212 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-05T17:52:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T09:52:27Z", "ms": -1903615652572.9204 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-04T11:48:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-04T03:48:53Z", "ms": -1903723866782.662 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-04T12:36:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-04T04:36:53Z", "ms": -1903720986782.662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-05T11:48:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T03:48:34Z", "ms": -1903637486406.0945 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-05T12:36:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T04:36:34Z", "ms": -1903634606406.0945 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:06 on Sat 4 Sep to 17:52 on Sun 5 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-04T12:05:49Z → 1909-09-05T09:52:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 4th, 11:49–12:37 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18954 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1909 falls on Sunday 5 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:06 on Sat 4 Sep to 17:52 on Sun 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27080, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-06T16:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T08:17:12Z", "ms": -1903534967701.217 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-07T15:21:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-07T07:21:31Z", "ms": -1903451909039.2834 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-06T16:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T08:17:12Z", "ms": -1903534967701.217 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-07T15:21:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-07T07:21:31Z", "ms": -1903451909039.2834 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-06T23:48:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T15:48:32Z", "ms": -1903507888052.4048 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-07T00:36:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T16:36:32Z", "ms": -1903505008052.4048 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-07T23:48:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-07T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1903421508108.105 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-08T00:36:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-07T16:36:12Z", "ms": -1903418628108.105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:17 on Mon 6 Sep to 15:22 on Tue 7 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-06T08:17:12Z → 1909-09-07T07:21:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 6th, 23:48–00:36 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27080 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Janmāṣṭamī 1909 falls on Monday 6 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:17 on Mon 6 Sep to 15:22 on Tue 7 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13259, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-05T17:52:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T09:52:27Z", "ms": -1903615652572.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-06T16:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T08:17:12Z", "ms": -1903534967701.217 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-05T17:52:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T09:52:27Z", "ms": -1903615652572.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-06T16:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T08:17:12Z", "ms": -1903534967701.217 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-05T11:48:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T03:48:34Z", "ms": -1903637486406.0945 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-05T12:36:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-05T04:36:34Z", "ms": -1903634606406.0945 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-06T11:48:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T03:48:14Z", "ms": -1903551106247.5967 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-06T12:36:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-06T04:36:14Z", "ms": -1903548226247.5967 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:52 on Sun 5 Sep to 16:17 on Mon 6 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-05T09:52:27Z → 1909-09-06T08:17:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 5th, 11:48–12:36 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13259 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śītalā Saptamī 1909 falls on Monday 6 September. Saptamī runs from 17:52 on Sun 5 Sep to 16:17 on Mon 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-09-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-09T15:22:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-09T07:22:24Z", "ms": -1903279056348.8325 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-10T16:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-10T08:11:23Z", "ms": -1903189717351.137 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-09T15:22:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-09T07:22:24Z", "ms": -1903279056348.8325 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-10T16:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-10T08:11:23Z", "ms": -1903189717351.137 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-09T05:53:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-08T21:53:43Z", "ms": -1903313176725.2327 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-09T05:53:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-08T21:53:43Z", "ms": -1903313176725.2327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-10T05:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-09T21:54:20Z", "ms": -1903226740399.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-10T05:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-09T21:54:20Z", "ms": -1903226740399.1436 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:22 on Thu 9 Sep to 16:11 on Fri 10 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-09T07:22:24Z → 1909-09-10T08:11:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:54 on the 9th and 05:54 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ajā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Friday 10 September. Ekādaśī runs from 15:22 on Thu 9 Sep to 16:11 on Fri 10 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-09-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-11T17:26:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-11T09:26:29Z", "ms": -1903098811056.4229 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-11T17:26:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-11T09:26:29Z", "ms": -1903098811056.4229 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-11T18:26:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-11T10:26:08Z", "ms": -1903095232138.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-11T19:58:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-11T11:58:03Z", "ms": -1903089716887.7659 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T18:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T10:24:50Z", "ms": -1903008910030.3806 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:57:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:57:00Z", "ms": -1903003379550.9285 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:26 on Sat 11 Sep to 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-11T09:26:29Z → 1909-09-12T11:03:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–19:58 on the 11th, 18:25–19:57 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 11th and 39 of 92 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Saturday 11 September. Trayodaśī runs from 17:26 on Sat 11 Sep to 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 39 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-09-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-09-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T20:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T12:58:21Z", "ms": -1902913298935.5083 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T20:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T12:58:21Z", "ms": -1902913298935.5083 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T23:46:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T15:46:29Z", "ms": -1902989610732.4353 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T00:34:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T16:34:29Z", "ms": -1902986730732.4353 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-13T23:46:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T15:46:08Z", "ms": -1902903231611.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-14T00:34:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T16:34:08Z", "ms": -1902900351611.9023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep to 20:58 on Mon 13 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z → 1909-09-13T12:58:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 12th, 23:46–00:34 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Sunday 12 September. Caturdaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep to 20:58 on Mon 13 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-09-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T20:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T12:58:21Z", "ms": -1902913298935.5083 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:03:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z", "ms": -1903006599261.711 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T20:58:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T12:58:21Z", "ms": -1902913298935.5083 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-12T18:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T10:24:50Z", "ms": -1903008910030.3806 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-12T19:57:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-12T11:57:00Z", "ms": -1903003379550.9285 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-13T18:23:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T10:23:32Z", "ms": -1902922588130.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-13T19:55:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-13T11:55:58Z", "ms": -1902917042392.0623 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep to 20:58 on Mon 13 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-12T11:03:21Z → 1909-09-13T12:58:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–19:57 on the 12th, 18:24–19:56 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 92 minutes on the 12th and 92 of 92 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Aghora Caturdaśī 1909 falls on Monday 13 September. Caturdaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 12 Sep to 20:58 on Mon 13 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 54 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36845, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-09-14T23:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-14T15:08:29Z", "ms": -1902819091449.0127 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-16T01:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-15T17:30:42Z", "ms": -1902724158164.5747 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-14T23:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-14T15:08:29Z", "ms": -1902819091449.0127 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-16T01:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-15T17:30:42Z", "ms": -1902724158164.5747 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-15T11:45:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-15T03:45:08Z", "ms": -1902773691791.21 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-15T12:33:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-15T04:33:08Z", "ms": -1902770811791.21 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-16T11:44:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-16T03:44:47Z", "ms": -1902687312880.121 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-16T12:32:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-16T04:32:47Z", "ms": -1902684432880.121 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:08 on Tue 14 Sep to 01:31 on Thu 16 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-14T15:08:29Z → 1909-09-15T17:30:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 15th, 11:45–12:33 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36845 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rudra Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Pratipadā runs from 23:08 on Tue 14 Sep to 01:31 on Thu 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18590, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-09-17T04:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-16T20:01:08Z", "ms": -1902628731527.3408 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-18T06:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T22:34:14Z", "ms": -1902533145538.5105 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-17T04:01:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-16T20:01:08Z", "ms": -1902628731527.3408 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-18T06:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T22:34:14Z", "ms": -1902533145538.5105 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-17T11:44:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T03:44:26Z", "ms": -1902600934002.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-17T12:32:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T04:32:26Z", "ms": -1902598054002.8555 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-18T11:44:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-18T03:44:05Z", "ms": -1902514555142.148 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-18T12:32:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-18T04:32:05Z", "ms": -1902511675142.148 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:01 on Fri 17 Sep to 06:34 on Sat 18 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-16T20:01:08Z → 1909-09-17T22:34:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 17th, 11:44–12:32 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18590 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1909 falls on Friday 17 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:01 on Fri 17 Sep to 06:34 on Sat 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-18T06:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T22:34:14Z", "ms": -1902533145538.5105 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-19T09:02:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T01:02:14Z", "ms": -1902437866390.3228 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-18T06:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-17T22:34:14Z", "ms": -1902533145538.5105 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-19T09:02:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T01:02:14Z", "ms": -1902437866390.3228 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-18T11:44:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-18T03:44:05Z", "ms": -1902514555142.148 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-18T12:32:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-18T04:32:05Z", "ms": -1902511675142.148 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-19T11:43:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": -1902428176280.3867 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-19T12:31:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T04:31:44Z", "ms": -1902425296280.3867 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:34 on Sat 18 Sep to 09:02 on Sun 19 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-17T22:34:14Z → 1909-09-19T01:02:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 18th, 11:44–12:32 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1909 falls on Saturday 18 September. Caturthī runs from 06:34 on Sat 18 Sep to 09:02 on Sun 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-19T09:02:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T01:02:14Z", "ms": -1902437866390.3228 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:15:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:15:15Z", "ms": -1902343485264.3152 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-19T09:02:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T01:02:14Z", "ms": -1902437866390.3228 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:15:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:15:15Z", "ms": -1902343485264.3152 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-19T11:43:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": -1902428176280.3867 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-19T12:31:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-19T04:31:44Z", "ms": -1902425296280.3867 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:43:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:43:23Z", "ms": -1902341797399.596 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-20T12:31:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T04:31:23Z", "ms": -1902338917399.596 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:02 on Sun 19 Sep to 11:15 on Mon 20 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-19T01:02:14Z → 1909-09-20T03:15:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 19th, 11:43–12:31 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 1688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1909 falls on Sunday 19 September. Pañcamī runs from 09:02 on Sun 19 Sep to 11:15 on Mon 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:15:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:15:15Z", "ms": -1902343485264.3152 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-21T13:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T05:02:16Z", "ms": -1902250664384.5505 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:15:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:15:15Z", "ms": -1902343485264.3152 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-21T13:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T05:02:16Z", "ms": -1902250664384.5505 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-20T11:43:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T03:43:23Z", "ms": -1902341797399.596 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-20T12:31:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-20T04:31:23Z", "ms": -1902338917399.596 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-21T11:43:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T03:43:02Z", "ms": -1902255418481.4036 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-21T12:31:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T04:31:02Z", "ms": -1902252538481.4036 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Mon 20 Sep to 13:02 on Tue 21 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-20T03:15:15Z → 1909-09-21T05:02:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 20th, 11:43–12:31 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1909 falls on Tuesday 21 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Mon 20 Sep to 13:02 on Tue 21 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1874, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-21T13:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T05:02:16Z", "ms": -1902250664384.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-22T14:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T06:12:35Z", "ms": -1902160044708.5312 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-21T13:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T05:02:16Z", "ms": -1902250664384.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-22T14:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T06:12:35Z", "ms": -1902160044708.5312 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-21T11:43:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T03:43:02Z", "ms": -1902255418481.4036 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-21T12:31:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-21T04:31:02Z", "ms": -1902252538481.4036 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-22T11:42:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T03:42:40Z", "ms": -1902169039507.0042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-22T12:30:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T04:30:40Z", "ms": -1902166159507.0042 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:02 on Tue 21 Sep to 14:13 on Wed 22 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-21T05:02:16Z → 1909-09-22T06:12:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 21st, 11:43–12:31 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1874 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 22 September. Saptamī runs from 13:02 on Tue 21 Sep to 14:13 on Wed 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-22T14:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T06:12:35Z", "ms": -1902160044708.5312 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-23T14:37:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-23T06:37:38Z", "ms": -1902072141691.1338 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-22T14:12:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T06:12:35Z", "ms": -1902160044708.5312 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-23T14:37:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-23T06:37:38Z", "ms": -1902072141691.1338 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-22T11:42:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T03:42:40Z", "ms": -1902169039507.0042 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-22T12:30:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-22T04:30:40Z", "ms": -1902166159507.0042 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-23T11:42:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-23T03:42:20Z", "ms": -1902082660457.0942 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-23T12:30:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-23T04:30:20Z", "ms": -1902079780457.0942 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:13 on Wed 22 Sep to 14:38 on Thu 23 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-22T06:12:35Z → 1909-09-23T06:37:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 22nd, 11:42–12:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rādhāṣṭamī 1909 falls on Thursday 23 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:13 on Wed 22 Sep to 14:38 on Thu 23 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-09-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-25T12:55:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-25T04:55:34Z", "ms": -1901905465657.0896 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-26T10:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T02:50:29Z", "ms": -1901826570884.4065 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-25T12:55:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-25T04:55:34Z", "ms": -1901905465657.0896 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-26T10:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T02:50:29Z", "ms": -1901826570884.4065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-25T06:03:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-24T22:03:28Z", "ms": -1901930191938.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-25T06:03:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-24T22:03:28Z", "ms": -1901930191938.2473 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-26T06:04:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-25T22:04:05Z", "ms": -1901843754717.792 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-26T06:04:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-25T22:04:05Z", "ms": -1901843754717.792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:56 on Sat 25 Sep to 10:50 on Sun 26 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-25T04:55:34Z → 1909-09-26T02:50:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:03 on the 25th and 06:04 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Sunday 26 September. Ekādaśī runs from 12:56 on Sat 25 Sep to 10:50 on Sun 26 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-09-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3048, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-26T10:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T02:50:29Z", "ms": -1901826570884.4065 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-27T08:03:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T00:03:23Z", "ms": -1901750196570.7744 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-26T10:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T02:50:29Z", "ms": -1901826570884.4065 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-27T08:03:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T00:03:23Z", "ms": -1901750196570.7744 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-26T11:41:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T03:41:17Z", "ms": -1901823522651.4055 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-26T12:29:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T04:29:17Z", "ms": -1901820642651.4055 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-27T11:40:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T03:40:57Z", "ms": -1901737143092.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-27T12:28:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T04:28:57Z", "ms": -1901734263092.3013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:50 on Sun 26 Sep to 08:03 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-26T02:50:29Z → 1909-09-27T00:03:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 26th, 11:41–12:29 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3048 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vāmana Jayantī 1909 falls on Sunday 26 September. Dvādaśī runs from 10:50 on Sun 26 Sep to 08:03 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-09-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32513, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-27T08:03:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T00:03:23Z", "ms": -1901750196570.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-28T04:43:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T20:43:05Z", "ms": -1901675814555.3032 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-27T08:03:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T00:03:23Z", "ms": -1901750196570.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-28T04:43:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T20:43:05Z", "ms": -1901675814555.3032 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-26T18:06:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T10:06:29Z", "ms": -1901800410585.019 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-26T19:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-26T11:42:15Z", "ms": -1901794664820.2566 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-27T18:05:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T10:05:11Z", "ms": -1901714088835.3018 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-27T19:41:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T11:41:12Z", "ms": -1901708327632.805 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:03 on Mon 27 Sep to 04:43 on Tue 28 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-27T00:03:23Z → 1909-09-27T20:43:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:42 on the 26th, 18:05–19:41 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 26th and 96 of 96 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32513 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Monday 27 September. Trayodaśī runs from 08:03 on Mon 27 Sep to 04:43 on Tue 28 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-09-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4935, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-09-28T04:43:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T20:43:05Z", "ms": -1901675814555.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-29T00:59:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-28T16:59:58Z", "ms": -1901602802253.5823 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-09-28T04:43:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T20:43:05Z", "ms": -1901675814555.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-29T00:59:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-28T16:59:58Z", "ms": -1901602802253.5823 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-28T06:05:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-27T22:05:20Z", "ms": -1901670879816.5762 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-28T08:29:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-28T00:29:03Z", "ms": -1901662257229.7185 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-09-29T06:05:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-28T22:05:58Z", "ms": -1901584442101.7766 }, "end": { "local": "1909-09-29T08:29:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-09-29T00:29:17Z", "ms": -1901575842620.3298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:43 on Tue 28 Sep to 01:00 on Wed 29 Sep.", "fact": "1909-09-27T20:43:05Z → 1909-09-28T16:59:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:05–08:29 on the 28th, 06:06–08:29 on the 29th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 143 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4935 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ananta Caturdaśī 1909 falls on Tuesday 28 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:43 on Tue 28 Sep to 01:00 on Wed 29 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-10-02", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36105, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-02T10:04:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T02:04:21Z", "ms": -1901310939168.08 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-03T07:13:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T23:13:06Z", "ms": -1901234813543.427 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-02T10:04:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T02:04:21Z", "ms": -1901310939168.08 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-03T07:13:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T23:13:06Z", "ms": -1901234813543.427 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-02T20:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T12:06:06Z", "ms": -1901274834444.2593 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-02T20:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-02T12:06:06Z", "ms": -1901274834444.2593 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-03T20:48:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T12:48:57Z", "ms": -1901185863111.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-03T20:48:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T12:48:57Z", "ms": -1901185863111.0215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Sat 2 Oct to 07:13 on Sun 3 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-02T02:04:21Z → 1909-10-02T23:13:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:06 on the 2nd and 20:49 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36105 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Saturday 2 October. Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Sat 2 Oct to 07:13 on Sun 3 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-04T05:00:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T21:00:23Z", "ms": -1901156377454.2683 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-05T03:31:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-04T19:31:21Z", "ms": -1901075318583.3364 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-04T05:00:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T21:00:23Z", "ms": -1901156377454.2683 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-05T03:31:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-04T19:31:21Z", "ms": -1901075318583.3364 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-03T20:48:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T12:48:57Z", "ms": -1901185863111.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-03T20:48:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-03T12:48:57Z", "ms": -1901185863111.0215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-04T21:36:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-04T13:36:27Z", "ms": -1901096612825.1682 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-04T21:36:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-04T13:36:27Z", "ms": -1901096612825.1682 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:00 on Mon 4 Oct to 03:31 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-03T21:00:23Z → 1909-10-04T19:31:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:49 on the 3rd and 21:36 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1909 falls on Monday 4 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:00 on Mon 4 Oct to 03:31 on Tue 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T02:48:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z", "ms": -1900991496515.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-07T02:50:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T18:50:42Z", "ms": -1900904958021.784 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T02:48:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z", "ms": -1900991496515.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-07T02:50:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T18:50:42Z", "ms": -1900904958021.784 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-05T17:54:55+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T09:54:55Z", "ms": -1901023504883.9617 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-05T19:33:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T11:33:00Z", "ms": -1901017620423.835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T17:53:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T09:53:40Z", "ms": -1900937180182.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-06T19:32:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T11:32:00Z", "ms": -1900931280375.1018 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:48 on Wed 6 Oct to 02:51 on Thu 7 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z → 1909-10-06T18:50:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:55–19:33 on the 5th, 17:54–19:32 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 5th and 98 of 98 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1909 falls on Wednesday 6 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:48 on Wed 6 Oct to 02:51 on Thu 7 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12358, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T02:48:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z", "ms": -1900991496515.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-07T02:50:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T18:50:42Z", "ms": -1900904958021.784 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T02:48:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z", "ms": -1900991496515.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-07T02:50:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T18:50:42Z", "ms": -1900904958021.784 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-05T22:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T14:28:41Z", "ms": -1901007078597.9277 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-05T22:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-05T14:28:41Z", "ms": -1901007078597.9277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-06T23:24:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T15:24:44Z", "ms": -1900917316143.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-06T23:24:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-06T15:24:44Z", "ms": -1900917316143.4197 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:48 on Wed 6 Oct to 02:51 on Thu 7 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-05T18:48:23Z → 1909-10-06T18:50:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:29 on the 5th and 23:25 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12358 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1909 falls on Wednesday 6 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:48 on Wed 6 Oct to 02:51 on Thu 7 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-10-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1694, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-09T04:53:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-08T20:53:54Z", "ms": -1900724766401.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-10T06:41:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-09T22:41:24Z", "ms": -1900631915993.1638 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-09T04:53:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-08T20:53:54Z", "ms": -1900724766401.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-10T06:41:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-09T22:41:24Z", "ms": -1900631915993.1638 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-09T06:12:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-08T22:12:29Z", "ms": -1900720051037.013 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-09T06:12:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-08T22:12:29Z", "ms": -1900720051037.013 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-10T06:13:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-09T22:13:10Z", "ms": -1900633610242.0322 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-10T06:13:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-09T22:13:10Z", "ms": -1900633610242.0322 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:54 on Sat 9 Oct to 06:41 on Sun 10 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-08T20:53:54Z → 1909-10-09T22:41:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 9th and 06:13 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1694 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Indirā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Sunday 10 October. Ekādaśī runs from 04:54 on Sat 9 Oct to 06:41 on Sun 10 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-10-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-11T08:49:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-11T00:49:31Z", "ms": -1900537828616.871 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-12T11:11:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T03:11:21Z", "ms": -1900442919300.2966 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-11T08:49:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-11T00:49:31Z", "ms": -1900537828616.871 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-12T11:11:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T03:11:21Z", "ms": -1900442919300.2966 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-11T17:47:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-11T09:47:31Z", "ms": -1900505548938.0178 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-11T19:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-11T11:27:07Z", "ms": -1900499572761.684 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-12T17:46:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1900419220945.7603 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-12T19:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T11:26:10Z", "ms": -1900413229589.347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:50 on Mon 11 Oct to 11:11 on Tue 12 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-11T00:49:31Z → 1909-10-12T03:11:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:27 on the 11th, 17:46–19:26 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 100 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Monday 11 October. Trayodaśī runs from 08:50 on Mon 11 Oct to 11:11 on Tue 12 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-10-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-10-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-12T11:11:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T03:11:21Z", "ms": -1900442919300.2966 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-13T13:40:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T05:40:56Z", "ms": -1900347543956.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-12T11:11:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T03:11:21Z", "ms": -1900442919300.2966 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-13T13:40:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T05:40:56Z", "ms": -1900347543956.6377 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-12T23:36:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T15:36:47Z", "ms": -1900398193359.2102 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-13T00:24:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-12T16:24:47Z", "ms": -1900395313359.2102 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-13T23:36:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T15:36:32Z", "ms": -1900311807939.256 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-14T00:24:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T16:24:32Z", "ms": -1900308927939.256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:11 on Tue 12 Oct to 13:41 on Wed 13 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-12T03:11:21Z → 1909-10-13T05:40:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 12th, 23:37–00:25 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Tuesday 12 October. Caturdaśī runs from 11:11 on Tue 12 Oct to 13:41 on Wed 13 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-10-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1909-10-13T13:40:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T05:40:56Z", "ms": -1900347543956.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-14T16:13:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T08:13:11Z", "ms": -1900252008675.8374 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-13T13:40:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T05:40:56Z", "ms": -1900347543956.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-14T16:13:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T08:13:11Z", "ms": -1900252008675.8374 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-13T13:09:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T05:09:10Z", "ms": -1900349449693.91 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-13T15:27:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-13T07:27:09Z", "ms": -1900341171000.9932 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-14T13:08:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T05:08:45Z", "ms": -1900263075226.7163 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-14T15:26:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T07:26:21Z", "ms": -1900254819112.143 } }, "covered_min": 138, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 13:41 on Wed 13 Oct to 16:13 on Thu 14 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-13T05:40:56Z → 1909-10-14T08:13:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:09–15:27 on the 13th, 13:09–15:26 on the 14th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 106 of 138 minutes on the 13th and 138 of 138 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1909 falls on Thursday 14 October. Amāvasyā runs from 13:41 on Wed 13 Oct to 16:13 on Thu 14 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the previous afternoon for 106 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13755, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-10-14T16:13:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T08:13:11Z", "ms": -1900252008675.8374 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-15T18:43:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-15T10:43:19Z", "ms": -1900156601414.0056 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-14T16:13:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T08:13:11Z", "ms": -1900252008675.8374 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-15T18:43:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-15T10:43:19Z", "ms": -1900156601414.0056 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-14T11:35:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T03:35:57Z", "ms": -1900268643284.003 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-14T12:23:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-14T04:23:57Z", "ms": -1900265763284.003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-15T11:35:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-15T03:35:43Z", "ms": -1900182256995.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-15T12:23:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-15T04:23:43Z", "ms": -1900179376995.9414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:13 on Thu 14 Oct to 18:43 on Fri 15 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-14T08:13:11Z → 1909-10-15T10:43:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 14th, 11:36–12:24 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13755 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1909 falls on Friday 15 October. Pratipadā runs from 16:13 on Thu 14 Oct to 18:43 on Fri 15 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-10-18", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-17T23:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-17T15:15:40Z", "ms": -1899967459763.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-19T01:04:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-18T17:04:53Z", "ms": -1899874506645.496 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-17T23:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-17T15:15:40Z", "ms": -1899967459763.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-19T01:04:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-18T17:04:53Z", "ms": -1899874506645.496 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-18T11:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-18T03:35:05Z", "ms": -1899923094790.3545 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-18T12:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-18T04:23:05Z", "ms": -1899920214790.3545 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-19T11:34:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-19T03:34:54Z", "ms": -1899836706225.5713 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-19T12:22:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-19T04:22:54Z", "ms": -1899833826225.5713 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:16 on Sun 17 Oct to 01:05 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-17T15:15:40Z → 1909-10-18T17:04:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 18th, 11:35–12:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Monday 18 October. Caturthī runs from 23:16 on Sun 17 Oct to 01:05 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11065, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-21T03:12:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-20T19:12:20Z", "ms": -1899694059678.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-22T03:17:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T19:17:22Z", "ms": -1899607357509.0664 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-21T03:12:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-20T19:12:20Z", "ms": -1899694059678.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-22T03:17:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T19:17:22Z", "ms": -1899607357509.0664 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-21T06:21:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-20T22:21:02Z", "ms": -1899682737858.545 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-21T07:06:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-20T23:06:02Z", "ms": -1899680037779.4045 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-22T06:21:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T22:21:47Z", "ms": -1899596292699.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-22T07:06:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T23:06:40Z", "ms": -1899593599918.6565 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 03:12 on Thu 21 Oct to 03:17 on Fri 22 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-20T19:12:20Z → 1909-10-21T19:17:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–07:06 on the 21st, 06:22–07:07 on the 22nd.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 45 of 45 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 45 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11065 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Durgā Saptamī 1909 falls on Thursday 21 October. Saptamī runs from 03:12 on Thu 21 Oct to 03:17 on Fri 22 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-22T03:17:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T19:17:22Z", "ms": -1899607357509.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-23T02:37:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T18:37:50Z", "ms": -1899523330346.2024 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-22T03:17:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-21T19:17:22Z", "ms": -1899607357509.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-23T02:37:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T18:37:50Z", "ms": -1899523330346.2024 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-22T11:34:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T03:34:23Z", "ms": -1899577536840.498 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-22T12:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T04:22:23Z", "ms": -1899574656840.498 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-23T11:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T03:34:14Z", "ms": -1899491145767.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-23T12:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T04:22:14Z", "ms": -1899488265767.19 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:17 on Fri 22 Oct to 02:38 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-21T19:17:22Z → 1909-10-22T18:37:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 22nd, 11:34–12:22 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1909 falls on Friday 22 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:17 on Fri 22 Oct to 02:38 on Sat 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32185, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-23T02:37:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T18:37:50Z", "ms": -1899523330346.2024 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T01:13:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T17:13:13Z", "ms": -1899442007106.7688 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-23T02:37:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-22T18:37:50Z", "ms": -1899523330346.2024 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T01:13:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T17:13:13Z", "ms": -1899442007106.7688 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-23T11:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T03:34:14Z", "ms": -1899491145767.19 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-23T12:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T04:22:14Z", "ms": -1899488265767.19 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T11:34:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T03:34:06Z", "ms": -1899404754030.166 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T12:22:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T04:22:06Z", "ms": -1899401874030.166 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 02:38 on Sat 23 Oct to 01:13 on Sun 24 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-22T18:37:50Z → 1909-10-23T17:13:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 23rd, 11:34–12:22 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32185 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mahānavamī 1909 falls on Saturday 23 October. Navamī runs from 02:38 on Sat 23 Oct to 01:13 on Sun 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T01:13:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T17:13:13Z", "ms": -1899442007106.7688 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T23:06:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T15:06:10Z", "ms": -1899363230346.5908 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T01:13:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-23T17:13:13Z", "ms": -1899442007106.7688 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T23:06:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T15:06:10Z", "ms": -1899363230346.5908 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T11:34:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T03:34:06Z", "ms": -1899404754030.166 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-24T12:22:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T04:22:06Z", "ms": -1899401874030.166 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-25T11:33:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T03:33:58Z", "ms": -1899318361613.9976 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-25T12:21:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T04:21:58Z", "ms": -1899315481613.9976 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 01:13 on Sun 24 Oct to 23:06 on Sun 24 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-23T17:13:13Z → 1909-10-24T15:06:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 24th, 11:34–12:22 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1909 falls on Sunday 24 October. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 01:13 on Sun 24 Oct to 23:06 on Sun 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-10-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T23:06:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T15:06:10Z", "ms": -1899363230346.5908 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-25T20:22:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T12:22:04Z", "ms": -1899286676277.0283 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-24T23:06:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T15:06:10Z", "ms": -1899363230346.5908 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-25T20:22:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T12:22:04Z", "ms": -1899286676277.0283 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-25T06:24:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T22:24:05Z", "ms": -1899336954996.4436 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-25T06:24:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-24T22:24:05Z", "ms": -1899336954996.4436 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-26T06:24:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T22:24:52Z", "ms": -1899250508352.4778 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-26T06:24:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-25T22:24:52Z", "ms": -1899250508352.4778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:06 on Sun 24 Oct to 20:22 on Mon 25 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-24T15:06:10Z → 1909-10-25T12:22:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 25th and 06:25 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 25 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:06 on Sun 24 Oct to 20:22 on Mon 25 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-10-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1341, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-26T17:08:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-26T09:08:31Z", "ms": -1899211889473.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-27T13:34:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-27T05:34:39Z", "ms": -1899138321357.4712 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-26T17:08:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-26T09:08:31Z", "ms": -1899211889473.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-27T13:34:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-27T05:34:39Z", "ms": -1899138321357.4712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-26T17:30:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-26T09:30:51Z", "ms": -1899210548652.686 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-26T19:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-26T11:14:10Z", "ms": -1899204350343.6765 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-27T17:29:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-27T09:29:52Z", "ms": -1899124208023.0977 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-27T19:13:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-27T11:13:25Z", "ms": -1899117995478.934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:09 on Tue 26 Oct to 13:35 on Wed 27 Oct.", "fact": "1909-10-26T09:08:31Z → 1909-10-27T05:34:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:31–19:14 on the 26th, 17:30–19:13 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 104 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1341 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Tuesday 26 October. Trayodaśī runs from 17:09 on Tue 26 Oct to 13:35 on Wed 27 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-10-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4641, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T20:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z", "ms": -1898767093331.524 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T18:39:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T10:39:35Z", "ms": -1898688024959.5088 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T20:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z", "ms": -1898767093331.524 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T18:39:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T10:39:35Z", "ms": -1898688024959.5088 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T19:24:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T11:24:26Z", "ms": -1898771734408.2607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-31T19:24:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T11:24:26Z", "ms": -1898771734408.2607 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-01T20:16:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T12:16:21Z", "ms": -1898682219372.3132 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T20:16:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T12:16:21Z", "ms": -1898682219372.3132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Sun 31 Oct to 18:40 on Mon 1 Nov.", "fact": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z → 1909-11-01T10:39:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:24 on the 31st and 20:16 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 4641 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1909 falls on Sunday 31 October. Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Sun 31 Oct to 18:40 on Mon 1 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-10-31", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4641, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T20:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z", "ms": -1898767093331.524 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T18:39:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T10:39:35Z", "ms": -1898688024959.5088 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T20:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z", "ms": -1898767093331.524 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T18:39:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T10:39:35Z", "ms": -1898688024959.5088 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-10-31T19:24:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T11:24:26Z", "ms": -1898771734408.2607 }, "end": { "local": "1909-10-31T19:24:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-10-31T11:24:26Z", "ms": -1898771734408.2607 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-01T20:16:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T12:16:21Z", "ms": -1898682219372.3132 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-01T20:16:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-01T12:16:21Z", "ms": -1898682219372.3132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Sun 31 Oct to 18:40 on Mon 1 Nov.", "fact": "1909-10-31T12:41:47Z → 1909-11-01T10:39:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:24 on the 31st and 20:16 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 4641 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Sunday 31 October. Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Sun 31 Oct to 18:40 on Mon 1 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-10-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21424, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-04T17:11:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-04T09:11:15Z", "ms": -1898434124907.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-05T18:14:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-05T10:14:25Z", "ms": -1898343934727.1394 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-04T17:11:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-04T09:11:15Z", "ms": -1898434124907.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-05T18:14:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-05T10:14:25Z", "ms": -1898343934727.1394 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-04T23:12:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-04T15:12:29Z", "ms": -1898412451329.3489 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-04T23:12:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-04T15:12:29Z", "ms": -1898412451329.3489 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-06T00:11:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-05T16:11:29Z", "ms": -1898322510545.5378 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-06T00:11:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-05T16:11:29Z", "ms": -1898322510545.5378 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:11 on Thu 4 Nov to 18:14 on Fri 5 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-04T09:11:15Z → 1909-11-05T10:14:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:12 on the 4th and 00:11 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21424 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1909 falls on Thursday 4 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:11 on Thu 4 Nov to 18:14 on Fri 5 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-11-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21853, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-07T22:04:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-07T14:04:44Z", "ms": -1898157316073.314 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T00:32:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T16:32:10Z", "ms": -1898062069631.0198 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-07T22:04:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-07T14:04:44Z", "ms": -1898157316073.314 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T00:32:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T16:32:10Z", "ms": -1898062069631.0198 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-08T06:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-07T22:35:32Z", "ms": -1898126668174.7258 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-08T06:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-07T22:35:32Z", "ms": -1898126668174.7258 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T06:36:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T22:36:23Z", "ms": -1898040216565.983 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T06:36:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T22:36:23Z", "ms": -1898040216565.983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:05 on Sun 7 Nov to 00:32 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-07T14:04:44Z → 1909-11-08T16:32:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 8th and 06:36 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21853 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Ramā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Monday 8 November. Ekādaśī runs from 22:05 on Sun 7 Nov to 00:32 on Tue 9 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19583, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T00:32:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T16:32:10Z", "ms": -1898062069631.0198 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T00:32:10+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T16:32:10Z", "ms": -1898062069631.0198 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-08T17:19:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T09:19:33Z", "ms": -1898088027027.9429 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-08T19:05:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-08T11:05:48Z", "ms": -1898081652299.6816 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T17:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T09:18:50Z", "ms": -1898001669932.9954 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T19:05:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T11:05:17Z", "ms": -1897995282567.8948 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:32 on Tue 9 Nov to 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-08T16:32:10Z → 1909-11-09T19:07:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:20–19:06 on the 8th, 17:19–19:05 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 8th and 106 of 106 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19583 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1909 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Dvādaśī runs from 00:32 on Tue 9 Nov to 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28926, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T17:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T09:18:50Z", "ms": -1898001669932.9954 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T19:05:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T11:05:17Z", "ms": -1897995282567.8948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T17:18:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T09:18:09Z", "ms": -1897915311379.441 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-10T19:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T11:04:48Z", "ms": -1897908911539.975 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov to 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z → 1909-11-10T21:41:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:19–19:05 on the 9th, 17:18–19:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 9th and 107 of 107 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28926 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Yama Dīpadāna 1909 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Trayodaśī runs from 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov to 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-11-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28926, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T03:07:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z", "ms": -1897966356143.6929 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-09T17:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T09:18:50Z", "ms": -1898001669932.9954 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-09T19:05:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-09T11:05:17Z", "ms": -1897995282567.8948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T17:18:09+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T09:18:09Z", "ms": -1897915311379.441 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-10T19:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T11:04:48Z", "ms": -1897908911539.975 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov to 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-09T19:07:24Z → 1909-11-10T21:41:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:19–19:05 on the 9th, 17:18–19:05 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 9th and 107 of 107 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28926 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Trayodaśī runs from 03:07 on Wed 10 Nov to 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2995, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T04:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T20:51:28Z", "ms": -1897873712422.9124 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T06:38:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T22:38:07Z", "ms": -1897867312583.4465 } }, "covered_min": 57, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T04:52:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T20:52:08Z", "ms": -1897787272401.2942 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T06:39:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T22:39:00Z", "ms": -1897780860256.262 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov to 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z → 1909-11-12T00:06:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:51–06:38 on the 11th, 04:52–06:39 on the 12th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 57 of 107 minutes on the 11th and 107 of 107 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 2995 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1909 falls on Thursday 11 November. Caturdaśī runs from 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov to 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov and covers 57 of 107 minutes of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 107 minutes; by the rule the first dawn is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-11-11", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19154, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T05:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z", "ms": -1897870717909.1677 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-10T23:34:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T15:34:08Z", "ms": -1897892751981.4438 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-11T00:22:08+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-10T16:22:08Z", "ms": -1897889871981.4438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T23:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T15:34:14Z", "ms": -1897806345800.1328 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T00:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T16:22:14Z", "ms": -1897803465800.1328 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov to 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-10T21:41:22Z → 1909-11-12T00:06:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 10th, 23:34–00:22 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19154 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Thursday 11 November. Caturdaśī runs from 05:41 on Thu 11 Nov to 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-11-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T17:16:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T09:16:50Z", "ms": -1897742589804.3123 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T19:03:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T11:03:54Z", "ms": -1897736165528.9446 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T17:16:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T09:16:13Z", "ms": -1897656226738.9097 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T19:03:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T11:03:29Z", "ms": -1897649790514.9702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov to 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z → 1909-11-13T02:18:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:17–19:04 on the 12th, 17:16–19:03 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 107 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1909 falls on Friday 12 November. Amāvasyā runs from 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov to 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27872, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T08:06:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z", "ms": -1897775593384.802 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-11T23:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T15:34:14Z", "ms": -1897806345800.1328 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-12T00:22:14+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-11T16:22:14Z", "ms": -1897803465800.1328 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-12T23:34:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T15:34:21Z", "ms": -1897719938771.6838 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T00:22:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T16:22:21Z", "ms": -1897717058771.6838 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov to 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-12T00:06:47Z → 1909-11-13T02:18:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 11th, 23:34–00:22 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27872 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kālī Pūjā 1909 falls on Friday 12 November. Amāvasyā runs from 08:07 on Fri 12 Nov to 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T11:34:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T03:34:03Z", "ms": -1897676757238.9824 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T12:22:03+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T04:22:03Z", "ms": -1897673877238.9824 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T11:34:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T03:34:11Z", "ms": -1897590348593.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:22:11Z", "ms": -1897587468593.2988 } }, "covered_min": 37, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z → 1909-11-14T04:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 13th, 11:34–12:22 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 37 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Govardhana Pūjā 1909 falls on Saturday 13 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 37 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T17:16:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T09:16:13Z", "ms": -1897656226738.9097 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T19:03:29+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T11:03:29Z", "ms": -1897649790514.9702 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T17:15:38+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T09:15:38Z", "ms": -1897569862127.2334 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T19:03:06+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T11:03:06Z", "ms": -1897563414143.1138 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z → 1909-11-14T04:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:03 on the 13th, 17:16–19:03 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 107 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18289 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Bali Pūjā 1909 falls on Saturday 13 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-15T13:41:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-15T05:41:41Z", "ms": -1897496298743.6785 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-15T13:41:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-15T05:41:41Z", "ms": -1897496298743.6785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T11:34:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T03:34:11Z", "ms": -1897590348593.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:22:11Z", "ms": -1897587468593.2988 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-15T11:34:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-15T03:34:21Z", "ms": -1897503939097.956 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-15T12:22:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-15T04:22:21Z", "ms": -1897501059097.956 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov to 13:42 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z → 1909-11-15T05:41:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 14th, 11:34–12:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 11 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1909 falls on Sunday 14 November. Dvitīyā runs from 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov to 13:42 on Mon 15 Nov and covers 11 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 362, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1897681318757.8445 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T12:10:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T04:10:49Z", "ms": -1897588151100.5693 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-13T06:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-12T22:39:52Z", "ms": -1897694407739.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-13T10:11:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T02:11:59Z", "ms": -1897681680739.0068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-14T06:40:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-13T22:40:45Z", "ms": -1897607955059.3645 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-14T10:12:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-14T02:12:23Z", "ms": -1897595257415.3208 } }, "covered_min": 212, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-13T02:18:01Z → 1909-11-14T04:10:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:40–10:12 on the 13th, 06:41–10:12 on the 14th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 212 minutes on the 13th and 212 of 212 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 362 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Dyūta Pratipad 1909 falls on Sunday 14 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:18 on Sat 13 Nov to 12:11 on Sun 14 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T14:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z", "ms": -1897405946118.7449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T15:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T07:25:35Z", "ms": -1897317264881.0063 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T14:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z", "ms": -1897405946118.7449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T15:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T07:25:35Z", "ms": -1897317264881.0063 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T11:34:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T03:34:31Z", "ms": -1897417528758.8164 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-16T12:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T04:22:31Z", "ms": -1897414648758.8164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-17T11:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T03:34:42Z", "ms": -1897331117582.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T12:22:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T04:22:42Z", "ms": -1897328237582.7744 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:48 on Tue 16 Nov to 15:26 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z → 1909-11-17T07:25:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 16th, 11:35–12:23 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Nāga Caturthī 1909 falls on Wednesday 17 November. Caturthī runs from 14:48 on Tue 16 Nov to 15:26 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-11-17", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T14:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z", "ms": -1897405946118.7449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T15:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T07:25:35Z", "ms": -1897317264881.0063 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T14:47:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z", "ms": -1897405946118.7449 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T15:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T07:25:35Z", "ms": -1897317264881.0063 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-16T11:34:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T03:34:31Z", "ms": -1897417528758.8164 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-16T12:22:31+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-16T04:22:31Z", "ms": -1897414648758.8164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-17T11:34:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T03:34:42Z", "ms": -1897331117582.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-17T12:22:42+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-17T04:22:42Z", "ms": -1897328237582.7744 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:48 on Tue 16 Nov to 15:26 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-16T06:47:34Z → 1909-11-17T07:25:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 16th, 11:35–12:23 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Wednesday 17 November. Caturthī runs from 14:48 on Tue 16 Nov to 15:26 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-18T15:33:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-18T07:33:11Z", "ms": -1897230408754.5078 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-19T15:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-19T07:08:25Z", "ms": -1897145495016.293 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-18T15:33:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-18T07:33:11Z", "ms": -1897230408754.5078 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-19T15:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-19T07:08:25Z", "ms": -1897145495016.293 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-18T11:34:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-18T03:34:54Z", "ms": -1897244705577.6123 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-18T12:22:54+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-18T04:22:54Z", "ms": -1897241825577.6123 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-19T11:35:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-19T03:35:07Z", "ms": -1897158292751.8403 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-19T12:23:07+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-19T04:23:07Z", "ms": -1897155412751.8403 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 15:33 on Thu 18 Nov to 15:08 on Fri 19 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-18T07:33:11Z → 1909-11-19T07:08:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 18th, 11:35–12:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1909 falls on Friday 19 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 15:33 on Thu 18 Nov to 15:08 on Fri 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 951, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-20T14:10:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-20T06:10:20Z", "ms": -1897062579596.952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-20T14:10:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-20T06:10:20Z", "ms": -1897062579596.952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-20T11:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-20T03:35:21Z", "ms": -1897071879114.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-20T12:23:21+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-20T04:23:21Z", "ms": -1897068999114.5195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T11:35:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T03:35:35Z", "ms": -1896985464675.0605 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:23:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:23:35Z", "ms": -1896982584675.0605 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:10 on Sat 20 Nov to 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-20T06:10:20Z → 1909-11-21T04:39:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 20th, 11:36–12:24 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 951 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Gopāṣṭamī 1909 falls on Sunday 21 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:10 on Sat 20 Nov to 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1318, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T10:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1896902531693.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T10:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1896902531693.3892 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T06:46:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-20T22:46:56Z", "ms": -1897002784369.522 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-21T10:15:22+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T02:15:22Z", "ms": -1896990277906.5476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-22T06:47:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T22:47:48Z", "ms": -1896916331542.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T10:15:50+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T02:15:50Z", "ms": -1896903850142.9802 } }, "covered_min": 208, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:38 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z → 1909-11-22T02:37:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:47–10:15 on the 21st, 06:48–10:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 208 minutes on the 21st and 208 of 208 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1318 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1909 falls on Monday 22 November. Navamī runs from 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:38 on Mon 22 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 951, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T10:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1896902531693.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:39:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z", "ms": -1896981634148.1643 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T10:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1896902531693.3892 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-21T11:35:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T03:35:35Z", "ms": -1896985464675.0605 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-21T12:23:35+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-21T04:23:35Z", "ms": -1896982584675.0605 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-22T11:35:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T03:35:51Z", "ms": -1896899049443.0208 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-22T12:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1896896169443.0208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:38 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-21T04:39:26Z → 1909-11-22T02:37:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 21st, 11:36–12:24 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 951 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Lu’an, 1909: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Durgā Navamī 1909 falls on Monday 22 November. Navamī runs from 12:39 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:38 on Mon 22 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-11-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4835, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-23T08:09:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T00:09:16Z", "ms": -1896825043676.704 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-24T05:19:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T21:19:13Z", "ms": -1896748847335.57 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-23T08:09:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T00:09:16Z", "ms": -1896825043676.704 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-24T05:19:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T21:19:13Z", "ms": -1896748847335.57 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-23T06:48:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T22:48:41Z", "ms": -1896829878853.0251 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-23T06:48:41+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-22T22:48:41Z", "ms": -1896829878853.0251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-24T06:49:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T22:49:34Z", "ms": -1896743426333.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-24T06:49:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-23T22:49:34Z", "ms": -1896743426333.9414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 23 Nov to 05:19 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-23T00:09:16Z → 1909-11-23T21:19:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 23rd and 06:50 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 4835 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Ekādaśī runs from 08:09 on Tue 23 Nov to 05:19 on Wed 24 Nov, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-11-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-25T02:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-24T18:14:20Z", "ms": -1896673539997.1753 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-25T23:02:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-25T15:02:23Z", "ms": -1896598656621.1128 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-25T02:14:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-24T18:14:20Z", "ms": -1896673539997.1753 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-25T23:02:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-25T15:02:23Z", "ms": -1896598656621.1128 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-24T17:11:13+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-24T09:11:13Z", "ms": -1896706126944.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-24T19:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-24T11:00:27Z", "ms": -1896699573220.9258 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-25T17:10:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-25T09:10:56Z", "ms": -1896619744152.9238 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-25T19:00:19+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-25T11:00:19Z", "ms": -1896613181191.241 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:14 on Thu 25 Nov to 23:02 on Thu 25 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-24T18:14:20Z → 1909-11-25T15:02:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:11–19:00 on the 24th, 17:11–19:00 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 24th and 109 of 109 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Thursday 25 November. Trayodaśī runs from 02:14 on Thu 25 Nov to 23:02 on Thu 25 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-11-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13533, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T19:51:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": -1896523688150.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T16:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T08:51:40Z", "ms": -1896448100115.3555 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T19:51:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": -1896523688150.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T16:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T08:51:40Z", "ms": -1896448100115.3555 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T23:37:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T15:37:25Z", "ms": -1896510154872.6763 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T00:25:25+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T16:25:25Z", "ms": -1896507274872.6763 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-27T23:37:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T15:37:44Z", "ms": -1896423735969.7244 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-28T00:25:44+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T16:25:44Z", "ms": -1896420855969.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:52 on Fri 26 Nov to 16:52 on Sat 27 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z → 1909-11-27T08:51:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 26th, 23:38–00:26 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13533 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Rāsayātrā 1909 falls on Friday 26 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:52 on Fri 26 Nov to 16:52 on Sat 27 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T19:51:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": -1896523688150.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T16:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T08:51:40Z", "ms": -1896448100115.3555 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T19:51:52+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": -1896523688150.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T16:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T08:51:40Z", "ms": -1896448100115.3555 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-26T11:36:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T03:36:59Z", "ms": -1896553380777.4502 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-26T12:24:59+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-26T04:24:59Z", "ms": -1896550500777.4502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-27T11:37:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T03:37:18Z", "ms": -1896466961723.4666 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-27T12:25:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-27T04:25:18Z", "ms": -1896464081723.4666 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:52 on Fri 26 Nov to 16:52 on Sat 27 Nov.", "fact": "1909-11-26T11:51:52Z → 1909-11-27T08:51:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 26th, 11:37–12:25 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1909 falls on Saturday 27 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:52 on Fri 26 Nov to 16:52 on Sat 27 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-11-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34484, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-11-30T10:20:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-30T02:20:53Z", "ms": -1896212347172.7324 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-01T09:26:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-01T01:26:00Z", "ms": -1896129239550.3818 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-11-30T10:20:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-30T02:20:53Z", "ms": -1896212347172.7324 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-01T09:26:00+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-01T01:26:00Z", "ms": -1896129239550.3818 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-11-30T19:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-30T11:55:37Z", "ms": -1896177863107.326 }, "end": { "local": "1909-11-30T19:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1909-11-30T11:55:37Z", "ms": -1896177863107.326 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-01T20:57:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-01T12:57:33Z", "ms": -1896087746591.8918 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-01T20:57:33+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-01T12:57:33Z", "ms": -1896087746591.8918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:21 on Tue 30 Nov to 09:26 on Wed 1 Dec.", "fact": "1909-11-30T02:20:53Z → 1909-12-01T01:26:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:56 on the 30th and 20:58 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34484 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Tuesday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Tuesday 30 November. Caturthī runs from 10:21 on Tue 30 Nov to 09:26 on Wed 1 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-12-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-07T18:15:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-07T10:15:58Z", "ms": -1895579041963.6687 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-08T20:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-08T12:52:01Z", "ms": -1895483279435.1113 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-07T18:15:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-07T10:15:58Z", "ms": -1895579041963.6687 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-08T20:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-08T12:52:01Z", "ms": -1895483279435.1113 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-08T07:01:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-07T23:01:11Z", "ms": -1895533128595.9119 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-08T07:01:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-07T23:01:11Z", "ms": -1895533128595.9119 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-09T07:01:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-08T23:01:57Z", "ms": -1895446683046.375 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-09T07:01:57+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-08T23:01:57Z", "ms": -1895446683046.375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:16 on Tue 7 Dec to 20:52 on Wed 8 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-07T10:15:58Z → 1909-12-08T12:52:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:01 on the 8th and 07:02 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Wednesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Wednesday 8 December. Ekādaśī runs from 18:16 on Tue 7 Dec to 20:52 on Wed 8 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-12-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15280, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-09T23:15:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-09T15:15:43Z", "ms": -1895388256507.4822 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-11T01:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T17:18:05Z", "ms": -1895294514975.79 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-09T23:15:43+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-09T15:15:43Z", "ms": -1895388256507.4822 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-11T01:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T17:18:05Z", "ms": -1895294514975.79 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-09T17:10:02+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-09T09:10:02Z", "ms": -1895410197756.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-09T19:01:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-09T11:01:04Z", "ms": -1895403536496.935 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-10T17:10:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T09:10:12Z", "ms": -1895323788140.1816 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-10T19:01:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T11:01:18Z", "ms": -1895317122312.7124 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:16 on Thu 9 Dec to 01:18 on Sat 11 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-09T15:15:43Z → 1909-12-10T17:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:10–19:01 on the 9th, 17:10–19:01 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 9th and 111 of 111 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15280 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Friday 10 December. Trayodaśī runs from 23:16 on Thu 9 Dec to 01:18 on Sat 11 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-12-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-12-11", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2836, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-11T01:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T17:18:05Z", "ms": -1895294514975.79 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-12T02:53:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-11T18:53:16Z", "ms": -1895202403714.2112 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-11T01:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T17:18:05Z", "ms": -1895294514975.79 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-12T02:53:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-11T18:53:16Z", "ms": -1895202403714.2112 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-10T23:42:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T15:42:49Z", "ms": -1895300231287.1719 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-11T00:30:49+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-10T16:30:49Z", "ms": -1895297351287.1719 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-11T23:43:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-11T15:43:16Z", "ms": -1895213804120.4421 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-12T00:31:16+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-11T16:31:16Z", "ms": -1895210924120.4421 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:18 on Sat 11 Dec to 02:53 on Sun 12 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-10T17:18:05Z → 1909-12-11T18:53:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:43–00:31 on the 10th, 23:43–00:31 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2836 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śivarātri 1909 falls on Saturday 11 December. Caturdaśī runs from 01:18 on Sat 11 Dec to 02:53 on Sun 12 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/shivaratri?on=1909-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-12-16", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-16T04:17:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-15T20:17:58Z", "ms": -1894851722393.8276 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-17T03:32:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T19:32:28Z", "ms": -1894768052427.7483 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-16T04:17:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-15T20:17:58Z", "ms": -1894851722393.8276 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-17T03:32:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T19:32:28Z", "ms": -1894768052427.7483 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-16T11:45:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T03:45:18Z", "ms": -1894824882019.685 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-16T12:33:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T04:33:18Z", "ms": -1894822002019.685 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-17T11:45:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T03:45:48Z", "ms": -1894738452460.4028 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-17T12:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T04:33:48Z", "ms": -1894735572460.4028 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:18 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:32 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-15T20:17:58Z → 1909-12-16T19:32:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 16th, 11:46–12:34 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Vināyaka Caturthī 1909 falls on Thursday 16 December. Caturthī runs from 04:18 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:32 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1909-12-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29600, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-17T03:32:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T19:32:28Z", "ms": -1894768052427.7483 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-17T03:32:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-16T19:32:28Z", "ms": -1894768052427.7483 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-17T11:45:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T03:45:48Z", "ms": -1894738452460.4028 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-17T12:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T04:33:48Z", "ms": -1894735572460.4028 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T11:46:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T03:46:17Z", "ms": -1894652022706.5952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T12:34:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T04:34:17Z", "ms": -1894649142706.5952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:32 on Fri 17 Dec to 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-16T19:32:28Z → 1909-12-17T18:25:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 17th, 11:46–12:34 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29600 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Lu’an, 1909: Friday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1909 falls on Friday 17 December. Pañcamī runs from 03:32 on Fri 17 Dec to 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33666, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T11:46:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T03:46:17Z", "ms": -1894652022706.5952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T12:34:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T04:34:17Z", "ms": -1894649142706.5952 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-19T11:46:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T03:46:47Z", "ms": -1894565592794.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T12:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T04:34:47Z", "ms": -1894562712794.9695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec to 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z → 1909-12-18T16:58:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 18th, 11:47–12:35 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33666 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 18 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1909 falls on Saturday 18 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec to 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33666, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T02:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z", "ms": -1894685688332.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T11:46:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T03:46:17Z", "ms": -1894652022706.5952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T12:34:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T04:34:17Z", "ms": -1894649142706.5952 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-19T11:46:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T03:46:47Z", "ms": -1894565592794.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T12:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T04:34:47Z", "ms": -1894562712794.9695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec to 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-17T18:25:12Z → 1909-12-18T16:58:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 18th, 11:47–12:35 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33666 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Lu’an, 1909: Saturday 18 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1909 falls on Saturday 18 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:25 on Sat 18 Dec to 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T23:14:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T15:14:58Z", "ms": -1894524301587.4375 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-19T00:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z", "ms": -1894604484023.0002 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T23:14:58+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T15:14:58Z", "ms": -1894524301587.4375 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-18T11:46:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T03:46:17Z", "ms": -1894652022706.5952 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-18T12:34:17+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-18T04:34:17Z", "ms": -1894649142706.5952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-19T11:46:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T03:46:47Z", "ms": -1894565592794.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-19T12:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-19T04:34:47Z", "ms": -1894562712794.9695 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec to 23:15 on Sun 19 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-18T16:58:36Z → 1909-12-19T15:14:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 18th, 11:47–12:35 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mitra Saptamī 1909 falls on Sunday 19 December. Saptamī runs from 00:59 on Sun 19 Dec to 23:15 on Sun 19 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-12-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-22T16:46:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-22T08:46:24Z", "ms": -1894288416428.5105 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-23T14:21:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T06:21:15Z", "ms": -1894210725396.1406 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-22T16:46:24+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-22T08:46:24Z", "ms": -1894288416428.5105 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-23T14:21:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T06:21:15Z", "ms": -1894210725396.1406 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-22T07:10:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-21T23:10:18Z", "ms": -1894322982324.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-22T07:10:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-21T23:10:18Z", "ms": -1894322982324.8555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-23T07:10:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-22T23:10:48Z", "ms": -1894236552428.585 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-23T07:10:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-22T23:10:48Z", "ms": -1894236552428.585 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:46 on Wed 22 Dec to 14:21 on Thu 23 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-22T08:46:24Z → 1909-12-23T06:21:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:10 on the 22nd and 07:11 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1909 falls on Thursday 23 December. Ekādaśī runs from 16:46 on Wed 22 Dec to 14:21 on Thu 23 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/ekadashi?on=1909-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-23T14:21:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T06:21:15Z", "ms": -1894210725396.1406 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-24T11:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T03:55:11Z", "ms": -1894133088698.782 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-23T14:21:15+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T06:21:15Z", "ms": -1894210725396.1406 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-24T11:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T03:55:11Z", "ms": -1894133088698.782 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-23T11:48:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T03:48:48Z", "ms": -1894219872275.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-23T12:36:48+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-23T04:36:48Z", "ms": -1894216992275.1343 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-24T11:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T03:49:18Z", "ms": -1894133442093.4502 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-24T12:37:18+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T04:37:18Z", "ms": -1894130562093.4502 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:21 on Thu 23 Dec to 11:55 on Fri 24 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-23T06:21:15Z → 1909-12-24T03:55:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 23rd, 11:49–12:37 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 6 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1909 falls on Friday 24 December. Dvādaśī runs from 14:21 on Thu 23 Dec to 11:55 on Fri 24 Dec and covers 6 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-12-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-24T11:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T03:55:11Z", "ms": -1894133088698.782 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-25T09:33:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T01:33:39Z", "ms": -1894055180683.35 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-24T11:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T03:55:11Z", "ms": -1894133088698.782 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-25T09:33:39+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T01:33:39Z", "ms": -1894055180683.35 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-24T17:15:20+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T09:15:20Z", "ms": -1894113880231.104 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-24T19:06:51+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-24T11:06:51Z", "ms": -1894107189124.924 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-25T17:15:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T09:15:53Z", "ms": -1894027446972.7761 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-25T19:07:23+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T11:07:23Z", "ms": -1894020756895.2966 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:55 on Fri 24 Dec to 09:34 on Sat 25 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-24T03:55:11Z → 1909-12-25T01:33:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:15–19:07 on the 24th, 17:16–19:07 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 112 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Lu’an, 1909: Friday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1909 falls on Friday 24 December. Trayodaśī runs from 11:55 on Fri 24 Dec to 09:34 on Sat 25 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/pradosha-vrata?on=1909-12-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35614, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1909-12-26T07:22:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T23:22:53Z", "ms": -1893976626748.73 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-27T05:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-26T21:29:45Z", "ms": -1893897014904.9883 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-26T07:22:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-25T23:22:53Z", "ms": -1893976626748.73 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-27T05:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-26T21:29:45Z", "ms": -1893897014904.9883 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-26T17:16:28+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-26T09:16:28Z", "ms": -1893941012380.001 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-26T19:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-26T11:07:56Z", "ms": -1893934323709.5051 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1909-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-27T17:17:04+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-27T09:17:04Z", "ms": -1893854576486.6558 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-27T19:08:30+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-27T11:08:30Z", "ms": -1893847889600.0593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:23 on Sun 26 Dec to 05:30 on Mon 27 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-25T23:22:53Z → 1909-12-26T21:29:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:08 on the 26th, 17:17–19:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 111 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35614 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Lu’an, 1909: Sunday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1909 falls on Sunday 26 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:23 on Sun 26 Dec to 05:30 on Mon 27 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-12-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1802206", "year": 1909, "local_date": "1909-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1909-12-30T02:45:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-29T18:45:34Z", "ms": -1893647666183.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-31T03:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-30T19:07:53Z", "ms": -1893559926557.002 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1909-12-30T02:45:34+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-29T18:45:34Z", "ms": -1893647666183.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-31T03:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-30T19:07:53Z", "ms": -1893559926557.002 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1909-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-29T19:41:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-29T11:41:45Z", "ms": -1893673095218.4429 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-29T19:41:45+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-29T11:41:45Z", "ms": -1893673095218.4429 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1909-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1909-12-30T20:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-30T12:43:26Z", "ms": -1893582993617.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1909-12-30T20:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1909-12-30T12:43:26Z", "ms": -1893582993617.9695 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:46 on Thu 30 Dec to 03:08 on Fri 31 Dec.", "fact": "1909-12-29T18:45:34Z → 1909-12-30T19:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:42 on the 29th and 20:43 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Lu’an, 1909: Thursday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1909-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Lu’an, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1909 falls on Thursday 30 December. Caturthī runs from 02:46 on Thu 30 Dec to 03:08 on Fri 31 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/lu-an/festivals/1909/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1909-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }