{ "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920", "place": { "id": "1804651", "slug": "kunming", "name": "Kunming", "region": "Yunnan, China", "country": "CN", "lat": 25.03889, "lon": 102.71833, "elevation_m": 1895, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1920, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T21:02:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T18:22:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T21:02:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T18:22:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T07:54:19+08:00", "utc": "1919-12-31T23:54:19Z", "ms": -1577923541427.8335 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-01T07:54:19+08:00", "utc": "1919-12-31T23:54:19Z", "ms": -1577923541427.8335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-02T07:54:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T23:54:37Z", "ms": -1577837122778.995 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T07:54:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T23:54:37Z", "ms": -1577837122778.995 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 18:23 on Fri 2 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z → 1920-01-02T10:22:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:54 on the 1st and 07:55 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 2 January. Ekādaśī runs from 21:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 18:23 on Fri 2 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11527, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T15:19:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T11:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T15:19:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T11:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T18:31:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T10:31:29Z", "ms": -1577712510700.8713 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-03T20:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T12:18:39Z", "ms": -1577706081206.444 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-04T18:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T10:32:09Z", "ms": -1577626070507.3672 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T20:19:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T12:19:16Z", "ms": -1577619644424.8955 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 11:59 on Sun 4 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z → 1920-01-04T03:59:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–20:19 on the 3rd, 18:32–20:19 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 107 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11527 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 3 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 3 January. Trayodaśī runs from 15:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 11:59 on Sun 4 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2607, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T20:39:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T19:03:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T20:39:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T19:03:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T21:23:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T13:23:15Z", "ms": -1577270204874.3848 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-08T21:23:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T13:23:15Z", "ms": -1577270204874.3848 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-09T22:22:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T14:22:39Z", "ms": -1577180240821.4727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T22:22:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T14:22:39Z", "ms": -1577180240821.4727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 19:04 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z → 1920-01-09T11:03:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:23 on the 8th and 22:23 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2607 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 8 January. Caturthī runs from 20:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 19:04 on Fri 9 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19992, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-13T02:04:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:38:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T10:38:34Z", "ms": -1576848086303.5044 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T18:40:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T10:40:03Z", "ms": -1576675197035.5403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 19992 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhogi 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19992, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-13T02:04:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:38:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T10:38:34Z", "ms": -1576848086303.5044 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T18:40:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T10:40:03Z", "ms": -1576675197035.5403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 19992 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pongal 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39234, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-13T02:04:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1576828800000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1576742400000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1576742400000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1576656000000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Kunming.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 39234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Makara Saṅkrānti 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19992, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-13T02:04:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T13:06:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:38:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T10:38:34Z", "ms": -1576848086303.5044 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T10:39:18Z", "ms": -1576761641782.971 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T18:40:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T10:40:03Z", "ms": -1576675197035.5403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 19992 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mattu Pongal 1920 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 13:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10853, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-16T02:07:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T04:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-16T02:07:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T04:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-16T07:56:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T23:56:33Z", "ms": -1576627407490.677 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T07:56:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T23:56:33Z", "ms": -1576627407490.677 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T07:56:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T23:56:30Z", "ms": -1576541010049.927 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T07:56:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T23:56:30Z", "ms": -1576541010049.927 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Fri 16 Jan to 04:56 on Sat 17 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z → 1920-01-16T20:55:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:57 on the 16th and 07:56 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10853 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Fri 16 Jan to 04:56 on Sat 17 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31476, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T07:36:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T07:36:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T18:42:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T10:42:18Z", "ms": -1576415861816.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-18T20:28:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T12:28:10Z", "ms": -1576409509517.9724 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T18:43:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T10:43:03Z", "ms": -1576329416544.1367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T20:28:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T12:28:49Z", "ms": -1576323071211.6318 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:36 on Sun 18 Jan to 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z → 1920-01-19T01:58:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:28 on the 18th, 18:43–20:29 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 106 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31476 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 07:36 on Sun 18 Jan to 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T11:56:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T11:56:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T00:55:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T16:55:19Z", "ms": -1576393480697.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:43:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T17:43:19Z", "ms": -1576390600697.4985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-20T00:55:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T16:55:38Z", "ms": -1576307061547.2437 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T01:43:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T17:43:38Z", "ms": -1576304181547.2437 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 11:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:55–01:43 on the 18th, 00:56–01:44 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 11:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T11:56:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T09:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T11:56:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T06:10:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T22:10:28Z", "ms": -1576374571877.025 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T07:56:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T23:56:20Z", "ms": -1576368219578.6707 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:10:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T22:10:28Z", "ms": -1576288171882.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T07:56:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T23:56:13Z", "ms": -1576281826550.3506 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 11:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:10–07:56 on the 19th, 06:10–07:56 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 19th and 106 of 106 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 20 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Tuesday 20 January. Caturdaśī runs from 09:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 11:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12579, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T15:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T15:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T18:46:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T10:46:50Z", "ms": -1575897190335.0093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T20:31:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T12:31:57Z", "ms": -1575890882748.9973 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T18:47:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T10:47:35Z", "ms": -1575810745364.1104 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T20:32:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T12:32:34Z", "ms": -1575804445875.3928 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:47–20:32 on the 24th, 18:48–20:33 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 105 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12579 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Tila Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4857, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T15:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T15:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T12:57:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T04:57:10Z", "ms": -1575918169734.7454 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T13:45:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T05:45:10Z", "ms": -1575915289734.7454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:57:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T04:57:26Z", "ms": -1575831754402.0151 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:45:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T05:45:26Z", "ms": -1575828874402.0151 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 24th, 12:57–13:45 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4857 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1920 falls on Sunday 25 January. Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2891, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T14:33:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T14:33:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:57:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T04:57:26Z", "ms": -1575831754402.0151 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:45:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T05:45:26Z", "ms": -1575828874402.0151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:57:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T04:57:40Z", "ms": -1575745339878.2188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T13:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T05:45:40Z", "ms": -1575742459878.2188 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 14:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 25th, 12:58–13:46 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2891 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Monday 26 January. Pañcamī runs from 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 14:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2891, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T14:33:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T15:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T14:33:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:57:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T04:57:26Z", "ms": -1575831754402.0151 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:45:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T05:45:26Z", "ms": -1575828874402.0151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:57:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T04:57:40Z", "ms": -1575745339878.2188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T13:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T05:45:40Z", "ms": -1575742459878.2188 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 14:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 25th, 12:58–13:46 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2891 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasanta Pañcamī 1920 falls on Monday 26 January. Pañcamī runs from 15:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 14:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16166, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T13:39:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T12:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T13:39:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T12:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T06:09:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T22:09:52Z", "ms": -1575683407623.69 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-27T07:54:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T23:54:44Z", "ms": -1575677116403.0718 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-28T06:09:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T22:09:42Z", "ms": -1575597017830.1667 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T07:54:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T23:54:25Z", "ms": -1575590735043.3716 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:24 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z → 1920-01-28T04:23:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:10–07:55 on the 27th, 06:10–07:54 on the 28th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 27th and 105 of 105 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ratha Saptamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Saptamī runs from 13:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:24 on Wed 28 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5244, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T06:25:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T03:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T06:25:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T03:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T07:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T23:53:21Z", "ms": -1575331599455.901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T07:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T23:53:21Z", "ms": -1575331599455.901 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T07:52:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T23:52:56Z", "ms": -1575245223706.204 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T07:52:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T23:52:56Z", "ms": -1575245223706.204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:26 on Sat 31 Jan to 03:49 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z → 1920-01-31T19:49:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:53 on the 31st and 07:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5244 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 31 January. Ekādaśī runs from 06:26 on Sat 31 Jan to 03:49 on Sun 1 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T03:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T01:01:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T03:49:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T01:01:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T12:58:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T04:58:50Z", "ms": -1575226870165.8457 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T13:46:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T05:46:50Z", "ms": -1575223990165.8457 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T12:58:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T04:58:59Z", "ms": -1575140461482.6138 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T13:46:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T05:46:59Z", "ms": -1575137581482.6138 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:49 on Sun 1 Feb to 01:01 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z → 1920-02-01T17:01:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 1st, 12:59–13:47 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 1 February. Dvādaśī runs from 03:49 on Sun 1 Feb to 01:01 on Mon 2 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T01:01:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T22:08:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T01:01:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T22:08:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T18:52:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T10:52:43Z", "ms": -1575205636625.487 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:36:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T12:36:42Z", "ms": -1575199398317.566 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T18:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T10:53:26Z", "ms": -1575119193649.1484 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T20:37:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T12:37:15Z", "ms": -1575112964664.6023 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:01 on Mon 2 Feb to 22:08 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z → 1920-02-02T14:08:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:37 on the 1st, 18:53–20:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 1st and 104 of 104 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 2 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 2 February. Trayodaśī runs from 01:01 on Mon 2 Feb to 22:08 on Mon 2 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10488, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T19:18:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T16:42:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T19:18:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T16:42:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T12:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T04:59:06Z", "ms": -1575054053634.103 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-03T13:47:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T05:47:06Z", "ms": -1575051173634.103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-04T12:59:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T04:59:13Z", "ms": -1574967646614.6646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T13:47:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T05:47:13Z", "ms": -1574964766614.6646 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 16:42 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z → 1920-02-04T08:42:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 3rd, 12:59–13:47 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10488 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Wednesday 4 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 16:42 on Wed 4 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36866, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T11:45:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T11:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T11:45:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T11:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T22:00:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T14:00:21Z", "ms": -1574675979479.3518 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-07T22:00:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T14:00:21Z", "ms": -1574675979479.3518 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-08T22:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T14:55:37Z", "ms": -1574586263099.6284 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T22:55:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T14:55:37Z", "ms": -1574586263099.6284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 11:32 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z → 1920-02-08T03:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:00 on the 7th and 22:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36866 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 7 February. Caturthī runs from 11:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 11:32 on Sun 8 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T23:27:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T01:46:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T23:27:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T01:46:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-15T07:45:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T23:45:04Z", "ms": -1574036095759.1106 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T07:45:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T23:45:04Z", "ms": -1574036095759.1106 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T07:44:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T23:44:22Z", "ms": -1573949738013.2883 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T07:44:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T23:44:22Z", "ms": -1573949738013.2883 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 01:46 on Mon 16 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z → 1920-02-15T17:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:45 on the 15th and 07:44 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 23:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 01:46 on Mon 16 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24682, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T03:35:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T04:50:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T03:35:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T04:50:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T19:02:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T11:02:50Z", "ms": -1573909030398.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T20:44:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T12:44:16Z", "ms": -1573902943849.6755 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T19:03:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T11:03:27Z", "ms": -1573822593185.852 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:44:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T12:44:43Z", "ms": -1573816517499.451 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:36 on Tue 17 Feb to 04:50 on Wed 18 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z → 1920-02-17T20:50:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:44 on the 16th, 19:03–20:45 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 16th and 101 of 101 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24682 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:36 on Tue 17 Feb to 04:50 on Wed 18 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10980, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-18T04:50:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T05:28:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-18T04:50:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T05:28:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-18T00:59:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T16:59:11Z", "ms": -1573801249361.8477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T01:47:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T17:47:11Z", "ms": -1573798369361.8477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-19T00:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T16:59:06Z", "ms": -1573714853583.083 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T01:47:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T17:47:06Z", "ms": -1573711973583.083 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:50 on Wed 18 Feb to 05:29 on Thu 19 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z → 1920-02-18T21:28:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:59–01:47 on the 17th, 00:59–01:47 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 10980 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāśivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 18 February. Caturdaśī runs from 04:50 on Wed 18 Feb to 05:29 on Thu 19 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-23T03:16:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-24T01:54:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-23T03:16:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-24T01:54:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-23T12:59:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T04:59:00Z", "ms": -1573326059971.616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T13:47:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T05:47:00Z", "ms": -1573323179971.616 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-24T12:58:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-24T04:58:52Z", "ms": -1573239667760.1587 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-24T13:46:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-24T05:46:52Z", "ms": -1573236787760.1587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:16 on Mon 23 Feb to 01:55 on Tue 24 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z → 1920-02-23T17:54:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 23rd, 12:59–13:47 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 23 February. Caturthī runs from 03:16 on Mon 23 Feb to 01:55 on Tue 24 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T14:32:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T12:21:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T14:32:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T12:21:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T07:33:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-28T23:33:49Z", "ms": -1572827171133.604 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-29T07:33:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-28T23:33:49Z", "ms": -1572827171133.604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-01T07:32:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T23:32:55Z", "ms": -1572740825443.5107 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T07:32:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T23:32:55Z", "ms": -1572740825443.5107 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 12:21 on Mon 1 Mar.", "fact": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z → 1920-03-01T04:21:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:34 on the 29th and 07:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 1 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 12:21 on Mon 1 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T10:13:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T08:14:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T10:13:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T08:14:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T19:11:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T11:11:22Z", "ms": -1572612517949.52 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-02T20:50:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T12:50:00Z", "ms": -1572606600361.2441 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T19:11:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T11:11:53Z", "ms": -1572526087138.6035 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T20:50:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T12:50:19Z", "ms": -1572520181154.9485 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 08:14 on Wed 3 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z → 1920-03-03T00:14:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:11–20:50 on the 2nd, 19:12–20:50 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 98 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 2 March. Trayodaśī runs from 10:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 08:14 on Wed 3 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T06:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T06:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T16:51:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T08:51:43Z", "ms": -1572534496918.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T19:11:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T11:11:53Z", "ms": -1572526087138.6035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T16:51:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T08:51:56Z", "ms": -1572448083806.5583 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T19:12:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T11:12:23Z", "ms": -1572439656692.9001 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:52–19:12 on the 3rd, 16:52–19:12 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 140 minutes on the 3rd and 140 of 140 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holikā Dahana 1920 falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T06:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T06:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T16:51:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T08:51:43Z", "ms": -1572534496918.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T19:11:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T11:11:53Z", "ms": -1572526087138.6035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T16:51:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T08:51:56Z", "ms": -1572448083806.5583 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T19:12:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T11:12:23Z", "ms": -1572439656692.9001 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:52–19:12 on the 3rd, 16:52–19:12 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 140 minutes on the 3rd and 140 of 140 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35989 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 4 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holī 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 4th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8219, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-06T04:23:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T05:12:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-06T04:23:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T07:29:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T23:29:11Z", "ms": -1572395449062.0493 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T07:29:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T23:29:11Z", "ms": -1572395449062.0493 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-06T07:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T23:28:14Z", "ms": -1572309106409.3572 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-06T07:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T23:28:14Z", "ms": -1572309106409.3572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar to 04:24 on Sat 6 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z → 1920-03-05T20:23:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:29 on the 5th and 07:28 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8219 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Kunming, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasantotsava 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. Pratipadā runs from 05:12 on Fri 5 Mar to 04:24 on Sat 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25558, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-08T04:42:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-09T05:54:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-08T04:42:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-09T05:54:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T21:36:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T13:36:57Z", "ms": -1572171782580.6257 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-07T21:36:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T13:36:57Z", "ms": -1572171782580.6257 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-08T22:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T14:31:09Z", "ms": -1572082130706.6665 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-08T22:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T14:31:09Z", "ms": -1572082130706.6665 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Mon 8 Mar to 05:55 on Tue 9 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z → 1920-03-08T21:54:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:37 on the 7th and 22:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25558 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 8 March. Caturthī runs from 04:43 on Mon 8 Mar to 05:55 on Tue 9 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1022, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T12:38:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T15:13:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T12:38:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T15:13:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T12:55:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:55:18Z", "ms": -1571771082349.9404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-12T13:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T05:43:18Z", "ms": -1571768202349.9404 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-13T12:55:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T04:55:01Z", "ms": -1571684698597.2017 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T13:43:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T05:43:01Z", "ms": -1571681818597.2017 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 15:14 on Sat 13 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z → 1920-03-13T07:13:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:55–13:43 on the 12th, 12:55–13:43 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1022 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Friday 12 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 15:14 on Sat 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38273, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T19:25:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T20:39:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T19:25:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T20:39:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-16T07:18:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T23:18:17Z", "ms": -1571445703395.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T07:18:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T23:18:17Z", "ms": -1571445703395.4192 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T07:17:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T23:17:15Z", "ms": -1571359364820.6765 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-17T07:17:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T23:17:15Z", "ms": -1571359364820.6765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 20:39 on Tue 16 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z → 1920-03-16T12:39:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:18 on the 16th and 07:17 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38273 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 19:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 20:39 on Tue 16 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 456, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T21:11:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T21:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T21:11:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T21:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T19:18:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T11:18:33Z", "ms": -1571316087281.8887 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-17T20:54:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T12:54:14Z", "ms": -1571310345837.9297 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T19:19:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T11:19:00Z", "ms": -1571229660418.1465 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T20:54:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T12:54:29Z", "ms": -1571223930797.714 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 21:02 on Thu 18 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z → 1920-03-18T13:02:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:54 on the 17th, 19:19–20:54 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 17th and 95 of 95 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 456 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 18 March. Trayodaśī runs from 21:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 21:02 on Thu 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T21:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T20:14:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T21:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T20:14:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-19T00:53:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T16:53:06Z", "ms": -1571209614341.5254 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T01:41:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T17:41:06Z", "ms": -1571206734341.5254 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T00:52:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T16:52:48Z", "ms": -1571123231975.6392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-20T01:40:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T17:40:48Z", "ms": -1571120351975.6392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 20:15 on Fri 19 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z → 1920-03-19T12:14:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:53–01:41 on the 18th, 00:53–01:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 18 March. Caturdaśī runs from 21:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 20:15 on Fri 19 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12611, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T18:55:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T17:10:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T18:55:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T17:10:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T12:53:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T04:53:01Z", "ms": -1571080018701.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-20T13:41:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T05:41:01Z", "ms": -1571077138701.3198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-21T12:52:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T04:52:43Z", "ms": -1570993636550.063 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T13:40:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T05:40:43Z", "ms": -1570990756550.063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 18:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 17:11 on Sun 21 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z → 1920-03-21T09:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:53–13:41 on the 20th, 12:53–13:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12611 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Kunming, 1920: Sunday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1920 falls on Sunday 21 March. Pratipadā runs from 18:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 17:11 on Sun 21 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T15:08:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T15:08:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T04:52:25Z", "ms": -1570907254521.0327 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T13:40:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T05:40:25Z", "ms": -1570904374521.0327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:52:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:52:07Z", "ms": -1570820872598.3042 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:40:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T05:40:07Z", "ms": -1570817992598.3042 } }, "covered_min": 2, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 22nd, 12:52–13:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 2 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 136 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers 2 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 16 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T15:08:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T15:08:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T04:52:25Z", "ms": -1570907254521.0327 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T13:40:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T05:40:25Z", "ms": -1570904374521.0327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:52:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:52:07Z", "ms": -1570820872598.3042 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:40:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T05:40:07Z", "ms": -1570817992598.3042 } }, "covered_min": 2, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 22nd, 12:52–13:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 2 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 136 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers 2 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 16 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T10:34:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:54:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T10:34:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:52:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:52:07Z", "ms": -1570820872598.3042 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:40:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T05:40:07Z", "ms": -1570817992598.3042 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:51:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T04:51:49Z", "ms": -1570734490765.7617 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T13:39:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T05:39:49Z", "ms": -1570731610765.7617 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 10:35 on Wed 24 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z → 1920-03-24T02:34:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 23rd, 12:52–13:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 46 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 136 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Caturthī runs from 12:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 10:35 on Wed 24 Mar and covers 46 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 16 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8212, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T10:34:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T08:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T10:34:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T08:14:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:51:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T04:51:49Z", "ms": -1570734490765.7617 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T13:39:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T05:39:49Z", "ms": -1570731610765.7617 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-25T12:51:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T04:51:31Z", "ms": -1570648109006.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T13:39:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T05:39:31Z", "ms": -1570645229006.7646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 08:15 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z → 1920-03-25T00:14:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 24th, 12:52–13:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8212 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Pañcamī runs from 10:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 08:15 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T03:47:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T01:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T03:47:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T01:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:50:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T04:50:54Z", "ms": -1570475345638.6914 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T13:38:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T05:38:54Z", "ms": -1570472465638.6914 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T12:50:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T04:50:36Z", "ms": -1570388963991.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T13:38:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T05:38:36Z", "ms": -1570386083991.7478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:47 on Sat 27 Mar to 01:45 on Sun 28 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z → 1920-03-27T17:44:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 27th, 12:51–13:39 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhavānī Utpatti 1920 falls on Saturday 27 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:47 on Sat 27 Mar to 01:45 on Sun 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T01:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T23:52:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T01:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T23:52:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:50:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T04:50:54Z", "ms": -1570475345638.6914 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T13:38:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T05:38:54Z", "ms": -1570472465638.6914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T12:50:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T04:50:36Z", "ms": -1570388963991.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T13:38:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T05:38:36Z", "ms": -1570386083991.7478 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 01:45 on Sun 28 Mar to 23:53 on Sun 28 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z → 1920-03-28T15:52:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 27th, 12:51–13:39 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāma Navamī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 March. Navamī runs from 01:45 on Sun 28 Mar to 23:53 on Sun 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31822, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T22:13:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T20:49:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T22:13:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T20:49:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-30T07:03:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T23:03:47Z", "ms": -1570236973367.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T07:03:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T23:03:47Z", "ms": -1570236973367.1914 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T07:02:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T23:02:45Z", "ms": -1570150635475.453 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T07:02:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T23:02:45Z", "ms": -1570150635475.453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 20:49 on Tue 30 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z → 1920-03-30T12:49:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:04 on the 30th and 07:03 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31822 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 30 March. Ekādaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 20:49 on Tue 30 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:43:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:43:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:24:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:24:38Z", "ms": -1570106122427.358 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T20:57:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T12:57:34Z", "ms": -1570100545762.0518 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:25:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:25:03Z", "ms": -1570019696891.867 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T20:57:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T12:57:48Z", "ms": -1570014131869.559 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:58 on the 31st, 19:25–20:58 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 93 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 93 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 31 March. Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers 74 of 93 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19381, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:43:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:43:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T12:49:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T04:49:41Z", "ms": -1570129818951.4053 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T13:37:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T05:37:41Z", "ms": -1570126938951.4053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:49:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T04:49:23Z", "ms": -1570043437164.7148 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T13:37:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T05:37:23Z", "ms": -1570040557164.7148 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 31st, 12:49–13:37 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19381 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 19:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18337, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T18:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T19:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T18:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:49:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T04:49:23Z", "ms": -1570043437164.7148 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T13:37:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T05:37:23Z", "ms": -1570040557164.7148 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:49:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T04:49:05Z", "ms": -1569957055286.8918 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:37:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T05:37:05Z", "ms": -1569954175286.8918 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 18:43 on Fri 2 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z → 1920-04-02T10:42:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 1st, 12:49–13:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18337 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Friday 2 April. Caturdaśī runs from 19:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 18:43 on Fri 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18337, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T18:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T18:54:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T18:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T18:54:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:49:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T04:49:05Z", "ms": -1569957055286.8918 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:37:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T05:37:05Z", "ms": -1569954175286.8918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-03T12:48:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T04:48:47Z", "ms": -1569870673295.0444 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T13:36:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T05:36:47Z", "ms": -1569867793295.0444 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 18:54 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z → 1920-04-03T10:54:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 2nd, 12:49–13:37 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18337 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Saturday 3 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 18:54 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T22:40:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-08T00:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T22:40:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-08T00:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T22:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:06:58Z", "ms": -1569577981508.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-06T22:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:06:58Z", "ms": -1569577981508.4026 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T14:58:28Z", "ms": -1569488492268.1882 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T14:58:28Z", "ms": -1569488492268.1882 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 00:53 on Thu 8 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z → 1920-04-07T16:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:07 on the 6th and 22:58 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 7 April. Caturthī runs from 22:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 00:53 on Thu 8 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2948, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T07:38:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T04:40:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T20:40:30Z", "ms": -1566357570165.969 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T07:38:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-13T07:38:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-12T06:50:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-11T22:50:39Z", "ms": -1569114561135.9155 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-13T06:49:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T22:49:41Z", "ms": -1569028219119.9631 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T06:49:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T22:49:41Z", "ms": -1569028219119.9631 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:48:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T22:48:43Z", "ms": -1568941876597.2217 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 07:39 on Tue 13 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:51 on the 12th, and from 06:50 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 2948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaiśākhī 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 07:39 on Tue 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20541, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T12:31:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T12:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T12:31:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T12:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:48:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T22:48:43Z", "ms": -1568941876597.2217 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:48:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T22:48:43Z", "ms": -1568941876597.2217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-15T06:47:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T22:47:46Z", "ms": -1568855533543.1787 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T06:47:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T22:47:46Z", "ms": -1568855533543.1787 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 12:30 on Thu 15 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-15T04:30:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 14th and 06:48 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20541 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 15 April. Ekādaśī runs from 12:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 12:30 on Thu 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28076, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T11:43:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T10:15:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T11:43:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T10:15:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T19:31:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T11:31:35Z", "ms": -1568723305016.7346 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-16T21:01:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T13:01:30Z", "ms": -1568717910447.513 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T19:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T11:32:02Z", "ms": -1568636877815.2754 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T21:01:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T13:01:46Z", "ms": -1568631494234.8188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 10:16 on Sat 17 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z → 1920-04-17T02:15:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:32–21:01 on the 16th, 19:32–21:02 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 90 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28076 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Friday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 10:16 on Sat 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T10:15:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T08:13:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T10:15:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T08:13:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T00:44:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T16:44:45Z", "ms": -1568704515382.1528 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T01:32:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T17:32:45Z", "ms": -1568701635382.1528 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:44:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T16:44:31Z", "ms": -1568618129388.563 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T01:32:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T17:32:31Z", "ms": -1568615249388.563 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 08:13 on Sun 18 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z → 1920-04-18T00:13:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:45–01:33 on the 16th, 00:45–01:33 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Saturday 17 April. Caturdaśī runs from 10:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 08:13 on Sun 18 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24592, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T23:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T23:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T06:42:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T22:42:17Z", "ms": -1568337462810.2258 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T10:59:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T02:59:29Z", "ms": -1568322030990.2515 } }, "covered_min": 257, "window_min": 257, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T06:41:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T22:41:25Z", "ms": -1568251115431.1636 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T10:59:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T02:59:03Z", "ms": -1568235656730.4802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 258, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:42–10:59 on the 21st, 06:41–10:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 257 of 257 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 258 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24592 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T23:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T23:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T19:33:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T11:33:25Z", "ms": -1568377595212.2546 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-20T21:02:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T13:02:36Z", "ms": -1568372244225.3174 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T19:33:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T11:33:53Z", "ms": -1568291167350.3025 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T21:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T13:02:53Z", "ms": -1568285827094.4172 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:33–21:03 on the 20th, 19:34–21:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 20th and 75 of 89 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1920 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers 75 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15481, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T17:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:48:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T17:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:44:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T04:44:05Z", "ms": -1568315755080.2642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T13:32:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T05:32:05Z", "ms": -1568312875080.2642 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T04:43:53Z", "ms": -1568229367380.1384 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T13:31:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T05:31:53Z", "ms": -1568226487380.1384 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 17:50 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z → 1920-04-22T09:49:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 21st, 12:44–13:32 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15481 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 22 April. Caturthī runs from 20:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 17:50 on Thu 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5430, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T17:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T15:02:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T17:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T15:02:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T04:43:53Z", "ms": -1568229367380.1384 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T13:31:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T05:31:53Z", "ms": -1568226487380.1384 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-23T12:43:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T04:43:41Z", "ms": -1568142979253.6838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T13:31:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T05:31:41Z", "ms": -1568140099253.6838 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 15:02 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z → 1920-04-23T07:02:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 22nd, 12:44–13:32 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5430 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1920 falls on Friday 23 April. Pañcamī runs from 17:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 15:02 on Fri 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 721, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:31:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T10:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:31:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T10:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:43:29Z", "ms": -1568056590691.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-24T13:31:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T05:31:29Z", "ms": -1568053710691.9854 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-25T12:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T04:43:18Z", "ms": -1567970201685.3142 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T13:31:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T05:31:18Z", "ms": -1567967321685.3142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 10:22 on Sun 25 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-25T02:22:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 24th, 12:43–13:31 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 721 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1920 falls on Saturday 24 April. Saptamī runs from 12:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 10:22 on Sun 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:34:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:34:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:36:24Z", "ms": -1567733015799.5476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:36:24Z", "ms": -1567733015799.5476 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:35:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:35:37Z", "ms": -1567646663095.5925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:35:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:35:37Z", "ms": -1567646663095.5925 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:34 on Wed 28 Apr to 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z → 1920-04-28T22:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 28th and 06:36 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 119 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 April. Ekādaśī runs from 06:34 on Wed 28 Apr to 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr and is current at sunrise that day. It is 1 min 59 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:42:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T04:42:39Z", "ms": -1567624640990.5554 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T13:30:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T05:30:39Z", "ms": -1567621760990.5554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T12:42:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T04:42:30Z", "ms": -1567538249592.0889 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T13:30:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T05:30:30Z", "ms": -1567535369592.0889 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 29th, 12:43–13:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:42:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T04:42:39Z", "ms": -1567624640990.5554 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T13:30:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T05:30:39Z", "ms": -1567621760990.5554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T12:42:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T04:42:30Z", "ms": -1567538249592.0889 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T13:30:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T05:30:30Z", "ms": -1567535369592.0889 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 29th, 12:43–13:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 06:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T07:07:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T06:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T07:07:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T19:37:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T11:37:41Z", "ms": -1567599738885.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T21:05:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T13:05:18Z", "ms": -1567594481639.4333 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T11:38:10Z", "ms": -1567513309644.2969 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T21:05:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T13:05:38Z", "ms": -1567508062372.9177 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr to 07:07 on Sat 1 May.", "fact": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z → 1920-04-30T23:07:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:38–21:05 on the 29th, 19:38–21:06 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 29th and 87 of 87 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Friday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 30 April. Trayodaśī runs from 06:27 on Fri 30 Apr to 07:07 on Sat 1 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T07:07:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T07:07:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T11:38:10Z", "ms": -1567513309644.2969 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T21:05:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T13:05:38Z", "ms": -1567508062372.9177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T19:38:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T11:38:40Z", "ms": -1567426880252.1426 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T21:05:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T13:05:57Z", "ms": -1567421642855.7883 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:07 on Sat 1 May to 08:14 on Sun 2 May.", "fact": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z → 1920-05-02T00:14:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:38–21:06 on the 30th, 19:39–21:06 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 30th and 87 of 87 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 1 May. Caturdaśī runs from 07:07 on Sat 1 May to 08:14 on Sun 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T09:46:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T09:46:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T04:42:15Z", "ms": -1567365465244.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T13:30:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T05:30:15Z", "ms": -1567362585244.8728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T04:42:08Z", "ms": -1567279072274.5718 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T13:30:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T05:30:08Z", "ms": -1567276192274.5718 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:14 on Sun 2 May to 09:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 2nd, 12:42–13:30 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:14 on Sun 2 May to 09:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T09:46:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T08:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T09:46:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T04:42:15Z", "ms": -1567365465244.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T13:30:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T05:30:15Z", "ms": -1567362585244.8728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T04:42:08Z", "ms": -1567279072274.5718 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T13:30:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T05:30:08Z", "ms": -1567276192274.5718 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:14 on Sun 2 May to 09:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 2nd, 12:42–13:30 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:14 on Sun 2 May to 09:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T16:23:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T18:54:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T16:23:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T18:54:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T22:30:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T14:30:13Z", "ms": -1566984587031.917 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-06T22:30:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T14:30:13Z", "ms": -1566984587031.917 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-07T23:16:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1566895438178.6206 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T23:16:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1566895438178.6206 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:23 on Thu 6 May to 18:54 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z → 1920-05-07T10:54:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:30 on the 6th and 23:16 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 6 May. Caturthī runs from 16:23 on Thu 6 May to 18:54 on Fri 7 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-14T02:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T01:09:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-14T02:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T01:09:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-14T06:25:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T22:25:42Z", "ms": -1566351257879.343 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T06:25:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T22:25:42Z", "ms": -1566351257879.343 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T06:25:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T22:25:11Z", "ms": -1566264888987.98 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T06:25:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T22:25:11Z", "ms": -1566264888987.98 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:19 on Fri 14 May to 01:09 on Sat 15 May.", "fact": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z → 1920-05-14T17:09:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:26 on the 14th and 06:25 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aparā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 02:19 on Fri 14 May to 01:09 on Sat 15 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1493, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T23:16:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:46:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T23:16:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:46:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T19:45:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T11:45:44Z", "ms": -1566216855619.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T21:10:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T13:10:56Z", "ms": -1566211744062.324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T19:46:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T11:46:15Z", "ms": -1566130424761.728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T21:11:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T13:11:19Z", "ms": -1566125321157.2688 } }, "covered_min": 60, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:17 on Sat 15 May to 20:46 on Sun 16 May.", "fact": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z → 1920-05-16T12:46:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:46–21:11 on the 15th, 19:46–21:11 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 15th and 60 of 85 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1493 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 16 May. Trayodaśī runs from 23:17 on Sat 15 May to 20:46 on Sun 16 May and covers 60 of 85 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:46:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T17:46:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:46:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T17:46:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-17T00:41:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T16:41:14Z", "ms": -1566112726245.0063 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T01:29:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T17:29:14Z", "ms": -1566109846245.0063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-18T00:41:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T16:41:15Z", "ms": -1566026324633.7231 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-18T01:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1566023444633.7231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:46 on Sun 16 May to 17:46 on Mon 17 May.", "fact": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z → 1920-05-17T09:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:41–01:29 on the 16th, 00:41–01:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 16 May. Caturdaśī runs from 20:46 on Sun 16 May to 17:46 on Mon 17 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19606, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T07:14:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T03:45:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T07:14:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T03:45:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:41:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T04:41:36Z", "ms": -1565810304408.6514 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T13:29:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T05:29:36Z", "ms": -1565807424408.6514 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T04:41:39Z", "ms": -1565723901194.8018 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T13:29:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T05:29:39Z", "ms": -1565721021194.8018 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:15 on Thu 20 May to 03:45 on Fri 21 May.", "fact": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z → 1920-05-20T19:45:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 20th, 12:42–13:30 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19606 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Thursday 20 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:15 on Thu 20 May to 03:45 on Fri 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32175, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T03:45:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T00:31:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T03:45:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T00:31:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T04:41:39Z", "ms": -1565723901194.8018 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T13:29:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T05:29:39Z", "ms": -1565721021194.8018 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T04:41:43Z", "ms": -1565637497463.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T05:29:43Z", "ms": -1565634617463.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:45 on Fri 21 May to 00:32 on Sat 22 May.", "fact": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z → 1920-05-21T16:31:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 21st, 12:42–13:30 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32175 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 21 May. Caturthī runs from 03:45 on Fri 21 May to 00:32 on Sat 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21272, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T21:42:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T21:42:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T04:41:43Z", "ms": -1565637497463.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T05:29:43Z", "ms": -1565634617463.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T04:41:47Z", "ms": -1565551093226.5122 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T05:29:47Z", "ms": -1565548213226.5122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:42 on Sat 22 May to 19:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 22nd, 12:42–13:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21272 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:42 on Sat 22 May to 19:24 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21272, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T21:42:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T21:42:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T04:41:43Z", "ms": -1565637497463.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T05:29:43Z", "ms": -1565634617463.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T04:41:47Z", "ms": -1565551093226.5122 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T05:29:47Z", "ms": -1565548213226.5122 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:42 on Sat 22 May to 19:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 22nd, 12:42–13:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21272 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Kunming, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:42 on Sat 22 May to 19:24 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T16:38:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T17:33:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T16:38:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T17:33:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T06:20:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-26T22:20:29Z", "ms": -1565228370511.993 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-27T06:20:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-26T22:20:29Z", "ms": -1565228370511.993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T06:20:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T22:20:14Z", "ms": -1565141986193.6716 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T06:20:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T22:20:14Z", "ms": -1565141986193.6716 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:39 on Thu 27 May to 17:33 on Fri 28 May.", "fact": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z → 1920-05-28T09:33:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 27th and 06:20 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 28 May. Ekādaśī runs from 16:39 on Thu 27 May to 17:33 on Fri 28 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T17:33:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T18:58:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T17:33:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T18:58:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T04:42:15Z", "ms": -1565119064811.9355 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T13:30:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T05:30:15Z", "ms": -1565116184811.9355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T12:42:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T04:42:22Z", "ms": -1565032657752.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T13:30:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T05:30:22Z", "ms": -1565029777752.3574 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:33 on Fri 28 May to 18:58 on Sat 29 May.", "fact": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z → 1920-05-29T10:58:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 28th, 12:42–13:30 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 29 May. Dvādaśī runs from 17:33 on Fri 28 May to 18:58 on Sat 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T18:58:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T20:48:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T18:58:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T20:48:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T19:52:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T11:52:45Z", "ms": -1565006834844.4587 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T21:16:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T13:16:21Z", "ms": -1565001818719.7375 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-30T19:53:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T11:53:13Z", "ms": -1564920406606.2805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T21:16:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T13:16:44Z", "ms": -1564915395850.5237 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:58 on Sat 29 May to 20:48 on Sun 30 May.", "fact": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z → 1920-05-30T12:48:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:53–21:16 on the 29th, 19:53–21:17 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 29th and 55 of 84 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 29 May. Trayodaśī runs from 18:58 on Sat 29 May to 20:48 on Sun 30 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 55 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T22:56:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-02T01:17:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T22:56:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-02T01:17:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T19:53:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T11:53:41Z", "ms": -1564833978739.6416 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-31T21:17:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T13:17:07Z", "ms": -1564828973140.5295 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-01T19:54:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T11:54:09Z", "ms": -1564747551268.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T21:17:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T13:17:29Z", "ms": -1564742550610.7961 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:57 on Mon 31 May to 01:18 on Wed 2 Jun.", "fact": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z → 1920-06-01T17:17:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:54–21:17 on the 31st, 19:54–21:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 31st and 83 of 83 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 1 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:57 on Mon 31 May to 01:18 on Wed 2 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38361, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T08:36:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T10:47:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T08:36:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T10:47:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:57:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T13:57:23Z", "ms": -1564480957136.2021 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:57:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T13:57:23Z", "ms": -1564480957136.2021 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T22:38:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T14:38:55Z", "ms": -1564392064846.522 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-05T22:38:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T14:38:55Z", "ms": -1564392064846.522 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 10:47 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z → 1920-06-06T02:47:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:57 on the 4th and 22:39 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38361 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 08:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 10:47 on Sun 6 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16718, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T13:00:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T10:57:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T13:00:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T10:57:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T06:18:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-11T22:18:44Z", "ms": -1563846075786.2175 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-12T06:18:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-11T22:18:44Z", "ms": -1563846075786.2175 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T06:18:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T22:18:48Z", "ms": -1563759672260.23 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T06:18:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T22:18:48Z", "ms": -1563759672260.23 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 10:57 on Sun 13 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z → 1920-06-13T02:57:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 12th and 06:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 13 June. Ekādaśī runs from 13:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 10:57 on Sun 13 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T08:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T05:04:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T08:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T05:04:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T19:58:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T11:58:58Z", "ms": -1563710461898.5427 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T21:21:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T13:21:37Z", "ms": -1563705502660.2275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T19:59:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T11:59:18Z", "ms": -1563624041973.2559 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-14T21:21:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T13:21:55Z", "ms": -1563619084624.7449 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 05:04 on Tue 15 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z → 1920-06-14T21:04:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:59–21:22 on the 13th, 19:59–21:22 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 13th and 83 of 83 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 08:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 05:04 on Tue 15 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T05:04:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-16T01:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T05:04:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-16T01:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:45:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T16:45:08Z", "ms": -1563606891916.3394 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T01:33:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T17:33:08Z", "ms": -1563604011916.3394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-16T00:45:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T16:45:21Z", "ms": -1563520478929.2705 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-16T01:33:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:33:21Z", "ms": -1563517598929.2705 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Tue 15 Jun to 01:29 on Wed 16 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z → 1920-06-15T17:29:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:45–01:33 on the 14th, 00:45–01:33 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 44 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 246 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 15 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Tuesday 15 June. Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Tue 15 Jun to 01:29 on Wed 16 Jun and covers 44 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It is 4 min 06 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1911, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T17:49:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T14:05:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T17:49:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T14:05:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:45:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T04:45:43Z", "ms": -1563390857082.4023 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-17T13:33:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T05:33:43Z", "ms": -1563387977082.4023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-18T12:45:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T04:45:56Z", "ms": -1563304444326.1567 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T13:33:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T05:33:56Z", "ms": -1563301564326.1567 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 17:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 14:06 on Fri 18 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z → 1920-06-18T06:05:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 17th, 12:46–13:34 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1911 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Kunming, 1920: Friday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rathayātrā 1920 falls on Friday 18 June. Dvitīyā runs from 17:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 14:06 on Fri 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7565, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T10:40:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T07:42:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T10:40:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T07:42:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:46:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T04:46:08Z", "ms": -1563218031525.7134 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T13:34:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T05:34:08Z", "ms": -1563215151525.7134 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:46:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T04:46:21Z", "ms": -1563131618709.3086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T13:34:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T05:34:21Z", "ms": -1563128738709.3086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 07:42 on Sun 20 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z → 1920-06-19T23:42:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 19th, 12:46–13:34 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7565 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 19 June. Caturthī runs from 10:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 07:42 on Sun 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18238, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T07:42:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T05:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T07:42:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T05:21:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:46:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T04:46:21Z", "ms": -1563131618709.3086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T13:34:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T05:34:21Z", "ms": -1563128738709.3086 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T12:46:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T04:46:34Z", "ms": -1563045205903.7717 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T13:34:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T05:34:34Z", "ms": -1563042325903.7717 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:42 on Sun 20 Jun to 05:22 on Mon 21 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z → 1920-06-20T21:21:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 20th, 12:47–13:35 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18238 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 20 June. Pañcamī runs from 07:42 on Sun 20 Jun to 05:22 on Mon 21 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-22T03:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-23T02:55:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-22T03:44:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-23T02:55:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-22T12:46:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T04:46:47Z", "ms": -1562958793134.4885 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T13:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T05:34:47Z", "ms": -1562955913134.4885 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-23T12:47:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-23T04:47:00Z", "ms": -1562872380425.5674 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-23T13:35:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-23T05:35:00Z", "ms": -1562869500425.5674 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 03:44 on Tue 22 Jun to 02:55 on Wed 23 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z → 1920-06-22T18:55:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 22nd, 12:47–13:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vivasvat Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 22 June. Saptamī runs from 03:44 on Tue 22 Jun to 02:55 on Wed 23 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T05:05:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T07:01:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T05:05:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T07:01:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T06:21:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T22:21:07Z", "ms": -1562636333038.7 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-26T06:21:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T22:21:07Z", "ms": -1562636333038.7 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-27T06:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T22:21:24Z", "ms": -1562549916027.1328 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T06:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T22:21:24Z", "ms": -1562549916027.1328 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:06 on Sat 26 Jun to 07:01 on Sun 27 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z → 1920-06-26T23:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 26th and 06:21 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 27 June. Ekādaśī runs from 05:06 on Sat 26 Jun to 07:01 on Sun 27 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29836, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T09:17:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T11:45:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T09:17:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T11:45:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T20:02:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T12:02:21Z", "ms": -1562414258892.527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-28T21:24:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T13:24:58Z", "ms": -1562409301666.5674 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-29T20:02:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T12:02:26Z", "ms": -1562327853655.7915 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T21:25:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T13:25:05Z", "ms": -1562322894558.925 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 11:45 on Tue 29 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z → 1920-06-29T03:45:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:02–21:25 on the 28th, 20:02–21:25 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 83 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29836 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 28 June. Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 11:45 on Tue 29 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T17:18:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T09:18:28Z", "ms": -1562251291734.869 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T20:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T12:02:30Z", "ms": -1562241449561.2627 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T17:18:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T09:18:35Z", "ms": -1562164885388.9822 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T20:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T12:02:33Z", "ms": -1562155046621.784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:18–20:03 on the 30th, 17:19–20:03 on the 1st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 164 of 164 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 164 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2295 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kokilā Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12133, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T20:02:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T12:02:30Z", "ms": -1562241449561.2627 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T21:25:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T13:25:12Z", "ms": -1562236488347.4644 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T20:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T12:02:33Z", "ms": -1562155046621.784 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T21:25:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T13:25:17Z", "ms": -1562150083046.624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:03–21:25 on the 30th, 20:03–21:25 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 83 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12133 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śiva Śayanotsava 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:22:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T22:22:20Z", "ms": -1562290660429.294 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T01:06:22Z", "ms": -1562280818255.6877 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T06:22:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T22:22:40Z", "ms": -1562204240457.7751 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T09:06:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T01:06:38Z", "ms": -1562194401690.577 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:22–09:06 on the 30th, 06:23–09:07 on the 1st.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 164 minutes on the 30th and 164 of 164 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vyāsa Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T14:14:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:40:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T12:48:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T04:48:25Z", "ms": -1562267494995.2783 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T13:36:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T05:36:25Z", "ms": -1562264614995.2783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T12:48:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T04:48:36Z", "ms": -1562181083539.7795 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T13:36:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T05:36:36Z", "ms": -1562178203539.7795 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 30th, 12:49–13:37 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Guru Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Thursday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 16:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T18:56:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:58:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T18:56:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:58:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T20:38:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T12:38:40Z", "ms": -1562066480443.9976 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-02T20:38:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T12:38:40Z", "ms": -1562066480443.9976 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-03T21:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T13:18:50Z", "ms": -1561977670033.3394 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T21:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T13:18:50Z", "ms": -1561977670033.3394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:58 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z → 1920-07-03T12:58:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 2nd and 21:19 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Kunming, 1920: Friday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1920 falls on Friday 2 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 20:58 on Sat 3 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T22:42:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-06T00:06:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T22:42:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-06T00:06:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:57:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T13:57:00Z", "ms": -1561888980068.2742 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:57:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T13:57:00Z", "ms": -1561888980068.2742 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-05T22:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T14:33:48Z", "ms": -1561800371979.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T22:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T14:33:48Z", "ms": -1561800371979.7769 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 00:06 on Tue 6 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z → 1920-07-05T16:06:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:57 on the 4th and 22:34 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 5 July. Caturthī runs from 22:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 00:06 on Tue 6 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T21:09:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T18:31:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T21:09:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T18:31:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-12T06:26:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T22:26:58Z", "ms": -1561253581599.983 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T06:26:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T22:26:58Z", "ms": -1561253581599.983 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T06:27:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T22:27:25Z", "ms": -1561167155196.4055 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-13T06:27:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T22:27:25Z", "ms": -1561167155196.4055 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 18:32 on Mon 12 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z → 1920-07-12T10:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 12th and 06:27 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 12 July. Ekādaśī runs from 21:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 18:32 on Mon 12 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16682, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T15:23:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T11:53:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T15:23:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T11:53:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T20:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T12:01:35Z", "ms": -1561118304843.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-13T21:25:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T13:25:05Z", "ms": -1561113294656.2947 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T20:01:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T12:01:22Z", "ms": -1561031917688.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T21:24:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T13:24:58Z", "ms": -1561026902178.8228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 11:53 on Wed 14 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z → 1920-07-14T03:53:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:02–21:25 on the 13th, 20:01–21:25 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 84 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16682 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 July. Trayodaśī runs from 15:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 11:53 on Wed 14 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T11:53:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T08:10:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T11:53:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T08:10:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T00:50:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T16:50:43Z", "ms": -1561100956642.087 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T01:38:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T17:38:43Z", "ms": -1561098076642.087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-15T00:50:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T16:50:50Z", "ms": -1561014549527.4734 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T01:38:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T17:38:50Z", "ms": -1561011669527.4734 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 08:10 on Thu 15 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z → 1920-07-15T00:10:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:51–01:39 on the 13th, 00:51–01:39 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 July. Caturdaśī runs from 11:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 08:10 on Thu 15 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T18:38:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T16:28:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T18:38:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T16:28:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T12:51:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T04:51:00Z", "ms": -1560712140116.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-18T13:39:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T05:39:00Z", "ms": -1560709260116.0215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-19T12:51:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T04:51:04Z", "ms": -1560625735686.7239 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T13:39:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T05:39:04Z", "ms": -1560622855686.7239 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 16:29 on Mon 19 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z → 1920-07-19T08:28:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 18th, 12:51–13:39 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 19 July. Caturthī runs from 18:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 16:29 on Mon 19 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T19:57:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T22:26:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T19:57:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T22:26:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-26T06:33:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T22:33:29Z", "ms": -1560043591281.1233 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T06:33:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T22:33:29Z", "ms": -1560043591281.1233 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T06:33:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T22:33:57Z", "ms": -1559957162635.7776 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-27T06:33:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T22:33:57Z", "ms": -1559957162635.7776 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 22:26 on Mon 26 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z → 1920-07-26T14:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 26th and 06:34 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 26 July. Ekādaśī runs from 19:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 22:26 on Mon 26 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-28T00:56:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-29T03:19:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-28T00:56:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-29T03:19:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T19:56:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T11:56:41Z", "ms": -1559908999249.065 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-27T21:21:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T13:21:43Z", "ms": -1559903897216.093 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-28T19:56:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T11:56:10Z", "ms": -1559822629555.1934 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T21:21:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T13:21:20Z", "ms": -1559817519667.1335 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:57 on Wed 28 Jul to 03:20 on Thu 29 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z → 1920-07-28T19:19:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:57–21:22 on the 27th, 19:56–21:21 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 27th and 85 of 85 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 July. Trayodaśī runs from 00:57 on Wed 28 Jul to 03:20 on Thu 29 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40022, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T10:41:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T11:03:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T10:41:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T11:03:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T21:48:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T13:48:46Z", "ms": -1559297474368.4214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-03T21:48:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T13:48:46Z", "ms": -1559297474368.4214 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-04T22:26:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T14:26:14Z", "ms": -1559208825609.5671 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T22:26:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T14:26:14Z", "ms": -1559208825609.5671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 11:04 on Wed 4 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z → 1920-08-04T03:03:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:49 on the 3rd and 22:26 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40022 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 10:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 11:04 on Wed 4 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-10T03:34:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T00:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-10T03:34:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T00:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-10T06:40:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T22:40:32Z", "ms": -1558747168454.9675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T06:40:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T22:40:32Z", "ms": -1558747168454.9675 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T06:40:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T22:40:59Z", "ms": -1558660741186.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T06:40:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T22:40:59Z", "ms": -1558660741186.011 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:34 on Tue 10 Aug to 00:42 on Wed 11 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z → 1920-08-10T16:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:41 on the 10th and 06:41 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 10 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:34 on Tue 10 Aug to 00:42 on Wed 11 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T21:33:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T18:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T21:33:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T18:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T19:47:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T11:47:10Z", "ms": -1558613570098.4443 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T21:14:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:14:24Z", "ms": -1558608335963.222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T19:46:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T11:46:24Z", "ms": -1558527216276.2708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T21:13:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T13:13:48Z", "ms": -1558521972394.15 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 18:14 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z → 1920-08-12T10:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:47–21:14 on the 11th, 19:46–21:14 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 87 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 11 August. Trayodaśī runs from 21:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 18:14 on Thu 12 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23778, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T18:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T14:53:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T18:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T14:53:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-13T00:50:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T16:50:08Z", "ms": -1558508991718.3174 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T01:38:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T17:38:08Z", "ms": -1558506111718.3174 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-14T00:49:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T16:49:58Z", "ms": -1558422601895.796 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-14T01:37:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T17:37:58Z", "ms": -1558419721895.796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 14:54 on Fri 13 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z → 1920-08-13T06:53:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:50–01:38 on the 12th, 00:50–01:38 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23778 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 12 August. Caturdaśī runs from 18:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 14:54 on Fri 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22645, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T06:31:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T04:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T06:31:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T04:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T12:49:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T04:49:11Z", "ms": -1558206648754.1052 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T13:37:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T05:37:11Z", "ms": -1558203768754.1052 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:48:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T04:48:59Z", "ms": -1558120260983.038 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T13:36:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T05:36:59Z", "ms": -1558117380983.038 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:32 on Mon 16 Aug to 04:50 on Tue 17 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z → 1920-08-16T20:49:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 16th, 12:49–13:37 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22645 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1920: Monday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1920 falls on Monday 16 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:32 on Mon 16 Aug to 04:50 on Tue 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T04:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T03:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T04:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T03:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:48:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T04:48:59Z", "ms": -1558120260983.038 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T13:36:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T05:36:59Z", "ms": -1558117380983.038 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T12:48:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T04:48:46Z", "ms": -1558033873734.0652 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T13:36:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T05:36:46Z", "ms": -1558030993734.0652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:50 on Tue 17 Aug to 03:53 on Wed 18 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z → 1920-08-17T19:53:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 17th, 12:49–13:37 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 August. Caturthī runs from 04:50 on Tue 17 Aug to 03:53 on Wed 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32144, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T03:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-19T03:46:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T03:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-19T03:46:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T12:48:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T04:48:46Z", "ms": -1558033873734.0652 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T13:36:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T05:36:46Z", "ms": -1558030993734.0652 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-19T12:48:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-19T04:48:33Z", "ms": -1557947486998.6309 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-19T13:36:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-19T05:36:33Z", "ms": -1557944606998.6309 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:53 on Wed 18 Aug to 03:46 on Thu 19 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z → 1920-08-18T19:46:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 18th, 12:49–13:37 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32144 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 18 August. Pañcamī runs from 03:53 on Wed 18 Aug to 03:46 on Thu 19 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T12:46:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T15:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T12:46:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T15:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T06:46:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-23T22:46:35Z", "ms": -1557537204804.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-24T06:46:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-23T22:46:35Z", "ms": -1557537204804.2056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T06:47:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T22:47:00Z", "ms": -1557450780441.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T06:47:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T22:47:00Z", "ms": -1557450780441.7703 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 15:10 on Wed 25 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z → 1920-08-25T07:10:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:47 on the 24th and 06:47 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Ekādaśī runs from 12:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 15:10 on Wed 25 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5697, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T15:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T17:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T15:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T17:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T12:47:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T04:47:03Z", "ms": -1557429176735.978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T13:35:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T05:35:03Z", "ms": -1557426296735.978 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:46:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T04:46:47Z", "ms": -1557342793256.9033 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T13:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T05:34:47Z", "ms": -1557339913256.9033 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 17:16 on Thu 26 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z → 1920-08-26T09:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 25th, 12:47–13:35 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5697 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 26 August. Dvādaśī runs from 15:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 17:16 on Thu 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T17:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T18:58:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T17:16:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T18:58:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T19:34:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T11:34:10Z", "ms": -1557318350229.9766 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T21:03:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T13:03:59Z", "ms": -1557312961175.717 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-27T19:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T11:33:12Z", "ms": -1557232008043.6804 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T21:03:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T13:03:12Z", "ms": -1557226608111.3066 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 18:59 on Fri 27 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z → 1920-08-27T10:58:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:34–21:04 on the 26th, 19:33–21:03 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 90 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 26 August. Trayodaśī runs from 17:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 18:59 on Fri 27 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T20:14:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T21:02:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T08:41:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T00:41:46Z", "ms": -1557098293552.6904 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T21:02:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T06:48:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T22:48:11Z", "ms": -1557191508550.8774 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T06:48:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T22:48:35Z", "ms": -1557105084957.7578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T06:48:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T22:48:35Z", "ms": -1557105084957.7578 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T06:48:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T22:48:58Z", "ms": -1557018661532.9988 } }, "covered_min": 741, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 21:02 on Sun 29 Aug. Its second half begins at 08:42 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z · second half from 1920-08-29T00:41:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:48 on the 28th, and from 06:49 on the 29th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 0 of 1440 minutes on the 28th and 741 of 1440 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 08:42 on Sun 29 Aug to 21:02 on Sun 29 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24009, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T20:14:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T21:02:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T20:14:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T21:02:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:46:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T04:46:13Z", "ms": -1557170027497.9165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-28T13:34:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T05:34:13Z", "ms": -1557167147497.9165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T12:45:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T04:45:55Z", "ms": -1557083645182.39 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T13:33:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T05:33:55Z", "ms": -1557080765182.39 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 21:02 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 28th, 12:46–13:34 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24009 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 21:02 on Sun 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3286, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T21:24:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T21:22:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T21:24:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T21:22:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T19:49:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T11:49:25Z", "ms": -1556971834868.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T19:49:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T11:49:25Z", "ms": -1556971834868.4285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T20:27:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T12:27:15Z", "ms": -1556883165248.9163 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T20:27:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T12:27:15Z", "ms": -1556883165248.9163 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 21:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 21:22 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z → 1920-08-31T13:22:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:49 on the 30th and 20:27 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3286 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 31 August. Dvitīyā runs from 21:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 21:22 on Tue 31 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T21:22:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T21:22:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T12:45:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T04:45:18Z", "ms": -1556910881584.7437 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T13:33:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T05:33:18Z", "ms": -1556908001584.7437 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T04:45:00Z", "ms": -1556824500263.0103 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T13:33:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T05:33:00Z", "ms": -1556821620263.0103 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 21:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep.", "fact": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z → 1920-09-01T12:57:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 31st, 12:45–13:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 21:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T21:06:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T13:06:32Z", "ms": -1556794408394.8735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T21:06:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T13:06:32Z", "ms": -1556794408394.8735 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T21:48:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T13:48:13Z", "ms": -1556705506792.6038 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T21:48:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T13:48:13Z", "ms": -1556705506792.6038 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 20:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 1st and 21:48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 20:13 on Thu 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:57:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T16:56:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T08:56:33Z", "ms": -1556809407336.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T19:28:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T11:28:15Z", "ms": -1556800305384.674 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T16:55:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T08:55:49Z", "ms": -1556723051482.133 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T19:27:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T11:27:14Z", "ms": -1556713966315.3635 } }, "covered_min": 151, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 20:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:57–19:28 on the 1st, 16:56–19:27 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 152 minutes on the 1st and 151 of 151 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bahulā Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 2 September. Caturthī runs from 20:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 20:13 on Thu 2 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T19:08:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T17:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T19:08:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T17:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T12:44:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T04:44:22Z", "ms": -1556651738472.1235 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-03T13:32:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T05:32:22Z", "ms": -1556648858472.1235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T04:44:02Z", "ms": -1556565357962.2207 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T13:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T05:32:02Z", "ms": -1556562477962.2207 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 17:45 on Sat 4 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z → 1920-09-04T09:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 3rd, 12:44–13:32 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Saturday 4 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 17:45 on Sat 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T16:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T14:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T16:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T14:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-06T00:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T16:43:54Z", "ms": -1556435766385.558 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T01:31:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T17:31:54Z", "ms": -1556432886385.558 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-07T00:43:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T16:43:34Z", "ms": -1556349386352.1118 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-07T01:31:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T17:31:34Z", "ms": -1556346506352.1118 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 14:02 on Mon 6 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z → 1920-09-06T06:02:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:44–01:32 on the 5th, 00:44–01:32 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Janmāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 14:02 on Mon 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9057, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T17:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T16:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T17:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T16:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T04:44:02Z", "ms": -1556565357962.2207 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T13:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T05:32:02Z", "ms": -1556562477962.2207 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T12:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T04:43:42Z", "ms": -1556478977682.6982 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T13:31:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T05:31:42Z", "ms": -1556476097682.6982 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 16:03 on Sun 5 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z → 1920-09-05T08:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 4th, 12:44–13:32 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9057 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalā Saptamī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 September. Saptamī runs from 17:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 16:03 on Sun 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 935, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T09:15:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:37:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T09:15:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:37:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T06:52:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-07T22:52:24Z", "ms": -1556240856249.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-08T06:52:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-07T22:52:24Z", "ms": -1556240856249.2415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:52:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:52:46Z", "ms": -1556154433835.9895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:52:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:52:46Z", "ms": -1556154433835.9895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 06:37 on Thu 9 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z → 1920-09-08T22:37:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 8th and 06:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 935 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ajā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 September. Ekādaśī runs from 09:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 06:37 on Thu 9 Sep, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T03:55:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T03:55:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T19:19:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T11:19:57Z", "ms": -1556109603154.2268 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T20:52:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T12:52:22Z", "ms": -1556104057595.7222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T19:18:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T11:18:53Z", "ms": -1556023266724.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:51:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T12:51:30Z", "ms": -1556017709712.3723 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:56 on Fri 10 Sep to 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z → 1920-09-10T17:19:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:52 on the 9th, 19:19–20:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 9th and 93 of 93 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Trayodaśī runs from 03:56 on Fri 10 Sep to 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 666, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T22:54:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T22:54:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T00:42:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T16:42:12Z", "ms": -1556003867927.6973 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:30:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:30:12Z", "ms": -1556000987927.6973 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T00:41:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T16:41:51Z", "ms": -1555917488669.543 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T01:29:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T17:29:51Z", "ms": -1555914608669.543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep to 22:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:42–01:30 on the 10th, 00:42–01:30 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 11 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 666 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep to 22:55 on Sat 11 Sep and covers 11 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7449, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T22:54:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T01:19:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T22:54:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T19:18:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T11:18:53Z", "ms": -1556023266724.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:51:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T12:51:30Z", "ms": -1556017709712.3723 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T19:17:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T11:17:49Z", "ms": -1555936930516.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T20:50:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T12:50:38Z", "ms": -1555931362024.0745 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep to 22:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:52 on the 10th, 19:18–20:51 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 10th and 93 of 93 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7449 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aghora Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 11 September. Caturdaśī runs from 01:19 on Sat 11 Sep to 22:55 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20888, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T20:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T19:17:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T20:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T19:17:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:41:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T04:41:19Z", "ms": -1555874320664.5964 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T13:29:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T05:29:19Z", "ms": -1555871440664.5964 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-13T12:40:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T04:40:58Z", "ms": -1555787941603.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T13:28:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T05:28:58Z", "ms": -1555785061603.9814 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 19:17 on Mon 13 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z → 1920-09-13T11:17:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 12th, 12:41–13:29 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20888 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rudra Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 13 September. Pratipadā runs from 20:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 19:17 on Mon 13 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16477, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T18:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T18:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T18:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T18:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T12:40:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T04:40:37Z", "ms": -1555701562626.6257 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-14T13:28:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T05:28:37Z", "ms": -1555698682626.6257 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:40:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T04:40:16Z", "ms": -1555615183716.8696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:28:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T05:28:16Z", "ms": -1555612303716.8696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 18:03 on Wed 15 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z → 1920-09-15T10:02:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 14th, 12:40–13:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16477 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 18:03 on Wed 15 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16477, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T18:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T18:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T18:02:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T18:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:40:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T04:40:16Z", "ms": -1555615183716.8696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:28:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T05:28:16Z", "ms": -1555612303716.8696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:39:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T04:39:55Z", "ms": -1555528804858.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:27:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T05:27:55Z", "ms": -1555525924858.2974 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 18:31 on Thu 16 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z → 1920-09-16T10:30:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 15th, 12:40–13:28 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16477 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 September. Caturthī runs from 18:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 18:31 on Thu 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18167, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T18:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T19:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T18:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T19:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:39:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T04:39:55Z", "ms": -1555528804858.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:27:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T05:27:55Z", "ms": -1555525924858.2974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:39:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T04:39:34Z", "ms": -1555442426033.6877 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T13:27:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T05:27:34Z", "ms": -1555439546033.6877 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 19:41 on Fri 17 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z → 1920-09-17T11:41:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 16th, 12:40–13:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 18167 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1920 falls on Friday 17 September. Pañcamī runs from 18:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 19:41 on Fri 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T19:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T21:28:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T19:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T21:28:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:39:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T04:39:34Z", "ms": -1555442426033.6877 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T13:27:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T05:27:34Z", "ms": -1555439546033.6877 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:39:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T04:39:13Z", "ms": -1555356047225.032 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:27:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T05:27:13Z", "ms": -1555353167225.032 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 21:28 on Sat 18 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z → 1920-09-18T13:28:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 17th, 12:39–13:27 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Kunming, 1920: Saturday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1920 falls on Saturday 18 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 21:28 on Sat 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28868, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T21:28:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T23:42:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T21:28:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T23:42:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:39:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T04:39:13Z", "ms": -1555356047225.032 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:27:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T05:27:13Z", "ms": -1555353167225.032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:38:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T04:38:52Z", "ms": -1555269668413.5984 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T13:26:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T05:26:52Z", "ms": -1555266788413.5984 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 23:42 on Sun 19 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z → 1920-09-19T15:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 18th, 12:39–13:27 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28868 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 19 September. Saptamī runs from 21:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 23:42 on Sun 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T23:42:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-21T02:09:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T23:42:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-21T02:09:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:38:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T04:38:52Z", "ms": -1555269668413.5984 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T13:26:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T05:26:52Z", "ms": -1555266788413.5984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-20T12:38:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T04:38:30Z", "ms": -1555183289580.003 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T13:26:30+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T05:26:30Z", "ms": -1555180409580.003 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 02:09 on Tue 21 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z → 1920-09-20T18:09:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 19th, 12:39–13:27 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rādhāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Monday 20 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 02:09 on Tue 21 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 763, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T08:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T08:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:57:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:57:59Z", "ms": -1554944520605.101 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:57:59+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:57:59Z", "ms": -1554944520605.101 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T06:58:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T22:58:22Z", "ms": -1554858097834.415 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T06:58:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T22:58:22Z", "ms": -1554858097834.415 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:45 on Thu 23 Sep to 08:30 on Fri 24 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z → 1920-09-24T00:30:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 23rd and 06:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 763 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 24 September. Ekādaśī runs from 06:45 on Thu 23 Sep to 08:30 on Fri 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T08:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T09:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T08:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T09:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T12:37:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T04:37:06Z", "ms": -1554837773616.4614 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T13:25:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T05:25:06Z", "ms": -1554834893616.4614 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T12:36:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T04:36:46Z", "ms": -1554751394361.6392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T13:24:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T05:24:46Z", "ms": -1554748514361.6392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 09:43 on Sat 25 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z → 1920-09-25T01:43:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 24th, 12:37–13:25 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vāmana Jayantī 1920 falls on Friday 24 September. Dvādaśī runs from 08:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 09:43 on Sat 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T09:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T10:21:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T09:43:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T10:21:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T19:02:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T11:02:46Z", "ms": -1554728233787.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T20:38:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T12:38:17Z", "ms": -1554722502867.9778 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T19:01:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T11:01:42Z", "ms": -1554641898019.8997 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T20:37:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T12:37:25Z", "ms": -1554636155442.3462 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 10:21 on Sun 26 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z → 1920-09-26T02:21:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:38 on the 25th, 19:02–20:37 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 96 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31233 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 09:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 10:21 on Sun 26 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T10:21:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T10:24:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T10:21:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T10:24:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T06:59:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T22:59:08Z", "ms": -1554685251893.2756 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T09:23:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T01:23:39Z", "ms": -1554676581118.6003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-27T06:59:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T22:59:31Z", "ms": -1554598828688.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T09:23:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T01:23:45Z", "ms": -1554590175364.1184 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 10:25 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z → 1920-09-27T02:24:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:59–09:24 on the 26th, 07:00–09:24 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 145 minutes on the 26th and 144 of 144 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ananta Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Monday 27 September. Caturdaśī runs from 10:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 10:25 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T06:06:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-02T04:16:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T06:06:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-02T04:16:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-30T20:30:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T12:30:48Z", "ms": -1554290952226.3281 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-30T20:30:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T12:30:48Z", "ms": -1554290952226.3281 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T21:19:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T13:19:35Z", "ms": -1554201624887.7988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T21:19:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T13:19:35Z", "ms": -1554201624887.7988 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:06 on Fri 1 Oct to 04:16 on Sat 2 Oct.", "fact": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z → 1920-10-01T20:16:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:31 on the 30th and 21:20 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 1 October. Caturthī runs from 06:06 on Fri 1 Oct to 04:16 on Sat 2 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3617, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-03T02:16:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T00:09:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-03T02:16:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T00:09:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T22:12:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T14:12:33Z", "ms": -1554112046927.6804 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-02T22:12:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T14:12:33Z", "ms": -1554112046927.6804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-03T23:09:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T15:09:24Z", "ms": -1554022235820.7957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T23:09:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T15:09:24Z", "ms": -1554022235820.7957 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:16 on Sun 3 Oct to 00:10 on Mon 4 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z → 1920-10-03T16:09:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:13 on the 2nd and 23:09 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3617 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Sunday 3 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:16 on Sun 3 Oct to 00:10 on Mon 4 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7799, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T21:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T21:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-05T00:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T16:09:13Z", "ms": -1553932247452.4272 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T00:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T16:09:13Z", "ms": -1553932247452.4272 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-06T01:10:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T17:10:38Z", "ms": -1553842161626.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-06T01:10:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T17:10:38Z", "ms": -1553842161626.1152 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 19:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:09 on the 4th and 01:11 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7799 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Kunming, 1920: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1920 falls on Monday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 19:48 on Tue 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2530, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T21:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T21:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T18:53:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T10:53:17Z", "ms": -1553951202705.388 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T20:30:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T12:30:33Z", "ms": -1553945367008.7227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-05T18:52:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T10:52:16Z", "ms": -1553864864195.418 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T20:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T12:29:43Z", "ms": -1553859016902.2556 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 19:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:31 on the 4th, 18:52–20:30 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 4th and 55 of 97 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2530 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1920 falls on Tuesday 5 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 19:48 on Tue 5 Oct and covers 55 of 97 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T15:32:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T13:35:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T15:32:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T13:35:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T07:03:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-06T23:03:36Z", "ms": -1553734583682.6963 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-07T07:03:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-06T23:03:36Z", "ms": -1553734583682.6963 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-08T07:04:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T23:04:02Z", "ms": -1553648157527.8423 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T07:04:02+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T23:04:02Z", "ms": -1553648157527.8423 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 13:36 on Fri 8 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z → 1920-10-08T05:35:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:04 on the 7th and 07:04 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Indirā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 8 October. Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 13:36 on Fri 8 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24946, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T11:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T10:27:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T11:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T10:27:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T18:48:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T10:48:15Z", "ms": -1553519505385.1196 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-09T20:26:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T12:26:28Z", "ms": -1553513611888.3862 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T18:47:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T10:47:16Z", "ms": -1553433164363.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T20:25:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T12:25:41Z", "ms": -1553427259372.3938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 10:27 on Sun 10 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z → 1920-10-10T02:27:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:48–20:26 on the 9th, 18:47–20:26 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 98 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24946 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 9 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 10:27 on Sun 10 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T10:27:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T09:24:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T10:27:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T09:24:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T00:32:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T16:32:35Z", "ms": -1553498844772.3696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T01:20:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T17:20:35Z", "ms": -1553495964772.3696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T00:32:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T16:32:19Z", "ms": -1553412460647.1194 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T01:20:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T17:20:19Z", "ms": -1553409580647.1194 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 09:25 on Mon 11 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z → 1920-10-11T01:24:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:33–01:21 on the 9th, 00:32–01:20 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 10 October. Caturdaśī runs from 10:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 09:25 on Mon 11 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16878, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T09:24:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T08:50:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T09:24:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T08:50:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T14:05:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T06:05:56Z", "ms": -1553363644431.915 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T16:26:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T08:26:06Z", "ms": -1553355233598.9414 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T14:05:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T06:05:32Z", "ms": -1553277268073.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T16:25:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T08:25:26Z", "ms": -1553268874321.5352 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 09:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 08:50 on Tue 12 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z → 1920-10-12T00:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:06–16:26 on the 11th, 14:06–16:25 on the 12th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 140 of 140 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 140 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16878 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Kunming, 1920: Monday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1920 falls on Monday 11 October. Amāvasyā runs from 09:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 08:50 on Tue 12 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13278, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T08:50:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T08:48:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T08:50:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T08:48:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T12:31:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T04:31:35Z", "ms": -1553282904949.6953 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T13:19:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T05:19:35Z", "ms": -1553280024949.6953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-13T12:31:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T04:31:20Z", "ms": -1553196519550.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T13:19:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T05:19:20Z", "ms": -1553193639550.6323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 08:48 on Wed 13 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z → 1920-10-13T00:48:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 12th, 12:31–13:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13278 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1920 falls on Tuesday 12 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 08:48 on Wed 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T10:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T12:11:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T10:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T12:11:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T12:30:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T04:30:53Z", "ms": -1553023747192.31 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-15T13:18:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T05:18:53Z", "ms": -1553020867192.31 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-16T12:30:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:30:40Z", "ms": -1552937360203.085 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T13:18:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T05:18:40Z", "ms": -1552934480203.085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 12:12 on Sat 16 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z → 1920-10-16T04:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 15th, 12:31–13:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 15 October. Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 12:12 on Sat 16 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T16:45:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T19:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T16:45:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T19:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T07:08:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-17T23:08:44Z", "ms": -1552783875582.8 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-18T07:54:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-17T23:54:49Z", "ms": -1552781111442.1548 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T07:09:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T23:09:15Z", "ms": -1552697445214.9622 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T07:55:13+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T23:55:13Z", "ms": -1552694686627.7488 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 19:16 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z → 1920-10-19T11:16:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:09–07:55 on the 18th, 07:09–07:55 on the 19th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 46 minutes on the 18th and 46 of 46 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 19 October. Saptamī runs from 16:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 19:16 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21479, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T19:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T21:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T19:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T21:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T12:30:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T04:30:04Z", "ms": -1552678195810.8608 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T13:18:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T05:18:04Z", "ms": -1552675315810.8608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:29:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T04:29:54Z", "ms": -1552591806486.3696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:17:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T05:17:54Z", "ms": -1552588926486.3696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 21:37 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z → 1920-10-20T13:36:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 19th, 12:30–13:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21479 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1920 falls on Wednesday 20 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 21:37 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T21:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T23:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T21:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T23:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:29:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T04:29:54Z", "ms": -1552591806486.3696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:17:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T05:17:54Z", "ms": -1552588926486.3696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T12:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T04:29:43Z", "ms": -1552505416538.5762 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T13:17:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T05:17:43Z", "ms": -1552502536538.5762 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 21:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 23:35 on Thu 21 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z → 1920-10-21T15:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 20th, 12:30–13:18 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahānavamī 1920 falls on Thursday 21 October. Navamī runs from 21:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 23:35 on Thu 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17882, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T23:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T01:00:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T23:35:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T01:00:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T12:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T04:29:43Z", "ms": -1552505416538.5762 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T13:17:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T05:17:43Z", "ms": -1552502536538.5762 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T12:29:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T04:29:34Z", "ms": -1552419025951.4543 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T13:17:34+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T05:17:34Z", "ms": -1552416145951.4543 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 23:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 01:01 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z → 1920-10-22T17:00:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 21st, 12:30–13:18 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17882 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1920 falls on Friday 22 October. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 23:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 01:01 on Sat 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-23T01:00:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T01:46:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-23T01:00:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T01:46:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-23T07:11:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T23:11:20Z", "ms": -1552351719510.9475 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T07:11:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T23:11:20Z", "ms": -1552351719510.9475 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T07:11:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T23:11:53Z", "ms": -1552265286999.9707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T07:11:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T23:11:53Z", "ms": -1552265286999.9707 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:01 on Sat 23 Oct to 01:46 on Sun 24 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z → 1920-10-23T17:46:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:11 on the 23rd and 07:12 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 23 October. Ekādaśī runs from 01:01 on Sat 23 Oct to 01:46 on Sun 24 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-25T01:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-26T01:11:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-25T01:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-26T01:11:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T18:34:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T10:34:41Z", "ms": -1552224318588.6301 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T20:15:43+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T12:15:43Z", "ms": -1552218256649.377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-25T18:33:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T10:33:54Z", "ms": -1552137966338.1802 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T20:15:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T12:15:06Z", "ms": -1552131893578.1711 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:50 on Mon 25 Oct to 01:12 on Tue 26 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z → 1920-10-25T17:11:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:35–20:16 on the 24th, 18:34–20:15 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 24th and 101 of 101 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 01:50 on Mon 25 Oct to 01:12 on Tue 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22578, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T14:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T12:01:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T14:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T12:01:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T13:01:35Z", "ms": -1551697104622.9744 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T13:01:35Z", "ms": -1551697104622.9744 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-31T22:02:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T14:02:10Z", "ms": -1551607070215.5085 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T22:02:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T14:02:10Z", "ms": -1551607070215.5085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 12:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:02 on the 30th and 22:02 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22578 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 12:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22578, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T14:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T12:01:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T14:45:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T12:01:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T13:01:35Z", "ms": -1551697104622.9744 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T13:01:35Z", "ms": -1551697104622.9744 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-31T22:02:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T14:02:10Z", "ms": -1551607070215.5085 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T22:02:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T14:02:10Z", "ms": -1551607070215.5085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 12:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:02 on the 30th and 22:02 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22578 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 12:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-03T04:36:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-04T02:38:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-03T04:36:06+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-04T02:38:22+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-03T00:06:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T16:06:42Z", "ms": -1551426797540.0103 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T00:06:42+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T16:06:42Z", "ms": -1551426797540.0103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-04T01:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T17:07:56Z", "ms": -1551336723598.6216 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-04T01:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T17:07:56Z", "ms": -1551336723598.6216 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:36 on Wed 3 Nov to 02:38 on Thu 4 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z → 1920-11-03T18:38:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:07 on the 2nd and 01:08 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 3 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:36 on Wed 3 Nov to 02:38 on Thu 4 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27086, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T23:48:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T22:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T23:48:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T22:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T07:19:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T23:19:38Z", "ms": -1551141622362.211 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T07:19:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T23:19:38Z", "ms": -1551141622362.211 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T07:20:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T23:20:17Z", "ms": -1551055183395.755 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T07:20:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T23:20:17Z", "ms": -1551055183395.755 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 22:59 on Sat 6 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z → 1920-11-06T14:59:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:20 on the 6th and 07:20 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27086 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ramā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 6 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 22:59 on Sat 6 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8829, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T22:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T22:59:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T18:25:44+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T10:25:44Z", "ms": -1551101656284.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T20:09:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T12:09:00Z", "ms": -1551095459899.2307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:25:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T10:25:11Z", "ms": -1551015289398.9346 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T20:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T12:08:37Z", "ms": -1551009083346.6965 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z → 1920-11-07T14:35:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:09 on the 6th, 18:25–20:09 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 6th and 103 of 103 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1920 falls on Sunday 7 November. Dvādaśī runs from 22:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8829, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:25:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T10:25:11Z", "ms": -1551015289398.9346 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T20:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T12:08:37Z", "ms": -1551009083346.6965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:24:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T10:24:39Z", "ms": -1550928921225.6355 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T20:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T12:08:14Z", "ms": -1550922705623.8035 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–20:09 on the 7th, 18:25–20:08 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 7th and 104 of 104 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Kunming, 1920: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dīpadāna 1920 falls on Monday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8829, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T22:35:46+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:25:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T10:25:11Z", "ms": -1551015289398.9346 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T20:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T12:08:37Z", "ms": -1551009083346.6965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:24:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T10:24:39Z", "ms": -1550928921225.6355 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T20:08:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T12:08:14Z", "ms": -1550922705623.8035 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–20:09 on the 7th, 18:25–20:08 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 7th and 104 of 104 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T00:29:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T16:29:07Z", "ms": -1550907052718.7654 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T01:17:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T17:17:07Z", "ms": -1550904172718.7654 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:29:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T16:29:12Z", "ms": -1550820647887.358 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T01:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T17:17:12Z", "ms": -1550817767887.358 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:29–01:17 on the 8th, 00:29–01:17 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 8 November. Caturdaśī runs from 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T22:38:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T05:38:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T21:38:00Z", "ms": -1550888519813.7273 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T07:21:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T23:21:36Z", "ms": -1550882304211.8953 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T05:38:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T21:38:31Z", "ms": -1550802089056.4543 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T07:22:16+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T23:22:16Z", "ms": -1550795864027.0347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:38–07:22 on the 9th, 05:39–07:22 on the 10th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 104 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 22:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:29:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T16:29:12Z", "ms": -1550820647887.358 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T01:17:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T17:17:12Z", "ms": -1550817767887.358 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:29:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:29:18Z", "ms": -1550734242210.064 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T01:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T17:17:18Z", "ms": -1550731362210.064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:29–01:17 on the 9th, 00:29–01:17 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kālī Pūjā 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Amāvasyā runs from 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10814, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:08:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:24:08+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T10:24:08Z", "ms": -1550842551747.6814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T20:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T12:07:53Z", "ms": -1550836326718.2617 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:23:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T10:23:39Z", "ms": -1550756180949.1526 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1550749946618.729 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–20:08 on the 9th, 18:24–20:08 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 9th and 104 of 104 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10814 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1920 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Amāvasyā runs from 23:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T12:28:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T04:28:58Z", "ms": -1550777462488.0938 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T13:16:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T05:16:58Z", "ms": -1550774582488.0938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T12:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T04:29:04Z", "ms": -1550691056142.908 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T13:17:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T05:17:04Z", "ms": -1550688176142.908 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 10th, 12:29–13:17 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govardhana Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14235, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:23:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T10:23:39Z", "ms": -1550756180949.1526 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T20:07:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T12:07:33Z", "ms": -1550749946618.729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T18:23:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T10:23:11Z", "ms": -1550669808814.8406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:07:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T12:07:15Z", "ms": -1550663565314.6377 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–20:08 on the 10th, 18:23–20:07 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 10th and 104 of 104 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14235 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bali Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T07:22:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T23:22:57Z", "ms": -1550709423470.9753 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T11:03:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T03:03:01Z", "ms": -1550696218585.5972 } }, "covered_min": 220, "window_min": 220, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T07:23:37+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T23:23:37Z", "ms": -1550622982563.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T11:03:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T03:03:20Z", "ms": -1550609800152.2476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 220, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:23–11:03 on the 11th, 07:24–11:03 on the 12th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 220 of 220 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 220 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dyūta Pratipad 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 00:05 on Thu 11 Nov to 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-13T03:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T01:28:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-13T03:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T12:29:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T04:29:11Z", "ms": -1550604648946.7114 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T13:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T05:17:11Z", "ms": -1550601768946.7114 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T12:29:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T04:29:19Z", "ms": -1550518240902.7383 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-13T13:17:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T05:17:19Z", "ms": -1550515360902.7383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov to 03:17 on Sat 13 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z → 1920-11-12T19:16:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 12th, 12:29–13:17 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Kunming, 1920: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1920 falls on Friday 12 November. Dvitīyā runs from 01:28 on Fri 12 Nov to 03:17 on Sat 13 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T05:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T07:54:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T05:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T07:54:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:29:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T04:29:28Z", "ms": -1550431832014.8936 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T13:17:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T05:17:28Z", "ms": -1550428952014.8936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-15T12:29:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T04:29:38Z", "ms": -1550345422287.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T13:17:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T05:17:38Z", "ms": -1550342542287.7075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 07:54 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 14th, 12:30–13:18 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 07:54 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T05:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T07:54:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T05:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T07:54:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:29:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T04:29:28Z", "ms": -1550431832014.8936 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T13:17:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T05:17:28Z", "ms": -1550428952014.8936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-15T12:29:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T04:29:38Z", "ms": -1550345422287.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T13:17:38+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T05:17:38Z", "ms": -1550342542287.7075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 07:54 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 14th, 12:30–13:18 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 07:54 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T10:28:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T12:59:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T10:28:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T12:59:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T12:29:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T04:29:48Z", "ms": -1550259011726.3237 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-16T13:17:48+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T05:17:48Z", "ms": -1550256131726.3237 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-17T12:30:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:30:00Z", "ms": -1550172600336.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T13:18:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T05:18:00Z", "ms": -1550169720336.4995 } }, "covered_min": 29, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 12:59 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z → 1920-11-17T04:59:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 16th, 12:30–13:18 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 29 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 12:59 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 29 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T15:14:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T15:14:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T12:30:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T04:30:12Z", "ms": -1550086188124.6104 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-18T13:18:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T05:18:12Z", "ms": -1550083308124.6104 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T04:30:25Z", "ms": -1549999775097.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T13:18:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T05:18:25Z", "ms": -1549996895097.6323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z → 1920-11-19T09:02:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 18th, 12:30–13:18 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gopāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Friday 19 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T18:11:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T18:11:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T07:28:32+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T23:28:32Z", "ms": -1550017888203.8286 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T11:05:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T03:05:47Z", "ms": -1550004852799.6978 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 217, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T07:29:15+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T23:29:15Z", "ms": -1549931445294.2642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T11:06:11+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T03:06:11Z", "ms": -1549918429273.484 } }, "covered_min": 217, "window_min": 217, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 18:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:29–11:06 on the 19th, 07:29–11:06 on the 20th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 217 minutes on the 19th and 217 of 217 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1920 falls on Saturday 20 November. Navamī runs from 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 18:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13419, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T18:11:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T17:02:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T18:11:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:30:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T04:30:25Z", "ms": -1549999775097.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T13:18:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T05:18:25Z", "ms": -1549996895097.6323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T12:30:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T04:30:39Z", "ms": -1549913361263.0938 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T13:18:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T05:18:39Z", "ms": -1549910481263.0938 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 18:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 19th, 12:31–13:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13419 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Navamī 1920 falls on Saturday 20 November. Navamī runs from 17:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 18:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T18:36:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T18:13:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T18:36:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T18:13:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T07:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T23:29:58Z", "ms": -1549845002246.3428 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-21T07:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T23:29:58Z", "ms": -1549845002246.3428 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-22T07:30:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T23:30:41Z", "ms": -1549758559086.5605 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T07:30:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T23:30:41Z", "ms": -1549758559086.5605 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 18:13 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z → 1920-11-22T10:13:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:30 on the 21st and 07:31 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 18:13 on Mon 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4580, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T17:03:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T15:09:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T17:03:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T15:09:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T18:19:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T10:19:26Z", "ms": -1549633234149.8635 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-23T20:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T12:05:07Z", "ms": -1549626892601.5645 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-24T18:19:17+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T10:19:17Z", "ms": -1549546843489.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T20:05:05+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T12:05:05Z", "ms": -1549540494917.9802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 15:10 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z → 1920-11-24T07:09:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–20:05 on the 23rd, 18:19–20:05 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 106 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4580 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 15:10 on Wed 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:39:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T09:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:39:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T09:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:32:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:32:00Z", "ms": -1549481280266.5059 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T13:20:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T05:20:00Z", "ms": -1549478400266.5059 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-26T12:32:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T04:32:18Z", "ms": -1549394861763.1084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T13:20:18+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T05:20:18Z", "ms": -1549391981763.1084 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 09:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 25th, 12:32–13:20 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 40 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 09:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers 40 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:39:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T09:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:39:51+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T09:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T00:32:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T16:32:04Z", "ms": -1549524476345.5396 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T01:20:04+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T17:20:04Z", "ms": -1549521596345.5396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-26T00:32:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T16:32:21Z", "ms": -1549438058595.3113 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T01:20:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T17:20:21Z", "ms": -1549435178595.3113 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 09:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:32–01:20 on the 24th, 00:32–01:20 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāsayātrā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 09:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 5508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T23:36:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T20:24:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T23:36:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T20:24:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T20:51:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T12:51:03Z", "ms": -1549192137471.2292 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-28T20:51:03+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T12:51:03Z", "ms": -1549192137471.2292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-29T21:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T13:55:57Z", "ms": -1549101843084.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T21:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T13:55:57Z", "ms": -1549101843084.2786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 20:24 on Mon 29 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z → 1920-11-29T12:24:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:51 on the 28th and 21:56 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 5508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Sunday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 November. Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 20:24 on Mon 29 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12792, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T11:13:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T11:44:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T11:13:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T11:44:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T07:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-04T23:40:00Z", "ms": -1548634800380.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-05T07:40:00+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-04T23:40:00Z", "ms": -1548634800380.9023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-06T07:40:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T23:40:41Z", "ms": -1548548358696.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T07:40:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T23:40:41Z", "ms": -1548548358696.3901 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 11:44 on Mon 6 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z → 1920-12-06T03:44:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:40 on the 5th and 07:41 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12792 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Monday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 6 December. Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 11:44 on Mon 6 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T12:44:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T14:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T12:44:58+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T14:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T18:19:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T10:19:33Z", "ms": -1548423627039.6926 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-07T20:06:33+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T12:06:33Z", "ms": -1548417206966.8164 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T18:19:45+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T10:19:45Z", "ms": -1548337215265.8127 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T20:06:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T12:06:49Z", "ms": -1548330791371.8628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 14:11 on Wed 8 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z → 1920-12-08T06:11:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–20:07 on the 7th, 18:20–20:07 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 107 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 7 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 14:11 on Wed 8 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31150, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T14:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T15:58:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T14:11:07+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T15:58:31+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-09T00:37:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T16:37:14Z", "ms": -1548314565663.5 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T01:25:14+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T17:25:14Z", "ms": -1548311685663.5 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-10T00:37:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T16:37:41Z", "ms": -1548228139093.193 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-10T01:25:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T17:25:41Z", "ms": -1548225259093.193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 15:59 on Thu 9 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z → 1920-12-09T07:58:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:37–01:25 on the 8th, 00:38–01:26 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31150 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 December. Caturdaśī runs from 14:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 15:59 on Thu 9 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31122, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T01:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T04:01:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T01:27:21+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T04:01:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T04:39:41Z", "ms": -1547839218755.5615 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T13:27:41+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T05:27:41Z", "ms": -1547836338755.5615 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:40:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T04:40:10Z", "ms": -1547752789697.5298 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T13:28:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T05:28:10Z", "ms": -1547749909697.5298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:27 on Tue 14 Dec to 04:01 on Wed 15 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z → 1920-12-14T20:01:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 14th, 12:40–13:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 14 December. Caturthī runs from 01:27 on Tue 14 Dec to 04:01 on Wed 15 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T04:01:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T04:01:29+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:40:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T04:40:10Z", "ms": -1547752789697.5298 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T13:28:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T05:28:10Z", "ms": -1547749909697.5298 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:40:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T04:40:40Z", "ms": -1547666360388.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T13:28:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T05:28:40Z", "ms": -1547663480388.3335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:01 on Wed 15 Dec to 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z → 1920-12-15T22:26:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 15th, 12:41–13:29 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 December. Pañcamī runs from 04:01 on Wed 15 Dec to 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:40:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T04:40:40Z", "ms": -1547666360388.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T13:28:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T05:28:40Z", "ms": -1547663480388.3335 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T04:41:09Z", "ms": -1547579930863.164 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T13:29:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T05:29:09Z", "ms": -1547577050863.164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 16th, 12:41–13:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T06:26:10+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:40:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T04:40:40Z", "ms": -1547666360388.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T13:28:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T05:28:40Z", "ms": -1547663480388.3335 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T04:41:09Z", "ms": -1547579930863.164 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T13:29:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T05:29:09Z", "ms": -1547577050863.164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 16th, 12:41–13:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9300, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T10:06:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T08:31:24+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T10:06:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:41:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T04:41:09Z", "ms": -1547579930863.164 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T13:29:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T05:29:09Z", "ms": -1547577050863.164 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-18T12:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T04:41:39Z", "ms": -1547493501157.148 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T13:29:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T05:29:39Z", "ms": -1547490621157.148 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 10:07 on Sat 18 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z → 1920-12-18T02:06:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 17th, 12:42–13:30 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Kunming, 1920: Friday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mitra Saptamī 1920 falls on Friday 17 December. Saptamī runs from 08:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 10:07 on Sat 18 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4168, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T10:30:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T08:59:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T10:30:36+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T08:59:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T07:49:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-20T23:49:57Z", "ms": -1547251802746.2112 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-21T07:49:57+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-20T23:49:57Z", "ms": -1547251802746.2112 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T07:50:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T23:50:28Z", "ms": -1547165372218.546 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T07:50:28+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T23:50:28Z", "ms": -1547165372218.546 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 09:00 on Wed 22 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z → 1920-12-22T00:59:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:50 on the 21st and 07:50 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4168 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 22 December. Ekādaśī runs from 10:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 09:00 on Wed 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T08:59:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T06:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T08:59:55+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T06:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T12:43:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T04:43:39Z", "ms": -1547147781215.7124 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T13:31:39+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T05:31:39Z", "ms": -1547144901215.7124 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T12:44:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T04:44:09Z", "ms": -1547061351117.9387 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T13:32:09+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T05:32:09Z", "ms": -1547058471117.9387 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 06:43 on Thu 23 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z → 1920-12-22T22:43:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 22nd, 12:44–13:32 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1920: Wednesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 22 December. Dvādaśī runs from 09:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 06:43 on Thu 23 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27312, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T06:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-24T03:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T06:43:26+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-24T03:48:01+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T18:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T10:24:50Z", "ms": -1547127310212.8787 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T20:12:19+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T12:12:19Z", "ms": -1547120861214.287 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T18:25:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T10:25:20Z", "ms": -1547040879512.4358 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T20:12:49+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T12:12:49Z", "ms": -1547034430816.316 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:43 on Thu 23 Dec to 03:48 on Fri 24 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z → 1920-12-23T19:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–20:12 on the 22nd, 18:25–20:13 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 22nd and 107 of 107 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27312 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1920: Thursday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 06:43 on Thu 23 Dec to 03:48 on Fri 24 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-12-25T00:22:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T20:38:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-25T00:22:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T20:38:12+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T18:25:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T10:25:52Z", "ms": -1546954447785.4512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-24T20:13:20+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T12:13:20Z", "ms": -1546947999674.2502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-25T18:26:25+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T10:26:25Z", "ms": -1546868015062.653 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T20:13:52+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:13:52Z", "ms": -1546861567818.3096 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:23 on Sat 25 Dec to 20:38 on Sat 25 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z → 1920-12-25T12:38:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:13 on the 24th, 18:26–20:14 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 24th and 107 of 107 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Kunming, 1920: Saturday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 25 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:23 on Sat 25 Dec to 20:38 on Sat 25 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30437, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T09:22:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-29T06:14:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T09:22:47+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-29T06:14:40+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-27T20:41:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T12:41:54Z", "ms": -1546687085926.392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-27T20:41:54+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T12:41:54Z", "ms": -1546687085926.392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T21:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T13:47:23Z", "ms": -1546596757141.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-28T21:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T13:47:23Z", "ms": -1546596757141.9204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 06:15 on Wed 29 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z → 1920-12-28T22:14:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 27th and 21:47 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30437 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1920: Tuesday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 28 December. Caturthī runs from 09:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 06:15 on Wed 29 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }