{ "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925", "place": { "id": "1804651", "slug": "kunming", "name": "Kunming", "region": "Yunnan, China", "country": "CN", "lat": 25.03889, "lon": 102.71833, "elevation_m": 1895, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1925, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26490, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-04T22:27:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z", "ms": -1419759131429.0884 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-06T00:34:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-05T16:34:18Z", "ms": -1419665142218.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-04T22:27:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z", "ms": -1419759131429.0884 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-06T00:34:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-05T16:34:18Z", "ms": -1419665142218.743 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-05T07:55:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-04T23:55:36Z", "ms": -1419725064395.3657 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-05T07:55:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-04T23:55:36Z", "ms": -1419725064395.3657 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-06T07:55:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-05T23:55:48Z", "ms": -1419638652205.907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-06T07:55:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-05T23:55:48Z", "ms": -1419638652205.907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:28 on Sun 4 Jan to 00:34 on Tue 6 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-04T14:27:49Z → 1925-01-05T16:34:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:56 on the 5th and 07:56 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26490 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 22:28 on Sun 4 Jan to 00:34 on Tue 6 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-07T02:58:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z", "ms": -1419570063787.7979 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-08T05:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-07T21:33:48Z", "ms": -1419474372391.0027 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-07T02:58:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z", "ms": -1419570063787.7979 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-08T05:33:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-07T21:33:48Z", "ms": -1419474372391.0027 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-06T18:34:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-06T10:34:05Z", "ms": -1419600355328.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-06T20:21:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-06T12:21:00Z", "ms": -1419593940142.3906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-07T18:34:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-07T10:34:47Z", "ms": -1419513913034.3572 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-07T20:21:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-07T12:21:38Z", "ms": -1419507502241.8386 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:59 on Wed 7 Jan to 05:34 on Thu 8 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-06T18:58:56Z → 1925-01-07T21:33:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:21 on the 6th, 18:35–20:22 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 6th and 107 of 107 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 7 January. Trayodaśī runs from 02:59 on Wed 7 Jan to 05:34 on Thu 8 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4110, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:45:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T18:38:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-12T10:38:24Z", "ms": -1419081695714.619 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T18:39:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:39:53Z", "ms": -1418908806721.2542 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 4110 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhogi 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15141, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:45:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-12T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1419062400000 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1418976000000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1418976000000 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": -1418889600000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Kunming.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 15141 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Makara Saṅkrānti 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-01-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12757, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:21:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z", "ms": -1418999886791.447 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T18:51:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:51:14Z", "ms": -1418908126430.518 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T17:21:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z", "ms": -1418999886791.447 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T18:51:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:51:14Z", "ms": -1418908126430.518 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T21:30:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T13:30:36Z", "ms": -1418984964113.204 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T21:30:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T13:30:36Z", "ms": -1418984964113.204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-14T22:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T14:23:51Z", "ms": -1418895369268.47 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T22:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T14:23:51Z", "ms": -1418895369268.47 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:22 on Tue 13 Jan to 18:51 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T09:21:53Z → 1925-01-14T10:51:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:31 on the 13th and 22:24 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12757 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 January. Caturthī runs from 17:22 on Tue 13 Jan to 18:51 on Wed 14 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4110, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:45:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T18:38:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-12T10:38:24Z", "ms": -1419081695714.619 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T18:39:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:39:53Z", "ms": -1418908806721.2542 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 4110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pongal 1925 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4110, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:45:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:45:01Z", "ms": -1416438899318.0083 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T19:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z", "ms": -1418991141319.4275 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-12T18:38:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-12T10:38:24Z", "ms": -1419081695714.619 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-13T18:39:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-13T10:39:09Z", "ms": -1418995251330.9553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-14T18:39:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-14T10:39:53Z", "ms": -1418908806721.2542 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-13T11:47:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:39, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:40.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 4110 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1925-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mattu Pongal 1925 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 19:48 on Tue 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T15:07:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z", "ms": -1418403158295.445 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T12:21:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-21T04:21:41Z", "ms": -1418326699155.16 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T15:07:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z", "ms": -1418403158295.445 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T12:21:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-21T04:21:41Z", "ms": -1418326699155.16 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-20T07:56:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-19T23:56:07Z", "ms": -1418429033494.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-20T07:56:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-19T23:56:07Z", "ms": -1418429033494.7322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-21T07:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-20T23:55:57Z", "ms": -1418342643103.543 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T07:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-20T23:55:57Z", "ms": -1418342643103.543 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:07 on Tue 20 Jan to 12:22 on Wed 21 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-20T07:07:22Z → 1925-01-21T04:21:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:56 on the 20th and 07:56 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 January. Ekādaśī runs from 15:07 on Tue 20 Jan to 12:22 on Wed 21 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T09:11:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z", "ms": -1418251694388.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T09:11:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z", "ms": -1418251694388.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-21T18:45:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-21T10:45:09Z", "ms": -1418303690893.7424 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-21T20:30:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-21T12:30:34Z", "ms": -1418297365996.2344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-22T18:45:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T10:45:54Z", "ms": -1418217245662.069 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-22T20:31:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T12:31:12Z", "ms": -1418210928462.869 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:12 on Thu 22 Jan to 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T01:11:46Z → 1925-01-22T21:46:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:31 on the 21st, 18:46–20:31 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 21st and 105 of 105 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 22 January. Trayodaśī runs from 09:12 on Thu 22 Jan to 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1453, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T02:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T02:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T06:10:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T22:10:16Z", "ms": -1418176183867.268 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T07:55:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T23:55:33Z", "ms": -1418169866668.0679 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-24T06:10:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T22:10:10Z", "ms": -1418089789935.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T07:55:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T23:55:19Z", "ms": -1418083480617.2107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan to 02:14 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z → 1925-01-23T18:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:10–07:56 on the 23rd, 06:10–07:55 on the 24th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 105 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1453 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1925: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Tarpaṇa 1925 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturdaśī runs from 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan to 02:14 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-01-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T02:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T05:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z", "ms": -1418177637133.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T02:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T18:13:50Z", "ms": -1418103969842.621 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-23T00:56:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T16:56:44Z", "ms": -1418194996165.0684 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-23T01:44:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-22T17:44:44Z", "ms": -1418192116165.0684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-24T00:56:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T16:56:59Z", "ms": -1418108580560.362 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-24T01:44:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-23T17:44:59Z", "ms": -1418105700560.362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan to 02:14 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-22T21:46:03Z → 1925-01-23T18:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:57–01:45 on the 22nd, 00:57–01:45 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturdaśī runs from 05:46 on Fri 23 Jan to 02:14 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T14:14:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T14:14:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T18:49:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T10:49:39Z", "ms": -1417785021274.1396 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-27T20:34:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T12:34:15Z", "ms": -1417778745205.9802 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T18:50:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T10:50:23Z", "ms": -1417698576972.5671 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T20:34:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T12:34:50Z", "ms": -1417692309623.1084 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:15 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z → 1925-01-28T04:32:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:34 on the 27th, 18:50–20:35 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 104 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Tila Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 14:15 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:35:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:35:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:58:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:58:16Z", "ms": -1417719703867.7554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T13:46:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T05:46:16Z", "ms": -1417716823867.7554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-29T12:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T04:58:28Z", "ms": -1417633292389.4546 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T13:46:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T05:46:28Z", "ms": -1417630412389.4546 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z → 1925-01-29T03:35:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:58–13:46 on the 28th, 12:58–13:46 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Pañcamī 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Pañcamī runs from 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:35:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T11:35:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T03:35:50Z", "ms": -1417638250046.974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:58:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:58:16Z", "ms": -1417719703867.7554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T13:46:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T05:46:16Z", "ms": -1417716823867.7554 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-29T12:58:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T04:58:28Z", "ms": -1417633292389.4546 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-29T13:46:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T05:46:28Z", "ms": -1417630412389.4546 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z → 1925-01-29T03:35:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:58–13:46 on the 28th, 12:58–13:46 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasanta Pañcamī 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Pañcamī runs from 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan to 11:36 on Thu 29 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T14:14:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T14:14:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z", "ms": -1417801523410.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:32:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:32:38Z", "ms": -1417721241767.387 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-27T12:58:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T04:58:04Z", "ms": -1417806116180.122 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-27T13:46:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-27T05:46:04Z", "ms": -1417803236180.122 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-28T12:58:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T04:58:16Z", "ms": -1417719703867.7554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-28T13:46:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-28T05:46:16Z", "ms": -1417716823867.7554 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:15 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-27T06:14:37Z → 1925-01-28T04:32:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:58–13:46 on the 27th, 12:58–13:46 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Caturthī runs from 14:15 on Tue 27 Jan to 12:33 on Wed 28 Jan, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12829, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T11:27:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1417552365114.5474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T12:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-31T04:06:31Z", "ms": -1417463609077.1272 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T11:27:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z", "ms": -1417552365114.5474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T12:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-31T04:06:31Z", "ms": -1417463609077.1272 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-30T06:09:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T22:09:07Z", "ms": -1417571452818.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-30T07:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-29T23:53:26Z", "ms": -1417565194339.691 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-01-31T06:08:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-30T22:08:52Z", "ms": -1417485067672.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-01-31T07:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-01-30T23:53:02Z", "ms": -1417478818212.6367 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:27 on Fri 30 Jan to 12:07 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1925-01-30T03:27:15Z → 1925-01-31T04:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:09–07:53 on the 30th, 06:09–07:53 on the 31st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 30th and 104 of 104 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ratha Saptamī 1925 falls on Saturday 31 January. Saptamī runs from 11:27 on Fri 30 Jan to 12:07 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T17:52:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z", "ms": -1417183655840.02 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T20:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T17:52:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z", "ms": -1417183655840.02 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T20:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-03T07:51:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-02T23:51:42Z", "ms": -1417219697970.7659 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-03T07:51:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-02T23:51:42Z", "ms": -1417219697970.7659 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T07:51:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-03T23:51:13Z", "ms": -1417133327206.4795 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T07:51:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-03T23:51:13Z", "ms": -1417133327206.4795 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:52 on Tue 3 Feb to 20:30 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-03T09:52:24Z → 1925-02-04T12:29:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:52 on the 3rd and 07:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jayā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 4 February. Ekādaśī runs from 17:52 on Tue 3 Feb to 20:30 on Wed 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24160, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T20:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T23:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T20:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z", "ms": -1417087801657.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T23:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-04T12:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T04:59:19Z", "ms": -1417114841191.42 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-04T13:47:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-04T05:47:19Z", "ms": -1417111961191.42 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T12:59:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T04:59:24Z", "ms": -1417028435593.686 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T13:47:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T05:47:24Z", "ms": -1417025555593.686 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:30 on Wed 4 Feb to 23:09 on Thu 5 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-04T12:29:58Z → 1925-02-05T15:09:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 4th, 12:59–13:47 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24160 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 5 February. Dvādaśī runs from 20:30 on Wed 4 Feb to 23:09 on Thu 5 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9002, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T23:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-07T01:40:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-06T17:40:27Z", "ms": -1416896372955.845 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T23:09:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z", "ms": -1416991839027.329 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-07T01:40:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-06T17:40:27Z", "ms": -1416896372955.845 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-05T18:56:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T10:56:07Z", "ms": -1417007033454.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-05T20:39:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-05T12:39:19Z", "ms": -1417000840931.1167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-06T18:56:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-06T10:56:48Z", "ms": -1416920592119.556 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-06T20:39:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-06T12:39:50Z", "ms": -1416914409512.356 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:09 on Thu 5 Feb to 01:40 on Sat 7 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-05T15:09:21Z → 1925-02-06T17:40:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:39 on the 5th, 18:57–20:40 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 5th and 103 of 103 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9002 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 6 February. Trayodaśī runs from 23:09 on Thu 5 Feb to 01:40 on Sat 7 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-02-08T03:55:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z", "ms": -1416801872503.987 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-09T05:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-08T21:48:56Z", "ms": -1416708664067.5554 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-08T03:55:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z", "ms": -1416801872503.987 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-09T05:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-08T21:48:56Z", "ms": -1416708664067.5554 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-08T12:59:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-08T04:59:36Z", "ms": -1416769223732.845 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-08T13:47:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-08T05:47:36Z", "ms": -1416766343732.845 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-09T12:59:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-09T04:59:39Z", "ms": -1416682821395.2947 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-09T13:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-09T05:47:39Z", "ms": -1416679941395.2947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:55 on Sun 8 Feb to 05:49 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-07T19:55:27Z → 1925-02-08T21:48:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 8th, 13:00–13:48 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Sunday 8 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:55 on Sun 8 Feb to 05:49 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-02-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39051, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:53:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z", "ms": -1416438407379.1313 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-13T08:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-13T00:59:06Z", "ms": -1416351653633.106 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T08:53:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z", "ms": -1416438407379.1313 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-13T08:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-13T00:59:06Z", "ms": -1416351653633.106 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-11T21:13:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-11T13:13:30Z", "ms": -1416480389515.0144 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-11T21:13:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-11T13:13:30Z", "ms": -1416480389515.0144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-12T22:08:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T14:08:16Z", "ms": -1416390704260.733 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-12T22:08:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-12T14:08:16Z", "ms": -1416390704260.733 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:53 on Thu 12 Feb to 08:59 on Fri 13 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-12T00:53:13Z → 1925-02-13T00:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:14 on the 11th and 22:08 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 08:53 on Thu 12 Feb to 08:59 on Fri 13 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-02-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26852, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-19T00:14:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z", "ms": -1415864758799.4067 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T21:31:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-19T13:31:55Z", "ms": -1415788084712.7034 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-19T00:14:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z", "ms": -1415864758799.4067 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T21:31:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-19T13:31:55Z", "ms": -1415788084712.7034 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-19T07:41:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-18T23:41:33Z", "ms": -1415837906941.4424 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-19T07:41:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-18T23:41:33Z", "ms": -1415837906941.4424 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T07:40:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-19T23:40:46Z", "ms": -1415751553843.8303 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-20T07:40:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-19T23:40:46Z", "ms": -1415751553843.8303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:14 on Thu 19 Feb to 21:32 on Thu 19 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-18T16:14:01Z → 1925-02-19T13:31:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:42 on the 19th and 07:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26852 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 19 February. Ekādaśī runs from 00:14 on Thu 19 Feb to 21:32 on Thu 19 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-02-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T18:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z", "ms": -1415712018911.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T15:43:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T18:39:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z", "ms": -1415712018911.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T15:43:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-20T19:05:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-20T11:05:44Z", "ms": -1415710456470.3767 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-20T20:46:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-20T12:46:18Z", "ms": -1415704422492.4294 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T19:06:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T11:06:19Z", "ms": -1415624021337.4604 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-21T20:46:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T12:46:41Z", "ms": -1415617998531.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:40 on Fri 20 Feb to 15:44 on Sat 21 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-20T10:39:41Z → 1925-02-21T07:43:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:06–20:46 on the 20th, 19:06–20:47 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 100 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 20 February. Trayodaśī runs from 18:40 on Fri 20 Feb to 15:44 on Sat 21 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T15:43:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T12:51:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-22T04:51:53Z", "ms": -1415560086694.9539 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-21T15:43:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z", "ms": -1415636167933.0754 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T12:51:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-22T04:51:53Z", "ms": -1415560086694.9539 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-22T00:58:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T16:58:44Z", "ms": -1415602875816.2 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-22T01:46:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-21T17:46:44Z", "ms": -1415599995816.2 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-23T00:58:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-22T16:58:37Z", "ms": -1415516483213.6455 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-23T01:46:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-22T17:46:37Z", "ms": -1415513603213.6455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:44 on Sat 21 Feb to 12:52 on Sun 22 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-21T07:43:52Z → 1925-02-22T04:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:59–01:47 on the 21st, 00:59–01:47 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 33292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāśivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 21 February. Caturdaśī runs from 15:44 on Sat 21 Feb to 12:52 on Sun 22 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-02-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29571, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-02-26T04:45:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z", "ms": -1415243663250.914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-27T04:12:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-26T20:12:39Z", "ms": -1415159240818.6296 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-02-26T04:45:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z", "ms": -1415243663250.914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-27T04:12:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-26T20:12:39Z", "ms": -1415159240818.6296 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-26T12:58:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-26T04:58:27Z", "ms": -1415214092600.3433 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-26T13:46:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-26T05:46:27Z", "ms": -1415211212600.3433 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-02-27T12:58:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-27T04:58:17Z", "ms": -1415127702634.2798 }, "end": { "local": "1925-02-27T13:46:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-02-27T05:46:17Z", "ms": -1415124822634.2798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:46 on Thu 26 Feb to 04:13 on Fri 27 Feb.", "fact": "1925-02-25T20:45:37Z → 1925-02-26T20:12:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:58–13:46 on the 26th, 12:58–13:46 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29571 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 26 February. Caturthī runs from 04:46 on Thu 26 Feb to 04:13 on Fri 27 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T14:26:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z", "ms": -1414604016900.398 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T16:55:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-06T08:55:38Z", "ms": -1414508661822.5999 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T14:26:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z", "ms": -1414604016900.398 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T16:55:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-06T08:55:38Z", "ms": -1414508661822.5999 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-05T07:29:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-04T23:29:24Z", "ms": -1414629036172.372 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-05T07:29:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-04T23:29:24Z", "ms": -1414629036172.372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-06T07:28:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-05T23:28:27Z", "ms": -1414542693368.3088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-06T07:28:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-05T23:28:27Z", "ms": -1414542693368.3088 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:26 on Thu 5 Mar to 16:56 on Fri 6 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-05T06:26:23Z → 1925-03-06T08:55:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:29 on the 5th and 07:28 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 6 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:26 on Thu 5 Mar to 16:56 on Fri 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 489, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T19:04:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z", "ms": -1414414548719.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T20:43:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-08T12:43:37Z", "ms": -1414322182792.564 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T19:04:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z", "ms": -1414414548719.0664 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T20:43:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-08T12:43:37Z", "ms": -1414322182792.564 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-07T19:13:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-07T11:13:47Z", "ms": -1414413972857.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-07T20:51:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-07T12:51:29Z", "ms": -1414408111054.1423 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-08T19:14:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-08T11:14:16Z", "ms": -1414327543646.3252 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-08T20:51:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-08T12:51:46Z", "ms": -1414321693566.2417 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:04 on Sat 7 Mar to 20:44 on Sun 8 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-07T11:04:11Z → 1925-03-08T12:43:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:51 on the 7th, 19:14–20:52 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 7th and 89 of 98 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 489 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 7 March. Trayodaśī runs from 19:04 on Sat 7 Mar to 20:44 on Sun 8 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 89 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T21:49:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T21:49:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:52:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T08:52:55Z", "ms": -1414249625408.7031 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-09T19:14:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T11:14:45Z", "ms": -1414241114749.454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T16:53:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T08:53:06Z", "ms": -1414163214361.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T19:15:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T11:15:14Z", "ms": -1414154686150.7158 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:49 on Mon 9 Mar to 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z → 1925-03-10T14:20:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:53–19:15 on the 9th, 16:53–19:15 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 142 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holikā Dahana 1925 falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:49 on Mon 9 Mar to 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T21:49:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T21:49:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z", "ms": -1414231833266.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-09T16:52:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T08:52:55Z", "ms": -1414249625408.7031 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-09T19:14:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-09T11:14:45Z", "ms": -1414241114749.454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T16:53:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T08:53:06Z", "ms": -1414163214361.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-10T19:15:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T11:15:14Z", "ms": -1414154686150.7158 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1925-03-10", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:49 on Mon 9 Mar to 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-09T13:49:27Z → 1925-03-10T14:20:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:53–19:15 on the 9th, 16:53–19:15 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 142 minutes on the 9th and 142 of 142 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9281 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Tuesday 10 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holī 1925 falls on Wednesday 11 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:49 on Mon 9 Mar to 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 10th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32571, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T22:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-11T14:19:10Z", "ms": -1414057250342.9563 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-10T22:20:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z", "ms": -1414143557379.0432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T22:19:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-11T14:19:10Z", "ms": -1414057250342.9563 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-11T07:23:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T23:23:33Z", "ms": -1414110986774.7112 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-11T07:23:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-10T23:23:33Z", "ms": -1414110986774.7112 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-12T07:22:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-11T23:22:33Z", "ms": -1414024646731.6702 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-12T07:22:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-11T23:22:33Z", "ms": -1414024646731.6702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar to 22:19 on Wed 11 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-10T14:20:43Z → 1925-03-11T14:19:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:24 on the 11th and 07:23 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32571 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasantotsava 1925 falls on Wednesday 11 March. Pratipadā runs from 22:21 on Tue 10 Mar to 22:19 on Wed 11 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-03-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T20:52:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1413889654305.509 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T19:36:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-14T11:36:05Z", "ms": -1413807835271.209 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T20:52:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1413889654305.509 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T19:36:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-14T11:36:05Z", "ms": -1413807835271.209 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-13T21:55:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-13T13:55:36Z", "ms": -1413885863524.691 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-13T21:55:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-13T13:55:36Z", "ms": -1413885863524.691 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-14T22:54:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-14T14:54:38Z", "ms": -1413795921588.633 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-14T22:54:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-14T14:54:38Z", "ms": -1413795921588.633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:52 on Fri 13 Mar to 19:36 on Sat 14 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-13T12:52:26Z → 1925-03-14T11:36:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:56 on the 13th and 22:55 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 13 March. Caturthī runs from 20:52 on Fri 13 Mar to 19:36 on Sat 14 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T14:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z", "ms": -1413567468631.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T12:18:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-18T04:18:46Z", "ms": -1413488473506.662 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T14:22:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z", "ms": -1413567468631.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T12:18:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-18T04:18:46Z", "ms": -1413488473506.662 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-17T12:53:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-17T04:53:58Z", "ms": -1413572762048.313 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-17T13:41:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-17T05:41:58Z", "ms": -1413569882048.313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-18T12:53:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-18T04:53:41Z", "ms": -1413486379452.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-18T13:41:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-18T05:41:41Z", "ms": -1413483499452.4404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:22 on Tue 17 Mar to 12:19 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-17T06:22:11Z → 1925-03-18T04:18:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:54–13:42 on the 17th, 12:54–13:42 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 2094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:22 on Tue 17 Mar to 12:19 on Wed 18 Mar, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T07:56:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z", "ms": -1413331399256.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T05:42:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-20T21:42:48Z", "ms": -1413253032233.249 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T07:56:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z", "ms": -1413331399256.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T05:42:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-20T21:42:48Z", "ms": -1413253032233.249 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-20T07:14:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:14:23Z", "ms": -1413333936653.3127 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-20T07:14:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-19T23:14:23Z", "ms": -1413333936653.3127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T07:13:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-20T23:13:21Z", "ms": -1413247598750.322 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T07:13:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-20T23:13:21Z", "ms": -1413247598750.322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:57 on Fri 20 Mar to 05:43 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-19T23:56:41Z → 1925-03-20T21:42:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 20th and 07:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 20 March. Ekādaśī runs from 07:57 on Fri 20 Mar to 05:43 on Sat 21 Mar, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16302, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T03:31:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1413174514332.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T01:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T03:31:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1413174514332.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T01:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-21T19:20:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-21T11:20:14Z", "ms": -1413203986411.5554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-21T20:55:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-21T12:55:10Z", "ms": -1413198289683.413 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-22T19:20:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T11:20:40Z", "ms": -1413117560119.4397 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-22T20:55:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T12:55:25Z", "ms": -1413111875200.8594 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:31 on Sun 22 Mar to 01:27 on Mon 23 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-21T19:31:26Z → 1925-03-22T17:27:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:55 on the 21st, 19:21–20:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 21st and 95 of 95 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16302 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 22 March. Trayodaśī runs from 03:31 on Sun 22 Mar to 01:27 on Mon 23 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-03-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 771, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-23T01:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T23:35:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-23T15:35:27Z", "ms": -1413015873367.6392 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-23T01:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z", "ms": -1413095572811.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T23:35:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-23T15:35:27Z", "ms": -1413015873367.6392 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-23T00:51:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T16:51:58Z", "ms": -1413097681674.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-23T01:39:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-22T17:39:58Z", "ms": -1413094801674.7634 } }, "covered_min": 13, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T00:51:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-23T16:51:40Z", "ms": -1413011299750.979 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-24T01:39:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-23T17:39:40Z", "ms": -1413008419750.979 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:27 on Mon 23 Mar to 23:35 on Mon 23 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-22T17:27:07Z → 1925-03-23T15:35:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:52–01:40 on the 22nd, 00:52–01:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 13 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 771 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Sunday 22 March. Caturdaśī runs from 01:27 on Mon 23 Mar to 23:35 on Mon 23 Mar and covers 13 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T22:02:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z", "ms": -1412935032547.82 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T20:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-25T12:55:57Z", "ms": -1412852643382.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T22:02:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z", "ms": -1412935032547.82 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T20:55:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-25T12:55:57Z", "ms": -1412852643382.73 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-24T12:51:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-24T04:51:53Z", "ms": -1412968086709.1147 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-24T13:39:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-24T05:39:53Z", "ms": -1412965206709.1147 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-25T12:51:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-25T04:51:35Z", "ms": -1412881704897.245 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-25T13:39:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-25T05:39:35Z", "ms": -1412878824897.245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:03 on Tue 24 Mar to 20:56 on Wed 25 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-24T14:02:47Z → 1925-03-25T12:55:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 24th, 12:52–13:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1925 falls on Wednesday 25 March. Pratipadā runs from 22:03 on Tue 24 Mar to 20:56 on Wed 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T20:21:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T20:21:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T12:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T04:51:17Z", "ms": -1412795323131.386 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-26T13:39:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T05:39:17Z", "ms": -1412792443131.386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T04:50:59Z", "ms": -1412708941395.129 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T13:38:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T05:38:59Z", "ms": -1412706061395.129 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:21 on Thu 26 Mar to 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z → 1925-03-27T12:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 26th, 12:51–13:39 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1925: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1925 falls on Friday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:21 on Thu 26 Mar to 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T20:21:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T20:21:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z", "ms": -1412768315434.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-26T12:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T04:51:17Z", "ms": -1412795323131.386 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-26T13:39:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-26T05:39:17Z", "ms": -1412792443131.386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T04:50:59Z", "ms": -1412708941395.129 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T13:38:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T05:38:59Z", "ms": -1412706061395.129 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:21 on Thu 26 Mar to 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-26T12:21:25Z → 1925-03-27T12:24:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 26th, 12:51–13:39 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 27 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:21 on Thu 26 Mar to 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-03-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T21:08:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T20:24:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z", "ms": -1412681729929.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T21:08:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-27T12:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T04:50:59Z", "ms": -1412708941395.129 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-27T13:38:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-27T05:38:59Z", "ms": -1412706061395.129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T12:50:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T04:50:40Z", "ms": -1412622559671.576 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T13:38:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T05:38:40Z", "ms": -1412619679671.576 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar to 21:08 on Sat 28 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-27T12:24:30Z → 1925-03-28T13:08:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 27th, 12:51–13:39 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 28 March. Caturthī runs from 20:25 on Fri 27 Mar to 21:08 on Sat 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T21:08:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T22:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-29T14:31:58Z", "ms": -1412501282397.6785 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T21:08:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z", "ms": -1412592707858.464 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T22:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-29T14:31:58Z", "ms": -1412501282397.6785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-28T12:50:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T04:50:40Z", "ms": -1412622559671.576 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-28T13:38:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-28T05:38:40Z", "ms": -1412619679671.576 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-03-29T12:50:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-29T04:50:22Z", "ms": -1412536177943.295 }, "end": { "local": "1925-03-29T13:38:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-29T05:38:22Z", "ms": -1412533297943.295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Mar to 22:32 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "1925-03-28T13:08:12Z → 1925-03-29T14:31:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 28th, 12:50–13:38 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1925 falls on Sunday 29 March. Pañcamī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Mar to 22:32 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26362, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-01T02:54:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z", "ms": -1412312723378.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T05:29:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-01T02:54:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z", "ms": -1412312723378.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T05:29:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-01T12:49:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T04:49:27Z", "ms": -1412277032548.4248 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-01T13:37:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T05:37:27Z", "ms": -1412274152548.4248 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T12:49:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-02T04:49:09Z", "ms": -1412190650617.5728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T13:37:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-02T05:37:09Z", "ms": -1412187770617.5728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:55 on Wed 1 Apr to 05:30 on Thu 2 Apr.", "fact": "1925-03-31T18:54:37Z → 1925-04-01T21:29:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 1st, 12:49–13:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26362 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhavānī Utpatti 1925 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:55 on Wed 1 Apr to 05:30 on Thu 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T05:29:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T08:00:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T00:00:22Z", "ms": -1412121577660.2507 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T05:29:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z", "ms": -1412217012148.366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T08:00:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T00:00:22Z", "ms": -1412121577660.2507 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-02T12:49:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-02T04:49:09Z", "ms": -1412190650617.5728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-02T13:37:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-02T05:37:09Z", "ms": -1412187770617.5728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-03T12:48:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T04:48:51Z", "ms": -1412104268588.3442 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-03T13:36:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T05:36:51Z", "ms": -1412101388588.3442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 05:30 on Thu 2 Apr to 08:00 on Fri 3 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-01T21:29:48Z → 1925-04-03T00:00:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 2nd, 12:49–13:37 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāma Navamī 1925 falls on Thursday 2 April. Navamī runs from 05:30 on Thu 2 Apr to 08:00 on Fri 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11528, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T10:10:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z", "ms": -1412027340567.336 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T11:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-05T03:49:18Z", "ms": -1411935041621.0652 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T10:10:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z", "ms": -1412027340567.336 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T11:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-05T03:49:18Z", "ms": -1411935041621.0652 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-04T06:58:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T22:58:52Z", "ms": -1412038868165.3215 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-04T06:58:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-03T22:58:52Z", "ms": -1412038868165.3215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-05T06:57:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-04T22:57:51Z", "ms": -1411952529279.7397 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-05T06:57:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-04T22:57:51Z", "ms": -1411952529279.7397 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Sat 4 Apr to 11:49 on Sun 5 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-04T02:10:59Z → 1925-04-05T03:49:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:59 on the 4th and 06:58 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11528 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Sat 4 Apr to 11:49 on Sun 5 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 28, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:47:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:47:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:47:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:58Z", "ms": -1411845121711.6309 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-06T13:35:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T05:35:58Z", "ms": -1411842241711.6309 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T12:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T04:47:41Z", "ms": -1411758739088.3318 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:35:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:35:41Z", "ms": -1411755859088.3318 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 6 Apr to 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z → 1925-04-07T05:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 6th, 12:48–13:36 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 15 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 28 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1925 falls on Monday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 6 Apr to 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 15 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken. It is 0 min 28 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23093, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:47:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T12:47:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z", "ms": -1411845149891.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-06T19:27:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T11:27:07Z", "ms": -1411821173301.477 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-06T20:58:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-06T12:58:56Z", "ms": -1411815663616.422 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T19:27:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T11:27:32Z", "ms": -1411734747513.0989 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T20:59:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T12:59:11Z", "ms": -1411729249294.9324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 6 Apr to 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-06T04:47:30Z → 1925-04-07T05:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:27–20:59 on the 6th, 19:28–20:59 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 92 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23093 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Monday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 6 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:48 on Mon 6 Apr to 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:02:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z", "ms": -1411757840930.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-07T12:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T04:47:41Z", "ms": -1411758739088.3318 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-07T13:35:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-07T05:35:41Z", "ms": -1411755859088.3318 } }, "covered_min": 33, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:47:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:47:24Z", "ms": -1411672356264.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T13:35:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T05:35:24Z", "ms": -1411669476264.4922 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr to 12:36 on Wed 8 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-07T05:02:39Z → 1925-04-08T04:36:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 7th, 12:47–13:35 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 33 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Caturdaśī runs from 13:03 on Tue 7 Apr to 12:36 on Wed 8 Apr and covers 33 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T11:32:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-09T03:32:37Z", "ms": -1411590443272.9028 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1411673031320.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T11:32:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-09T03:32:37Z", "ms": -1411590443272.9028 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-08T12:47:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T04:47:24Z", "ms": -1411672356264.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-08T13:35:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-08T05:35:24Z", "ms": -1411669476264.4922 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-09T12:47:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-09T04:47:07Z", "ms": -1411585973218.5862 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-09T13:35:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-09T05:35:07Z", "ms": -1411583093218.5862 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:36 on Wed 8 Apr to 11:33 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-08T04:36:09Z → 1925-04-09T03:32:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 8th, 12:47–13:35 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:36 on Wed 8 Apr to 11:33 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-04-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16916, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T05:50:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z", "ms": -1411351759845.189 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T03:31:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1411273714041.805 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T05:50:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z", "ms": -1411351759845.189 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T03:31:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T19:31:26Z", "ms": -1411273714041.805 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-11T21:46:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-11T13:46:42Z", "ms": -1411380797863.2173 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-11T21:46:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-11T13:46:42Z", "ms": -1411380797863.2173 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T22:49:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T14:49:30Z", "ms": -1411290630221.3687 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-12T22:49:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T14:49:30Z", "ms": -1411290630221.3687 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:51 on Sun 12 Apr to 03:31 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-11T21:50:40Z → 1925-04-12T19:31:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:47 on the 11th and 22:49 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16916 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Sunday 12 April. Caturthī runs from 05:51 on Sun 12 Apr to 03:31 on Mon 13 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27032, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T14:20:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-14T11:23:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-14T03:23:13Z", "ms": -1408567007061.3774 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T14:20:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T14:20:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z", "ms": -1411234773862.3223 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-12T06:50:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-11T22:50:52Z", "ms": -1411348147873.01 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-13T06:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T22:49:54Z", "ms": -1411261806014.913 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-13T06:49:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-12T22:49:54Z", "ms": -1411261806014.913 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-14T06:48:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-13T22:48:56Z", "ms": -1411175463657.8945 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 14:20 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-13T06:20:26Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:51 on the 12th, and from 06:50 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 27032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1925-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaiśākhī 1925 falls on Monday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 14:20 on Mon 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24737, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T15:06:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z", "ms": -1410800037023.244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T13:36:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-19T05:36:34Z", "ms": -1410719006118.02 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T15:06:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z", "ms": -1410800037023.244 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T13:36:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-19T05:36:34Z", "ms": -1410719006118.02 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-18T06:45:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-17T22:45:11Z", "ms": -1410830088716.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-18T06:45:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-17T22:45:11Z", "ms": -1410830088716.0662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-19T06:44:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-18T22:44:17Z", "ms": -1410743743479.8362 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-19T06:44:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-18T22:44:17Z", "ms": -1410743743479.8362 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:06 on Sat 18 Apr to 13:37 on Sun 19 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-18T07:06:03Z → 1925-04-19T05:36:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 18th and 06:44 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24737 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 19 April. Ekādaśī runs from 15:06 on Sat 18 Apr to 13:37 on Sun 19 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T12:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z", "ms": -1410637152694.236 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T11:21:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T12:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z", "ms": -1410637152694.236 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T11:21:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-20T19:33:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T11:33:19Z", "ms": -1410611201000.3323 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-20T21:02:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T13:02:32Z", "ms": -1410605847673.5679 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T19:33:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T11:33:47Z", "ms": -1410524773175.5825 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T21:02:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T13:02:49Z", "ms": -1410519430594.069 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:21 on Mon 20 Apr to 11:21 on Tue 21 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-20T04:20:47Z → 1925-04-21T03:21:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:33–21:03 on the 20th, 19:34–21:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 89 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Monday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:21 on Mon 20 Apr to 11:21 on Tue 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-04-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T11:21:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T10:42:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-22T02:42:21Z", "ms": -1410470258504.765 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T11:21:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z", "ms": -1410554311397.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T10:42:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-22T02:42:21Z", "ms": -1410470258504.765 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-21T00:43:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T16:43:54Z", "ms": -1410592566024.966 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-21T01:31:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-20T17:31:54Z", "ms": -1410589686024.966 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-22T00:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T16:43:42Z", "ms": -1410506178494.9077 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-22T01:31:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-21T17:31:42Z", "ms": -1410503298494.9077 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:21 on Tue 21 Apr to 10:42 on Wed 22 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-21T03:21:29Z → 1925-04-22T02:42:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:44–01:32 on the 20th, 00:44–01:32 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Tuesday 21 April. Caturdaśī runs from 11:21 on Tue 21 Apr to 10:42 on Wed 22 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T11:29:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T11:29:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T19:35:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T11:35:40Z", "ms": -1410179060102.967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-25T21:04:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T13:04:00Z", "ms": -1410173759770.2605 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T19:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T11:36:09Z", "ms": -1410092631408.224 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T21:04:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T13:04:19Z", "ms": -1410087341439.281 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:29 on Sat 25 Apr to 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z → 1925-04-26T04:49:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:36–21:04 on the 25th, 19:36–21:04 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 88 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1925 falls on Saturday 25 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:29 on Sat 25 Apr to 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T11:29:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T11:29:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z", "ms": -1410208258710.648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-25T06:39:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-24T22:39:02Z", "ms": -1410225657788.42 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-25T10:57:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T02:57:55Z", "ms": -1410210125226.6023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T06:38:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-25T22:38:12Z", "ms": -1410139307607.6677 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T10:57:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T02:57:31Z", "ms": -1410123748874.5198 } }, "covered_min": 259, "window_min": 259, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:29 on Sat 25 Apr to 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-25T03:29:01Z → 1925-04-26T04:49:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:39–10:58 on the 25th, 06:38–10:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 259 minutes on the 25th and 259 of 259 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1925 falls on Sunday 26 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:29 on Sat 25 Apr to 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-04-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T14:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:49:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z", "ms": -1410117024320.0967 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T14:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-26T12:43:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T04:43:10Z", "ms": -1410117409507.9458 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-26T13:31:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-26T05:31:10Z", "ms": -1410114529507.9458 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T12:43:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T04:43:00Z", "ms": -1410031019596.134 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T13:31:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T05:31:00Z", "ms": -1410028139596.134 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr to 14:42 on Mon 27 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-26T04:49:36Z → 1925-04-27T06:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 26th, 12:43–13:31 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 42 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 27 April. Caturthī runs from 12:50 on Sun 26 Apr to 14:42 on Mon 27 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 42 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-04-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T14:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T17:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-28T09:00:06Z", "ms": -1409929194329.066 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T14:42:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z", "ms": -1410023879712.0918 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T17:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-28T09:00:06Z", "ms": -1409929194329.066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-27T12:43:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T04:43:00Z", "ms": -1410031019596.134 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-27T13:31:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-27T05:31:00Z", "ms": -1410028139596.134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-28T12:42:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-28T04:42:51Z", "ms": -1409944629202.5684 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-28T13:30:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-28T05:30:51Z", "ms": -1409941749202.5684 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:42 on Mon 27 Apr to 17:00 on Tue 28 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-27T06:42:00Z → 1925-04-28T09:00:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 27th, 12:43–13:31 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1925 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Pañcamī runs from 14:42 on Mon 27 Apr to 17:00 on Tue 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21753, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T19:33:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z", "ms": -1409833605079.585 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T22:07:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-30T14:07:15Z", "ms": -1409737964666.3945 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T19:33:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z", "ms": -1409833605079.585 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T22:07:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-30T14:07:15Z", "ms": -1409737964666.3945 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-29T12:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-29T04:42:42Z", "ms": -1409858238319.6301 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-29T13:30:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-29T05:30:42Z", "ms": -1409855358319.6301 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-04-30T12:42:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-30T04:42:33Z", "ms": -1409771846939.7937 }, "end": { "local": "1925-04-30T13:30:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-04-30T05:30:33Z", "ms": -1409768966939.7937 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:33 on Wed 29 Apr to 22:07 on Thu 30 Apr.", "fact": "1925-04-29T11:33:15Z → 1925-04-30T14:07:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 29th, 12:43–13:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21753 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1925 falls on Thursday 30 April. Saptamī runs from 19:33 on Wed 29 Apr to 22:07 on Thu 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T03:23:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z", "ms": -1409459776648.3787 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T03:23:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z", "ms": -1409459776648.3787 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-04T06:32:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-03T22:32:04Z", "ms": -1409448476176.7727 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-04T06:32:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-03T22:32:04Z", "ms": -1409448476176.7727 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T06:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T22:31:22Z", "ms": -1409362118194.6284 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T06:31:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T22:31:22Z", "ms": -1409362118194.6284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:24 on Mon 4 May to 03:44 on Tue 5 May.", "fact": "1925-05-03T19:23:43Z → 1925-05-04T19:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:32 on the 4th and 06:31 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 4 May. Ekādaśī runs from 03:24 on Mon 4 May to 03:44 on Tue 5 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32263, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T12:41:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T04:41:58Z", "ms": -1409339882330.6157 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T13:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T05:29:58Z", "ms": -1409337002330.6157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T12:41:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T04:41:52Z", "ms": -1409253487815.805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T13:29:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T05:29:52Z", "ms": -1409250607815.805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:44 on Tue 5 May to 03:16 on Wed 6 May.", "fact": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z → 1925-05-05T19:15:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 5th, 12:42–13:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32263 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:44 on Tue 5 May to 03:16 on Wed 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32263, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T03:44:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z", "ms": -1409372145372.4006 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T12:41:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T04:41:58Z", "ms": -1409339882330.6157 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T13:29:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T05:29:58Z", "ms": -1409337002330.6157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T12:41:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T04:41:52Z", "ms": -1409253487815.805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T13:29:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T05:29:52Z", "ms": -1409250607815.805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:44 on Tue 5 May to 03:16 on Wed 6 May.", "fact": "1925-05-04T19:44:15Z → 1925-05-05T19:15:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 5th, 12:42–13:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32263 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:44 on Tue 5 May to 03:16 on Wed 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T02:01:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T03:15:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z", "ms": -1409287453382.3518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T02:01:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-05T19:40:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T11:40:34Z", "ms": -1409314766466.603 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-05T21:07:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-05T13:07:14Z", "ms": -1409309565503.4968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T19:41:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T11:41:04Z", "ms": -1409228336388.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:07:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T13:07:35Z", "ms": -1409223144776.7944 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:16 on Wed 6 May to 02:01 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1925-05-05T19:15:47Z → 1925-05-06T18:01:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:41–21:07 on the 5th, 19:41–21:08 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 5th and 87 of 87 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 03:16 on Wed 6 May to 02:01 on Thu 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10773, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T02:01:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T02:01:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z", "ms": -1409205515937.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-06T19:41:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T11:41:04Z", "ms": -1409228336388.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-06T21:07:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-06T13:07:35Z", "ms": -1409223144776.7944 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T19:41:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T11:41:34Z", "ms": -1409141906203.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T21:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T13:07:56Z", "ms": -1409136723822.6892 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:01 on Thu 7 May to 00:07 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1925-05-06T18:01:24Z → 1925-05-07T16:07:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:41–21:08 on the 6th, 19:42–21:08 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 6th and 86 of 86 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10773 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1925 falls on Thursday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 02:01 on Thu 7 May to 00:07 on Fri 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T21:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T21:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T04:41:47Z", "ms": -1409167092752.5608 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T05:29:47Z", "ms": -1409164212752.5608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T04:41:43Z", "ms": -1409080697133.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T05:29:43Z", "ms": -1409077817133.1553 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:07 on Fri 8 May to 21:42 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z → 1925-05-08T13:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 7th, 12:42–13:30 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1925: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:07 on Fri 8 May to 21:42 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T21:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T00:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z", "ms": -1409125951064.9465 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T21:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T13:42:27Z", "ms": -1409048252716.0916 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-07T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T04:41:47Z", "ms": -1409167092752.5608 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-07T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-07T05:29:47Z", "ms": -1409164212752.5608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-08T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T04:41:43Z", "ms": -1409080697133.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-08T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-08T05:29:43Z", "ms": -1409077817133.1553 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:07 on Fri 8 May to 21:42 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1925-05-07T16:07:29Z → 1925-05-08T13:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 7th, 12:42–13:30 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:07 on Fri 8 May to 21:42 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-05-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35360, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T12:55:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z", "ms": -1408820682054.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-12T09:58:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-12T01:58:48Z", "ms": -1408744871589.0864 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T12:55:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z", "ms": -1408820682054.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-12T09:58:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-12T01:58:48Z", "ms": -1408744871589.0864 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-11T22:44:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-11T14:44:37Z", "ms": -1408785322509.763 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-11T22:44:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-11T14:44:37Z", "ms": -1408785322509.763 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-12T23:45:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-12T15:45:47Z", "ms": -1408695253035.4119 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-12T23:45:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-12T15:45:47Z", "ms": -1408695253035.4119 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Mon 11 May to 09:59 on Tue 12 May.", "fact": "1925-05-11T04:55:18Z → 1925-05-12T01:58:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:45 on the 11th and 23:46 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35360 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 11 May. Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Mon 11 May to 09:59 on Tue 12 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-05-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-17T22:38:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z", "ms": -1408267283683.4617 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T22:04:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-18T14:04:24Z", "ms": -1408182936408.798 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-17T22:38:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z", "ms": -1408267283683.4617 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T22:04:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-18T14:04:24Z", "ms": -1408182936408.798 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-18T06:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-17T22:23:51Z", "ms": -1408239368975.2886 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-18T06:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-17T22:23:51Z", "ms": -1408239368975.2886 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T06:23:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-18T22:23:24Z", "ms": -1408152995707.3594 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-19T06:23:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-18T22:23:24Z", "ms": -1408152995707.3594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:39 on Sun 17 May to 22:04 on Mon 18 May.", "fact": "1925-05-17T14:38:36Z → 1925-05-18T14:04:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 18th and 06:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aparā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 18 May. Ekādaśī runs from 22:39 on Sun 17 May to 22:04 on Mon 18 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T21:53:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z", "ms": -1408097197630.239 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T22:06:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T21:53:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z", "ms": -1408097197630.239 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T22:06:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-19T19:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-19T11:47:41Z", "ms": -1408104738648.742 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-19T21:12:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-19T13:12:24Z", "ms": -1408099656328.3213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T19:48:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T11:48:12Z", "ms": -1408018308011.8655 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-20T21:12:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T13:12:47Z", "ms": -1408013233021.5007 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:53 on Tue 19 May to 22:06 on Wed 20 May.", "fact": "1925-05-19T13:53:22Z → 1925-05-20T14:06:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:48–21:12 on the 19th, 19:48–21:13 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 19th and 85 of 85 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 20 May. Trayodaśī runs from 21:53 on Tue 19 May to 22:06 on Wed 20 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-05-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7045, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T22:06:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T22:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-21T14:44:02Z", "ms": -1407921358228.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-20T22:06:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z", "ms": -1408010027775.843 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T22:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-21T14:44:02Z", "ms": -1407921358228.648 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-21T00:41:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T16:41:23Z", "ms": -1408000716797.998 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-21T01:29:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-20T17:29:23Z", "ms": -1407997836797.998 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-22T00:41:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-21T16:41:27Z", "ms": -1407914313095.3057 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-22T01:29:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-21T17:29:27Z", "ms": -1407911433095.3057 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:06 on Wed 20 May to 22:44 on Thu 21 May.", "fact": "1925-05-20T14:06:12Z → 1925-05-21T14:44:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:41–01:29 on the 20th, 00:41–01:29 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7045 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Wednesday 20 May. Caturdaśī runs from 22:06 on Wed 20 May to 22:44 on Thu 21 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-05-25T03:15:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z", "ms": -1407645894723.683 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T05:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-25T03:15:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z", "ms": -1407645894723.683 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T05:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-25T12:41:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T04:41:56Z", "ms": -1407611883843.1301 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-25T13:29:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T05:29:56Z", "ms": -1407609003843.1301 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T12:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-26T04:42:02Z", "ms": -1407525478164.501 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T13:30:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-26T05:30:02Z", "ms": -1407522598164.501 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 03:15 on Mon 25 May to 05:33 on Tue 26 May.", "fact": "1925-05-24T19:15:05Z → 1925-05-25T21:33:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 25th, 12:42–13:30 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1925: Monday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1925 falls on Monday 25 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 03:15 on Mon 25 May to 05:33 on Tue 26 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-05-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T05:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T08:05:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-27T00:05:58Z", "ms": -1407455642009.2896 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T05:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z", "ms": -1407551208369.261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T08:05:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-27T00:05:58Z", "ms": -1407455642009.2896 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-26T12:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-26T04:42:02Z", "ms": -1407525478164.501 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-26T13:30:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-26T05:30:02Z", "ms": -1407522598164.501 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-27T12:42:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-27T04:42:08Z", "ms": -1407439072010.1404 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-27T13:30:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-27T05:30:08Z", "ms": -1407436192010.1404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:33 on Tue 26 May to 08:06 on Wed 27 May.", "fact": "1925-05-25T21:33:12Z → 1925-05-27T00:05:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 26th, 12:42–13:30 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 26 May. Caturthī runs from 05:33 on Tue 26 May to 08:06 on Wed 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T10:42:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:10:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T10:42:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:10:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T12:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T04:42:15Z", "ms": -1407352665394.3647 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-28T13:30:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T05:30:15Z", "ms": -1407349785394.3647 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-29T12:42:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T04:42:22Z", "ms": -1407266258331.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:30:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:30:22Z", "ms": -1407263378331.8179 } }, "covered_min": 28, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:43 on Thu 28 May to 13:11 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z → 1925-05-29T05:10:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 28th, 12:42–13:30 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 28 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Kunming, 1925: Thursday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1925 falls on Thursday 28 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:43 on Thu 28 May to 13:11 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 28 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T10:42:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:10:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T10:42:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z", "ms": -1407359831048.6316 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:10:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:10:31Z", "ms": -1407264569277.3997 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-28T12:42:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T04:42:15Z", "ms": -1407352665394.3647 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-28T13:30:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-28T05:30:15Z", "ms": -1407349785394.3647 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-05-29T12:42:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T04:42:22Z", "ms": -1407266258331.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1925-05-29T13:30:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-05-29T05:30:22Z", "ms": -1407263378331.8179 } }, "covered_min": 28, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:43 on Thu 28 May to 13:11 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1925-05-28T02:42:49Z → 1925-05-29T05:10:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 28th, 12:42–13:30 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 28 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:43 on Thu 28 May to 13:11 on Fri 29 May and covers 28 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T17:17:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z", "ms": -1406904140860.6648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T16:18:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T17:17:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z", "ms": -1406904140860.6648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T16:18:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-02T06:19:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-01T22:19:17Z", "ms": -1406943643143.743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-02T06:19:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-01T22:19:17Z", "ms": -1406943643143.743 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T06:19:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-02T22:19:08Z", "ms": -1406857251730.6223 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T06:19:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-02T22:19:08Z", "ms": -1406857251730.6223 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:18 on Tue 2 Jun to 16:19 on Wed 3 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-02T09:17:39Z → 1925-06-03T08:18:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 2nd and 06:19 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 3 June. Ekādaśī runs from 17:18 on Tue 2 Jun to 16:19 on Wed 3 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T16:18:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T14:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T16:18:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z", "ms": -1406821286749.8262 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T14:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-03T12:43:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T04:43:03Z", "ms": -1406834216845.1074 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-03T13:31:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-03T05:31:03Z", "ms": -1406831336845.1074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T12:43:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T04:43:13Z", "ms": -1406747807418.7305 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T13:31:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T05:31:13Z", "ms": -1406744927418.7305 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 16:19 on Wed 3 Jun to 14:32 on Thu 4 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-03T08:18:33Z → 1925-06-04T06:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 3rd, 12:43–13:31 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 4 June. Dvādaśī runs from 16:19 on Wed 3 Jun to 14:32 on Thu 4 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19390, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T14:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T12:05:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T04:05:34Z", "ms": -1406663665552.5828 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T14:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z", "ms": -1406741265344.807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T12:05:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T04:05:34Z", "ms": -1406663665552.5828 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-04T19:55:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T11:55:24Z", "ms": -1406721875721.9731 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-04T21:18:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-04T13:18:32Z", "ms": -1406716887665.9746 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-05T19:55:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T11:55:50Z", "ms": -1406635449998.3457 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T21:18:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T13:18:54Z", "ms": -1406630466037.772 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:32 on Thu 4 Jun to 12:06 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-04T06:32:15Z → 1925-06-05T04:05:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:55–21:19 on the 4th, 19:56–21:19 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 83 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19390 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 4 June. Trayodaśī runs from 14:32 on Thu 4 Jun to 12:06 on Fri 5 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30498, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T09:07:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z", "ms": -1406587957142.6946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-07T05:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T21:47:33Z", "ms": -1406513546893.2366 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T09:07:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z", "ms": -1406587957142.6946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-07T05:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T21:47:33Z", "ms": -1406513546893.2366 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-05T19:55:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T11:55:50Z", "ms": -1406635449998.3457 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-05T21:18:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-05T13:18:54Z", "ms": -1406630466037.772 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-06T19:56:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T11:56:15Z", "ms": -1406549024812.5698 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-06T21:19:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-06T13:19:15Z", "ms": -1406544044717.019 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:07 on Sat 6 Jun to 05:48 on Sun 7 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-06T01:07:23Z → 1925-06-06T21:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:56–21:19 on the 5th, 19:56–21:19 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 83 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30498 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 6 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:07 on Sat 6 Jun to 05:48 on Sun 7 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-06-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11641, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T19:18:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z", "ms": -1406292074996.6758 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T16:10:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-10T08:10:06Z", "ms": -1406216993842.5151 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T19:18:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z", "ms": -1406292074996.6758 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T16:10:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-10T08:10:06Z", "ms": -1406216993842.5151 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-09T22:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-09T14:32:46Z", "ms": -1406280434159.0166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-09T22:32:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-09T14:32:46Z", "ms": -1406280434159.0166 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-10T23:28:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-10T15:28:05Z", "ms": -1406190715008.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-10T23:28:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-10T15:28:05Z", "ms": -1406190715008.4285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:19 on Tue 9 Jun to 16:10 on Wed 10 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-09T11:18:45Z → 1925-06-10T08:10:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:33 on the 9th and 23:28 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11641 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Tuesday 9 June. Caturthī runs from 19:19 on Tue 9 Jun to 16:10 on Wed 10 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4477, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T07:33:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z", "ms": -1405729579081.5088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T08:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-17T00:02:05Z", "ms": -1405641475265.3894 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T07:33:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z", "ms": -1405729579081.5088 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T08:02:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-17T00:02:05Z", "ms": -1405641475265.3894 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-16T06:19:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-15T22:19:04Z", "ms": -1405734055956.246 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-16T06:19:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-15T22:19:04Z", "ms": -1405734055956.246 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-17T06:19:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-16T22:19:12Z", "ms": -1405647648352.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-17T06:19:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-16T22:19:12Z", "ms": -1405647648352.5125 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:34 on Tue 16 Jun to 08:02 on Wed 17 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-15T23:33:41Z → 1925-06-17T00:02:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 16th and 06:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4477 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 17 June. Ekādaśī runs from 07:34 on Tue 16 Jun to 08:02 on Wed 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T08:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z", "ms": -1405551641464.9292 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T10:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T08:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z", "ms": -1405551641464.9292 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T10:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-18T20:00:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T12:00:27Z", "ms": -1405511973464.352 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-18T21:22:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T13:22:59Z", "ms": -1405507021004.9558 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T20:00:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T12:00:42Z", "ms": -1405425557584.7314 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T21:23:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T13:23:14Z", "ms": -1405420605818.3933 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:59 on Thu 18 Jun to 10:23 on Fri 19 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-18T00:59:19Z → 1925-06-19T02:22:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:00–21:23 on the 18th, 20:01–21:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 83 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 08:59 on Thu 18 Jun to 10:23 on Fri 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-06-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31727, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T10:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T12:09:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-20T04:09:38Z", "ms": -1405367422458.2822 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T10:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z", "ms": -1405460234919.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T12:09:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-20T04:09:38Z", "ms": -1405367422458.2822 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-19T00:45:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T16:45:58Z", "ms": -1405494841741.6157 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-19T01:33:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-18T17:33:58Z", "ms": -1405491961741.6157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-20T00:46:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T16:46:12Z", "ms": -1405408428460.9639 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-20T01:34:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-19T17:34:12Z", "ms": -1405405548460.9639 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:23 on Fri 19 Jun to 12:10 on Sat 20 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-19T02:22:45Z → 1925-06-20T04:09:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:46–01:34 on the 18th, 00:46–01:34 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31727 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Friday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Friday 19 June. Caturdaśī runs from 10:23 on Fri 19 Jun to 12:10 on Sat 20 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11112, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T16:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z", "ms": -1405178403597.4907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T19:13:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-23T11:13:40Z", "ms": -1405082779962.1704 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T16:39:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z", "ms": -1405178403597.4907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T19:13:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-23T11:13:40Z", "ms": -1405082779962.1704 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-22T12:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-22T04:46:45Z", "ms": -1405192395309.4268 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-22T13:34:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-22T05:34:45Z", "ms": -1405189515309.4268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-23T12:46:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-23T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1405105982518.27 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-23T13:34:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-23T05:34:57Z", "ms": -1405103102518.27 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 16:40 on Mon 22 Jun to 19:14 on Tue 23 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-22T08:39:56Z → 1925-06-23T11:13:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 22nd, 12:47–13:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11112 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rathayātrā 1925 falls on Tuesday 23 June. Dvitīyā runs from 16:40 on Mon 22 Jun to 19:14 on Tue 23 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-06-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29715, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T21:50:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z", "ms": -1404986974953.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T00:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T21:50:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z", "ms": -1404986974953.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T00:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-24T12:47:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-24T04:47:10Z", "ms": -1405019569792.0142 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-24T13:35:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-24T05:35:10Z", "ms": -1405016689792.0142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-25T12:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T04:47:23Z", "ms": -1404933157157.3013 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-25T13:35:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T05:35:23Z", "ms": -1404930277157.3013 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Wed 24 Jun to 00:21 on Fri 26 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-24T13:50:25Z → 1925-06-25T16:20:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 24th, 12:47–13:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29715 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 25 June. Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Wed 24 Jun to 00:21 on Fri 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36830, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-26T00:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-27T02:33:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-26T18:33:58Z", "ms": -1404797162240.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-26T00:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z", "ms": -1404891553379.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-27T02:33:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-26T18:33:58Z", "ms": -1404797162240.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-26T12:47:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-26T04:47:35Z", "ms": -1404846744640.3386 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-26T13:35:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-26T05:35:35Z", "ms": -1404843864640.3386 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-27T12:47:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-27T04:47:48Z", "ms": -1404760332266.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-27T13:35:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-27T05:35:48Z", "ms": -1404757452266.7905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 00:21 on Fri 26 Jun to 02:34 on Sat 27 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-25T16:20:47Z → 1925-06-26T18:33:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 26th, 12:48–13:36 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36830 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Pañcamī 1925 falls on Friday 26 June. Pañcamī runs from 00:21 on Fri 26 Jun to 02:34 on Sat 27 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-06-28T04:18:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z", "ms": -1404704462898.2483 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-29T05:25:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-28T21:25:57Z", "ms": -1404614043142.3147 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-06-28T04:18:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z", "ms": -1404704462898.2483 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-29T05:25:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-28T21:25:57Z", "ms": -1404614043142.3147 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-28T12:48:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-28T04:48:00Z", "ms": -1404673920061.6694 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-28T13:36:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-28T05:36:00Z", "ms": -1404671040061.6694 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-06-29T12:48:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-29T04:48:12Z", "ms": -1404587508049.2212 }, "end": { "local": "1925-06-29T13:36:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-06-29T05:36:12Z", "ms": -1404584628049.2212 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:19 on Sun 28 Jun to 05:26 on Mon 29 Jun.", "fact": "1925-06-27T20:18:57Z → 1925-06-28T21:25:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 28th, 12:48–13:36 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vivasvat Saptamī 1925 falls on Sunday 28 June. Saptamī runs from 04:19 on Sun 28 Jun to 05:26 on Mon 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8284, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-02T04:04:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z", "ms": -1404359706687.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T02:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-02T18:03:44Z", "ms": -1404280575528.9614 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-02T04:04:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z", "ms": -1404359706687.2349 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T02:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-02T18:03:44Z", "ms": -1404280575528.9614 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-02T06:22:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-01T22:22:57Z", "ms": -1404351422938.9365 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-02T06:22:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-01T22:22:57Z", "ms": -1404351422938.9365 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T06:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-02T22:23:18Z", "ms": -1404265001745.8518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T06:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-02T22:23:18Z", "ms": -1404265001745.8518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:05 on Thu 2 Jul to 02:04 on Fri 3 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-01T20:04:53Z → 1925-07-02T18:03:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:23 on the 2nd and 06:23 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8284 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 2 July. Ekādaśī runs from 04:05 on Thu 2 Jul to 02:04 on Fri 3 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 568, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T23:23:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z", "ms": -1404203793232.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T20:12:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-04T12:12:04Z", "ms": -1404128875743.0598 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T23:23:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z", "ms": -1404203793232.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T20:12:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-04T12:12:04Z", "ms": -1404128875743.0598 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-03T20:02:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-03T12:02:37Z", "ms": -1404215843004.22 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-03T21:25:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-03T13:25:25Z", "ms": -1404210874595.6792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-04T20:02:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-04T12:02:37Z", "ms": -1404129443361.758 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-04T21:25:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-04T13:25:28Z", "ms": -1404124471919.854 } }, "covered_min": 9, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:23 on Fri 3 Jul to 20:12 on Sat 4 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-03T15:23:27Z → 1925-07-04T12:12:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:03–21:25 on the 3rd, 20:03–21:25 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 3rd and 9 of 83 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 568 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 4 July. Trayodaśī runs from 23:23 on Fri 3 Jul to 20:12 on Sat 4 Jul and covers 9 of 83 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T17:18:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T09:18:53Z", "ms": -1404052867454.688 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T20:02:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T12:02:35Z", "ms": -1404043044931.4907 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T17:18:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T09:18:55Z", "ms": -1403966465093.6335 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T20:02:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T12:02:32Z", "ms": -1403956647718.9375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:19–20:03 on the 5th, 17:19–20:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 164 of 164 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 164 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kokilā Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 5 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T20:02:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T12:02:35Z", "ms": -1404043044931.4907 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T21:25:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T13:25:30Z", "ms": -1404038070219.6143 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T20:02:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T12:02:32Z", "ms": -1403956647718.9375 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T21:25:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T13:25:30Z", "ms": -1403951669502.9114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:03–21:25 on the 5th, 20:03–21:26 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 83 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śiva Śayanotsava 1925 falls on Sunday 5 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T06:24:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-04T22:24:02Z", "ms": -1404092157547.477 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T09:07:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T01:07:45Z", "ms": -1404082335024.2798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T06:24:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T22:24:25Z", "ms": -1404005734592.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T09:08:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T01:08:03Z", "ms": -1403995917217.7212 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:24–09:08 on the 5th, 06:24–09:08 on the 6th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 164 minutes on the 5th and 164 of 164 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Kunming, 1925: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vyāsa Pūjā 1925 falls on Monday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T16:38:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1404055268851.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:53:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:53:37Z", "ms": -1403982383341.1907 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-05T12:49:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T04:49:19Z", "ms": -1404069041239.484 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-05T13:37:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-05T05:37:19Z", "ms": -1404066161239.484 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T12:49:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T04:49:29Z", "ms": -1403982631155.6772 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T13:37:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T05:37:29Z", "ms": -1403979751155.6772 } }, "covered_min": 4, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-05T08:38:51Z → 1925-07-06T04:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 5th, 12:49–13:37 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 4 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 248 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1925: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Guru Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Monday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Sun 5 Jul to 12:54 on Mon 6 Jul and covers 4 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 4 min 08 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T09:06:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z", "ms": -1403909621689.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T05:26:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T21:26:41Z", "ms": -1403836398908.5757 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T09:06:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z", "ms": -1403909621689.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T05:26:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T21:26:41Z", "ms": -1403836398908.5757 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-06T20:14:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T12:14:39Z", "ms": -1403955921113.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-06T20:14:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-06T12:14:39Z", "ms": -1403955921113.7551 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-07T21:14:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T13:14:26Z", "ms": -1403865933778.61 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-07T21:14:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-07T13:14:26Z", "ms": -1403865933778.61 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 09:06 on Tue 7 Jul to 05:27 on Wed 8 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-07T01:06:18Z → 1925-07-07T21:26:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:15 on the 6th and 21:14 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1925 falls on Tuesday 7 July. Dvitīyā runs from 09:06 on Tue 7 Jul to 05:27 on Wed 8 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-07-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 586, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-09T02:03:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z", "ms": -1403762160928.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T23:06:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-09T15:06:36Z", "ms": -1403686403600.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-09T02:03:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z", "ms": -1403762160928.2874 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T23:06:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-09T15:06:36Z", "ms": -1403686403600.235 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-08T22:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-08T14:08:29Z", "ms": -1403776290611.0278 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-08T22:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-08T14:08:29Z", "ms": -1403776290611.0278 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-09T22:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-09T14:56:51Z", "ms": -1403686989301.7368 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-09T22:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-09T14:56:51Z", "ms": -1403686989301.7368 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:04 on Thu 9 Jul to 23:07 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-08T18:03:59Z → 1925-07-09T15:06:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:08 on the 8th and 22:57 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 586 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 9 July. Caturthī runs from 02:04 on Thu 9 Jul to 23:07 on Thu 9 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-07-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36646, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-15T18:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z", "ms": -1403183594805.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T20:18:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-16T12:18:22Z", "ms": -1403091698094.7102 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-15T18:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z", "ms": -1403183594805.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T20:18:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-16T12:18:22Z", "ms": -1403091698094.7102 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-16T06:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-15T22:28:41Z", "ms": -1403141479418.7454 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-16T06:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-15T22:28:41Z", "ms": -1403141479418.7454 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T06:29:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-16T22:29:08Z", "ms": -1403055051917.1602 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-17T06:29:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-16T22:29:08Z", "ms": -1403055051917.1602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Wed 15 Jul to 20:18 on Thu 16 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-15T10:46:45Z → 1925-07-16T12:18:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:29 on the 16th and 06:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36646 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 16 July. Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Wed 15 Jul to 20:18 on Thu 16 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T22:16:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z", "ms": -1402998204773.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:34:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T22:16:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z", "ms": -1402998204773.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:34:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-17T20:00:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-17T12:00:40Z", "ms": -1403006359681.5583 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-17T21:24:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-17T13:24:32Z", "ms": -1403001328279.8298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-18T20:00:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T12:00:23Z", "ms": -1402919977320.7776 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-18T21:24:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T13:24:20Z", "ms": -1402914939838.275 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:17 on Fri 17 Jul to 00:34 on Sun 19 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-17T14:16:35Z → 1925-07-18T16:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:01–21:25 on the 17th, 20:00–21:24 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 17th and 84 of 84 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Saturday 18 July. Trayodaśī runs from 22:17 on Fri 17 Jul to 00:34 on Sun 19 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-07-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:34:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-20T03:04:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-19T19:04:23Z", "ms": -1402808136782.8918 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:34:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z", "ms": -1402903540769.515 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-20T03:04:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-19T19:04:23Z", "ms": -1402808136782.8918 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-19T00:51:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T16:51:13Z", "ms": -1402902526761.3928 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-19T01:39:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-18T17:39:13Z", "ms": -1402899646761.3928 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-20T00:51:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-19T16:51:18Z", "ms": -1402816122127.9539 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-20T01:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-19T17:39:18Z", "ms": -1402813242127.9539 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:34 on Sun 19 Jul to 03:04 on Mon 20 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-18T16:34:19Z → 1925-07-19T19:04:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:51–01:39 on the 18th, 00:51–01:39 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 18 July. Caturdaśī runs from 00:34 on Sun 19 Jul to 03:04 on Mon 20 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T10:38:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z", "ms": -1402521672901.3328 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:48:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T10:38:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z", "ms": -1402521672901.3328 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:48:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-23T12:51:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-23T04:51:17Z", "ms": -1402513723479.3909 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-23T13:39:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-23T05:39:17Z", "ms": -1402510843479.3909 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:51:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:51:18Z", "ms": -1402427321715.3953 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T13:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T05:39:18Z", "ms": -1402424441715.3953 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 10:39 on Thu 23 Jul to 12:48 on Fri 24 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-23T02:38:47Z → 1925-07-24T04:48:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 23rd, 12:51–13:39 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 170 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1925 falls on Thursday 23 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 10:39 on Thu 23 Jul to 12:48 on Fri 24 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 50 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-07-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:48:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T14:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:48:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z", "ms": -1402427491494.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T14:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-24T12:51:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T04:51:18Z", "ms": -1402427321715.3953 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-24T13:39:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-24T05:39:18Z", "ms": -1402424441715.3953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T12:51:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T04:51:19Z", "ms": -1402340920539.4727 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T13:39:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T05:39:19Z", "ms": -1402338040539.4727 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Fri 24 Jul to 14:35 on Sat 25 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-24T04:48:29Z → 1925-07-25T06:35:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 24th, 12:51–13:39 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 170 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 24 July. Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Fri 24 Jul to 14:35 on Sat 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 2 min 50 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3370, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T14:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T15:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": -1402243618432.3362 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T14:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z", "ms": -1402334670318.0527 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T15:53:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-26T07:53:02Z", "ms": -1402243618432.3362 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-25T12:51:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T04:51:19Z", "ms": -1402340920539.4727 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-25T13:39:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-25T05:39:19Z", "ms": -1402338040539.4727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-26T12:51:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-26T04:51:20Z", "ms": -1402254519960.2642 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-26T13:39:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-26T05:39:20Z", "ms": -1402251639960.2642 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:35 on Sat 25 Jul to 15:53 on Sun 26 Jul.", "fact": "1925-07-25T06:35:30Z → 1925-07-26T07:53:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 25th, 12:51–13:39 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3370 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-07-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī 1925 falls on Sunday 26 July. Pañcamī runs from 14:35 on Sat 25 Jul to 15:53 on Sun 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T12:32:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z", "ms": -1401823628191.089 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T09:55:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T12:32:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z", "ms": -1401823628191.089 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T09:55:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-07-31T06:35:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-30T22:35:47Z", "ms": -1401845053306.7698 }, "end": { "local": "1925-07-31T06:35:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-30T22:35:47Z", "ms": -1401845053306.7698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T06:36:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-31T22:36:15Z", "ms": -1401758624821.9216 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T06:36:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-07-31T22:36:15Z", "ms": -1401758624821.9216 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:33 on Fri 31 Jul to 09:56 on Sat 1 Aug.", "fact": "1925-07-31T04:32:52Z → 1925-08-01T01:55:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 31st and 06:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 1 August. Ekādaśī runs from 12:33 on Fri 31 Jul to 09:56 on Sat 1 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T09:55:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T06:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T09:55:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z", "ms": -1401746666919.3574 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T06:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T12:51:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T04:51:11Z", "ms": -1401736129332.6943 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T13:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T05:39:11Z", "ms": -1401733249332.6943 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T12:51:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T04:51:07Z", "ms": -1401649733055.6213 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T13:39:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T05:39:07Z", "ms": -1401646853055.6213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:56 on Sat 1 Aug to 06:49 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-01T01:55:33Z → 1925-08-01T22:49:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 1st, 12:51–13:39 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 1 August. Dvādaśī runs from 09:56 on Sat 1 Aug to 06:49 on Sun 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T06:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-03T03:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T19:22:00Z", "ms": -1401597479955.7686 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T06:49:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z", "ms": -1401671437935.496 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-03T03:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T19:22:00Z", "ms": -1401597479955.7686 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-01T19:54:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T11:54:06Z", "ms": -1401710753843.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-01T21:19:47+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-01T13:19:47Z", "ms": -1401705612855.572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-02T19:53:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T11:53:30Z", "ms": -1401624389676.9905 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-02T21:19:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T13:19:20Z", "ms": -1401619240140.6907 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:49 on Sun 2 Aug to 03:22 on Mon 3 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-01T22:49:22Z → 1925-08-02T19:22:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:54–21:20 on the 1st, 19:54–21:19 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 1st and 86 of 86 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 2 August. Trayodaśī runs from 06:49 on Sun 2 Aug to 03:22 on Mon 3 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T23:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T19:58:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T09:50:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T01:50:17Z", "ms": -1401487783010.5178 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T19:58:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T06:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-02T22:37:12Z", "ms": -1401585768154.7412 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T06:37:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T22:37:40Z", "ms": -1401499339992.1914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T06:37:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T22:37:40Z", "ms": -1401499339992.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-05T06:38:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T22:38:08Z", "ms": -1401412911953.455 } }, "covered_min": 609, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:42 on Mon 3 Aug to 19:59 on Tue 4 Aug. Its second half begins at 09:50 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z → 1925-08-04T11:58:50Z · second half from 1925-08-04T01:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:37 on the 3rd, and from 06:38 on the 4th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 0 of 1440 minutes on the 3rd and 609 of 1440 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1925 falls on Tuesday 4 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 09:50 on Tue 4 Aug to 19:59 on Tue 4 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22793, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T23:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T19:58:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T23:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z", "ms": -1401524275171.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T19:58:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T11:58:50Z", "ms": -1401451269520.2573 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-03T12:51:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T04:51:03Z", "ms": -1401563337390.7363 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-03T13:39:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-03T05:39:03Z", "ms": -1401560457390.7363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-04T12:50:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T04:50:58Z", "ms": -1401476942332.096 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-04T13:38:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-04T05:38:58Z", "ms": -1401474062332.096 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:42 on Mon 3 Aug to 19:59 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-03T15:42:05Z → 1925-08-04T11:58:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 3rd, 12:51–13:39 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22793 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1925 falls on Tuesday 4 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:42 on Mon 3 Aug to 19:59 on Tue 4 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15783, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T16:21:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z", "ms": -1401377890221.6704 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T13:00:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T16:21:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z", "ms": -1401377890221.6704 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T13:00:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-05T20:44:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-05T12:44:53Z", "ms": -1401362106767.265 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-05T20:44:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-05T12:44:53Z", "ms": -1401362106767.265 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T21:31:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T13:31:59Z", "ms": -1401272881185.9946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T21:31:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T13:31:59Z", "ms": -1401272881185.9946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 16:22 on Wed 5 Aug to 13:01 on Thu 6 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-05T08:21:50Z → 1925-08-06T05:00:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:45 on the 5th and 21:32 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15783 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 5 August. Dvitīyā runs from 16:22 on Wed 5 Aug to 13:01 on Thu 6 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 591, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T13:00:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T13:00:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z", "ms": -1401303562999.7986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T12:50:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T04:50:46Z", "ms": -1401304154003.6846 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T13:38:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T05:38:46Z", "ms": -1401301274003.6846 } }, "covered_min": 38, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T12:50:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T04:50:39Z", "ms": -1401217760717.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T13:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T05:38:39Z", "ms": -1401214880717.4043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:01 on Thu 6 Aug to 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-06T05:00:37Z → 1925-08-07T02:04:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 6th, 12:51–13:39 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 38 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 591 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1925 falls on Thursday 6 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:01 on Thu 6 Aug to 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug and covers 38 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T07:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T07:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T17:12:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T09:12:01Z", "ms": -1401202079386.8757 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T19:50:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T11:50:15Z", "ms": -1401192585166.5234 } }, "covered_min": 158, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-08T17:11:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-08T09:11:32Z", "ms": -1401115707629.8647 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T19:49:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-08T11:49:33Z", "ms": -1401106227379.5652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug to 07:42 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z → 1925-08-07T23:41:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:12–19:50 on the 7th, 17:12–19:50 on the 8th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 158 of 158 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 158 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bahulā Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug to 07:42 on Sat 8 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-08-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34011, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T07:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T10:04:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z", "ms": -1401227732224.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-08T07:41:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T23:41:53Z", "ms": -1401149887230.7234 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-06T21:31:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T13:31:59Z", "ms": -1401272881185.9946 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-06T21:31:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-06T13:31:59Z", "ms": -1401272881185.9946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-07T22:15:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T14:15:01Z", "ms": -1401183898725.4763 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-07T22:15:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-07T14:15:01Z", "ms": -1401183898725.4763 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug to 07:42 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-07T02:04:28Z → 1925-08-07T23:41:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:32 on the 6th and 22:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34011 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Friday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Fri 7 Aug to 07:42 on Sat 8 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24621, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T06:00:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z", "ms": -1401069596960.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T05:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T06:00:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z", "ms": -1401069596960.4553 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T05:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-09T12:50:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T04:50:24Z", "ms": -1401044975859.5366 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-09T13:38:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T05:38:24Z", "ms": -1401042095859.5366 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T12:50:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T04:50:16Z", "ms": -1400958584272.7126 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T13:38:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T05:38:16Z", "ms": -1400955704272.7126 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:00 on Sun 9 Aug to 05:04 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-08T22:00:03Z → 1925-08-09T21:04:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 9th, 12:50–13:38 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24621 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Sunday 9 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:00 on Sun 9 Aug to 05:04 on Mon 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T05:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T04:56:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T05:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z", "ms": -1400986552320.4265 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T04:56:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-10T12:50:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T04:50:16Z", "ms": -1400958584272.7126 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-10T13:38:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T05:38:16Z", "ms": -1400955704272.7126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T12:50:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T04:50:07Z", "ms": -1400872193237.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T13:38:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T05:38:07Z", "ms": -1400869313237.9373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:04 on Mon 10 Aug to 04:56 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-09T21:04:08Z → 1925-08-10T20:56:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 10th, 12:50–13:38 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalā Saptamī 1925 falls on Monday 10 August. Saptamī runs from 05:04 on Mon 10 Aug to 04:56 on Tue 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T04:56:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T05:36:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T21:36:05Z", "ms": -1400811834647.087 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T04:56:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z", "ms": -1400900611092.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T05:36:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T21:36:05Z", "ms": -1400811834647.087 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-11T00:50:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T16:50:29Z", "ms": -1400915370677.7324 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-11T01:38:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-10T17:38:29Z", "ms": -1400912490677.7324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-12T00:50:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T16:50:20Z", "ms": -1400828979723.6091 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-12T01:38:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-11T17:38:20Z", "ms": -1400826099723.6091 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:56 on Tue 11 Aug to 05:36 on Wed 12 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-10T20:56:29Z → 1925-08-11T21:36:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:50–01:38 on the 10th, 00:50–01:38 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Janmāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:56 on Tue 11 Aug to 05:36 on Wed 12 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7977, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T08:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z", "ms": -1400627088838.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T11:16:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-15T03:16:30Z", "ms": -1400532209823.8137 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T08:55:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z", "ms": -1400627088838.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T11:16:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-15T03:16:30Z", "ms": -1400532209823.8137 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-14T06:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-13T22:42:14Z", "ms": -1400635066025.7888 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-14T06:42:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-13T22:42:14Z", "ms": -1400635066025.7888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-15T06:42:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-14T22:42:40Z", "ms": -1400548639518.8418 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-15T06:42:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-14T22:42:40Z", "ms": -1400548639518.8418 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:55 on Fri 14 Aug to 11:17 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-14T00:55:11Z → 1925-08-15T03:16:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 14th and 06:43 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7977 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ajā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 15 August. Ekādaśī runs from 08:55 on Fri 14 Aug to 11:17 on Sat 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11664, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T13:51:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z", "ms": -1400436536291.275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T13:51:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z", "ms": -1400436536291.275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-16T19:43:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-16T11:43:21Z", "ms": -1400415399033.718 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-16T21:11:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-16T13:11:23Z", "ms": -1400410117438.1733 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T19:42:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T11:42:31Z", "ms": -1400329049442.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T21:10:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T13:10:42Z", "ms": -1400323757668.0562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:51 on Sun 16 Aug to 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-16T05:51:04Z → 1925-08-17T08:28:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:43–21:11 on the 16th, 19:43–21:11 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 88 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11664 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 16 August. Trayodaśī runs from 13:51 on Sun 16 Aug to 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T18:58:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T18:58:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T19:42:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T11:42:31Z", "ms": -1400329049442.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-17T21:10:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T13:10:42Z", "ms": -1400323757668.0562 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-18T19:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T11:41:39Z", "ms": -1400242700666.0159 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T21:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T13:10:01Z", "ms": -1400237398630.1892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug to 18:58 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z → 1925-08-18T10:58:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:43–21:11 on the 17th, 19:42–21:10 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 88 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aghora Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Monday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug to 18:58 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-08-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T18:58:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-17T16:28:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z", "ms": -1400340713067.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T18:58:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T10:58:24Z", "ms": -1400245296497.4966 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-18T00:49:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T16:49:15Z", "ms": -1400310645287.5525 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-18T01:37:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-17T17:37:15Z", "ms": -1400307765287.5525 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T00:49:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T16:49:02Z", "ms": -1400224258031.6655 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-19T01:37:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-18T17:37:02Z", "ms": -1400221378031.6655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug to 18:58 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-17T08:28:07Z → 1925-08-18T10:58:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:49–01:37 on the 17th, 00:49–01:37 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Monday 17 August. Caturdaśī runs from 16:28 on Mon 17 Aug to 18:58 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27479, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T21:14:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z", "ms": -1400150725367.7886 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T23:11:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-20T15:11:17Z", "ms": -1400057322894.7183 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T21:14:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z", "ms": -1400150725367.7886 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T23:11:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-20T15:11:17Z", "ms": -1400057322894.7183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-19T12:48:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-19T04:48:36Z", "ms": -1400181084040.6997 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-19T13:36:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-19T05:36:36Z", "ms": -1400178204040.6997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-20T12:48:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-20T04:48:22Z", "ms": -1400094697671.636 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-20T13:36:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-20T05:36:22Z", "ms": -1400091817671.636 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:15 on Wed 19 Aug to 23:11 on Thu 20 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-19T13:14:35Z → 1925-08-20T15:11:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 19th, 12:48–13:36 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27479 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rudra Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 20 August. Pratipadā runs from 21:15 on Wed 19 Aug to 23:11 on Thu 20 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39338, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T00:44:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z", "ms": -1399965318962.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T01:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T00:44:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z", "ms": -1399965318962.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T01:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-22T12:47:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T04:47:54Z", "ms": -1399921926367.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-22T13:35:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T05:35:54Z", "ms": -1399919046367.8813 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T12:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T04:47:39Z", "ms": -1399835541414.9143 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T13:35:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T05:35:39Z", "ms": -1399832661414.9143 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:45 on Sat 22 Aug to 01:52 on Sun 23 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-21T16:44:41Z → 1925-08-22T17:52:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 22nd, 12:48–13:36 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39338 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1925 falls on Saturday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:45 on Sat 22 Aug to 01:52 on Sun 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T01:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T02:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T01:52:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z", "ms": -1399874879318.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T02:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-23T12:47:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T04:47:39Z", "ms": -1399835541414.9143 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-23T13:35:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T05:35:39Z", "ms": -1399832661414.9143 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T12:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T04:47:23Z", "ms": -1399749156914.604 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T13:35:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T05:35:23Z", "ms": -1399746276914.604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:52 on Sun 23 Aug to 02:31 on Mon 24 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-22T17:52:01Z → 1925-08-23T18:31:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 23rd, 12:47–13:35 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1925 falls on Sunday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 01:52 on Sun 23 Aug to 02:31 on Mon 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T02:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T02:40:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T02:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z", "ms": -1399786130596.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T02:40:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-24T12:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T04:47:23Z", "ms": -1399749156914.604 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-24T13:35:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T05:35:23Z", "ms": -1399746276914.604 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T12:47:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T04:47:07Z", "ms": -1399662772856.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T13:35:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T05:35:07Z", "ms": -1399659892856.0083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:31 on Mon 24 Aug to 02:40 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-23T18:31:09Z → 1925-08-24T18:40:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 24th, 12:47–13:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 36401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1925 falls on Monday 24 August. Pañcamī runs from 02:31 on Mon 24 Aug to 02:40 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T02:40:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T02:18:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T02:40:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z", "ms": -1399699174331.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T02:18:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-25T12:47:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T04:47:07Z", "ms": -1399662772856.0083 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-25T13:35:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T05:35:07Z", "ms": -1399659892856.0083 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T12:46:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T04:46:51Z", "ms": -1399576389227.269 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T13:34:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T05:34:51Z", "ms": -1399573509227.269 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:40 on Tue 25 Aug to 02:19 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-24T18:40:26Z → 1925-08-25T18:18:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 25th, 12:47–13:35 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1925 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:40 on Tue 25 Aug to 02:19 on Wed 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T02:18:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T01:24:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T02:18:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z", "ms": -1399614087777.0962 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T01:24:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T12:46:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T04:46:51Z", "ms": -1399576389227.269 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T13:34:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T05:34:51Z", "ms": -1399573509227.269 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-27T12:46:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T04:46:34Z", "ms": -1399490006015.482 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T13:34:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T05:34:34Z", "ms": -1399487126015.482 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:19 on Wed 26 Aug to 01:25 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-25T18:18:32Z → 1925-08-26T17:24:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 26th, 12:47–13:35 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1925 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Saptamī runs from 02:19 on Wed 26 Aug to 01:25 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-27T01:24:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T23:59:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T15:59:17Z", "ms": -1399449642890.1433 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-27T01:24:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z", "ms": -1399530913535.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T23:59:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T15:59:17Z", "ms": -1399449642890.1433 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-26T12:46:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T04:46:51Z", "ms": -1399576389227.269 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-26T13:34:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-26T05:34:51Z", "ms": -1399573509227.269 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-27T12:46:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T04:46:34Z", "ms": -1399490006015.482 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-27T13:34:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-27T05:34:34Z", "ms": -1399487126015.482 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:25 on Thu 27 Aug to 23:59 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-26T17:24:46Z → 1925-08-27T15:59:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 26th, 12:47–13:35 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rādhāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Thursday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:25 on Thu 27 Aug to 23:59 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36195, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T19:39:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z", "ms": -1399292423061.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T16:52:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T19:39:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z", "ms": -1399292423061.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T16:52:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-29T06:48:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-28T22:48:31Z", "ms": -1399338689446.513 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-29T06:48:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-28T22:48:31Z", "ms": -1399338689446.513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T06:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-29T22:48:54Z", "ms": -1399252265962.872 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T06:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-29T22:48:54Z", "ms": -1399252265962.872 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 29 Aug to 16:52 on Sun 30 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-29T11:39:37Z → 1925-08-30T08:52:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 29th and 06:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36195 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 30 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 29 Aug to 16:52 on Sun 30 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 783, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T16:52:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T13:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T16:52:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z", "ms": -1399216071392.219 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T13:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-30T12:45:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T04:45:41Z", "ms": -1399230858734.3276 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-30T13:33:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-30T05:33:41Z", "ms": -1399227978734.3276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T12:45:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T04:45:23Z", "ms": -1399144477035.8965 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T13:33:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:33:23Z", "ms": -1399141597035.8965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 16:52 on Sun 30 Aug to 13:46 on Mon 31 Aug.", "fact": "1925-08-30T08:52:09Z → 1925-08-31T05:46:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 30th, 12:45–13:33 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 783 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vāmana Jayantī 1925 falls on Monday 31 August. Dvādaśī runs from 16:52 on Sun 30 Aug to 13:46 on Mon 31 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20583, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T13:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T10:29:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T13:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z", "ms": -1399140814531.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T10:29:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-08-31T19:29:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T11:29:29Z", "ms": -1399120231412.5867 }, "end": { "local": "1925-08-31T21:00:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T13:00:10Z", "ms": -1399114789827.5002 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T19:28:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T11:28:28Z", "ms": -1399033891815.7983 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T20:59:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T12:59:21Z", "ms": -1399028439113.107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:46 on Mon 31 Aug to 10:29 on Tue 1 Sep.", "fact": "1925-08-31T05:46:25Z → 1925-09-01T02:29:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:29–21:00 on the 31st, 19:28–20:59 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20583 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Monday 31 August. Trayodaśī runs from 13:46 on Mon 31 Aug to 10:29 on Tue 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T10:29:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T07:08:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T23:08:27Z", "ms": -1398991893000.0483 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T10:29:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z", "ms": -1399066245915.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T07:08:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T23:08:27Z", "ms": -1398991893000.0483 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-01T06:49:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-08-31T22:49:40Z", "ms": -1399079419524.439 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-01T09:21:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T01:21:26Z", "ms": -1399070313982.711 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-02T06:50:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-01T22:50:03Z", "ms": -1398992996545.6133 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-02T09:21:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-02T01:21:32Z", "ms": -1398983907773.7917 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:29 on Tue 1 Sep to 07:08 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-01T02:29:14Z → 1925-09-01T23:08:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:50–09:21 on the 1st, 06:50–09:22 on the 2nd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 152 minutes on the 1st and 18 of 151 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ananta Caturdaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Caturdaśī runs from 10:29 on Tue 1 Sep to 07:08 on Wed 2 Sep, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-09-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4658, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T20:09:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z", "ms": -1398685806877.848 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T18:46:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-06T10:46:27Z", "ms": -1398604413215.6448 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T20:09:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z", "ms": -1398685806877.848 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T18:46:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-06T10:46:27Z", "ms": -1398604413215.6448 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-05T21:27:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-05T13:27:31Z", "ms": -1398681149129.6912 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-05T21:27:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-05T13:27:31Z", "ms": -1398681149129.6912 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-06T22:06:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-06T14:06:59Z", "ms": -1398592380692.871 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-06T22:06:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-06T14:06:59Z", "ms": -1398592380692.871 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:10 on Sat 5 Sep to 18:46 on Sun 6 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-05T12:09:53Z → 1925-09-06T10:46:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:28 on the 5th and 22:07 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4658 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 5 September. Caturthī runs from 20:10 on Sat 5 Sep to 18:46 on Sun 6 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-09-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T18:09:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z", "ms": -1398520208408.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T18:22:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-08T10:22:55Z", "ms": -1398433024681.137 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T18:09:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z", "ms": -1398520208408.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T18:22:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-08T10:22:55Z", "ms": -1398433024681.137 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-07T22:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-07T14:46:39Z", "ms": -1398503600535.4124 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-07T22:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-07T14:46:39Z", "ms": -1398503600535.4124 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-08T23:27:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-08T15:27:22Z", "ms": -1398414758053.421 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-08T23:27:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-08T15:27:22Z", "ms": -1398414758053.421 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:10 on Mon 7 Sep to 18:23 on Tue 8 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-07T10:09:52Z → 1925-09-08T10:22:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:47 on the 7th and 23:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Monday 7 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:10 on Mon 7 Sep to 18:23 on Tue 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T21:08:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T21:08:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-10T00:09:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T16:09:46Z", "ms": -1398325814316.146 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T00:09:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T16:09:46Z", "ms": -1398325814316.146 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-11T00:54:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T16:54:15Z", "ms": -1398236745021.5154 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-11T00:54:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T16:54:15Z", "ms": -1398236745021.5154 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:24 on Wed 9 Sep to 21:08 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z → 1925-09-10T13:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:10 on the 9th and 00:54 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1925 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:24 on Wed 9 Sep to 21:08 on Thu 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T21:08:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1398342941230.443 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T21:08:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T13:08:03Z", "ms": -1398250317050.89 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-09T19:20:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T11:20:11Z", "ms": -1398343189463.6755 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-09T20:52:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-09T12:52:34Z", "ms": -1398337646407.1143 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-10T19:19:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T11:19:07Z", "ms": -1398256853057.1482 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-10T20:51:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-10T12:51:41Z", "ms": -1398251298557.135 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:24 on Wed 9 Sep to 21:08 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-09T11:24:19Z → 1925-09-10T13:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:53 on the 9th, 19:19–20:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 92 minutes on the 9th and 93 of 93 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 248 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1925 falls on Thursday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:24 on Wed 9 Sep to 21:08 on Thu 10 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 88 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 08 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-13T01:58:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z", "ms": -1398060118323.986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-14T04:36:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-13T20:36:22Z", "ms": -1397964218258.5066 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-13T01:58:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z", "ms": -1398060118323.986 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-14T04:36:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-13T20:36:22Z", "ms": -1397964218258.5066 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-13T06:54:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-12T22:54:10Z", "ms": -1398042349887.5466 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-13T06:54:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-12T22:54:10Z", "ms": -1398042349887.5466 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-14T06:54:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-13T22:54:32Z", "ms": -1397955927677.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-14T06:54:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-13T22:54:32Z", "ms": -1397955927677.8179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:58 on Sun 13 Sep to 04:36 on Mon 14 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-12T17:58:02Z → 1925-09-13T20:36:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:54 on the 13th and 06:55 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Indirā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Sunday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 01:58 on Sun 13 Sep to 04:36 on Mon 14 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T07:05:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z", "ms": -1397868869404.2761 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T09:15:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T07:05:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z", "ms": -1397868869404.2761 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T09:15:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-15T19:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-15T11:13:46Z", "ms": -1397825173845.432 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-15T20:47:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-15T12:47:18Z", "ms": -1397819561760.041 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T19:12:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T11:12:42Z", "ms": -1397738838396.8528 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T20:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T12:46:25Z", "ms": -1397733214733.3923 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:06 on Tue 15 Sep to 09:15 on Wed 16 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-14T23:05:31Z → 1925-09-16T01:15:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:47 on the 15th, 19:13–20:46 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 94 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Tuesday 15 September. Trayodaśī runs from 07:06 on Tue 15 Sep to 09:15 on Wed 16 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-09-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27994, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T09:15:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T10:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T09:15:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z", "ms": -1397774694188.6694 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T10:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-16T00:40:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-15T16:40:31Z", "ms": -1397805568525.216 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-16T01:28:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-15T17:28:31Z", "ms": -1397802688525.216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T00:40:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T16:40:10Z", "ms": -1397719189658.8762 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T01:28:10+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-16T17:28:10Z", "ms": -1397716309658.8762 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:15 on Wed 16 Sep to 10:58 on Thu 17 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-16T01:15:06Z → 1925-09-17T02:58:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:41–01:29 on the 15th, 00:40–01:28 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27994 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Wednesday 16 September. Caturdaśī runs from 09:15 on Wed 16 Sep to 10:58 on Thu 17 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7468, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T10:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T10:58:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z", "ms": -1397682095415.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-17T14:17:14+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T06:17:14Z", "ms": -1397670166182.6812 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-17T16:44:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-17T08:44:25Z", "ms": -1397661334603.275 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T14:16:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T06:16:44Z", "ms": -1397583796058.3772 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T16:43:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T08:43:38Z", "ms": -1397574981880.7415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:58 on Thu 17 Sep to 12:12 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-17T02:58:25Z → 1925-09-18T04:12:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:17–16:44 on the 17th, 14:17–16:44 on the 18th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 147 of 147 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 147 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7468 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1925 falls on Thursday 17 September. Amāvasyā runs from 10:58 on Thu 17 Sep to 12:12 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T12:56:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-19T04:56:19Z", "ms": -1397502220530.8928 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z", "ms": -1397591263629.64 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T12:56:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-19T04:56:19Z", "ms": -1397502220530.8928 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-18T12:39:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T04:39:17Z", "ms": -1397589643147.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-18T13:27:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-18T05:27:17Z", "ms": -1397586763147.1948 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-19T12:38:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-19T04:38:56Z", "ms": -1397503264308.6748 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-19T13:26:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-19T05:26:56Z", "ms": -1397500384308.6748 } }, "covered_min": 17, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:12 on Fri 18 Sep to 12:56 on Sat 19 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-18T04:12:16Z → 1925-09-19T04:56:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 18th, 12:39–13:27 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 17 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1925 falls on Saturday 19 September. Pratipadā runs from 12:12 on Fri 18 Sep to 12:56 on Sat 19 Sep and covers 17 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-09-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 589, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T13:01:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z", "ms": -1397329092452.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T12:28:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-22T04:28:04Z", "ms": -1397244716420.8838 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T13:01:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z", "ms": -1397329092452.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T12:28:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-22T04:28:04Z", "ms": -1397244716420.8838 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-21T12:38:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-21T04:38:13Z", "ms": -1397330506524.977 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-21T13:26:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-21T05:26:13Z", "ms": -1397327626524.977 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-22T12:37:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-22T04:37:52Z", "ms": -1397244127546.115 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-22T13:25:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-22T05:25:52Z", "ms": -1397241247546.115 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Mon 21 Sep to 12:28 on Tue 22 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-21T05:01:48Z → 1925-09-22T04:28:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 21st, 12:38–13:26 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 24 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 589 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-21", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 21 September. Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Mon 21 Sep to 12:28 on Tue 22 Sep and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3441, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1397079718962.941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T08:44:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T10:18:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z", "ms": -1397079718962.941 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T08:44:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-24T06:58:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-23T22:58:17Z", "ms": -1397091703088.5254 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-24T07:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-23T23:46:40Z", "ms": -1397088799920.388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T06:58:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-24T22:58:40Z", "ms": -1397005280151.9194 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T07:46:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-24T23:46:57Z", "ms": -1397002382805.1619 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:18 on Thu 24 Sep to 08:44 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-24T02:18:01Z → 1925-09-25T00:44:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:58–07:47 on the 24th, 06:59–07:47 on the 25th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3441 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Saptamī 1925 falls on Friday 25 September. Saptamī runs from 10:18 on Thu 24 Sep to 08:44 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T08:44:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T06:52:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T08:44:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z", "ms": -1396998941852.188 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T06:52:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-25T12:36:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T04:36:50Z", "ms": -1396984990051.2373 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-25T13:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T05:24:50Z", "ms": -1396982110051.2373 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T12:36:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T04:36:29Z", "ms": -1396898610638.003 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T13:24:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T05:24:29Z", "ms": -1396895730638.003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:44 on Fri 25 Sep to 06:53 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-25T00:44:18Z → 1925-09-25T22:52:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 25th, 12:36–13:24 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1925 falls on Friday 25 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:44 on Fri 25 Sep to 06:53 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T06:52:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T04:44:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T06:52:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z", "ms": -1396919237696.9822 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T04:44:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-26T12:36:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T04:36:29Z", "ms": -1396898610638.003 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-26T13:24:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T05:24:29Z", "ms": -1396895730638.003 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1396812231067.3037 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T13:24:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T05:24:09Z", "ms": -1396809351067.3037 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 06:53 on Sat 26 Sep to 04:44 on Sun 27 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-25T22:52:42Z → 1925-09-26T20:44:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 26th, 12:36–13:24 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahānavamī 1925 falls on Saturday 26 September. Navamī runs from 06:53 on Sat 26 Sep to 04:44 on Sun 27 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16706, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T04:44:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T02:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T04:44:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z", "ms": -1396840535104.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T02:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-27T12:36:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T04:36:09Z", "ms": -1396812231067.3037 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-27T13:24:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T05:24:09Z", "ms": -1396809351067.3037 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-28T12:35:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T04:35:49Z", "ms": -1396725851317.558 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T13:23:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T05:23:49Z", "ms": -1396722971317.558 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 04:44 on Sun 27 Sep to 02:21 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-26T20:44:25Z → 1925-09-27T18:21:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 27th, 12:36–13:24 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16706 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1925 falls on Sunday 27 September. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 04:44 on Sun 27 Sep to 02:21 on Mon 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16706, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-28T02:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T23:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T15:46:46Z", "ms": -1396685594353.8118 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-28T02:21:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z", "ms": -1396762716390.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T23:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T15:46:46Z", "ms": -1396685594353.8118 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-28T06:59:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T22:59:50Z", "ms": -1396746010495.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-28T06:59:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-27T22:59:50Z", "ms": -1396746010495.7805 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T07:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T23:00:13Z", "ms": -1396659586945.6658 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-29T07:00:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-28T23:00:13Z", "ms": -1396659586945.6658 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:21 on Mon 28 Sep to 23:47 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-27T18:21:24Z → 1925-09-28T15:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:00 on the 28th and 07:00 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16706 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Monday 28 September. Ekādaśī runs from 02:21 on Mon 28 Sep to 23:47 on Mon 28 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-09-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T21:05:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z", "ms": -1396608898626.552 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T18:22:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-30T10:22:07Z", "ms": -1396532273126.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T21:05:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z", "ms": -1396608898626.552 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T18:22:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-30T10:22:07Z", "ms": -1396532273126.7087 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-29T18:58:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-29T10:58:44Z", "ms": -1396616475786.4705 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-29T20:34:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-29T12:34:59Z", "ms": -1396610700775.1912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-09-30T18:57:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-30T10:57:41Z", "ms": -1396530139176.3625 }, "end": { "local": "1925-09-30T20:34:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-09-30T12:34:07Z", "ms": -1396524352518.9531 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:05 on Tue 29 Sep to 18:22 on Wed 30 Sep.", "fact": "1925-09-29T13:05:01Z → 1925-09-30T10:22:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:35 on the 29th, 18:58–20:34 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 96 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Trayodaśī runs from 21:05 on Tue 29 Sep to 18:22 on Wed 30 Sep, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42192, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T09:06:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T09:03:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T09:06:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T09:03:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-04T20:39:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-04T12:39:15Z", "ms": -1396178445341.1821 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-04T20:39:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-04T12:39:15Z", "ms": -1396178445341.1821 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T21:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T13:20:08Z", "ms": -1396089591506.12 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-05T21:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T13:20:08Z", "ms": -1396089591506.12 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:07 on Mon 5 Oct to 09:03 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z → 1925-10-06T01:03:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 4th and 21:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 42192 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1925 falls on Monday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 09:07 on Mon 5 Oct to 09:03 on Tue 6 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-10-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42192, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T09:06:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T09:03:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T09:06:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z", "ms": -1396133587258.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-06T09:03:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-06T01:03:20Z", "ms": -1396047399632.3901 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-04T20:39:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-04T12:39:15Z", "ms": -1396178445341.1821 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-04T20:39:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-04T12:39:15Z", "ms": -1396178445341.1821 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-05T21:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T13:20:08Z", "ms": -1396089591506.12 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-05T21:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-05T13:20:08Z", "ms": -1396089591506.12 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:07 on Mon 5 Oct to 09:03 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-05T01:06:53Z → 1925-10-06T01:03:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 4th and 21:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 42192 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Monday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 09:07 on Mon 5 Oct to 09:03 on Tue 6 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33659, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-09T13:20:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z", "ms": -1395772750141.517 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-10T15:51:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-10T07:51:08Z", "ms": -1395677332153.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-09T13:20:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z", "ms": -1395772750141.517 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-10T15:51:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-10T07:51:08Z", "ms": -1395677332153.4822 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-10T00:22:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-09T16:22:04Z", "ms": -1395733076423.2683 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-10T00:22:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-09T16:22:04Z", "ms": -1395733076423.2683 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-11T01:12:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-10T17:12:06Z", "ms": -1395643673535.8958 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-11T01:12:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-10T17:12:06Z", "ms": -1395643673535.8958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:21 on Fri 9 Oct to 15:51 on Sat 10 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-09T05:20:50Z → 1925-10-10T07:51:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:22 on the 9th and 01:12 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33659 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1925 falls on Friday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:21 on Fri 9 Oct to 15:51 on Sat 10 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28416, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-12T21:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z", "ms": -1395485846509.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T23:13:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-12T21:02:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z", "ms": -1395485846509.4595 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T23:13:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T07:06:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-12T23:06:11Z", "ms": -1395449628756.317 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T07:06:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-12T23:06:11Z", "ms": -1395449628756.317 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T07:06:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T23:06:39Z", "ms": -1395363200534.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T07:06:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T23:06:39Z", "ms": -1395363200534.6475 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:03 on Mon 12 Oct to 23:13 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-12T13:02:33Z → 1925-10-13T15:13:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 13th and 07:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28416 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Tuesday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ramā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Tuesday 13 October. Ekādaśī runs from 21:03 on Mon 12 Oct to 23:13 on Tue 13 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10173, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T23:13:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T23:13:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z", "ms": -1395391616450.1658 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-13T18:44:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T10:44:34Z", "ms": -1395407726279.81 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-13T20:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-13T12:23:30Z", "ms": -1395401789513.7883 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T18:43:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T10:43:37Z", "ms": -1395321382994.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T20:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T12:22:45Z", "ms": -1395315434848.934 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:13 on Tue 13 Oct to 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-13T15:13:04Z → 1925-10-14T16:51:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:24 on the 13th, 18:44–20:23 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 13th and 99 of 99 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10173 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1925 falls on Wednesday 14 October. Dvādaśī runs from 23:13 on Tue 13 Oct to 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T18:43:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T10:43:37Z", "ms": -1395321382994.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T20:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T12:22:45Z", "ms": -1395315434848.934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T18:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T10:42:41Z", "ms": -1395235039028.964 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T20:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T12:22:00Z", "ms": -1395229079539.3284 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct to 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z → 1925-10-15T17:53:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:23 on the 14th, 18:43–20:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 99 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dīpadāna 1925 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct to 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T00:51:48+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z", "ms": -1395299292230.6511 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-14T18:43:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T10:43:37Z", "ms": -1395321382994.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-14T20:22:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-14T12:22:45Z", "ms": -1395315434848.934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-15T18:42:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T10:42:41Z", "ms": -1395235039028.964 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-15T20:22:00+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T12:22:00Z", "ms": -1395229079539.3284 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct to 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-14T16:51:48Z → 1925-10-15T17:53:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:23 on the 14th, 18:43–20:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 14th and 99 of 99 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 15 Oct to 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11487, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T05:28:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T21:28:18Z", "ms": -1395196302346.3318 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T07:07:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T23:07:37Z", "ms": -1395190342856.696 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T05:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T21:28:36Z", "ms": -1395109884184.4407 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T07:08:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T23:08:07Z", "ms": -1395103913388.3708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct to 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z → 1925-10-16T18:17:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:28–07:08 on the 16th, 05:29–07:08 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 100 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11487 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1925 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct to 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-10-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2057, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:53:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z", "ms": -1395209194171.6113 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T00:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T16:31:09Z", "ms": -1395214130942.83 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T01:19:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-15T17:19:09Z", "ms": -1395211250942.83 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T00:30:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T16:30:56Z", "ms": -1395127743873.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T01:18:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T17:18:56Z", "ms": -1395124863873.6323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct to 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-15T17:53:26Z → 1925-10-16T18:17:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:31–01:19 on the 15th, 00:31–01:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2057 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 16 Oct to 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-16T18:41:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T10:41:46Z", "ms": -1395148694358.894 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-16T20:21:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T12:21:16Z", "ms": -1395142723562.8242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T18:40:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T10:40:51Z", "ms": -1395062348959.9624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T20:20:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T12:20:33Z", "ms": -1395056366897.8733 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct to 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z → 1925-10-17T18:05:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:21 on the 16th, 18:41–20:21 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 16th and 100 of 100 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1925 falls on Saturday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct to 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2812, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T02:17:09+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z", "ms": -1395121371477.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T00:30:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T16:30:56Z", "ms": -1395127743873.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T01:18:56+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-16T17:18:56Z", "ms": -1395124863873.6323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T00:30:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T16:30:44Z", "ms": -1395041356227.1282 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T01:18:44+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T17:18:44Z", "ms": -1395038476227.1282 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct to 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-16T18:17:09Z → 1925-10-17T18:05:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:31–01:19 on the 16th, 00:31–01:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2812 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kālī Pūjā 1925 falls on Saturday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 02:17 on Sat 17 Oct to 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37481, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T12:30:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T04:30:17Z", "ms": -1394998183151.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T13:18:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T05:18:17Z", "ms": -1394995303151.3728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T12:30:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T04:30:05Z", "ms": -1394911794526.081 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T13:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T05:18:05Z", "ms": -1394908914526.081 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 18th, 12:30–13:18 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37481 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govardhana Pūjā 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-17T18:40:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T10:40:51Z", "ms": -1395062348959.9624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-17T20:20:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T12:20:33Z", "ms": -1395056366897.8733 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T18:39:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T10:39:57Z", "ms": -1394976002808.4517 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T20:19:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T12:19:50Z", "ms": -1394970009523.4805 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:21 on the 17th, 18:40–20:20 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bali Pūjā 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T02:05:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1395035664082.238 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T07:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-17T23:08:37Z", "ms": -1395017483494.294 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T10:59:03+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T02:59:03Z", "ms": -1395003656599.0132 } }, "covered_min": 230, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T07:09:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T23:09:07Z", "ms": -1394931053171.1675 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T10:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T02:59:06Z", "ms": -1394917254074.443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-17T18:05:36Z → 1925-10-18T17:23:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:09–10:59 on the 18th, 07:09–10:59 on the 19th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 230 of 230 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 230 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18181 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dyūta Pratipad 1925 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 02:06 on Sun 18 Oct to 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39554, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T00:17:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T16:17:20Z", "ms": -1394869360092.2295 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T01:23:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z", "ms": -1394951778613.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T00:17:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T16:17:20Z", "ms": -1394869360092.2295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-18T12:30:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T04:30:17Z", "ms": -1394998183151.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-18T13:18:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-18T05:18:17Z", "ms": -1394995303151.3728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-19T12:30:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T04:30:05Z", "ms": -1394911794526.081 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-19T13:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-19T05:18:05Z", "ms": -1394908914526.081 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct to 00:17 on Tue 20 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-18T17:23:41Z → 1925-10-19T16:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 18th, 12:30–13:18 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39554 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Kunming, 1925: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1925 falls on Monday 19 October. Dvitīyā runs from 01:24 on Mon 19 Oct to 00:17 on Tue 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28604, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T22:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T21:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T22:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T21:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T12:29:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T04:29:55Z", "ms": -1394825405285.518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T13:17:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T05:17:55Z", "ms": -1394822525285.518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-21T12:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T04:29:45Z", "ms": -1394739015417.2544 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T13:17:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T05:17:45Z", "ms": -1394736135417.2544 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:52 on Tue 20 Oct to 21:14 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z → 1925-10-21T13:14:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 20th, 12:30–13:18 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28604 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 22:52 on Tue 20 Oct to 21:14 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-10-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28604, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T22:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T21:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T22:52:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z", "ms": -1394788050569.4011 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T21:14:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T13:14:28Z", "ms": -1394707531810.2617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-20T12:29:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T04:29:55Z", "ms": -1394825405285.518 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-20T13:17:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-20T05:17:55Z", "ms": -1394822525285.518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-21T12:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T04:29:45Z", "ms": -1394739015417.2544 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-21T13:17:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-21T05:17:45Z", "ms": -1394736135417.2544 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:52 on Tue 20 Oct to 21:14 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-20T14:52:29Z → 1925-10-21T13:14:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 20th, 12:30–13:18 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28604 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 22:52 on Tue 20 Oct to 21:14 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T19:27:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z", "ms": -1394627551267.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T17:34:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-23T09:34:29Z", "ms": -1394547930946.5933 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T19:27:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z", "ms": -1394627551267.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T17:34:29+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-23T09:34:29Z", "ms": -1394547930946.5933 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-22T12:29:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-22T04:29:35Z", "ms": -1394652624908.9578 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-22T13:17:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-22T05:17:35Z", "ms": -1394649744908.9578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-23T12:29:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-23T04:29:26Z", "ms": -1394566233748.136 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-23T13:17:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-23T05:17:26Z", "ms": -1394563353748.136 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:27 on Thu 22 Oct to 17:34 on Fri 23 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-22T11:27:29Z → 1925-10-23T09:34:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 22nd, 12:29–13:17 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1925 falls on Friday 23 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:27 on Thu 22 Oct to 17:34 on Fri 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T15:37:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z", "ms": -1394468559276.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T15:37:21+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z", "ms": -1394468559276.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-24T12:29:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-24T04:29:18Z", "ms": -1394479841921.9126 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-24T13:17:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-24T05:17:18Z", "ms": -1394476961921.9126 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T12:29:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T04:29:11Z", "ms": -1394393449416.8623 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:17:11Z", "ms": -1394390569416.8623 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:37 on Sat 24 Oct to 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-24T07:37:21Z → 1925-10-25T05:37:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 24th, 12:29–13:17 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1202 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gopāṣṭamī 1925 falls on Sunday 25 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:37 on Sat 24 Oct to 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2122, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T11:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T11:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T07:12:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-24T23:12:18Z", "ms": -1394412462131.6152 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T10:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T02:59:33Z", "ms": -1394398826988.4465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 227, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-26T07:12:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T23:12:51Z", "ms": -1394326028765.0442 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T10:59:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T02:59:40Z", "ms": -1394312420400.9607 } }, "covered_min": 227, "window_min": 227, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct to 11:35 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z → 1925-10-26T03:35:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:12–11:00 on the 25th, 07:13–11:00 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 227 minutes on the 25th and 227 of 227 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1925 falls on Monday 26 October. Navamī runs from 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct to 11:35 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T11:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:37:12+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z", "ms": -1394389367905.91 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T11:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T03:35:02Z", "ms": -1394310298281.0398 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-25T12:29:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T04:29:11Z", "ms": -1394393449416.8623 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-25T13:17:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-25T05:17:11Z", "ms": -1394390569416.8623 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-26T12:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T04:29:04Z", "ms": -1394307056218.919 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-26T13:17:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T05:17:04Z", "ms": -1394304176218.919 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct to 11:35 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-25T05:37:12Z → 1925-10-26T03:35:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 25th, 12:29–13:17 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1202 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Kunming, 1925: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Navamī 1925 falls on Monday 26 October. Navamī runs from 13:37 on Sun 25 Oct to 11:35 on Mon 26 Oct, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1034, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T09:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z", "ms": -1394231265422.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T07:31:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:31:13Z", "ms": -1394152127020.6064 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T09:32:15+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z", "ms": -1394231265422.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T07:31:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:31:13Z", "ms": -1394152127020.6064 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-27T07:13:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T23:13:25Z", "ms": -1394239594957.9634 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-27T07:13:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-26T23:13:25Z", "ms": -1394239594957.9634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-28T07:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:13:59Z", "ms": -1394153160707.5166 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T07:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-27T23:13:59Z", "ms": -1394153160707.5166 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Tue 27 Oct to 07:31 on Wed 28 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-27T01:32:15Z → 1925-10-27T23:31:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:13 on the 27th and 07:14 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1034 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Tue 27 Oct to 07:31 on Wed 28 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27448, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T05:35:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z", "ms": -1394072664227.4624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-30T03:50:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-29T19:50:23Z", "ms": -1393992577439.0413 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T05:35:36+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z", "ms": -1394072664227.4624 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-30T03:50:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-29T19:50:23Z", "ms": -1393992577439.0413 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-28T18:31:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-28T10:31:45Z", "ms": -1394112494662.4282 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-28T20:13:28+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-28T12:13:28Z", "ms": -1394106392175.4917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-29T18:31:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-29T10:31:01Z", "ms": -1394026138625.767 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-29T20:12:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-29T12:12:54Z", "ms": -1394020025590.7576 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:36 on Thu 29 Oct to 03:50 on Fri 30 Oct.", "fact": "1925-10-28T21:35:36Z → 1925-10-29T19:50:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:13 on the 28th, 18:31–20:13 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 28th and 102 of 102 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27448 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Thursday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:36 on Thu 29 Oct to 03:50 on Fri 30 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T02:21:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T01:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T02:21:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T01:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T12:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T04:28:41Z", "ms": -1393875079306.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T13:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T05:16:41Z", "ms": -1393872199306.2026 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-01T12:28:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-01T04:28:38Z", "ms": -1393788681630.773 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T13:16:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-01T05:16:38Z", "ms": -1393785801630.773 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:22 on Sat 31 Oct to 01:16 on Sun 1 Nov.", "fact": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z → 1925-10-31T17:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 31st, 12:29–13:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1925 falls on Saturday 31 October. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:22 on Sat 31 Oct to 01:16 on Sun 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 32, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T02:21:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T01:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T02:21:42+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z", "ms": -1393911497695.63 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T01:16:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:27Z", "ms": -1393829013172.8347 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-10-31T00:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T16:29:02Z", "ms": -1393918258396.767 }, "end": { "local": "1925-10-31T01:17:02+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-30T17:17:02Z", "ms": -1393915378396.767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-01T00:28:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T16:28:59Z", "ms": -1393831861278.151 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-01T01:16:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-10-31T17:16:59Z", "ms": -1393828981278.151 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:22 on Sat 31 Oct to 01:16 on Sun 1 Nov.", "fact": "1925-10-30T18:21:42Z → 1925-10-31T17:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:29–01:17 on the 30th, 00:29–01:17 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 47 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāsayātrā 1925 falls on Saturday 31 October. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:22 on Sat 31 Oct to 01:16 on Sun 1 Nov and covers 47 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It is 0 min 32 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-11-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-04T01:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z", "ms": -1393569341467.0728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-05T02:46:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-04T18:46:30Z", "ms": -1393478009982.9304 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-04T01:24:19+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z", "ms": -1393569341467.0728 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-05T02:46:30+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-04T18:46:30Z", "ms": -1393478009982.9304 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-03T20:38:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-03T12:38:33Z", "ms": -1393586486681.6138 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-03T20:38:33+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-03T12:38:33Z", "ms": -1393586486681.6138 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-04T21:24:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-04T13:24:45Z", "ms": -1393497314517.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-04T21:24:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-04T13:24:45Z", "ms": -1393497314517.3975 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:24 on Wed 4 Nov to 02:47 on Thu 5 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-03T17:24:19Z → 1925-11-04T18:46:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 3rd and 21:25 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Wednesday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Wednesday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 01:24 on Wed 4 Nov to 02:47 on Thu 5 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33251, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T16:36:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z", "ms": -1392909783060.467 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T17:42:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-12T09:42:16Z", "ms": -1392819464267.7073 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T16:36:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z", "ms": -1392909783060.467 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T17:42:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-12T09:42:16Z", "ms": -1392819464267.7073 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-11T07:22:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-10T23:22:46Z", "ms": -1392943034147.0044 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-11T07:22:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-10T23:22:46Z", "ms": -1392943034147.0044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-12T07:23:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-11T23:23:27Z", "ms": -1392856593371.2856 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-12T07:23:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-11T23:23:27Z", "ms": -1392856593371.2856 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:37 on Wed 11 Nov to 17:42 on Thu 12 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-11T08:36:57Z → 1925-11-12T09:42:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:23 on the 11th and 07:23 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33251 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 12 November. Ekādaśī runs from 16:37 on Wed 11 Nov to 17:42 on Thu 12 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T18:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z", "ms": -1392731864489.31 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T17:37:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T18:02:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z", "ms": -1392731864489.31 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T17:37:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-13T18:22:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-13T10:22:23Z", "ms": -1392730656660.866 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-13T20:06:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-13T12:06:43Z", "ms": -1392724397208.4436 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T18:21:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T10:21:59Z", "ms": -1392644280746.5503 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-14T20:06:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T12:06:27Z", "ms": -1392638012511.2004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:02 on Fri 13 Nov to 17:38 on Sat 14 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-13T10:02:16Z → 1925-11-14T09:37:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–20:07 on the 13th, 18:22–20:06 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 104 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 13 November. Trayodaśī runs from 18:02 on Fri 13 Nov to 17:38 on Sat 14 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-11-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24707, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T17:37:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T16:34:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-15T08:34:05Z", "ms": -1392564355384.1904 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-14T17:37:58+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1392646921683.3835 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T16:34:05+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-15T08:34:05Z", "ms": -1392564355384.1904 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-15T00:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T16:29:45Z", "ms": -1392622214863.9883 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-15T01:17:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-14T17:17:45Z", "ms": -1392619334863.9883 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-16T00:29:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-15T16:29:55Z", "ms": -1392535805164.3606 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-16T01:17:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-15T17:17:55Z", "ms": -1392532925164.3606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:38 on Sat 14 Nov to 16:34 on Sun 15 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-14T09:37:58Z → 1925-11-15T08:34:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:30–01:18 on the 14th, 00:30–01:18 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24707 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Saturday 14 November. Caturdaśī runs from 17:38 on Sat 14 Nov to 16:34 on Sun 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-11-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15390, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T08:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z", "ms": -1392248769639.9214 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T05:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T08:13:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z", "ms": -1392248769639.9214 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T05:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-19T12:30:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T04:30:20Z", "ms": -1392233379524.7903 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-19T13:18:20+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T05:18:20Z", "ms": -1392230499524.7903 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:30:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T04:30:34Z", "ms": -1392146965788.9275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T13:18:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T05:18:34Z", "ms": -1392144085788.9275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:14 on Thu 19 Nov to 05:47 on Fri 20 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-19T00:13:50Z → 1925-11-19T21:46:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:30–13:18 on the 19th, 12:31–13:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15390 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 19 November. Caturthī runs from 08:14 on Thu 19 Nov to 05:47 on Fri 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-11-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24235, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T05:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T05:46:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z", "ms": -1392171200998.3596 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-20T12:30:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T04:30:34Z", "ms": -1392146965788.9275 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-20T13:18:34+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T05:18:34Z", "ms": -1392144085788.9275 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:30:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T04:30:49Z", "ms": -1392060551249.3472 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T13:18:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T05:18:49Z", "ms": -1392057671249.3472 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:47 on Fri 20 Nov to 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-19T21:46:39Z → 1925-11-20T19:23:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 20th, 12:31–13:19 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24235 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Kunming, 1925: Friday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1925 falls on Friday 20 November. Pañcamī runs from 05:47 on Fri 20 Nov to 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32850, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:30:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T04:30:49Z", "ms": -1392060551249.3472 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T13:18:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T05:18:49Z", "ms": -1392057671249.3472 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T12:31:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T04:31:04Z", "ms": -1391974135917.8071 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T13:19:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T05:19:04Z", "ms": -1391971255917.8071 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z → 1925-11-21T17:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 21st, 12:31–13:19 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32850 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Saturday 21 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32850, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T03:23:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z", "ms": -1392093401580.0627 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:30:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T04:30:49Z", "ms": -1392060551249.3472 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T13:18:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T05:18:49Z", "ms": -1392057671249.3472 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T12:31:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T04:31:04Z", "ms": -1391974135917.8071 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T13:19:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T05:19:04Z", "ms": -1391971255917.8071 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-20T19:23:18Z → 1925-11-21T17:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 21st, 12:31–13:19 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32850 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1925 falls on Saturday 21 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:23 on Sat 21 Nov to 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T23:03:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T15:03:08Z", "ms": -1391936211993.9775 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T01:07:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z", "ms": -1392015127309.7317 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T23:03:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T15:03:08Z", "ms": -1391936211993.9775 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-21T12:30:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T04:30:49Z", "ms": -1392060551249.3472 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-21T13:18:49+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-21T05:18:49Z", "ms": -1392057671249.3472 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-22T12:31:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T04:31:04Z", "ms": -1391974135917.8071 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-22T13:19:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-22T05:19:04Z", "ms": -1391971255917.8071 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov to 23:03 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-21T17:07:53Z → 1925-11-22T15:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 21st, 12:31–13:19 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mitra Saptamī 1925 falls on Sunday 22 November. Saptamī runs from 01:08 on Sun 22 Nov to 23:03 on Sun 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34061, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T18:08:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z", "ms": -1391694693842.44 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T17:01:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T18:08:26+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z", "ms": -1391694693842.44 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T17:01:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-25T07:32:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-24T23:32:40Z", "ms": -1391732839776.722 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-25T07:32:40+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-24T23:32:40Z", "ms": -1391732839776.722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T07:33:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-25T23:33:24Z", "ms": -1391646396379.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T07:33:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-25T23:33:24Z", "ms": -1391646396379.9783 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:08 on Wed 25 Nov to 17:01 on Thu 26 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-25T10:08:26Z → 1925-11-26T09:01:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:33 on the 25th and 07:33 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34061 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Thursday 26 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:08 on Wed 25 Nov to 17:01 on Thu 26 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-11-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10312, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T17:01:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T16:12:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T17:01:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z", "ms": -1391612335828.3015 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T16:12:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-26T12:32:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T04:32:13Z", "ms": -1391628466902.563 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-26T13:20:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-26T05:20:13Z", "ms": -1391625586902.563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T12:32:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T04:32:32Z", "ms": -1391542047784.1655 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T13:20:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T05:20:32Z", "ms": -1391539167784.1655 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:01 on Thu 26 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 27 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-26T09:01:04Z → 1925-11-27T08:12:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 26th, 12:33–13:21 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10312 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 27 November. Dvādaśī runs from 17:01 on Thu 26 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 27 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T16:12:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T15:45:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-28T07:45:27Z", "ms": -1391444073184.8462 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T16:12:24+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z", "ms": -1391528856107.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T15:45:27+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-28T07:45:27Z", "ms": -1391444073184.8462 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-27T18:18:57+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T10:18:57Z", "ms": -1391521262552.7017 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-27T20:05:04+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-27T12:05:04Z", "ms": -1391514895507.4026 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-28T18:18:54+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-28T10:18:54Z", "ms": -1391434866175.1318 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-28T20:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-28T12:05:07Z", "ms": -1391428492885.3372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 27 Nov to 15:45 on Sat 28 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-27T08:12:24Z → 1925-11-28T07:45:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–20:05 on the 27th, 18:19–20:05 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 106 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Friday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Friday 27 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 27 Nov to 15:45 on Sat 28 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7680, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T15:43:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z", "ms": -1391357774803.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T16:10:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-30T08:10:51Z", "ms": -1391269749287.44 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T15:43:45+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z", "ms": -1391357774803.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T16:10:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-30T08:10:51Z", "ms": -1391269749287.44 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-29T18:18:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-29T10:18:52Z", "ms": -1391348468289.0999 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-29T20:05:11+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-29T12:05:11Z", "ms": -1391342088972.1726 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-11-30T18:18:51+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-30T10:18:51Z", "ms": -1391262068892.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1925-11-30T20:05:16+08:00", "utc": "1925-11-30T12:05:16Z", "ms": -1391255683770.299 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:44 on Sun 29 Nov to 16:11 on Mon 30 Nov.", "fact": "1925-11-29T07:43:45Z → 1925-11-30T08:10:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–20:05 on the 29th, 18:19–20:05 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7680 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1925 falls on Sunday 29 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:44 on Sun 29 Nov to 16:11 on Mon 30 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-12-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 726, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T20:42:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z", "ms": -1390994272709.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T23:08:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-04T15:08:38Z", "ms": -1390899082073.1946 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T20:42:07+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z", "ms": -1390994272709.3416 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T23:08:38+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-04T15:08:38Z", "ms": -1390899082073.1946 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-03T20:54:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:54:13Z", "ms": -1390993546625.6484 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-03T20:54:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-03T12:54:13Z", "ms": -1390993546625.6484 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-04T21:45:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-04T13:45:08Z", "ms": -1390904092147.214 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-04T21:45:08+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-04T13:45:08Z", "ms": -1390904092147.214 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Thu 3 Dec to 23:09 on Fri 4 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-03T12:42:07Z → 1925-12-04T15:08:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:54 on the 3rd and 21:45 on the 4th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 726 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Thursday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1925 falls on Thursday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 20:42 on Thu 3 Dec to 23:09 on Fri 4 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1925-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11354, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T11:07:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1390337563005.3337 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T10:53:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-12T02:53:46Z", "ms": -1390251974045.3564 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T11:07:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z", "ms": -1390337563005.3337 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T10:53:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-12T02:53:46Z", "ms": -1390251974045.3564 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-11T07:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-10T23:43:53Z", "ms": -1390349767169.3804 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-11T07:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-10T23:43:53Z", "ms": -1390349767169.3804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-12T07:44:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-11T23:44:32Z", "ms": -1390263328277.0254 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-12T07:44:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-11T23:44:32Z", "ms": -1390263328277.0254 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:07 on Fri 11 Dec to 10:54 on Sat 12 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-11T03:07:17Z → 1925-12-12T02:53:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:44 on the 11th and 07:45 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11354 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Saturday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 11:07 on Fri 11 Dec to 10:54 on Sat 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30517, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T09:52:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z", "ms": -1390169257937.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T08:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T09:52:22+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z", "ms": -1390169257937.4026 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T08:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-13T18:20:59+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T10:20:59Z", "ms": -1390138741322.4631 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-13T20:08:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T12:08:17Z", "ms": -1390132302792.987 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T18:21:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T10:21:18Z", "ms": -1390052321513.1135 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T20:08:39+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T12:08:39Z", "ms": -1390045880698.751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:52 on Sun 13 Dec to 08:08 on Mon 14 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-13T01:52:22Z → 1925-12-14T00:08:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–20:08 on the 13th, 18:21–20:09 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 107 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30517 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 13 December. Trayodaśī runs from 09:52 on Sun 13 Dec to 08:08 on Mon 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-12-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T08:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T05:49:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T21:49:35Z", "ms": -1390011025205.9626 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T08:08:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z", "ms": -1390089094759.6938 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T05:49:35+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T21:49:35Z", "ms": -1390011025205.9626 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-14T00:39:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T16:39:23Z", "ms": -1390116036836.9277 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-14T01:27:23+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-13T17:27:23Z", "ms": -1390113156836.9277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-15T00:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T16:39:52Z", "ms": -1390029608459.2544 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-15T01:27:52+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-14T17:27:52Z", "ms": -1390026728459.2544 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:08 on Mon 14 Dec to 05:50 on Tue 15 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-14T00:08:25Z → 1925-12-14T21:49:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:39–01:27 on the 13th, 00:40–01:28 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1925: Monday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1925 falls on Monday 14 December. Caturdaśī runs from 08:08 on Mon 14 Dec to 05:50 on Tue 15 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/shivaratri?on=1925-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-12-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T17:47:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z", "ms": -1389708724807.894 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T14:50:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-19T06:50:18Z", "ms": -1389632981678.5662 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T17:47:55+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z", "ms": -1389708724807.894 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T14:50:18+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-19T06:50:18Z", "ms": -1389632981678.5662 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-18T12:41:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-18T04:41:31Z", "ms": -1389727109257.95 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-18T13:29:31+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-18T05:29:31Z", "ms": -1389724229257.95 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-19T12:42:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-19T04:42:01Z", "ms": -1389640679339.286 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-19T13:30:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-19T05:30:01Z", "ms": -1389637799339.286 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:48 on Fri 18 Dec to 14:50 on Sat 19 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-18T09:47:55Z → 1925-12-19T06:50:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 18th, 12:42–13:30 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1925: Saturday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1925 falls on Saturday 19 December. Caturthī runs from 17:48 on Fri 18 Dec to 14:50 on Sat 19 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1925-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T05:06:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z", "ms": -1389149608481.861 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T05:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-25T21:10:01Z", "ms": -1389062998663.1836 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T05:06:32+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z", "ms": -1389149608481.861 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T05:10:01+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-25T21:10:01Z", "ms": -1389062998663.1836 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-25T07:51:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-24T23:51:46Z", "ms": -1389139693724.9648 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-25T07:51:46+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-24T23:51:46Z", "ms": -1389139693724.9648 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1925-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-26T07:52:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-25T23:52:13Z", "ms": -1389053267199.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T07:52:13+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-25T23:52:13Z", "ms": -1389053267199.1086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:07 on Fri 25 Dec to 05:10 on Sat 26 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-24T21:06:32Z → 1925-12-25T21:10:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:52 on the 25th and 07:52 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1925: Friday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1925 falls on Friday 25 December. Ekādaśī runs from 05:07 on Fri 25 Dec to 05:10 on Sat 26 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/ekadashi?on=1925-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1925, "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34089, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T05:42:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z", "ms": -1388974654693.8726 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-28T06:42:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-27T22:42:43Z", "ms": -1388884637391.325 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T05:42:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z", "ms": -1388974654693.8726 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-28T06:42:43+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-27T22:42:43Z", "ms": -1388884637391.325 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1925-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-26T18:26:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-26T10:26:50Z", "ms": -1389015189787.1194 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-26T20:14:17+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-26T12:14:17Z", "ms": -1389008743392.6895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1925-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1925-12-27T18:27:25+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-27T10:27:25Z", "ms": -1388928755324.1482 }, "end": { "local": "1925-12-27T20:14:50+08:00", "utc": "1925-12-27T12:14:50Z", "ms": -1388922310299.697 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:42 on Sun 27 Dec to 06:43 on Mon 28 Dec.", "fact": "1925-12-26T21:42:25Z → 1925-12-27T22:42:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–20:14 on the 26th, 18:27–20:15 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 26th and 107 of 107 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34089 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1925: Sunday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1925-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1925 falls on Sunday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 05:42 on Sun 27 Dec to 06:43 on Mon 28 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1925/pradosha-vrata?on=1925-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }