{ "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978", "place": { "id": "1804651", "slug": "kunming", "name": "Kunming", "region": "Yunnan, China", "country": "CN", "lat": 25.03889, "lon": 102.71833, "elevation_m": 1895, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1978, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11193, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-05T04:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z", "ms": 252794933722.99567 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T02:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T18:15:40Z", "ms": 252872139706.22858 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-05T04:48:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z", "ms": 252794933722.99567 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T02:15:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T18:15:40Z", "ms": 252872139706.22858 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-05T07:55:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T23:55:27Z", "ms": 252806126892.7023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-05T07:55:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T23:55:27Z", "ms": 252806126892.7023 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T07:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T23:55:39Z", "ms": 252892538974.40836 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T07:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T23:55:39Z", "ms": 252892538974.40836 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 5 Jan to 02:16 on Fri 6 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z → 1978-01-05T18:15:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:55 on the 5th and 07:56 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11193 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 04:49 on Thu 5 Jan to 02:16 on Fri 6 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2710, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T23:08:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z", "ms": 252947312841.31305 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T19:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T23:08:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z", "ms": 252947312841.31305 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T19:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T18:34:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T10:34:02Z", "ms": 252930841976.25558 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T20:20:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T12:20:56Z", "ms": 252937256335.43982 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T18:34:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T10:34:44Z", "ms": 253017284456.56265 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T20:21:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T12:21:34Z", "ms": 253023694390.58014 } }, "covered_min": 62, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:09 on Fri 6 Jan to 19:36 on Sat 7 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z → 1978-01-07T11:36:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:21 on the 6th, 18:35–20:22 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 6th and 62 of 107 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2710 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 7 January. Trayodaśī runs from 23:09 on Fri 6 Jan to 19:36 on Sat 7 Jan and covers 62 of 107 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-01-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18897, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T19:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T15:49:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T07:49:40Z", "ms": 253093779849.8403 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T19:36:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T15:49:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T07:49:40Z", "ms": 253093779849.8403 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-08T00:51:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T16:51:22Z", "ms": 253039881709.1282 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T01:39:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T17:39:22Z", "ms": 253042761709.1282 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-09T00:51:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T16:51:47Z", "ms": 253126307111.67285 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-09T01:39:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T17:39:47Z", "ms": 253129187111.67285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:36 on Sat 7 Jan to 15:50 on Sun 8 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z → 1978-01-08T07:49:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:51–01:39 on the 7th, 00:52–01:40 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18897 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 7 January. Caturdaśī runs from 19:36 on Sat 7 Jan to 15:50 on Sun 8 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-01-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T02:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z", "ms": 253390049293.98962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T23:58:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T15:58:38Z", "ms": 253468717652.09335 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T02:07:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z", "ms": 253390049293.98962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T23:58:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T15:58:38Z", "ms": 253468717652.09335 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-11T12:52:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T04:52:58Z", "ms": 253342378351.41843 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-11T13:40:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T05:40:58Z", "ms": 253345258351.41843 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T12:53:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T04:53:22Z", "ms": 253428802252.68597 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T13:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T05:41:22Z", "ms": 253431682252.68597 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:07 on Thu 12 Jan to 23:59 on Thu 12 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z → 1978-01-12T15:58:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:53–13:41 on the 11th, 12:53–13:41 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 12 January. Caturthī runs from 02:07 on Thu 12 Jan to 23:59 on Thu 12 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-01-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30982, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T23:05:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:39:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T10:39:07Z", "ms": 253535947294.40344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-15T18:40:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-15T10:40:37Z", "ms": 253708836892.02313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:40, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:41.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 30982 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Saturday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Kunming, 1978: Friday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhogi 1978 falls on Friday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30982, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T23:05:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:39:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T10:39:07Z", "ms": 253535947294.40344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-15T18:40:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-15T10:40:37Z", "ms": 253708836892.02313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:40, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:41.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 30982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pongal 1978 falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36210, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T23:05:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T16:00:00Z", "ms": 253468800000 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": 253555200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T16:00:00Z", "ms": 253555200000 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-15T00:00:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T16:00:00Z", "ms": 253641600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Kunming.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 36210 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Makara Saṅkrānti 1978 falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30982, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T23:05:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T10:03:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:39:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T10:39:07Z", "ms": 253535947294.40344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:39:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T10:39:52Z", "ms": 253622392016.0203 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-15T18:40:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-15T10:40:37Z", "ms": 253708836892.02313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:40, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:41.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 30982 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Saturday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mattu Pongal 1978 falls on Sunday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-19T03:50:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z", "ms": 254001019858.10507 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-20T06:22:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T22:22:28Z", "ms": 254096548407.61392 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-19T03:50:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z", "ms": 254001019858.10507 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-20T06:22:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T22:22:28Z", "ms": 254096548407.61392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-19T07:56:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T23:56:05Z", "ms": 254015764542.71454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-19T07:56:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T23:56:05Z", "ms": 254015764542.71454 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-20T07:55:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T23:55:56Z", "ms": 254102156112.65488 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-20T07:55:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T23:55:56Z", "ms": 254102156112.65488 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:50 on Thu 19 Jan to 06:22 on Fri 20 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z → 1978-01-19T22:22:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:56 on the 19th and 07:56 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 19 January. Ekādaśī runs from 03:50 on Thu 19 Jan to 06:22 on Fri 20 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26160, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T08:58:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z", "ms": 254192316782.679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-22T11:29:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T03:29:53Z", "ms": 254287792858.3773 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T08:58:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z", "ms": 254192316782.679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-22T11:29:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T03:29:53Z", "ms": 254287792858.3773 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T18:45:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T10:45:07Z", "ms": 254227507471.85684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-21T20:30:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T12:30:31Z", "ms": 254233831117.8412 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-22T18:45:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T10:45:52Z", "ms": 254313952499.9595 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-22T20:31:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T12:31:08Z", "ms": 254320268429.10715 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:59 on Sat 21 Jan to 11:30 on Sun 22 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z → 1978-01-22T03:29:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:31 on the 21st, 18:46–20:31 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 105 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26160 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 21 January. Trayodaśī runs from 08:59 on Sat 21 Jan to 11:30 on Sun 22 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-01-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T20:21:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z", "ms": 254751694157.4183 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T21:06:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T13:06:29Z", "ms": 254840788846.52237 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T20:21:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z", "ms": 254751694157.4183 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T21:06:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T13:06:29Z", "ms": 254840788846.52237 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T21:33:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T13:33:59Z", "ms": 254756039381.46396 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-27T21:33:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T13:33:59Z", "ms": 254756039381.46396 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-28T22:27:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T14:27:47Z", "ms": 254845666621.84158 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T22:27:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T14:27:47Z", "ms": 254845666621.84158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:22 on Fri 27 Jan to 21:06 on Sat 28 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z → 1978-01-28T13:06:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:34 on the 27th and 22:28 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 20:22 on Fri 27 Jan to 21:06 on Sat 28 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-01-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14660, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T14:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z", "ms": 255336405600.98572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T11:55:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T03:55:18Z", "ms": 255412518348.68045 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T14:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z", "ms": 255336405600.98572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T11:55:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T03:55:18Z", "ms": 255412518348.68045 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T07:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-02T23:51:28Z", "ms": 255311487944.30655 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-03T07:51:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-02T23:51:28Z", "ms": 255311487944.30655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-04T07:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T23:50:59Z", "ms": 255397858670.84512 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T07:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T23:50:59Z", "ms": 255397858670.84512 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:47 on Fri 3 Feb to 11:55 on Sat 4 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z → 1978-02-04T03:55:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:51 on the 3rd and 07:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14660 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 4 February. Ekādaśī runs from 14:47 on Fri 3 Feb to 11:55 on Sat 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T08:45:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z", "ms": 255487504735.0616 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T08:45:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z", "ms": 255487504735.0616 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-04T18:55:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T10:55:22Z", "ms": 255437721580.476 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T20:38:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T12:38:42Z", "ms": 255443922455.14493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T18:56:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T10:56:03Z", "ms": 255524163447.12997 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-05T20:39:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T12:39:15Z", "ms": 255530354503.5105 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:45 on Sun 5 Feb to 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z → 1978-02-05T21:24:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:55–20:39 on the 4th, 18:56–20:39 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 4th and 103 of 103 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 5 February. Trayodaśī runs from 08:45 on Sun 5 Feb to 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2516, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T02:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T02:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T06:06:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T22:06:45Z", "ms": 255564405313.60345 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T07:49:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T23:49:56Z", "ms": 255570596369.98398 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-07T06:06:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T22:06:22Z", "ms": 255650782252.58026 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T07:49:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T23:49:23Z", "ms": 255656963375.58368 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb to 02:04 on Tue 7 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z → 1978-02-06T18:04:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:07–07:50 on the 6th, 06:06–07:49 on the 7th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 103 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2516 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1978: Monday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Tarpaṇa 1978 falls on Monday 6 February. Caturdaśī runs from 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb to 02:04 on Tue 7 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-02-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1036, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T02:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:24:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T02:04:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T00:59:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T16:59:00Z", "ms": 255545939908.55698 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T01:47:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T17:47:00Z", "ms": 255548819908.55698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-07T00:59:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T16:59:04Z", "ms": 255632344164.32092 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T01:47:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T17:47:04Z", "ms": 255635224164.32092 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb to 02:04 on Tue 7 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z → 1978-02-06T18:04:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:59–01:47 on the 5th, 00:59–01:47 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1036 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Monday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Monday 6 February. Caturdaśī runs from 05:25 on Mon 6 Feb to 02:04 on Tue 7 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T16:04:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T16:04:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T18:59:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T10:59:27Z", "ms": 255956367040.64474 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-10T20:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T12:41:47Z", "ms": 255962507367.46704 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T19:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T11:00:07Z", "ms": 256042806510.17508 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T20:42:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T12:42:16Z", "ms": 256048936393.60736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z → 1978-02-11T07:09:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:42 on the 10th, 19:00–20:42 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 102 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Tila Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 10 February. Caturthī runs from 16:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T16:04:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T16:04:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T12:59:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T04:59:32Z", "ms": 255934772127.00037 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-10T13:47:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T05:47:32Z", "ms": 255937652127.00037 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T04:59:33Z", "ms": 256021173000.99347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T05:47:33Z", "ms": 256024053000.99347 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z → 1978-02-11T07:09:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 10th, 13:00–13:48 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1978 falls on Saturday 11 February. Caturthī runs from 16:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:04:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:04:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T04:59:33Z", "ms": 256021173000.99347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T05:47:33Z", "ms": 256024053000.99347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-12T12:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T04:59:33Z", "ms": 256107573087.20728 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T13:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T05:47:33Z", "ms": 256110453087.20728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 15:04 on Sun 12 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z → 1978-02-12T07:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 11th, 13:00–13:48 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Pañcamī 1978 falls on Sunday 12 February. Pañcamī runs from 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 15:04 on Sun 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:04:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T15:09:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:04:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T04:59:33Z", "ms": 256021173000.99347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T05:47:33Z", "ms": 256024053000.99347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-12T12:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T04:59:33Z", "ms": 256107573087.20728 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T13:47:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T05:47:33Z", "ms": 256110453087.20728 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 15:04 on Sun 12 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z → 1978-02-12T07:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 11th, 13:00–13:48 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasanta Pañcamī 1978 falls on Sunday 12 February. Pañcamī runs from 15:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 15:04 on Sun 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T15:47:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z", "ms": 256204020977.52606 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T17:13:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T09:13:37Z", "ms": 256295617187.8517 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T15:47:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z", "ms": 256204020977.52606 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T17:13:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T09:13:37Z", "ms": 256295617187.8517 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T06:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T22:03:41Z", "ms": 256169021316.91693 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-13T07:45:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T23:45:41Z", "ms": 256175140667.44302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-14T06:03:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T22:03:11Z", "ms": 256255390877.37067 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T07:45:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T23:45:00Z", "ms": 256261499609.41412 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:47 on Mon 13 Feb to 17:14 on Tue 14 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z → 1978-02-14T09:13:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:04–07:46 on the 13th, 06:03–07:45 on the 14th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 13th and 102 of 102 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ratha Saptamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 14 February. Saptamī runs from 15:47 on Mon 13 Feb to 17:14 on Tue 14 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18018, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T00:11:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z", "ms": 256579891864.52603 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T02:41:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T00:11:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z", "ms": 256579891864.52603 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T02:41:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T07:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T23:42:05Z", "ms": 256606924976.08917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-18T07:42:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T23:42:05Z", "ms": 256606924976.08917 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T07:41:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T23:41:19Z", "ms": 256693278847.65555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T07:41:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T23:41:19Z", "ms": 256693278847.65555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:12 on Sat 18 Feb to 02:41 on Sun 19 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z → 1978-02-18T18:41:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:42 on the 18th and 07:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18018 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jayā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 18 February. Ekādaśī runs from 00:12 on Sat 18 Feb to 02:41 on Sun 19 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28935, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T02:41:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T04:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T02:41:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T04:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T12:59:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T04:59:12Z", "ms": 256712352450.65027 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T13:47:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T05:47:12Z", "ms": 256715232450.65027 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-20T12:59:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T04:59:07Z", "ms": 256798746621.98987 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T13:47:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T05:47:07Z", "ms": 256801626621.98987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:41 on Sun 19 Feb to 04:57 on Mon 20 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z → 1978-02-19T20:56:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 19th, 12:59–13:47 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28935 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 19 February. Dvādaśī runs from 02:41 on Sun 19 Feb to 04:57 on Mon 20 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29462, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-20T04:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-21T06:51:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T22:51:57Z", "ms": 256863117085.5031 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-20T04:56:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-21T06:51:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T22:51:57Z", "ms": 256863117085.5031 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T19:05:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T11:05:06Z", "ms": 256734306053.64496 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:45:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T12:45:49Z", "ms": 256740349484.55353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-20T19:05:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T11:05:41Z", "ms": 256820741458.5206 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T20:46:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T12:46:14Z", "ms": 256826773773.06638 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:57 on Mon 20 Feb to 06:52 on Tue 21 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z → 1978-02-20T22:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:46 on the 19th, 19:06–20:46 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 19th and 101 of 101 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29462 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 20 February. Trayodaśī runs from 04:57 on Mon 20 Feb to 06:52 on Tue 21 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T08:22:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z", "ms": 256954937383.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T09:26:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T01:26:20Z", "ms": 257045179946.6771 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T08:22:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z", "ms": 256954937383.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T09:26:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T01:26:20Z", "ms": 257045179946.6771 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T12:58:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T04:58:53Z", "ms": 256971532960.6405 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-22T13:46:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T05:46:53Z", "ms": 256974412960.6405 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-23T12:58:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T04:58:45Z", "ms": 257057925164.32336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T13:46:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T05:46:45Z", "ms": 257060805164.32336 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:22 on Wed 22 Feb to 09:26 on Thu 23 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z → 1978-02-23T01:26:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 22nd, 12:59–13:47 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Wednesday 22 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:22 on Wed 22 Feb to 09:26 on Thu 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-02-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T10:04:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z", "ms": 257306692086.0093 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-27T09:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-27T01:29:45Z", "ms": 257390984527.1286 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T10:04:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z", "ms": 257306692086.0093 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-27T09:29:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-27T01:29:45Z", "ms": 257390984527.1286 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-25T21:17:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-25T13:17:49Z", "ms": 257260669141.57217 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-25T21:17:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-25T13:17:49Z", "ms": 257260669141.57217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T22:14:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T14:14:19Z", "ms": 257350459108.81076 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-26T22:14:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T14:14:19Z", "ms": 257350459108.81076 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:05 on Sun 26 Feb to 09:30 on Mon 27 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z → 1978-02-27T01:29:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:18 on the 25th and 22:14 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 26 February. Caturthī runs from 10:05 on Sun 26 Feb to 09:30 on Mon 27 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31387, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-04T22:46:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z", "ms": 257870761583.51434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T20:08:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T12:08:58Z", "ms": 257947737984.82263 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-04T22:46:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z", "ms": 257870761583.51434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T20:08:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T12:08:58Z", "ms": 257947737984.82263 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-05T07:29:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T23:29:08Z", "ms": 257902148237.2679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T07:29:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T23:29:08Z", "ms": 257902148237.2679 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T07:28:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T23:28:11Z", "ms": 257988491157.58453 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-06T07:28:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T23:28:11Z", "ms": 257988491157.58453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:46 on Sat 4 Mar to 20:09 on Sun 5 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z → 1978-03-05T12:08:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:29 on the 5th and 07:28 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31387 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 5 March. Ekādaśī runs from 22:46 on Sat 4 Mar to 20:09 on Sun 5 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T17:30:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z", "ms": 258024613579.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T14:56:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T17:30:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z", "ms": 258024613579.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T14:56:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T19:13:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T11:13:15Z", "ms": 258030794914.9263 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-06T20:51:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T12:51:07Z", "ms": 258036666735.83368 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T19:13:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T11:13:45Z", "ms": 258117224683.2654 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T20:51:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T12:51:25Z", "ms": 258123084792.5055 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:30 on Mon 6 Mar to 14:57 on Tue 7 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z → 1978-03-07T06:56:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:13–20:51 on the 6th, 19:14–20:51 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 98 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6181 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 6 March. Trayodaśī runs from 17:30 on Mon 6 Mar to 14:57 on Tue 7 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T14:56:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T12:36:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T04:36:12Z", "ms": 258179771816.43063 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T14:56:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T12:36:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T04:36:12Z", "ms": 258179771816.43063 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-08T00:56:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T16:56:00Z", "ms": 258137760092.9157 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T01:44:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T17:44:00Z", "ms": 258140640092.9157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-09T00:55:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T16:55:46Z", "ms": 258224145560.27954 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-09T01:43:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T17:43:46Z", "ms": 258227025560.27954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:57 on Tue 7 Mar to 12:36 on Wed 8 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z → 1978-03-08T04:36:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:56–01:44 on the 7th, 00:56–01:44 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 35953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāśivarātri 1978 falls on Tuesday 7 March. Caturdaśī runs from 14:57 on Tue 7 Mar to 12:36 on Wed 8 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-03-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16889, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-12T07:49:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z", "ms": 258508154852.39438 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-13T08:13:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T00:13:29Z", "ms": 258596008948.29654 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-12T07:49:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z", "ms": 258508154852.39438 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-13T08:13:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T00:13:29Z", "ms": 258596008948.29654 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-12T12:55:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-12T04:55:14Z", "ms": 258526513975.4881 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-12T13:43:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-12T05:43:14Z", "ms": 258529393975.4881 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-13T12:54:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T04:54:58Z", "ms": 258612897934.04047 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-13T13:42:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T05:42:58Z", "ms": 258615777934.04047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:49 on Sun 12 Mar to 08:13 on Mon 13 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z → 1978-03-13T00:13:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:55–13:43 on the 12th, 12:55–13:43 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16889 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 12 March. Caturthī runs from 07:49 on Sun 12 Mar to 08:13 on Mon 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-03-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-19T20:17:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z", "ms": 259157849166.2697 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T22:11:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T14:11:20Z", "ms": 259251079769.32217 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-19T20:17:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z", "ms": 259157849166.2697 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T22:11:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T14:11:20Z", "ms": 259251079769.32217 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-20T07:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T23:14:10Z", "ms": 259197249795.17862 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T07:14:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T23:14:10Z", "ms": 259197249795.17862 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T07:13:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T23:13:08Z", "ms": 259283587699.34558 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-21T07:13:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T23:13:08Z", "ms": 259283587699.34558 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:17 on Sun 19 Mar to 22:11 on Mon 20 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z → 1978-03-20T14:11:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 20th and 07:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 20 March. Ekādaśī runs from 20:17 on Sun 19 Mar to 22:11 on Mon 20 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T23:35:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z", "ms": 259342510839.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T00:24:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T16:24:47Z", "ms": 259431887404.13104 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T23:35:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z", "ms": 259342510839.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T00:24:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T16:24:47Z", "ms": 259431887404.13104 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T19:20:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T11:20:13Z", "ms": 259327213424.4819 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-21T20:55:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T12:55:08Z", "ms": 259332908365.63608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-22T19:20:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T11:20:40Z", "ms": 259413639659.14325 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-22T20:55:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T12:55:23Z", "ms": 259419322794.67346 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:35 on Tue 21 Mar to 00:25 on Thu 23 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z → 1978-03-22T16:24:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:55 on the 21st, 19:21–20:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 21st and 95 of 95 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 22 March. Trayodaśī runs from 23:35 on Tue 21 Mar to 00:25 on Thu 23 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T00:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T00:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:55:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T08:55:05Z", "ms": 259491305250.0212 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T19:21:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T11:21:06Z", "ms": 259500065768.62155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:55:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T08:55:14Z", "ms": 259577713577.76196 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T19:21:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T11:21:32Z", "ms": 259586491770.645 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:39 on Fri 24 Mar to 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z → 1978-03-24T16:19:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:55–19:21 on the 23rd, 16:55–19:22 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 146 minutes on the 23rd and 146 of 146 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Kunming, 1978: Friday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holikā Dahana 1978 falls on Friday 24 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:39 on Fri 24 Mar to 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T00:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T00:39:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:55:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T08:55:05Z", "ms": 259491305250.0212 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T19:21:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T11:21:06Z", "ms": 259500065768.62155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:55:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T08:55:14Z", "ms": 259577713577.76196 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T19:21:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T11:21:32Z", "ms": 259586491770.645 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1978-03-24", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:39 on Fri 24 Mar to 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z → 1978-03-24T16:19:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:55–19:21 on the 23rd, 16:55–19:22 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 146 minutes on the 23rd and 146 of 146 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17907 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Friday 24 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Holī 1978 falls on Saturday 25 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Friday 24 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:39 on Fri 24 Mar to 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 24th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24540, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T23:30:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T15:30:32Z", "ms": 259687832436.48813 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-25T00:19:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T23:30:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T15:30:32Z", "ms": 259687832436.48813 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-25T07:08:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T23:08:58Z", "ms": 259628938404.73932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T07:08:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T23:08:58Z", "ms": 259628938404.73932 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-26T07:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T23:07:56Z", "ms": 259715276001.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-26T07:07:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T23:07:56Z", "ms": 259715276001.1628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar to 23:31 on Sat 25 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z → 1978-03-25T15:30:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:09 on the 25th and 07:08 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24540 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vasantotsava 1978 falls on Saturday 25 March. Pratipadā runs from 00:20 on Sat 25 Mar to 23:31 on Sat 25 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-03-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T20:39:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z", "ms": 259850344665.44083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T18:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T10:46:48Z", "ms": 259930007780.28647 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T20:39:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z", "ms": 259850344665.44083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T18:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T10:46:48Z", "ms": 259930007780.28647 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T22:04:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T14:04:19Z", "ms": 259855459278.88278 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-27T22:04:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T14:04:19Z", "ms": 259855459278.88278 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-28T23:05:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T15:05:09Z", "ms": 259945508904.043 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T23:05:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T15:05:09Z", "ms": 259945508904.043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:39 on Mon 27 Mar to 18:47 on Tue 28 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z → 1978-03-28T10:46:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:04 on the 27th and 23:05 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 27 March. Caturthī runs from 20:39 on Mon 27 Mar to 18:47 on Tue 28 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-03-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1898, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T12:18:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z", "ms": 260165880431.61163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T10:03:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T02:03:59Z", "ms": 260244239328.4559 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T12:18:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z", "ms": 260165880431.61163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T10:03:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T02:03:59Z", "ms": 260244239328.4559 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T12:49:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T04:49:39Z", "ms": 260167778650.40106 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-31T13:37:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T05:37:39Z", "ms": 260170658650.40106 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-01T12:49:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T04:49:21Z", "ms": 260254160643.1599 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T13:37:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T05:37:21Z", "ms": 260257040643.1599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:18 on Fri 31 Mar to 10:04 on Sat 1 Apr.", "fact": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z → 1978-04-01T02:03:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 31st, 12:49–13:37 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1898 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Friday 31 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:18 on Fri 31 Mar to 10:04 on Sat 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-03T05:49:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z", "ms": 260401772415.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T03:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T19:55:39Z", "ms": 260481339169.90897 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-03T05:49:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z", "ms": 260401772415.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T03:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T19:55:39Z", "ms": 260481339169.90897 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-03T06:59:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T22:59:40Z", "ms": 260405980245.61832 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-03T06:59:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T22:59:40Z", "ms": 260405980245.61832 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T06:58:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T22:58:39Z", "ms": 260492319128.61893 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T06:58:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T22:58:39Z", "ms": 260492319128.61893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:50 on Mon 3 Apr to 03:56 on Tue 4 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z → 1978-04-03T19:55:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:00 on the 3rd and 06:59 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 3 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:50 on Mon 3 Apr to 03:56 on Tue 4 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14023, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T02:15:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z", "ms": 260561719573.92673 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T02:15:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z", "ms": 260561719573.92673 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T19:26:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T11:26:16Z", "ms": 260537175685.55252 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T20:58:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T12:58:27Z", "ms": 260542706698.89786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T19:26:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T11:26:42Z", "ms": 260623601673.53497 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-05T20:58:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T12:58:41Z", "ms": 260629121148.99783 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:15 on Wed 5 Apr to 00:52 on Thu 6 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z → 1978-04-05T16:52:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:58 on the 4th, 19:27–20:59 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 4th and 92 of 92 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14023 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 5 April. Trayodaśī runs from 02:15 on Wed 5 Apr to 00:52 on Thu 6 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-04-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T23:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T15:50:59Z", "ms": 260725858979.33188 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:52:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T23:50:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T15:50:59Z", "ms": 260725858979.33188 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:47:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:47:40Z", "ms": 260642859706.5207 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T01:35:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T17:35:40Z", "ms": 260645739706.5207 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T00:47:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T16:47:23Z", "ms": 260729242622.95557 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-07T01:35:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T17:35:23Z", "ms": 260732122622.95557 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 6 Apr to 23:51 on Thu 6 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z → 1978-04-06T15:50:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:48–01:36 on the 5th, 00:47–01:35 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 43 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 285 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Wednesday 5 April. Caturdaśī runs from 00:52 on Thu 6 Apr to 23:51 on Thu 6 Apr and covers 43 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It is 4 min 45 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T23:15:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z", "ms": 260810108446.95917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T23:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T15:08:37Z", "ms": 260896116953.92432 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T23:15:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z", "ms": 260810108446.95917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T23:08:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T15:08:37Z", "ms": 260896116953.92432 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T12:47:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T04:47:36Z", "ms": 260772455691.95508 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-07T13:35:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T05:35:36Z", "ms": 260775335691.95508 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-08T12:47:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T04:47:19Z", "ms": 260858838859.88556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T13:35:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T05:35:19Z", "ms": 260861718859.88556 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:15 on Fri 7 Apr to 23:09 on Sat 8 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z → 1978-04-08T15:08:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 7th, 12:47–13:35 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Kunming, 1978: Saturday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1978 falls on Saturday 8 April. Pratipadā runs from 23:15 on Fri 7 Apr to 23:09 on Sat 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35950, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T23:34:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T23:34:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:47:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T04:47:02Z", "ms": 260945222253.99158 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-09T13:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T05:35:02Z", "ms": 260948102253.99158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T04:46:46Z", "ms": 261031605888.05896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T13:34:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T05:34:46Z", "ms": 261034485888.05896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z → 1978-04-10T16:33:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 9th, 12:47–13:35 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35950 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1978: Monday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1978 falls on Monday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35950, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T23:34:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T23:34:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:47:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T04:47:02Z", "ms": 260945222253.99158 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-09T13:35:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T05:35:02Z", "ms": 260948102253.99158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:46:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T04:46:46Z", "ms": 261031605888.05896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T13:34:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T05:34:46Z", "ms": 261034485888.05896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z → 1978-04-10T16:33:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 9th, 12:47–13:35 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35950 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-04-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38553, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T02:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T00:33:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T02:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T12:46:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T04:46:30Z", "ms": 261117989776.05307 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T13:34:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T05:34:30Z", "ms": 261120869776.05307 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-12T12:46:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T04:46:14Z", "ms": 261204373932.17163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T13:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T05:34:14Z", "ms": 261207253932.17163 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr to 02:04 on Wed 12 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z → 1978-04-11T18:03:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 11th, 12:46–13:34 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38553 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 11 April. Caturthī runs from 00:33 on Tue 11 Apr to 02:04 on Wed 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-04-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-12T02:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-13T04:01:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T20:01:39Z", "ms": 261259298752.51108 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-12T02:03:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-13T04:01:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T20:01:39Z", "ms": 261259298752.51108 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-12T12:46:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T04:46:14Z", "ms": 261204373932.17163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T13:34:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T05:34:14Z", "ms": 261207253932.17163 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-13T12:45:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T04:45:58Z", "ms": 261290758370.84308 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-13T13:33:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T05:33:58Z", "ms": 261293638370.84308 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:04 on Wed 12 Apr to 04:02 on Thu 13 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z → 1978-04-12T20:01:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 12th, 12:46–13:34 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 12 April. Pañcamī runs from 02:04 on Wed 12 Apr to 04:02 on Thu 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7919, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1978-04-14T04:36:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-15T01:31:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T17:31:14Z", "ms": 264015074108.0624 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-04-14T04:36:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-14T04:36:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-13T06:49:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T22:49:44Z", "ms": 261269384090.71313 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-14T06:48:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T22:48:47Z", "ms": 261355726722.5392 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-14T06:48:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T22:48:47Z", "ms": 261355726722.5392 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-15T06:47:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-14T22:47:50Z", "ms": 261442069855.7618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:37 on Fri 14 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:50 on the 13th, and from 06:49 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 7919 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1978-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaiśākhī 1978 falls on Thursday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:37 on Fri 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6066, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T08:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z", "ms": 261449041718.08057 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T11:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T08:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z", "ms": 261449041718.08057 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T11:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T12:45:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T04:45:28Z", "ms": 261463528154.5103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-15T13:33:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T05:33:28Z", "ms": 261466408154.5103 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:45:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T04:45:14Z", "ms": 261549913529.20456 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T13:33:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T05:33:14Z", "ms": 261552793529.20456 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:44 on Sat 15 Apr to 11:04 on Sun 16 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z → 1978-04-16T03:04:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 15th, 12:45–13:33 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6066 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bhavānī Utpatti 1978 falls on Saturday 15 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:44 on Sat 15 Apr to 11:04 on Sun 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1250, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T11:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T13:05:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T05:05:49Z", "ms": 261637549242.33087 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T11:04:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T13:05:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T05:05:49Z", "ms": 261637549242.33087 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:45:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T04:45:14Z", "ms": 261549913529.20456 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T13:33:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T05:33:14Z", "ms": 261552793529.20456 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-17T12:44:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T04:44:59Z", "ms": 261636299245.81683 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T13:32:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T05:32:59Z", "ms": 261639179245.81683 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 11:04 on Sun 16 Apr to 13:06 on Mon 17 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z → 1978-04-17T05:05:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 16th, 12:45–13:33 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 21 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1250 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāma Navamī 1978 falls on Sunday 16 April. Navamī runs from 11:04 on Sun 16 Apr to 13:06 on Mon 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 21 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T14:37:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z", "ms": 261729454457.66986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T15:31:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T07:31:06Z", "ms": 261819065533.03894 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T14:37:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z", "ms": 261729454457.66986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T15:31:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T07:31:06Z", "ms": 261819065533.03894 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:45:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T22:45:03Z", "ms": 261701102507.18634 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:45:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T22:45:03Z", "ms": 261701102507.18634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-19T06:44:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T22:44:08Z", "ms": 261787447890.74442 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T06:44:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T22:44:08Z", "ms": 261787447890.74442 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:38 on Tue 18 Apr to 15:31 on Wed 19 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z → 1978-04-19T07:31:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 18th and 06:44 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 April. Ekādaśī runs from 14:38 on Tue 18 Apr to 15:31 on Wed 19 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T15:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T15:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T19:33:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T11:33:23Z", "ms": 261920003300.91025 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-20T21:02:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T13:02:35Z", "ms": 261925354935.37473 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T19:33:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T11:33:51Z", "ms": 262006431118.43515 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T21:02:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T13:02:52Z", "ms": 262011772022.16794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z → 1978-04-21T07:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:33–21:03 on the 20th, 19:34–21:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 89 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 15:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5874, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T15:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T15:42:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T12:44:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T04:44:19Z", "ms": 261895458600.232 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-20T13:32:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T05:32:19Z", "ms": 261898338600.232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:44:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T04:44:06Z", "ms": 261981845838.91455 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T13:32:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T05:32:06Z", "ms": 261984725838.91455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z → 1978-04-21T07:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 20th, 12:44–13:32 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5874 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1978 falls on Friday 21 April. Trayodaśī runs from 15:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T15:09:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:44:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T04:44:06Z", "ms": 261981845838.91455 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T13:32:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T05:32:06Z", "ms": 261984725838.91455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T04:43:53Z", "ms": 262068233498.19394 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:31:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:31:53Z", "ms": 262071113498.19394 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr to 13:58 on Sat 22 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z → 1978-04-22T05:57:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 21st, 12:44–13:32 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 22 April. Caturdaśī runs from 15:10 on Fri 21 Apr to 13:58 on Sat 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T12:10:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T04:10:57Z", "ms": 262152656629.43237 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T12:10:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T04:10:57Z", "ms": 262152656629.43237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:43:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T04:43:53Z", "ms": 262068233498.19394 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T13:31:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:31:53Z", "ms": 262071113498.19394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-23T12:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T04:43:42Z", "ms": 262154621594.66907 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T13:31:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T05:31:42Z", "ms": 262157501594.66907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:58 on Sat 22 Apr to 12:11 on Sun 23 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z → 1978-04-23T04:10:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 22nd, 12:44–13:32 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 1557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Sunday 23 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:58 on Sat 22 Apr to 12:11 on Sun 23 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-04-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-26T04:35:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z", "ms": 262384558250.4269 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-27T01:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T17:46:25Z", "ms": 262460784526.17896 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-26T04:35:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z", "ms": 262384558250.4269 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-27T01:46:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T17:46:25Z", "ms": 262460784526.17896 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-25T21:56:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T13:56:06Z", "ms": 262360566068.42914 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-25T21:56:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T13:56:06Z", "ms": 262360566068.42914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-26T22:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T14:57:50Z", "ms": 262450670176.96945 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-26T22:57:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T14:57:50Z", "ms": 262450670176.96945 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:36 on Wed 26 Apr to 01:46 on Thu 27 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z → 1978-04-26T17:46:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:56 on the 25th and 22:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Wednesday 26 April. Caturthī runs from 04:36 on Wed 26 Apr to 01:46 on Thu 27 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-04-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20655, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T13:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z", "ms": 262933753203.3101 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T12:16:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T04:16:56Z", "ms": 263017016167.50717 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T13:09:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z", "ms": 262933753203.3101 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T12:16:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T04:16:56Z", "ms": 263017016167.50717 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T06:33:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-01T22:33:24Z", "ms": 262910004266.90417 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-02T06:33:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-01T22:33:24Z", "ms": 262910004266.90417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-03T06:32:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T22:32:41Z", "ms": 262996360733.32812 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T06:32:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T22:32:41Z", "ms": 262996360733.32812 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:09 on Tue 2 May to 12:17 on Wed 3 May.", "fact": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z → 1978-05-03T04:16:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 2nd and 06:33 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20655 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 3 May. Ekādaśī runs from 13:09 on Tue 2 May to 12:17 on Wed 3 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T11:48:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z", "ms": 263101701922.25687 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T11:43:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T11:48:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z", "ms": 263101701922.25687 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T11:43:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T19:40:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T11:40:09Z", "ms": 263130009106.64346 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-04T21:06:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T13:06:58Z", "ms": 263135218100.4712 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T19:40:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T11:40:39Z", "ms": 263216439398.6179 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T21:07:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T13:07:19Z", "ms": 263221638939.14362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:48 on Thu 4 May to 11:44 on Fri 5 May.", "fact": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z → 1978-05-05T03:43:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:40–21:07 on the 4th, 19:41–21:07 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 87 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 4 May. Trayodaśī runs from 11:48 on Thu 4 May to 11:44 on Fri 5 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-05-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T11:43:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T12:02:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T04:02:52Z", "ms": 263275371699.20697 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T11:43:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T12:02:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T04:02:52Z", "ms": 263275371699.20697 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T00:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T16:41:43Z", "ms": 263148102833.4975 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T01:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T17:29:43Z", "ms": 263150982833.4975 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-06T00:41:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T16:41:38Z", "ms": 263234497675.58936 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T01:29:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T17:29:38Z", "ms": 263237377675.58936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:44 on Fri 5 May to 12:03 on Sat 6 May.", "fact": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z → 1978-05-06T04:02:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:42–01:30 on the 4th, 00:42–01:30 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Friday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Friday 5 May. Caturdaśī runs from 11:44 on Fri 5 May to 12:03 on Sat 6 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8332, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T15:28:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T15:28:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T19:42:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T11:42:42Z", "ms": 263562161752.10263 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-09T21:08:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T13:08:45Z", "ms": 263567324680.70956 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T19:43:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T11:43:13Z", "ms": 263648592561.33224 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T21:09:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T13:09:07Z", "ms": 263653746656.46207 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:29 on Tue 9 May to 17:24 on Wed 10 May.", "fact": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z → 1978-05-10T09:24:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:43–21:09 on the 9th, 19:43–21:09 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 86 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8332 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1978 falls on Tuesday 9 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:29 on Tue 9 May to 17:24 on Wed 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16517, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T15:28:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T15:28:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T06:28:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-08T22:28:40Z", "ms": 263514520218.75287 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-09T10:53:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T02:53:21Z", "ms": 263530400729.86945 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 265, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T06:28:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T22:28:04Z", "ms": 263600883716.65454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T10:53:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T02:53:07Z", "ms": 263616786664.88043 } }, "covered_min": 265, "window_min": 265, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:29 on Tue 9 May to 17:24 on Wed 10 May.", "fact": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z → 1978-05-10T09:24:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:29–10:53 on the 9th, 06:28–10:53 on the 10th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 265 minutes on the 9th and 265 of 265 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16517 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1978 falls on Wednesday 10 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:29 on Tue 9 May to 17:24 on Wed 10 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-05-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14083, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T17:24:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T12:41:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T04:41:38Z", "ms": 263623298138.9934 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T13:29:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T05:29:38Z", "ms": 263626178138.9934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:41:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T04:41:36Z", "ms": 263709695850.62988 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T13:29:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T05:29:36Z", "ms": 263712575850.62988 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:24 on Wed 10 May to 19:38 on Thu 11 May.", "fact": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z → 1978-05-11T11:38:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 10th, 12:42–13:30 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14083 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 11 May. Caturthī runs from 17:24 on Wed 10 May to 19:38 on Thu 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-05-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T22:02:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T14:02:47Z", "ms": 263829766938.5325 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T19:38:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T22:02:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T14:02:47Z", "ms": 263829766938.5325 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:41:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T04:41:36Z", "ms": 263709695850.62988 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T13:29:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T05:29:36Z", "ms": 263712575850.62988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-12T12:41:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T04:41:34Z", "ms": 263796094118.33853 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T13:29:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T05:29:34Z", "ms": 263798974118.33853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:38 on Thu 11 May to 22:03 on Fri 12 May.", "fact": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z → 1978-05-12T14:02:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 11th, 12:42–13:30 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1978 falls on Friday 12 May. Pañcamī runs from 19:38 on Thu 11 May to 22:03 on Fri 12 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36017, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-14T00:27:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z", "ms": 263924875408.51767 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-15T02:41:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T18:41:15Z", "ms": 264019275440.61652 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-14T00:27:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z", "ms": 263924875408.51767 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-15T02:41:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T18:41:15Z", "ms": 264019275440.61652 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-14T12:41:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T04:41:32Z", "ms": 263968892312.41635 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-14T13:29:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T05:29:32Z", "ms": 263971772312.41635 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-15T12:41:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-15T04:41:32Z", "ms": 264055292233.25085 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-15T13:29:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-15T05:29:32Z", "ms": 264058172233.25085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:28 on Sun 14 May to 02:41 on Mon 15 May.", "fact": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z → 1978-05-14T18:41:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 14th, 12:42–13:30 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36017 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1978 falls on Sunday 14 May. Saptamī runs from 00:28 on Sun 14 May to 02:41 on Mon 15 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:10:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z", "ms": 264291050208.37555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:10:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z", "ms": 264291050208.37555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:23:51Z", "ms": 264291830938.37344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:23:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:23:51Z", "ms": 264291830938.37344 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T06:23:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T22:23:24Z", "ms": 264378204429.74545 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T06:23:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T22:23:24Z", "ms": 264378204429.74545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:11 on Thu 18 May to 05:51 on Fri 19 May.", "fact": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z → 1978-05-18T21:50:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 18th and 06:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 18 May. Ekādaśī runs from 06:11 on Thu 18 May to 05:51 on Fri 19 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24663, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:41:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T04:41:37Z", "ms": 264400897333.312 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T13:29:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T05:29:37Z", "ms": 264403777333.312 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T12:41:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T04:41:40Z", "ms": 264487299945.72046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T13:29:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T05:29:40Z", "ms": 264490179945.72046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:51 on Fri 19 May to 04:42 on Sat 20 May.", "fact": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z → 1978-05-19T20:41:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 19th, 12:42–13:30 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24663 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 19 May. Dvādaśī runs from 05:51 on Fri 19 May to 04:42 on Sat 20 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24663, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T05:50:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:41:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T04:41:37Z", "ms": 264400897333.312 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T13:29:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T05:29:37Z", "ms": 264403777333.312 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T12:41:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T04:41:40Z", "ms": 264487299945.72046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T13:29:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T05:29:40Z", "ms": 264490179945.72046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:51 on Fri 19 May to 04:42 on Sat 20 May.", "fact": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z → 1978-05-19T20:41:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 19th, 12:42–13:30 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24663 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 19 May. Dvādaśī runs from 05:51 on Fri 19 May to 04:42 on Sat 20 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20133, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T02:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T04:41:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T02:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T19:47:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T11:47:50Z", "ms": 264426470236.8786 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T21:12:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T13:12:31Z", "ms": 264431551417.4284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T19:48:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T11:48:21Z", "ms": 264512900800.43884 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T21:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T13:12:55Z", "ms": 264517974684.86127 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:42 on Sat 20 May to 02:48 on Sun 21 May.", "fact": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z → 1978-05-20T18:48:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:48–21:13 on the 19th, 19:48–21:13 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 19th and 85 of 85 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20133 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 20 May. Trayodaśī runs from 04:42 on Sat 20 May to 02:48 on Sun 21 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11032, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T02:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T02:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T19:48:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T11:48:21Z", "ms": 264512900800.43884 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T21:12:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T13:12:55Z", "ms": 264517974684.86127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T19:48:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T11:48:51Z", "ms": 264599331239.96298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T21:13:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T13:13:18Z", "ms": 264604398003.82767 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Sun 21 May to 00:17 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z → 1978-05-21T16:17:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:48–21:13 on the 20th, 19:49–21:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 20th and 84 of 84 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1978 falls on Sunday 21 May. Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Sun 21 May to 00:17 on Mon 22 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T21:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T21:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T04:41:43Z", "ms": 264573703086.78497 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T05:29:43Z", "ms": 264576583086.78497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T04:41:47Z", "ms": 264660106753.59393 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T05:29:47Z", "ms": 264662986753.59393 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Mon 22 May to 21:17 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z → 1978-05-22T13:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 21st, 12:42–13:30 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1978: Monday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Monday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Mon 22 May to 21:17 on Mon 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T21:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T00:17:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T21:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T04:41:43Z", "ms": 264573703086.78497 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T13:29:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T05:29:43Z", "ms": 264576583086.78497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:41:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T04:41:47Z", "ms": 264660106753.59393 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:29:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T05:29:47Z", "ms": 264662986753.59393 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Mon 22 May to 21:17 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z → 1978-05-22T13:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 21st, 12:42–13:30 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Mon 22 May to 21:17 on Mon 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-05-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32360, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T11:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z", "ms": 264913224028.64883 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-26T07:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T23:43:42Z", "ms": 264987822463.2331 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T11:00:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z", "ms": 264913224028.64883 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-26T07:43:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T23:43:42Z", "ms": 264987822463.2331 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-24T21:45:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-24T13:45:21Z", "ms": 264865521273.68362 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-24T21:45:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-24T13:45:21Z", "ms": 264865521273.68362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T22:44:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T14:44:22Z", "ms": 264955461982.44904 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-25T22:44:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T14:44:22Z", "ms": 264955461982.44904 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:00 on Thu 25 May to 07:44 on Fri 26 May.", "fact": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z → 1978-05-25T23:43:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:45 on the 24th and 22:44 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32360 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 25 May. Caturthī runs from 11:00 on Thu 25 May to 07:44 on Fri 26 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-05-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-31T21:46:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z", "ms": 265470411663.559 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T22:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T14:01:35Z", "ms": 265557695497.65396 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-31T21:46:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z", "ms": 265470411663.559 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T22:01:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T14:01:35Z", "ms": 265557695497.65396 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-01T06:19:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T22:19:30Z", "ms": 265501169891.24158 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T06:19:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T22:19:30Z", "ms": 265501169891.24158 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T06:19:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T22:19:21Z", "ms": 265587560521.83807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-02T06:19:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T22:19:21Z", "ms": 265587560521.83807 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:47 on Wed 31 May to 22:02 on Thu 1 Jun.", "fact": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z → 1978-06-01T14:01:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 1st and 06:19 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aparā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 1 June. Ekādaśī runs from 21:47 on Wed 31 May to 22:02 on Thu 1 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T22:43:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z", "ms": 265646612090.83835 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T23:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T22:43:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z", "ms": 265646612090.83835 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T23:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T19:54:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T11:54:40Z", "ms": 265636479687.11304 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-02T21:17:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T13:17:56Z", "ms": 265641476046.80893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T19:55:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T11:55:07Z", "ms": 265722906571.3966 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T21:18:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T13:18:18Z", "ms": 265727898424.77008 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:44 on Fri 2 Jun to 23:49 on Sat 3 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z → 1978-06-03T15:49:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:55–21:18 on the 2nd, 19:55–21:18 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 2nd and 83 of 83 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 3 June. Trayodaśī runs from 22:44 on Fri 2 Jun to 23:49 on Sat 3 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-06-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 913, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T23:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-05T01:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T17:16:03Z", "ms": 265828563078.38254 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T23:49:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-05T01:16:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T17:16:03Z", "ms": 265828563078.38254 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-04T00:43:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T16:43:06Z", "ms": 265740186021.54718 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-04T01:31:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T17:31:06Z", "ms": 265743066021.54718 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-05T00:43:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T16:43:16Z", "ms": 265826596379.2475 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-05T01:31:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T17:31:16Z", "ms": 265829476379.2475 } }, "covered_min": 33, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:49 on Sat 3 Jun to 01:16 on Mon 5 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z → 1978-06-04T17:16:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:43–01:31 on the 3rd, 00:43–01:31 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 33 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 913 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 3 June. Caturdaśī runs from 23:49 on Sat 3 Jun to 01:16 on Mon 5 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 33 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-06-08T07:18:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z", "ms": 266109526576.4264 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T09:43:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-08T07:18:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z", "ms": 266109526576.4264 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T09:43:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-08T12:44:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-08T04:44:02Z", "ms": 266129041565.7248 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-08T13:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-08T05:32:02Z", "ms": 266131921565.7248 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:44:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T04:44:13Z", "ms": 266215452869.7123 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T13:32:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T05:32:13Z", "ms": 266218332869.7123 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:19 on Thu 8 Jun to 09:43 on Fri 9 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z → 1978-06-09T01:43:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 8th, 12:44–13:32 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1978 falls on Thursday 8 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:19 on Thu 8 Jun to 09:43 on Fri 9 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-06-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2010, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T09:43:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T12:10:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T04:10:54Z", "ms": 266299853940.50735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T09:43:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T12:10:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T04:10:54Z", "ms": 266299853940.50735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:44:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T04:44:13Z", "ms": 266215452869.7123 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T13:32:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T05:32:13Z", "ms": 266218332869.7123 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-10T12:44:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T04:44:24Z", "ms": 266301864415.01038 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T13:32:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T05:32:24Z", "ms": 266304744415.01038 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Fri 9 Jun to 12:11 on Sat 10 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z → 1978-06-10T04:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 9th, 12:44–13:32 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2010 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 9 June. Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Fri 9 Jun to 12:11 on Sat 10 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T14:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T16:35:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T14:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T16:35:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T04:44:36Z", "ms": 266388276178.0517 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-11T13:32:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T05:32:36Z", "ms": 266391156178.0517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:44:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T04:44:48Z", "ms": 266474688135.25656 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T13:32:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T05:32:48Z", "ms": 266477568135.25656 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 16:36 on Mon 12 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z → 1978-06-12T08:35:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 11th, 12:45–13:33 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 12 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 16:36 on Mon 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T14:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T16:35:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T14:31:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T16:35:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:44:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T04:44:36Z", "ms": 266388276178.0517 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-11T13:32:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T05:32:36Z", "ms": 266391156178.0517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:44:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T04:44:48Z", "ms": 266474688135.25656 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T13:32:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T05:32:48Z", "ms": 266477568135.25656 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 16:36 on Mon 12 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z → 1978-06-12T08:35:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 11th, 12:45–13:33 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Kunming, 1978: Monday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1978 falls on Monday 12 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 16:36 on Mon 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T18:32:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z", "ms": 266841162008.35715 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T17:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T18:32:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z", "ms": 266841162008.35715 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T17:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T06:19:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-15T22:19:13Z", "ms": 266797153411.29443 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-16T06:19:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-15T22:19:13Z", "ms": 266797153411.29443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T06:19:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T22:19:21Z", "ms": 266883561180.4438 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T06:19:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T22:19:21Z", "ms": 266883561180.4438 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:33 on Fri 16 Jun to 17:00 on Sat 17 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z → 1978-06-17T09:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 16th and 06:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 17 June. Ekādaśī runs from 18:33 on Fri 16 Jun to 17:00 on Sat 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T17:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T14:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T17:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T14:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T12:45:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T04:45:50Z", "ms": 266906750020.71008 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T13:33:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T05:33:50Z", "ms": 266909630020.71008 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T12:46:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T04:46:03Z", "ms": 266993162661.46695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T13:34:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T05:34:03Z", "ms": 266996042661.46695 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:00 on Sat 17 Jun to 14:41 on Sun 18 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z → 1978-06-18T06:41:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:46–13:34 on the 17th, 12:46–13:34 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 18 June. Dvādaśī runs from 17:00 on Sat 17 Jun to 14:41 on Sun 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T14:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T11:43:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": 267075824250.79697 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T14:41:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T11:43:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": 267075824250.79697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T20:00:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T12:00:35Z", "ms": 267019235360.64505 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T21:23:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T13:23:08Z", "ms": 267024187944.41818 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-19T20:00:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T12:00:51Z", "ms": 267105650944.22333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T21:23:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T13:23:23Z", "ms": 267110602884.0232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 18 Jun to 11:44 on Mon 19 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z → 1978-06-19T03:43:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:01–21:23 on the 18th, 20:01–21:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 83 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 18 Jun to 11:44 on Mon 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25613, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T08:16:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z", "ms": 267149793934.47278 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-21T04:30:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T20:30:30Z", "ms": 267222630483.88116 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T08:16:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z", "ms": 267149793934.47278 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-21T04:30:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T20:30:30Z", "ms": 267222630483.88116 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-19T20:00:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T12:00:51Z", "ms": 267105650944.22333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T21:23:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T13:23:23Z", "ms": 267110602884.0232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T20:01:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T12:01:06Z", "ms": 267192065591.49323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-20T21:23:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T13:23:37Z", "ms": 267197017140.10825 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:17 on Tue 20 Jun to 04:31 on Wed 21 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z → 1978-06-20T20:30:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:01–21:23 on the 19th, 20:01–21:24 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 19th and 83 of 83 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25613 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 20 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:17 on Tue 20 Jun to 04:31 on Wed 21 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-06-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18563, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T17:11:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z", "ms": 267441076538.30692 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-24T14:00:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T06:00:09Z", "ms": 267516009143.21677 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T17:11:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z", "ms": 267441076538.30692 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-24T14:00:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T06:00:09Z", "ms": 267516009143.21677 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T22:20:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T14:20:39Z", "ms": 267459639468.95184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-23T22:20:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T14:20:39Z", "ms": 267459639468.95184 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-24T23:09:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T15:09:33Z", "ms": 267548972860.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-24T23:09:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T15:09:33Z", "ms": 267548972860.3735 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Fri 23 Jun to 14:00 on Sat 24 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z → 1978-06-24T06:00:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:21 on the 23rd and 23:10 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18563 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 23 June. Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Fri 23 Jun to 14:00 on Sat 24 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-06-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7395, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T08:25:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z", "ms": 268014342277.80103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T09:41:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T01:41:12Z", "ms": 268105272416.7001 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T08:25:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z", "ms": 268014342277.80103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T09:41:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T01:41:12Z", "ms": 268105272416.7001 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T06:22:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-29T22:22:28Z", "ms": 268006947565.11722 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-30T06:22:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-29T22:22:28Z", "ms": 268006947565.11722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-01T06:22:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T22:22:48Z", "ms": 268093367709.92426 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T06:22:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T22:22:48Z", "ms": 268093367709.92426 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:26 on Fri 30 Jun to 09:41 on Sat 1 Jul.", "fact": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z → 1978-07-01T01:41:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 30th and 06:23 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7395 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 1 July. Ekādaśī runs from 08:26 on Fri 30 Jun to 09:41 on Sat 1 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T11:20:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z", "ms": 268197657296.59064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T13:18:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T11:20:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z", "ms": 268197657296.59064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T13:18:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T20:02:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T12:02:42Z", "ms": 268228961641.18076 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-02T21:25:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T13:25:28Z", "ms": 268233928095.12692 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T20:02:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T12:02:42Z", "ms": 268315362446.76288 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T21:25:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T13:25:32Z", "ms": 268320331743.58667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:21 on Sun 2 Jul to 13:19 on Mon 3 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z → 1978-07-03T05:18:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:03–21:25 on the 2nd, 20:03–21:26 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 83 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 2 July. Trayodaśī runs from 11:21 on Sun 2 Jul to 13:19 on Mon 3 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-07-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33558, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T13:18:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T15:30:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T07:30:11Z", "ms": 268385410910.6311 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T13:18:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T15:30:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T07:30:11Z", "ms": 268385410910.6311 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-04T00:49:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T16:49:17Z", "ms": 268332557309.85214 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T01:37:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T17:37:17Z", "ms": 268335437309.85214 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-05T00:49:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T16:49:28Z", "ms": 268418968479.75934 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-05T01:37:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T17:37:28Z", "ms": 268421848479.75934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:19 on Mon 3 Jul to 15:30 on Tue 4 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z → 1978-07-04T07:30:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:49–01:37 on the 3rd, 00:49–01:37 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33558 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Monday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Monday 3 July. Caturdaśī runs from 13:19 on Mon 3 Jul to 15:30 on Tue 4 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23863, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T20:15:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z", "ms": 268575321068.4103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T22:40:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T14:40:48Z", "ms": 268670448231.13934 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T20:15:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z", "ms": 268575321068.4103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T22:40:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T14:40:48Z", "ms": 268670448231.13934 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T12:49:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T04:49:38Z", "ms": 268548577926.45685 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-06T13:37:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T05:37:38Z", "ms": 268551457926.45685 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-07T12:49:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T04:49:48Z", "ms": 268634987816.42642 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T13:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T05:37:48Z", "ms": 268637867816.42642 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:15 on Thu 6 Jul to 22:41 on Fri 7 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z → 1978-07-07T14:40:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 6th, 12:50–13:38 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23863 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Kunming, 1978: Friday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rathayātrā 1978 falls on Friday 7 July. Dvitīyā runs from 20:15 on Thu 6 Jul to 22:41 on Fri 7 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-07-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T01:00:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z", "ms": 268765256983.06805 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T03:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T01:00:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z", "ms": 268765256983.06805 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T03:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T12:50:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T04:50:06Z", "ms": 268807806457.01575 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-09T13:38:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T05:38:06Z", "ms": 268810686457.01575 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-10T12:50:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T04:50:15Z", "ms": 268894215165.60355 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T13:38:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T05:38:15Z", "ms": 268897095165.60355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:01 on Sun 9 Jul to 03:08 on Mon 10 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z → 1978-07-09T19:08:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 9th, 12:50–13:38 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 9 July. Caturthī runs from 01:01 on Sun 9 Jul to 03:08 on Mon 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-07-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28540, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-10T03:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-11T04:54:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T20:54:43Z", "ms": 268952083356.47952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-10T03:08:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-11T04:54:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T20:54:43Z", "ms": 268952083356.47952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-10T12:50:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T04:50:15Z", "ms": 268894215165.60355 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T13:38:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T05:38:15Z", "ms": 268897095165.60355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-11T12:50:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T04:50:23Z", "ms": 268980623439.94897 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-11T13:38:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T05:38:23Z", "ms": 268983503439.94897 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:08 on Mon 10 Jul to 04:55 on Tue 11 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z → 1978-07-10T20:54:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 10th, 12:50–13:38 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28540 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Pañcamī 1978 falls on Monday 10 July. Pañcamī runs from 03:08 on Mon 10 Jul to 04:55 on Tue 11 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-12T06:10:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z", "ms": 269043026886.6746 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-13T06:47:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T22:47:14Z", "ms": 269131633678.14658 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-12T06:10:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z", "ms": 269043026886.6746 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-13T06:47:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T22:47:14Z", "ms": 269131633678.14658 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-12T12:50:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T04:50:31Z", "ms": 269067031261.56665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-12T13:38:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T05:38:31Z", "ms": 269069911261.56665 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-13T12:50:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-13T04:50:39Z", "ms": 269153438613.1806 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-13T13:38:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-13T05:38:39Z", "ms": 269156318613.1806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:10 on Wed 12 Jul to 06:47 on Thu 13 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z → 1978-07-12T22:47:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 12th, 12:51–13:39 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vivasvat Saptamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 12 July. Saptamī runs from 06:10 on Wed 12 Jul to 06:47 on Thu 13 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9070, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-16T03:57:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z", "ms": 269380664495.77734 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T01:29:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T17:29:42Z", "ms": 269458181600.0618 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-16T03:57:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z", "ms": 269380664495.77734 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T01:29:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T17:29:42Z", "ms": 269458181600.0618 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-16T06:28:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T22:28:55Z", "ms": 269389734988.55707 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-16T06:28:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T22:28:55Z", "ms": 269389734988.55707 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T06:29:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T22:29:22Z", "ms": 269476162403.68127 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T06:29:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T22:29:22Z", "ms": 269476162403.68127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:58 on Sun 16 Jul to 01:30 on Mon 17 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z → 1978-07-16T17:29:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:29 on the 16th and 06:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9070 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 16 July. Ekādaśī runs from 03:58 on Sun 16 Jul to 01:30 on Mon 17 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3613, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T22:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z", "ms": 269533489541.36807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T18:52:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T10:52:05Z", "ms": 269607124711.189 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T22:24:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z", "ms": 269533489541.36807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T18:52:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T10:52:05Z", "ms": 269607124711.189 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T20:00:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T12:00:44Z", "ms": 269524843646.91965 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T21:24:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T13:24:36Z", "ms": 269529876497.70374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-18T20:00:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T12:00:26Z", "ms": 269611225614.80566 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T21:24:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T13:24:25Z", "ms": 269616264578.07013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:25 on Mon 17 Jul to 18:52 on Tue 18 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z → 1978-07-18T10:52:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:01–21:25 on the 17th, 20:00–21:24 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 84 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3613 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 17 July. Trayodaśī runs from 22:25 on Mon 17 Jul to 18:52 on Tue 18 Jul, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T17:18:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T09:18:09Z", "ms": 269687888620.71292 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T20:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T12:00:06Z", "ms": 269697606316.06888 } }, "covered_min": 162, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T17:17:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T09:17:58Z", "ms": 269774277771.57 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T19:59:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T11:59:46Z", "ms": 269783985759.8845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:18–20:00 on the 19th, 17:18–20:00 on the 20th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 162 of 162 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 162 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kokilā Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17902, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T20:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T12:00:06Z", "ms": 269697606316.06888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T21:24:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T13:24:12Z", "ms": 269702651583.03464 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T19:59:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T11:59:46Z", "ms": 269783985759.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T21:23:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T13:23:58Z", "ms": 269789037518.10672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:00–21:24 on the 19th, 20:00–21:24 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 84 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17902 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śiva Śayanotsava 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T06:30:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T22:30:18Z", "ms": 269649017839.2891 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T09:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T01:12:16Z", "ms": 269658735534.64505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T06:30:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T22:30:46Z", "ms": 269735445818.31204 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T09:12:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T01:12:34Z", "ms": 269745153806.62653 } }, "covered_min": 162, "window_min": 162, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:30–09:12 on the 19th, 06:31–09:13 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 162 minutes on the 19th and 162 of 162 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vyāsa Pūjā 1978 falls on Thursday 20 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T15:01:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T11:04:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T12:51:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T04:51:12Z", "ms": 269671872077.679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T13:39:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T05:39:12Z", "ms": 269674752077.679 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T12:51:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T04:51:16Z", "ms": 269758275789.09827 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T13:39:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T05:39:16Z", "ms": 269761155789.09827 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 19th, 12:51–13:39 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 4952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Guru Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Thursday 20 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 11:05 on Thu 20 Jul, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-21T07:12:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z", "ms": 269824352018.03912 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-22T03:35:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T19:35:49Z", "ms": 269897748625.41782 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-21T07:12:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z", "ms": 269824352018.03912 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-22T03:35:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T19:35:49Z", "ms": 269897748625.41782 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T20:05:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T12:05:50Z", "ms": 269784350422.3269 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T20:05:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T12:05:50Z", "ms": 269784350422.3269 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-21T20:58:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T12:58:29Z", "ms": 269873909041.14783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-21T20:58:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T12:58:29Z", "ms": 269873909041.14783 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:13 on Fri 21 Jul to 03:36 on Sat 22 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z → 1978-07-21T19:35:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:06 on the 20th and 20:58 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Kunming, 1978: Friday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1978 falls on Friday 21 July. Dvitīyā runs from 07:13 on Fri 21 Jul to 03:36 on Sat 22 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-07-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2580, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-23T00:24:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z", "ms": 269972690787.52625 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T21:48:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T13:48:33Z", "ms": 270049712808.0915 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-23T00:24:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z", "ms": 269972690787.52625 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T21:48:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T13:48:33Z", "ms": 270049712808.0915 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-22T21:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T13:46:48Z", "ms": 269963207800.68137 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-22T21:46:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T13:46:48Z", "ms": 269963207800.68137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-23T22:31:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T14:31:33Z", "ms": 270052292831.8766 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T22:31:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T14:31:33Z", "ms": 270052292831.8766 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:25 on Sun 23 Jul to 21:49 on Sun 23 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z → 1978-07-23T13:48:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:47 on the 22nd and 22:32 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2580 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 22 July. Caturthī runs from 00:25 on Sun 23 Jul to 21:49 on Sun 23 Jul, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25421, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-29T21:30:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z", "ms": 270567044132.85562 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T23:32:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T15:32:19Z", "ms": 270660738723.32495 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-29T21:30:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z", "ms": 270567044132.85562 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T23:32:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T15:32:19Z", "ms": 270660738723.32495 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-30T06:35:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T22:35:31Z", "ms": 270599730892.71304 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T06:35:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T22:35:31Z", "ms": 270599730892.71304 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-31T06:36:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T22:36:00Z", "ms": 270686159518.18262 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-31T06:36:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T22:36:00Z", "ms": 270686159518.18262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:31 on Sat 29 Jul to 23:32 on Sun 30 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z → 1978-07-30T15:32:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 30th and 06:36 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25421 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 30 July. Ekādaśī runs from 21:31 on Sat 29 Jul to 23:32 on Sun 30 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T01:49:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": 270755357245.88165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T04:13:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T01:49:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": 270755357245.88165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T04:13:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-31T19:54:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T11:54:40Z", "ms": 270734079737.05197 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-31T21:20:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T13:20:14Z", "ms": 270739214183.8996 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T19:54:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T11:54:05Z", "ms": 270820444939.32596 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-01T21:19:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T13:19:48Z", "ms": 270825587825.4859 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:49 on Tue 1 Aug to 04:14 on Wed 2 Aug.", "fact": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z → 1978-08-01T20:13:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:55–21:20 on the 31st, 19:54–21:20 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 31st and 86 of 86 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 1 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:49 on Tue 1 Aug to 04:14 on Wed 2 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-02T04:13:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-03T06:39:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T22:39:27Z", "ms": 270945566739.54364 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-02T04:13:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-03T06:39:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T22:39:27Z", "ms": 270945566739.54364 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-02T00:51:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T16:51:31Z", "ms": 270838290762.42578 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T01:39:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T17:39:31Z", "ms": 270841170762.42578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-03T00:51:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T16:51:27Z", "ms": 270924687010.0968 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-03T01:39:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T17:39:27Z", "ms": 270927567010.0968 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Wed 2 Aug to 06:39 on Thu 3 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z → 1978-08-02T22:39:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:52–01:40 on the 1st, 00:51–01:39 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Wednesday 2 August. Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Wed 2 Aug to 06:39 on Thu 3 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1239, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T13:11:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z", "ms": 271228291325.5372 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T14:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T13:11:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z", "ms": 271228291325.5372 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T14:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T12:50:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T04:50:52Z", "ms": 271227052004.6999 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-06T13:38:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T05:38:52Z", "ms": 271229932004.6999 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T12:50:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T04:50:45Z", "ms": 271313445305.50574 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T13:38:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T05:38:45Z", "ms": 271316325305.50574 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:12 on Sun 6 Aug to 14:51 on Mon 7 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z → 1978-08-07T06:51:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 6th, 12:51–13:39 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 27 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1239 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1978: Monday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1978 falls on Monday 7 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:12 on Sun 6 Aug to 14:51 on Mon 7 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 27 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-08-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4358, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T14:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T16:07:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T14:51:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T16:07:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T12:50:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T04:50:45Z", "ms": 271313445305.50574 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T13:38:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T05:38:45Z", "ms": 271316325305.50574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T12:50:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T04:50:38Z", "ms": 271399838007.6204 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T13:38:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T05:38:38Z", "ms": 271402718007.6204 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:51 on Mon 7 Aug to 16:07 on Tue 8 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z → 1978-08-08T08:07:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 7th, 12:51–13:39 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4358 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 8 August. Caturthī runs from 14:51 on Mon 7 Aug to 16:07 on Tue 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T16:07:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T16:52:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T08:52:53Z", "ms": 271500773499.4641 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T16:07:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T16:52:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T08:52:53Z", "ms": 271500773499.4641 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T12:50:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T04:50:38Z", "ms": 271399838007.6204 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T13:38:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T05:38:38Z", "ms": 271402718007.6204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-09T12:50:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T04:50:30Z", "ms": 271486230113.00595 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T13:38:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T05:38:30Z", "ms": 271489110113.00595 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:07 on Tue 8 Aug to 16:53 on Wed 9 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z → 1978-08-09T08:52:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 8th, 12:51–13:39 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 9 August. Pañcamī runs from 16:07 on Tue 8 Aug to 16:53 on Wed 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5712, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T11:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z", "ms": 271912425615.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T08:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T11:13:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z", "ms": 271912425615.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T08:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T06:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-13T22:42:27Z", "ms": 271896147298.5797 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-14T06:42:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-13T22:42:27Z", "ms": 271896147298.5797 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T06:42:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T22:42:54Z", "ms": 271982573586.0474 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T06:42:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T22:42:54Z", "ms": 271982573586.0474 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:14 on Mon 14 Aug to 08:18 on Tue 15 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z → 1978-08-15T00:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 14th and 06:43 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5712 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Putradā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 15 August. Ekādaśī runs from 11:14 on Mon 14 Aug to 08:18 on Tue 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T08:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T04:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T08:18:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T04:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T12:49:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T04:49:30Z", "ms": 272004570471.708 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T13:37:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T05:37:30Z", "ms": 272007450471.708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-16T12:49:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T04:49:19Z", "ms": 272090958558.7672 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T13:37:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T05:37:19Z", "ms": 272093838558.7672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:18 on Tue 15 Aug to 04:59 on Wed 16 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z → 1978-08-15T20:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 15th, 12:49–13:37 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 15 August. Dvādaśī runs from 08:18 on Tue 15 Aug to 04:59 on Wed 16 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15254, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-16T04:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-17T01:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T17:25:35Z", "ms": 272136334917.24713 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-16T04:59:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-17T01:25:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T17:25:35Z", "ms": 272136334917.24713 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T19:44:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T11:44:07Z", "ms": 272029447357.3686 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T21:12:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T13:12:01Z", "ms": 272034720996.67603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-16T19:43:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T11:43:17Z", "ms": 272115797465.36005 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T21:11:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T13:11:21Z", "ms": 272121081203.13116 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:59 on Wed 16 Aug to 01:26 on Thu 17 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z → 1978-08-16T17:25:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:44–21:12 on the 15th, 19:43–21:11 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 15th and 88 of 88 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15254 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 16 August. Trayodaśī runs from 04:59 on Wed 16 Aug to 01:26 on Thu 17 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T21:47:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T18:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T07:59:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T23:59:19Z", "ms": 272246358966.74246 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T18:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T06:43:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T22:43:45Z", "ms": 272155425498.6434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T06:44:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T22:44:11Z", "ms": 272241851129.21155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T06:44:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T22:44:11Z", "ms": 272241851129.21155 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-19T06:44:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T22:44:37Z", "ms": 272328276549.30807 } }, "covered_min": 615, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 18:14 on Fri 18 Aug. Its second half begins at 07:59 on Fri 18 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z → 1978-08-18T10:13:59Z · second half from 1978-08-17T23:59:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:44 on the 17th, and from 06:44 on the 18th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 0 of 1440 minutes on the 17th and 615 of 1440 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Kunming, 1978: Friday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1978 falls on Friday 18 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 07:59 on Fri 18 Aug to 18:14 on Fri 18 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T21:47:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T18:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T21:47:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T18:13:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T12:49:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T04:49:06Z", "ms": 272177346112.76077 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-17T13:37:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T05:37:06Z", "ms": 272180226112.76077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T12:48:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T04:48:53Z", "ms": 272263733148.70013 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T13:36:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T05:36:53Z", "ms": 272266613148.70013 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 18:14 on Fri 18 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z → 1978-08-18T10:13:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 17th, 12:49–13:37 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Kunming, 1978: Friday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1978 falls on Friday 18 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 18:14 on Fri 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19523, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T14:55:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z", "ms": 272357758180.45053 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:02:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T14:55:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z", "ms": 272357758180.45053 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:02:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T20:21:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T12:21:21Z", "ms": 272377280862.00616 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-19T20:21:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T12:21:21Z", "ms": 272377280862.00616 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T21:05:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T13:05:51Z", "ms": 272466351228.80704 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T21:05:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T13:05:51Z", "ms": 272466351228.80704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:56 on Sat 19 Aug to 12:03 on Sun 20 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z → 1978-08-20T04:02:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 19th and 21:06 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19523 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 19 August. Dvitīyā runs from 14:56 on Sat 19 Aug to 12:03 on Sun 20 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:02:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:02:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:48:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:48:26Z", "ms": 272436505731.25983 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T13:36:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T05:36:26Z", "ms": 272439385731.25983 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T12:48:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T04:48:11Z", "ms": 272522891311.18146 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T13:36:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T05:36:11Z", "ms": 272525771311.18146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 12:03 on Sun 20 Aug to 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z → 1978-08-21T01:42:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 20th, 12:48–13:36 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1978 falls on Sunday 20 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 12:03 on Sun 20 Aug to 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26481, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T08:03:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T08:03:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T17:04:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T09:04:14Z", "ms": 272538254027.32294 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T19:38:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T11:38:56Z", "ms": 272547535838.08395 } }, "covered_min": 155, "window_min": 155, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-22T17:03:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T09:03:35Z", "ms": 272624615334.48956 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T19:38:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T11:38:01Z", "ms": 272633881264.99307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 08:04 on Tue 22 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z → 1978-08-22T00:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:04–19:39 on the 21st, 17:04–19:38 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 155 of 155 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 154 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26481 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bahulā Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 08:04 on Tue 22 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-08-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T08:03:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T09:42:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T08:03:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T21:05:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T13:05:51Z", "ms": 272466351228.80704 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T21:05:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T13:05:51Z", "ms": 272466351228.80704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T21:48:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T13:48:32Z", "ms": 272555312002.78162 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T21:48:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T13:48:32Z", "ms": 272555312002.78162 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 08:04 on Tue 22 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z → 1978-08-22T00:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:06 on the 20th and 21:49 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 09:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 08:04 on Tue 22 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-08-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T07:09:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z", "ms": 272675374570.75348 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T07:02:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T07:09:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z", "ms": 272675374570.75348 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T07:02:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T12:47:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T04:47:41Z", "ms": 272695661129.64566 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-23T13:35:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T05:35:41Z", "ms": 272698541129.64566 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T12:47:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T04:47:25Z", "ms": 272782045399.0166 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T13:35:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T05:35:25Z", "ms": 272784925399.0166 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:10 on Wed 23 Aug to 07:03 on Thu 24 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z → 1978-08-23T23:02:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:48–13:36 on the 23rd, 12:47–13:35 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Wednesday 23 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:10 on Wed 23 Aug to 07:03 on Thu 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T07:02:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-25T07:42:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T07:02:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-25T07:42:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T12:47:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T04:47:25Z", "ms": 272782045399.0166 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T13:35:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T05:35:25Z", "ms": 272784925399.0166 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-25T12:47:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T04:47:09Z", "ms": 272868429261.41022 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-25T13:35:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T05:35:09Z", "ms": 272871309261.41022 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:03 on Thu 24 Aug to 07:42 on Fri 25 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z → 1978-08-24T23:42:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:47–13:35 on the 24th, 12:47–13:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śītalā Saptamī 1978 falls on Thursday 24 August. Saptamī runs from 07:03 on Thu 24 Aug to 07:42 on Fri 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21994, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-25T07:42:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T09:02:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T01:02:13Z", "ms": 272941333434.27426 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-25T07:42:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T09:02:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T01:02:13Z", "ms": 272941333434.27426 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-25T00:47:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T16:47:38Z", "ms": 272825257543.66003 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-25T01:35:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T17:35:38Z", "ms": 272828137543.66003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-26T00:47:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T16:47:21Z", "ms": 272911641320.92004 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T01:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T17:35:21Z", "ms": 272914521320.92004 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:42 on Fri 25 Aug to 09:02 on Sat 26 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z → 1978-08-26T01:02:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:48–01:36 on the 24th, 00:47–01:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21994 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Janmāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Friday 25 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:42 on Fri 25 Aug to 09:02 on Sat 26 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22879, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T13:09:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z", "ms": 273128976313.21118 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T15:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T07:35:32Z", "ms": 273224132315.42996 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T13:09:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z", "ms": 273128976313.21118 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T15:35:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T07:35:32Z", "ms": 273224132315.42996 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T06:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-27T22:48:17Z", "ms": 273106096872.6338 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-28T06:48:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-27T22:48:17Z", "ms": 273106096872.6338 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-29T06:48:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T22:48:41Z", "ms": 273192520506.69467 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T06:48:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T22:48:41Z", "ms": 273192520506.69467 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Mon 28 Aug to 15:36 on Tue 29 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z → 1978-08-29T07:35:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 28th and 06:49 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22879 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ajā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 29 August. Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Mon 28 Aug to 15:36 on Tue 29 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T18:02:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z", "ms": 273319331348.94827 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T18:02:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z", "ms": 273319331348.94827 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T19:30:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T11:30:22Z", "ms": 273324621927.60205 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-30T21:00:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T13:00:55Z", "ms": 273330054646.7389 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T19:29:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T11:29:22Z", "ms": 273410962018.82962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T21:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T13:00:06Z", "ms": 273416405817.79163 } }, "covered_min": 51, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:02 on Wed 30 Aug to 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z → 1978-08-31T12:20:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:30–21:01 on the 30th, 19:29–21:00 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 30th and 51 of 91 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 30 August. Trayodaśī runs from 18:02 on Wed 30 Aug to 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 51 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-31", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T22:24:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T22:24:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-01T00:45:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T16:45:36Z", "ms": 273429936264.93713 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T01:33:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T17:33:36Z", "ms": 273432816264.93713 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T00:45:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T16:45:18Z", "ms": 273516317597.7445 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-02T01:33:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T17:33:18Z", "ms": 273519197597.7445 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 22:25 on Fri 1 Sep.", "fact": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z → 1978-09-01T14:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:46–01:34 on the 31st, 00:45–01:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Thursday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 22:25 on Fri 1 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T22:24:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:20:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T22:24:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T19:29:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T11:29:22Z", "ms": 273410962018.82962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T21:00:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T13:00:06Z", "ms": 273416405817.79163 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-01T19:28:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T11:28:22Z", "ms": 273497301632.35892 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T20:59:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T12:59:17Z", "ms": 273502756556.46173 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 22:25 on Fri 1 Sep.", "fact": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z → 1978-09-01T14:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:29–21:00 on the 31st, 19:28–20:59 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 39 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 91 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Aghora Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Friday 1 September. Caturdaśī runs from 20:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 22:25 on Fri 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 39 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38167, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-09-03T00:08:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z", "ms": 273600533700.18982 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-04T01:30:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T17:30:27Z", "ms": 273691826664.34488 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-03T00:08:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z", "ms": 273600533700.18982 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-04T01:30:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T17:30:27Z", "ms": 273691826664.34488 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T12:44:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T04:44:47Z", "ms": 273559487176.7536 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-02T13:32:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T05:32:47Z", "ms": 273562367176.7536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-03T12:44:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T04:44:28Z", "ms": 273645867998.53363 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-03T13:32:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T05:32:28Z", "ms": 273648747998.53363 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:09 on Sun 3 Sep to 01:30 on Mon 4 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z → 1978-09-03T17:30:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:45–13:33 on the 2nd, 12:44–13:32 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38167 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rudra Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 3 September. Pratipadā runs from 00:09 on Sun 3 Sep to 01:30 on Mon 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35185, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T02:27:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z", "ms": 273781622527.6725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T02:57:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T02:27:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z", "ms": 273781622527.6725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T02:57:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T12:43:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T04:43:49Z", "ms": 273818628847.55267 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-05T13:31:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T05:31:49Z", "ms": 273821508847.55267 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T04:43:29Z", "ms": 273905008903.10168 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T13:31:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T05:31:29Z", "ms": 273907888903.10168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:27 on Tue 5 Sep to 02:57 on Wed 6 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z → 1978-09-05T18:57:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:44–13:32 on the 5th, 12:43–13:31 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35185 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:27 on Tue 5 Sep to 02:57 on Wed 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35033, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T02:57:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T02:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T02:57:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T02:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T04:43:29Z", "ms": 273905008903.10168 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T13:31:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T05:31:29Z", "ms": 273907888903.10168 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:43:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T04:43:09Z", "ms": 273991388732.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T13:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T05:31:09Z", "ms": 273994268732.21436 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:57 on Wed 6 Sep to 02:59 on Thu 7 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z → 1978-09-06T18:59:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 6th, 12:43–13:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35033 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1978 falls on Wednesday 6 September. Caturthī runs from 02:57 on Wed 6 Sep to 02:59 on Thu 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35033, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T02:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T02:32:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T02:59:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T02:32:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:43:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T04:43:09Z", "ms": 273991388732.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T13:31:09+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T05:31:09Z", "ms": 273994268732.21436 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:42:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T04:42:48Z", "ms": 274077768350.2322 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T13:30:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T05:30:48Z", "ms": 274080648350.2322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:59 on Thu 7 Sep to 02:33 on Fri 8 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z → 1978-09-07T18:32:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 7th, 12:43–13:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 35033 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1978 falls on Thursday 7 September. Pañcamī runs from 02:59 on Thu 7 Sep to 02:33 on Fri 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36606, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T02:32:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T01:37:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T02:32:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T01:37:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:42:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T04:42:48Z", "ms": 274077768350.2322 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T13:30:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T05:30:48Z", "ms": 274080648350.2322 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:42:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T04:42:28Z", "ms": 274164147773.24683 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T13:30:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T05:30:28Z", "ms": 274167027773.24683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:33 on Fri 8 Sep to 01:37 on Sat 9 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z → 1978-09-08T17:37:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 8th, 12:42–13:30 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36606 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Kunming, 1978: Friday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1978 falls on Friday 8 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:33 on Fri 8 Sep to 01:37 on Sat 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T01:37:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T00:12:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T01:37:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T00:12:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:42:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T04:42:48Z", "ms": 274077768350.2322 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T13:30:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T05:30:48Z", "ms": 274080648350.2322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:42:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T04:42:28Z", "ms": 274164147773.24683 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T13:30:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T05:30:28Z", "ms": 274167027773.24683 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:37 on Sat 9 Sep to 00:13 on Sun 10 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z → 1978-09-09T16:12:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:43–13:31 on the 8th, 12:42–13:30 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 9 September. Saptamī runs from 01:37 on Sat 9 Sep to 00:13 on Sun 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31866, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-10T00:12:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T22:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T14:21:13Z", "ms": 274285272581.71692 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-10T00:12:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T22:21:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T14:21:13Z", "ms": 274285272581.71692 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:42:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T04:42:28Z", "ms": 274164147773.24683 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T13:30:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T05:30:28Z", "ms": 274167027773.24683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-10T12:42:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T04:42:07Z", "ms": 274250527018.49512 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T13:30:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T05:30:07Z", "ms": 274253407018.49512 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:13 on Sun 10 Sep to 22:21 on Sun 10 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z → 1978-09-10T14:21:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:42–13:30 on the 9th, 12:42–13:30 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31866 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rādhāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Sunday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:13 on Sun 10 Sep to 22:21 on Sun 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T17:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z", "ms": 274440542095.50046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T14:37:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T17:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z", "ms": 274440542095.50046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T14:37:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T06:53:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-11T22:53:58Z", "ms": 274402437865.93265 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-12T06:53:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-11T22:53:58Z", "ms": 274402437865.93265 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T22:54:20Z", "ms": 274488859861.23224 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:54:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T22:54:20Z", "ms": 274488859861.23224 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:29 on Tue 12 Sep to 14:38 on Wed 13 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z → 1978-09-13T06:37:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:54 on the 12th and 06:54 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 17:29 on Tue 12 Sep to 14:38 on Wed 13 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3775, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T14:37:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T11:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T14:37:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T11:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T12:41:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T04:41:04Z", "ms": 274509663871.5746 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T13:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T05:29:04Z", "ms": 274512543871.5746 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T12:40:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T04:40:43Z", "ms": 274596042597.22702 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T13:28:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T05:28:43Z", "ms": 274598922597.22702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:38 on Wed 13 Sep to 11:38 on Thu 14 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z → 1978-09-14T03:37:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:41–13:29 on the 13th, 12:41–13:29 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 3775 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vāmana Jayantī 1978 falls on Thursday 14 September. Dvādaśī runs from 14:38 on Wed 13 Sep to 11:38 on Thu 14 Sep, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27416, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T11:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T08:36:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T11:37:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T08:36:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T19:14:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T11:14:43Z", "ms": 274619683368.93488 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T20:48:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T12:48:06Z", "ms": 274625286089.83057 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T19:13:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T11:13:39Z", "ms": 274706018719.46274 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T20:47:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T12:47:13Z", "ms": 274711632987.5231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:38 on Thu 14 Sep to 08:36 on Fri 15 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z → 1978-09-15T00:36:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:48 on the 14th, 19:14–20:47 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 94 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27416 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 14 September. Trayodaśī runs from 11:38 on Thu 14 Sep to 08:36 on Fri 15 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T08:36:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-16T05:41:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T21:41:29Z", "ms": 274743688841.7156 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T08:36:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-16T05:41:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T21:41:29Z", "ms": 274743688841.7156 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T06:55:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T22:55:04Z", "ms": 274661703775.65262 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T09:22:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T01:22:47Z", "ms": 274670566764.41464 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-16T06:55:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T22:55:26Z", "ms": 274748125729.91537 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-16T09:22:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-16T01:22:51Z", "ms": 274756971376.5959 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:36 on Fri 15 Sep to 05:41 on Sat 16 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z → 1978-09-15T21:41:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:55–09:23 on the 15th, 06:55–09:23 on the 16th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 46 of 148 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 147 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ananta Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Friday 15 September. Caturdaśī runs from 08:36 on Fri 15 Sep to 05:41 on Sat 16 Sep, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-09-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1838, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T21:45:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z", "ms": 275060729795.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:16:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:16:50Z", "ms": 275145409573.5981 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T21:45:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z", "ms": 275060729795.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:16:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:16:50Z", "ms": 275145409573.5981 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T21:04:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:04:26Z", "ms": 275058266057.3398 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-19T21:04:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:04:26Z", "ms": 275058266057.3398 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:47:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:47:28Z", "ms": 275147247827.30914 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:47:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:47:28Z", "ms": 275147247827.30914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:45 on Tue 19 Sep to 21:17 on Wed 20 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z → 1978-09-20T13:16:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:04 on the 19th and 21:47 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1838 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 19 September. Caturthī runs from 21:45 on Tue 19 Sep to 21:17 on Wed 20 Sep, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-09-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2755, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T21:32:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z", "ms": 275232735885.26556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T22:30:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T14:30:46Z", "ms": 275322646154.77747 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T21:32:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z", "ms": 275232735885.26556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T22:30:46+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T14:30:46Z", "ms": 275322646154.77747 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T22:31:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T14:31:27Z", "ms": 275236286909.1133 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-21T22:31:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T14:31:27Z", "ms": 275236286909.1133 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-22T23:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T15:16:41Z", "ms": 275325400957.70844 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T23:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T15:16:41Z", "ms": 275325400957.70844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:32 on Thu 21 Sep to 22:31 on Fri 22 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z → 1978-09-22T14:30:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:31 on the 21st and 23:17 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2755 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Thursday 21 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:32 on Thu 21 Sep to 22:31 on Fri 22 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:07:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T02:13:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:07:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T02:13:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T19:05:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T11:05:00Z", "ms": 275396700176.65533 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-23T20:40:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T12:40:07Z", "ms": 275402407323.77826 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T19:03:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T11:03:56Z", "ms": 275483035622.78986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T20:39:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T12:39:14Z", "ms": 275488754419.22217 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:07 on Sun 24 Sep to 02:14 on Mon 25 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z → 1978-09-24T18:13:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:40 on the 23rd, 19:04–20:39 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 23rd and 95 of 95 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12439 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1978 falls on Sunday 24 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:07 on Sun 24 Sep to 02:14 on Mon 25 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 250, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:07:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T02:13:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:07:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T02:13:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:03:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:03:16Z", "ms": 275414595880.0758 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T00:03:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:03:16Z", "ms": 275414595880.0758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-25T00:51:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T16:51:07Z", "ms": 275503867399.39764 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T00:51:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T16:51:07Z", "ms": 275503867399.39764 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:07 on Sun 24 Sep to 02:14 on Mon 25 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z → 1978-09-24T18:13:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:03 on the 23rd and 00:51 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 250 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1978 falls on Sunday 24 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:07 on Sun 24 Sep to 02:14 on Mon 25 Sep and is current at moonrise that day. It is 4 min 10 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-27T07:06:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 275699163444.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T09:26:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T01:26:35Z", "ms": 275793995247.0223 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-27T07:06:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 275699163444.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T09:26:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T01:26:35Z", "ms": 275793995247.0223 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-27T06:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T22:59:33Z", "ms": 275698772764.4028 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-27T06:59:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T22:59:33Z", "ms": 275698772764.4028 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-28T06:59:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-27T22:59:56Z", "ms": 275785196142.8313 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T06:59:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-27T22:59:56Z", "ms": 275785196142.8313 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:06 on Wed 27 Sep to 09:27 on Thu 28 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z → 1978-09-28T01:26:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:00 on the 27th and 07:00 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-28", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Indirā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 28 September. Ekādaśī runs from 07:06 on Wed 27 Sep to 09:27 on Thu 28 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21228, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T11:28:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z", "ms": 275887702126.01764 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T13:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T11:28:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z", "ms": 275887702126.01764 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T13:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T18:58:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T10:58:36Z", "ms": 275914715624.592 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-29T20:34:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T12:34:53Z", "ms": 275920492681.19904 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T18:57:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T10:57:32Z", "ms": 276001052357.63306 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T20:34:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T12:34:01Z", "ms": 276006841056.57306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:28 on Fri 29 Sep to 13:04 on Sat 30 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z → 1978-09-30T05:03:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:35 on the 29th, 18:58–20:34 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 96 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21228 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Friday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 29 September. Trayodaśī runs from 11:28 on Fri 29 Sep to 13:04 on Sat 30 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-09-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37603, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T13:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T14:08:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T13:03:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T14:08:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T00:35:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T16:35:20Z", "ms": 276021319978.6581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T01:23:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T17:23:20Z", "ms": 276024199978.6581 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T00:35:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T16:35:01Z", "ms": 276107700644.5609 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T01:23:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T17:23:01Z", "ms": 276110580644.5609 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:04 on Sat 30 Sep to 14:08 on Sun 1 Oct.", "fact": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z → 1978-10-01T06:08:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:35–01:23 on the 30th, 00:35–01:23 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37603 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 30 September. Caturdaśī runs from 13:04 on Sat 30 Sep to 14:08 on Sun 1 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 123, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T14:08:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T14:40:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T14:08:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T14:40:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T14:10:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:10:21Z", "ms": 276070220675.5469 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T16:33:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T08:33:25Z", "ms": 276078805034.1681 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T14:09:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:09:53Z", "ms": 276156592810.9565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T16:32:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T08:32:40Z", "ms": 276165159782.49786 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 14:08 on Sun 1 Oct to 14:41 on Mon 2 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z → 1978-10-02T06:40:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:10–16:33 on the 1st, 14:10–16:33 on the 2nd.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 143 of 143 minutes on the 1st and 31 of 143 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 123 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1978 falls on Sunday 1 October. Amāvasyā runs from 14:08 on Sun 1 Oct to 14:41 on Mon 2 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the next afternoon for 31 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 2 min 03 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T14:40:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T14:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T06:41:39Z", "ms": 276244898838.3077 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T14:40:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T14:41:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T06:41:39Z", "ms": 276244898838.3077 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T12:34:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T04:34:29Z", "ms": 276150869325.1858 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T13:22:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T05:22:29Z", "ms": 276153749325.1858 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-03T12:34:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T04:34:10Z", "ms": 276237250456.6503 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T13:22:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T05:22:10Z", "ms": 276240130456.6503 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:41 on Mon 2 Oct to 14:42 on Tue 3 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z → 1978-10-03T06:41:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 2nd, 12:34–13:22 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1978 falls on Tuesday 3 October. Pratipadā runs from 14:41 on Mon 2 Oct to 14:42 on Tue 3 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-10-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 78, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T13:20:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z", "ms": 276412815437.1351 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T12:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T04:04:48Z", "ms": 276494688398.4105 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T13:20:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z", "ms": 276412815437.1351 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T12:04:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T04:04:48Z", "ms": 276494688398.4105 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T12:33:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T04:33:34Z", "ms": 276410013692.5328 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-05T13:21:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T05:21:34Z", "ms": 276412893692.5328 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-06T12:33:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T04:33:16Z", "ms": 276496395829.4226 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T13:21:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T05:21:16Z", "ms": 276499275829.4226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:20 on Thu 5 Oct to 12:05 on Fri 6 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z → 1978-10-06T04:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 5th, 12:33–13:21 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 1 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 78 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 13:20 on Thu 5 Oct to 12:05 on Fri 6 Oct and covers 1 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 1 min 18 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1367, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T08:42:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z", "ms": 276655336549.7329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T06:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T08:42:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z", "ms": 276655336549.7329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T06:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T07:04:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-07T23:04:03Z", "ms": 276649443359.13495 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-08T07:51:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-07T23:51:04Z", "ms": 276652264407.7522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T07:04:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T23:04:30Z", "ms": 276735869633.4845 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T07:51:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T23:51:25Z", "ms": 276738684951.12463 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 06:42 on Mon 9 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z → 1978-10-08T22:41:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:04–07:51 on the 8th, 07:04–07:51 on the 9th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 47 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 47 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1367 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Saptamī 1978 falls on Sunday 8 October. Saptamī runs from 08:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 06:42 on Mon 9 Oct, and reaches the first muhūrta after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T06:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T04:32:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T06:41:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T04:32:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T12:32:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T04:32:25Z", "ms": 276755544515.7853 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T13:20:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T05:20:25Z", "ms": 276758424515.7853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T12:32:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T04:32:08Z", "ms": 276841928228.69025 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T13:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T05:20:08Z", "ms": 276844808228.69025 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:42 on Mon 9 Oct to 04:32 on Tue 10 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z → 1978-10-09T20:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 9th, 12:32–13:20 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1978 falls on Monday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:42 on Mon 9 Oct to 04:32 on Tue 10 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28792, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T04:32:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T02:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T04:32:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T02:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T12:32:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T04:32:08Z", "ms": 276841928228.69025 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T13:20:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T05:20:08Z", "ms": 276844808228.69025 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T12:31:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T04:31:52Z", "ms": 276928312381.85754 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T13:19:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T05:19:52Z", "ms": 276931192381.85754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 04:32 on Tue 10 Oct to 02:17 on Wed 11 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z → 1978-10-10T18:16:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 10th, 12:32–13:20 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28792 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mahānavamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 10 October. Navamī runs from 04:32 on Tue 10 Oct to 02:17 on Wed 11 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T02:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T23:58:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T02:16:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T22:08:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T14:08:36Z", "ms": 276962916175.14343 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T23:42:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T15:42:18Z", "ms": 276882138499.87946 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T22:08:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T14:08:36Z", "ms": 276962916175.14343 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T07:04:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T23:04:56Z", "ms": 276822296227.5221 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:47:20+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T10:47:20Z", "ms": 276864440229.8584 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 702, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T07:05:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T23:05:23Z", "ms": 276908723152.2401 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T18:46:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T10:46:22Z", "ms": 276950781611.475 } }, "covered_min": 701, "window_min": 701, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 02:17 on Wed 11 Oct to 23:59 on Wed 11 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 23:42 on Tue 10 Oct to 22:09 on Wed 11 Oct. They are together from 02:17 on Wed 11 Oct to 22:09 on Wed 11 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z → 1978-10-11T14:08:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 07:05–18:47 on the 10th, 07:05–18:46 on the 11th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 702 minutes on the 10th and 701 of 701 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1978 falls on Wednesday 11 October. Daśamī runs from 02:17 on Wed 11 Oct to 23:59 on Wed 11 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 701 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T23:58:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T21:41:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T13:41:08Z", "ms": 277047667594.5804 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T23:58:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T21:41:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T13:41:08Z", "ms": 277047667594.5804 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-12T07:05:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T23:05:50Z", "ms": 276995150419.63367 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T07:05:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T23:05:50Z", "ms": 276995150419.63367 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T07:06:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T23:06:18Z", "ms": 277081578042.6994 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-13T07:06:18+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T23:06:18Z", "ms": 277081578042.6994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:59 on Wed 11 Oct to 21:41 on Thu 12 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z → 1978-10-12T13:41:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 12th and 07:06 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 12 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:59 on Wed 11 Oct to 21:41 on Thu 12 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2637, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T19:28:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z", "ms": 277126103470.94995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T17:25:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T09:25:13Z", "ms": 277205112693.0177 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T19:28:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z", "ms": 277126103470.94995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T17:25:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T09:25:13Z", "ms": 277205112693.0177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T18:44:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T10:44:26Z", "ms": 277123466139.8227 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-13T20:23:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T12:23:25Z", "ms": 277129404792.5505 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-14T18:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T10:43:29Z", "ms": 277209809346.16187 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T20:22:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T12:22:39Z", "ms": 277215759354.90656 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Fri 13 Oct to 17:25 on Sat 14 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z → 1978-10-14T09:25:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:23 on the 13th, 18:43–20:23 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 55 of 99 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 99 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2637 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Friday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 13 October. Trayodaśī runs from 19:28 on Fri 13 Oct to 17:25 on Sat 14 Oct and covers 55 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T12:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T13:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T12:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T13:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:08:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T13:08:06Z", "ms": 277650485575.0781 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:08:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T13:08:06Z", "ms": 277650485575.0781 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-20T21:54:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T13:54:50Z", "ms": 277739689658.0266 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T21:54:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T13:54:50Z", "ms": 277739689658.0266 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 13:35 on Fri 20 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z → 1978-10-20T05:35:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:08 on the 19th and 21:55 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1978 falls on Thursday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 13:35 on Fri 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-10-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T12:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T13:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T12:48:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T13:35:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:08:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T13:08:06Z", "ms": 277650485575.0781 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:08:06+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T13:08:06Z", "ms": 277650485575.0781 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-20T21:54:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T13:54:50Z", "ms": 277739689658.0266 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T21:54:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T13:54:50Z", "ms": 277739689658.0266 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 13:35 on Fri 20 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z → 1978-10-20T05:35:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:08 on the 19th and 21:55 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 12:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 13:35 on Fri 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-10-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-23T19:18:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z", "ms": 277989505327.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T21:50:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T13:50:11Z", "ms": 278085010950.7173 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-23T19:18:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z", "ms": 277989505327.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T21:50:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T13:50:11Z", "ms": 278085010950.7173 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-24T00:21:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T16:21:31Z", "ms": 278007690893.7251 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T00:21:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T16:21:31Z", "ms": 278007690893.7251 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-25T01:11:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T17:11:42Z", "ms": 278097101749.0114 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-25T01:11:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T17:11:42Z", "ms": 278097101749.0114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:18 on Mon 23 Oct to 21:50 on Tue 24 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z → 1978-10-24T13:50:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:22 on the 23rd and 01:12 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1978 falls on Monday 23 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:18 on Mon 23 Oct to 21:50 on Tue 24 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T02:27:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z", "ms": 278274445828.2684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T04:06:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T02:27:26+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z", "ms": 278274445828.2684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T04:06:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T07:13:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T23:13:29Z", "ms": 278291609143.9283 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T07:13:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T23:13:29Z", "ms": 278291609143.9283 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T07:14:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T23:14:03Z", "ms": 278378043434.21796 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T07:14:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T23:14:03Z", "ms": 278378043434.21796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:27 on Fri 27 Oct to 04:07 on Sat 28 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z → 1978-10-27T20:06:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:13 on the 27th and 07:14 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Ramā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 27 October. Ekādaśī runs from 02:27 on Fri 27 Oct to 04:07 on Sat 28 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28361, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T04:06:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T04:06:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T18:32:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T10:32:23Z", "ms": 278332342654.1187 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T20:13:56+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T12:13:56Z", "ms": 278338436091.4653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:31:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T10:31:38Z", "ms": 278418697856.4846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T20:13:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T12:13:22Z", "ms": 278424801902.842 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:07 on Sat 28 Oct to 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z → 1978-10-28T21:07:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:14 on the 27th, 18:32–20:13 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 27th and 102 of 102 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28361 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1978 falls on Saturday 28 October. Dvādaśī runs from 04:07 on Sat 28 Oct to 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:31:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T10:31:38Z", "ms": 278418697856.4846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T20:13:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T12:13:22Z", "ms": 278424801902.842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T18:30:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T10:30:54Z", "ms": 278505054112.5418 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T20:12:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T12:12:49Z", "ms": 278511168690.8828 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct to 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z → 1978-10-29T21:27:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:13 on the 28th, 18:31–20:13 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 28th and 102 of 102 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dīpadāna 1978 falls on Sunday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct to 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T05:07:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:31:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T10:31:38Z", "ms": 278418697856.4846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T20:13:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T12:13:22Z", "ms": 278424801902.842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T18:30:54+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T10:30:54Z", "ms": 278505054112.5418 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T20:12:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T12:12:49Z", "ms": 278511168690.8828 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct to 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z → 1978-10-29T21:27:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:13 on the 28th, 18:31–20:13 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 28th and 102 of 102 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:08 on Sun 29 Oct to 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 379, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:33:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:33:19Z", "ms": 278544798871.7581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T07:15:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T23:15:13Z", "ms": 278550913450.0991 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:33:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:33:44Z", "ms": 278631224137.0605 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T07:15:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T23:15:49Z", "ms": 278637349166.6747 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct to 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z → 1978-10-30T21:05:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:33–07:15 on the 30th, 05:34–07:16 on the 31st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 102 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 379 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1978 falls on Monday 30 October. Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct to 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-10-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13701, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T05:27:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T00:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T16:29:04Z", "ms": 278526543781.32043 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T01:17:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T17:17:04Z", "ms": 278529423781.32043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T00:29:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T16:29:00Z", "ms": 278612940305.6216 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T01:17:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T17:17:00Z", "ms": 278615820305.6216 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct to 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z → 1978-10-30T21:05:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:29–01:17 on the 29th, 00:29–01:17 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13701 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Monday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Monday 30 October. Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Mon 30 Oct to 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T18:30:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T10:30:11Z", "ms": 278591411444.5684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T20:12:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T12:12:16Z", "ms": 278597536474.1826 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T18:29:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T10:29:30Z", "ms": 278677769873.8405 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:11:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T12:11:45Z", "ms": 278683905270.2404 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct to 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z → 1978-10-31T20:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:30–20:12 on the 30th, 18:29–20:12 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 30th and 102 of 102 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1978 falls on Tuesday 31 October. Amāvasyā runs from 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct to 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10174, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T05:05:21+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T00:29:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T16:29:00Z", "ms": 278612940305.6216 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T01:17:00+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T17:17:00Z", "ms": 278615820305.6216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T00:28:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T16:28:58Z", "ms": 278699337610.3401 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T01:16:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T17:16:58Z", "ms": 278702217610.3401 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct to 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z → 1978-10-31T20:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:29–01:17 on the 30th, 00:29–01:17 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10174 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kālī Pūjā 1978 falls on Tuesday 31 October. Amāvasyā runs from 05:05 on Tue 31 Oct to 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T12:28:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T04:28:37Z", "ms": 278742517383.76904 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T13:16:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T05:16:37Z", "ms": 278745397383.76904 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T04:28:36Z", "ms": 278828916043.31165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T05:16:36Z", "ms": 278831796043.31165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 1st, 12:29–13:17 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Govardhana Pūjā 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23116, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T18:29:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T10:29:30Z", "ms": 278677769873.8405 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:11:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T12:11:45Z", "ms": 278683905270.2404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:28:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T10:28:49Z", "ms": 278764129420.69836 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T20:11:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T12:11:15Z", "ms": 278770275095.5289 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:12 on the 31st, 18:29–20:11 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 31st and 102 of 102 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23116 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Bali Pūjā 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11394, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T04:06:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T07:16:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T23:16:25Z", "ms": 278723785346.83966 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T11:00:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T03:00:33Z", "ms": 278737233371.4592 } }, "covered_min": 224, "window_min": 224, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T07:17:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T23:17:02Z", "ms": 278810221981.92706 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T11:00:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T03:00:45Z", "ms": 278823644689.5168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 224, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:16–11:01 on the 1st, 07:17–11:01 on the 2nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 224 of 224 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 224 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11394 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dyūta Pratipad 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 04:07 on Wed 1 Nov to 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T00:42:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T16:42:32Z", "ms": 278872951974.18976 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T02:36:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T00:42:32+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T16:42:32Z", "ms": 278872951974.18976 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T04:28:36Z", "ms": 278828916043.31165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T05:16:36Z", "ms": 278831796043.31165 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T04:28:36Z", "ms": 278915315503.3028 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T05:16:36Z", "ms": 278918195503.3028 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov to 00:43 on Fri 3 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z → 1978-11-02T16:42:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 2nd, 12:29–13:17 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1978 falls on Thursday 2 November. Dvitīyā runs from 02:37 on Thu 2 Nov to 00:43 on Fri 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T22:32:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T20:12:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T22:32:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T20:12:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T04:28:36Z", "ms": 278915315503.3028 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T05:16:36Z", "ms": 278918195503.3028 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T04:28:36Z", "ms": 279001715767.5156 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T05:16:36Z", "ms": 279004595767.5156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 20:13 on Sat 4 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z → 1978-11-04T12:12:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 3rd, 12:29–13:17 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 22:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 20:13 on Sat 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-11-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T22:32:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T20:12:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T22:32:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T20:12:47+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T04:28:36Z", "ms": 278915315503.3028 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T05:16:36Z", "ms": 278918195503.3028 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:28:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T04:28:36Z", "ms": 279001715767.5156 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T13:16:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T05:16:36Z", "ms": 279004595767.5156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 20:13 on Sat 4 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z → 1978-11-04T12:12:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 3rd, 12:29–13:17 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 22:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 20:13 on Sat 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8123, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T17:50:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z", "ms": 279107455019.23846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T15:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T07:32:02Z", "ms": 279185522000.2818 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T17:50:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z", "ms": 279107455019.23846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T15:32:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T07:32:02Z", "ms": 279185522000.2818 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T12:28:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T04:28:37Z", "ms": 279088116839.4117 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-05T13:16:37+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T05:16:37Z", "ms": 279090996839.4117 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-06T12:28:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T04:28:39Z", "ms": 279174518722.46643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T13:16:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T05:16:39Z", "ms": 279177398722.46643 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:51 on Sun 5 Nov to 15:32 on Mon 6 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z → 1978-11-06T07:32:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 5th, 12:29–13:17 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8123 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1978 falls on Monday 6 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:51 on Sun 5 Nov to 15:32 on Mon 6 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T13:20:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z", "ms": 279264019443.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T13:20:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z", "ms": 279264019443.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T12:28:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T04:28:41Z", "ms": 279260921420.40967 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-07T13:16:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T05:16:41Z", "ms": 279263801420.40967 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T12:28:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T04:28:45Z", "ms": 279347324937.34784 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T13:16:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T05:16:45Z", "ms": 279350204937.34784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:20 on Tue 7 Nov to 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z → 1978-11-08T03:18:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 7th, 12:29–13:17 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 218 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Gopāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 8 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:20 on Tue 7 Nov to 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 3 min 38 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4203, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T09:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T09:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T12:28:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T04:28:45Z", "ms": 279347324937.34784 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T13:16:45+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T05:16:45Z", "ms": 279350204937.34784 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T12:28:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T04:28:49Z", "ms": 279433729277.7667 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T13:16:49+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T05:16:49Z", "ms": 279436609277.7667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 09:29 on Thu 9 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z → 1978-11-09T01:29:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 8th, 12:29–13:17 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4203 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Durgā Navamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 8 November. Navamī runs from 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 09:29 on Thu 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 996, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T09:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:18:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T09:29:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T07:20:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T23:20:51Z", "ms": 279328850713.6161 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:02:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:02:07Z", "ms": 279342126862.77057 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 221, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T07:21:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T23:21:30Z", "ms": 279415290207.6713 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T11:02:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T03:02:23Z", "ms": 279428542921.06824 } }, "covered_min": 128, "window_min": 221, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 09:29 on Thu 9 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z → 1978-11-09T01:29:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:21–11:02 on the 8th, 07:22–11:02 on the 9th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 221 minutes on the 8th and 128 of 221 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1978 falls on Thursday 9 November. Navamī runs from 11:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 09:29 on Thu 9 Nov and covers 128 of 221 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-10T07:52:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z", "ms": 279503550943.7984 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T06:30:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T22:30:10Z", "ms": 279585009564.7574 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-10T07:52:31+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z", "ms": 279503550943.7984 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T06:30:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T22:30:10Z", "ms": 279585009564.7574 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-10T07:22:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:22:10Z", "ms": 279501730061.50085 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-10T07:22:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:22:10Z", "ms": 279501730061.50085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T07:22:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T23:22:50Z", "ms": 279588170263.4931 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T07:22:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T23:22:50Z", "ms": 279588170263.4931 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:53 on Fri 10 Nov to 06:30 on Sat 11 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z → 1978-11-10T22:30:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:22 on the 10th and 07:23 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Friday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 10 November. Ekādaśī runs from 07:53 on Fri 10 Nov to 06:30 on Sat 11 Nov, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30426, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-12T05:23:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z", "ms": 279667399035.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-13T04:34:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T20:34:01Z", "ms": 279750841335.5682 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-12T05:23:19+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z", "ms": 279667399035.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-13T04:34:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T20:34:01Z", "ms": 279750841335.5682 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T18:23:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T10:23:11Z", "ms": 279627790632.9517 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T20:07:13+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T12:07:13Z", "ms": 279634033322.1489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-12T18:22:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T10:22:44Z", "ms": 279714163773.8255 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-12T20:06:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T12:06:55Z", "ms": 279720415492.60547 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:23 on Sun 12 Nov to 04:34 on Mon 13 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z → 1978-11-12T20:34:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:23–20:07 on the 11th, 18:23–20:07 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 11th and 104 of 104 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30426 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 12 November. Trayodaśī runs from 05:23 on Sun 12 Nov to 04:34 on Mon 13 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T04:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T04:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T04:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T04:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T12:29:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T04:29:23Z", "ms": 279865763497.52344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T13:17:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T05:17:23Z", "ms": 279868643497.52344 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-15T12:29:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-15T04:29:33Z", "ms": 279952172873.91943 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T13:17:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-15T05:17:33Z", "ms": 279955052873.91943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:05 on Tue 14 Nov to 04:00 on Wed 15 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z → 1978-11-14T20:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 14th, 12:30–13:18 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Tuesday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:05 on Tue 14 Nov to 04:00 on Wed 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T04:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T04:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T04:05:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T04:00:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T00:29:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T16:29:36Z", "ms": 279822575556.8248 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T01:17:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T17:17:36Z", "ms": 279825455556.8248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-15T00:29:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T16:29:44Z", "ms": 279908984233.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T01:17:44+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T17:17:44Z", "ms": 279911864233.2876 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:05 on Tue 14 Nov to 04:00 on Wed 15 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z → 1978-11-14T20:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:30–01:18 on the 13th, 00:30–01:18 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Rāsayātrā 1978 falls on Tuesday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:05 on Tue 14 Nov to 04:00 on Wed 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-11-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-18T06:40:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z", "ms": 280190451501.4525 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-19T08:36:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-19T00:36:16Z", "ms": 280283775689.0834 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-18T06:40:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z", "ms": 280190451501.4525 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-19T08:36:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-19T00:36:16Z", "ms": 280283775689.0834 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-17T20:34:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T12:34:02Z", "ms": 280154042171.1352 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-17T20:34:02+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T12:34:02Z", "ms": 280154042171.1352 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-18T21:23:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-18T13:23:03Z", "ms": 280243383095.82434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-18T21:23:03+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-18T13:23:03Z", "ms": 280243383095.82434 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:41 on Sat 18 Nov to 08:36 on Sun 19 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z → 1978-11-19T00:36:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:34 on the 17th and 21:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Saturday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 18 November. Caturthī runs from 06:41 on Sat 18 Nov to 08:36 on Sun 19 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-11-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33825, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-25T21:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z", "ms": 280849408710.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T22:10:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T14:10:23Z", "ms": 280937422856.2976 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-25T21:43:29+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z", "ms": 280849408710.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T22:10:23+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T14:10:23Z", "ms": 280937422856.2976 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-26T07:33:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T23:33:25Z", "ms": 280884804518.479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T07:33:25+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T23:33:25Z", "ms": 280884804518.479 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T07:34:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T23:34:08Z", "ms": 280971247877.1962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-27T07:34:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T23:34:08Z", "ms": 280971247877.1962 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:43 on Sat 25 Nov to 22:10 on Sun 26 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z → 1978-11-26T14:10:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:33 on the 26th and 07:34 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33825 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 26 November. Ekādaśī runs from 21:43 on Sat 25 Nov to 22:10 on Sun 26 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1891, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T21:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z", "ms": 281022435005.9818 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T20:36:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T21:47:15+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z", "ms": 281022435005.9818 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T20:36:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T18:18:53+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T10:18:53Z", "ms": 281009933420.3995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-27T20:05:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T12:05:01Z", "ms": 281016301124.679 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T18:18:50+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T10:18:50Z", "ms": 281096330082.26715 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T20:05:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:05:04Z", "ms": 281102703998.8932 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:47 on Mon 27 Nov to 20:37 on Tue 28 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z → 1978-11-28T12:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–20:05 on the 27th, 18:19–20:05 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 27th and 106 of 106 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1891 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 28 November. Trayodaśī runs from 21:47 on Mon 27 Nov to 20:37 on Tue 28 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-11-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T20:36:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T18:44:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T10:44:28Z", "ms": 281184268334.2261 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T20:36:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T18:44:28+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T10:44:28Z", "ms": 281184268334.2261 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-29T00:33:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T16:33:12Z", "ms": 281118792269.6147 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T01:21:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T17:21:12Z", "ms": 281121672269.6147 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-30T00:33:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T16:33:33Z", "ms": 281205212934.31396 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-30T01:21:33+08:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T17:21:33Z", "ms": 281208092934.31396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:37 on Tue 28 Nov to 18:44 on Wed 29 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z → 1978-11-29T10:44:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:33–01:21 on the 28th, 00:34–01:22 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Tuesday 28 November. Caturdaśī runs from 20:37 on Tue 28 Nov to 18:44 on Wed 29 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-12-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18487, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T07:26:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z", "ms": 281489193922.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T04:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T07:26:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z", "ms": 281489193922.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T04:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T12:34:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T04:34:41Z", "ms": 281507681023.2652 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-03T13:22:41+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T05:22:41Z", "ms": 281510561023.2652 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T04:35:05Z", "ms": 281594105001.7555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T13:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T05:23:05Z", "ms": 281596985001.7555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:27 on Sun 3 Dec to 04:29 on Mon 4 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z → 1978-12-03T20:29:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 3rd, 12:35–13:23 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18487 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 07:27 on Sun 3 Dec to 04:29 on Mon 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T04:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T04:29:04+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T04:35:05Z", "ms": 281594105001.7555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T13:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T05:23:05Z", "ms": 281596985001.7555 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T04:35:30Z", "ms": 281680529550.573 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T13:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T05:23:30Z", "ms": 281683409550.573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:29 on Mon 4 Dec to 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z → 1978-12-04T17:45:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 4th, 12:35–13:23 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Kunming, 1978: Monday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1978 falls on Monday 4 December. Pañcamī runs from 04:29 on Mon 4 Dec to 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T04:35:05Z", "ms": 281594105001.7555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T13:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T05:23:05Z", "ms": 281596985001.7555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T04:35:30Z", "ms": 281680529550.573 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T13:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T05:23:30Z", "ms": 281683409550.573 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec to 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z → 1978-12-05T15:22:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 4th, 12:35–13:23 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec to 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T01:45:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:35:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T04:35:05Z", "ms": 281594105001.7555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T13:23:05+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T05:23:05Z", "ms": 281596985001.7555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T04:35:30Z", "ms": 281680529550.573 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T13:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T05:23:30Z", "ms": 281683409550.573 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec to 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z → 1978-12-05T15:22:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 4th, 12:35–13:23 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:46 on Tue 5 Dec to 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28776, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T21:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T13:23:30Z", "ms": 281798610412.03937 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T23:22:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T21:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T13:23:30Z", "ms": 281798610412.03937 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:35:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T04:35:30Z", "ms": 281680529550.573 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T13:23:30+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T05:23:30Z", "ms": 281683409550.573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-06T12:35:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T04:35:55Z", "ms": 281766954642.65674 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T13:23:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T05:23:55Z", "ms": 281769834642.65674 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec to 21:24 on Wed 6 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z → 1978-12-06T13:23:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 5th, 12:36–13:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28776 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mitra Saptamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 6 December. Saptamī runs from 23:22 on Tue 5 Dec to 21:24 on Wed 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T18:04:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z", "ms": 282045876067.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T17:48:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T18:04:36+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z", "ms": 282045876067.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T17:48:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T07:42:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-08T23:42:34Z", "ms": 282008553928.91516 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-09T07:42:34+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-08T23:42:34Z", "ms": 282008553928.91516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T07:43:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T23:43:14Z", "ms": 282094993645.76184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T07:43:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T23:43:14Z", "ms": 282094993645.76184 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:05 on Sat 9 Dec to 17:48 on Sun 10 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z → 1978-12-10T09:48:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:43 on the 9th and 07:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Sunday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 10 December. Ekādaśī runs from 18:05 on Sat 9 Dec to 17:48 on Sun 10 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T17:48:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T17:55:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T17:48:27+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T17:55:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T12:37:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T04:37:40Z", "ms": 282112659913.0831 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T13:25:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T05:25:40Z", "ms": 282115539913.0831 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T12:38:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T04:38:07Z", "ms": 282199087325.4126 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T13:26:07+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T05:26:07Z", "ms": 282201967325.4126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:48 on Sun 10 Dec to 17:55 on Mon 11 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z → 1978-12-11T09:55:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 10th, 12:38–13:26 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 11 December. Dvādaśī runs from 17:48 on Sun 10 Dec to 17:55 on Mon 11 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T17:55:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T18:24:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T10:24:10Z", "ms": 282306250038.58234 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T17:55:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T18:24:10+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T10:24:10Z", "ms": 282306250038.58234 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T18:20:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T10:20:22Z", "ms": 282219621851.1964 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T20:07:35+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T12:07:35Z", "ms": 282226055118.20667 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-12T18:20:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T10:20:39Z", "ms": 282306038892.3007 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T20:07:55+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T12:07:55Z", "ms": 282312474942.90515 } }, "covered_min": 4, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:55 on Mon 11 Dec to 18:24 on Tue 12 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z → 1978-12-12T10:24:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–20:08 on the 11th, 18:21–20:08 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 11th and 4 of 107 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 211 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Monday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 11 December. Trayodaśī runs from 17:55 on Mon 11 Dec to 18:24 on Tue 12 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 4 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 31 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T19:15:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z", "ms": 282395742977.13165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T20:30:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T12:30:39Z", "ms": 282486638755.6932 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T19:15:43+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z", "ms": 282395742977.13165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T20:30:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T12:30:39Z", "ms": 282486638755.6932 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T18:20:57+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T10:20:57Z", "ms": 282392457286.34644 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-13T20:08:16+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T12:08:16Z", "ms": 282398895850.5264 } }, "covered_min": 53, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-14T18:21:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T10:21:17Z", "ms": 282478877014.6647 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T20:08:38+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T12:08:38Z", "ms": 282485317820.09576 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:16 on Wed 13 Dec to 20:31 on Thu 14 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z → 1978-12-14T12:30:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–20:08 on the 13th, 18:21–20:09 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 53 of 107 minutes on the 13th and 107 of 107 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1978 falls on Thursday 14 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:16 on Wed 13 Dec to 20:31 on Thu 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 53 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-12-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-18T02:35:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z", "ms": 282767751044.7938 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-19T05:14:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:14:17Z", "ms": 282863657110.2792 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-18T02:35:51+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z", "ms": 282767751044.7938 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-19T05:14:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:14:17Z", "ms": 282863657110.2792 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-17T20:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T12:55:39Z", "ms": 282747339260.31134 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-17T20:55:39+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T12:55:39Z", "ms": 282747339260.31134 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:46:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T13:46:01Z", "ms": 282836760869.6253 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:46:01+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T13:46:01Z", "ms": 282836760869.6253 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:36 on Mon 18 Dec to 05:14 on Tue 19 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z → 1978-12-18T21:14:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:56 on the 17th and 21:46 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kunming, 1978: Monday 18 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 18 December. Caturthī runs from 02:36 on Mon 18 Dec to 05:14 on Tue 19 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-12-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23164, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T15:13:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z", "ms": 283418038299.70087 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T14:18:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:18:12Z", "ms": 283501091673.3971 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T15:13:58+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z", "ms": 283418038299.70087 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T14:18:12+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:18:12Z", "ms": 283501091673.3971 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T07:51:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-24T23:51:42Z", "ms": 283391501672.5999 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-25T07:51:42+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-24T23:51:42Z", "ms": 283391501672.5999 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-26T07:52:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T23:52:08Z", "ms": 283477928095.96826 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T07:52:08+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T23:52:08Z", "ms": 283477928095.96826 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:14 on Mon 25 Dec to 14:18 on Tue 26 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z → 1978-12-26T06:18:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:52 on the 25th and 07:52 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23164 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kunming, 1978: Tuesday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 26 December. Ekādaśī runs from 15:14 on Mon 25 Dec to 14:18 on Tue 26 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T12:32:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z", "ms": 283581134138.6193 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T10:03:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T12:32:14+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z", "ms": 283581134138.6193 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T10:03:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T18:27:24+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T10:27:24Z", "ms": 283602443690.60986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-27T20:14:48+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T12:14:48Z", "ms": 283608888203.99036 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T18:27:59+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T10:27:59Z", "ms": 283688879288.06964 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T20:15:22+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T12:15:22Z", "ms": 283695322115.9146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:32 on Wed 27 Dec to 10:03 on Thu 28 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z → 1978-12-28T02:03:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–20:15 on the 27th, 18:28–20:15 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 107 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kunming, 1978: Wednesday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:32 on Wed 27 Dec to 10:03 on Thu 28 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-12-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1804651", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T10:03:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-29T07:00:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T23:00:52Z", "ms": 283734052392.6374 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T10:03:17+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-29T07:00:52+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T23:00:52Z", "ms": 283734052392.6374 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T00:46:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T16:46:11Z", "ms": 283625170615.78674 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T01:34:11+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T17:34:11Z", "ms": 283628050615.78674 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-29T00:46:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T16:46:40Z", "ms": 283711599892.48834 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-29T01:34:40+08:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T17:34:40Z", "ms": 283714479892.48834 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:03 on Thu 28 Dec to 07:01 on Fri 29 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z → 1978-12-28T23:00:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:46–01:34 on the 27th, 00:47–01:35 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kunming, 1978: Thursday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kunming, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Thursday 28 December. Caturdaśī runs from 10:03 on Thu 28 Dec to 07:01 on Fri 29 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kunming/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }