{ "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900", "place": { "id": "1816670", "slug": "beijing", "name": "Beijing", "region": "China", "country": "CN", "lat": 39.9075, "lon": 116.39723, "elevation_m": 49, "tz": "Asia/Shanghai" }, "year": 1900, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-01-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-04T13:03:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-04T04:57:18Z", "ms": -2208711761934.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-05T10:01:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-05T01:55:46Z", "ms": -2208636253612.5674 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-04T13:03:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-04T04:57:18Z", "ms": -2208711761934.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-05T10:01:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-05T01:55:46Z", "ms": -2208636253612.5674 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-04T12:01:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-04T03:55:25Z", "ms": -2208715475026.31 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-04T12:49:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-04T04:43:25Z", "ms": -2208712595026.31 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-05T12:01:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-05T03:55:53Z", "ms": -2208629047325.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-05T12:49:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-05T04:43:53Z", "ms": -2208626167325.5186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Thu 4 Jan to 10:01 on Fri 5 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-04T04:57:18Z → 1900-01-05T01:55:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 4th, 12:01–12:49 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Friday 5 January. Caturthī runs from 13:02 on Thu 4 Jan to 10:01 on Fri 5 Jan, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-01-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-10T23:20:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-10T15:14:26Z", "ms": -2208156333865.367 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-11T23:15:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-11T15:09:13Z", "ms": -2208070247338.9404 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-10T23:20:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-10T15:14:26Z", "ms": -2208156333865.367 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-11T23:15:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-11T15:09:13Z", "ms": -2208070247338.9404 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-11T07:42:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-10T23:36:16Z", "ms": -2208126224390.9106 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-11T07:42:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-10T23:36:16Z", "ms": -2208126224390.9106 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T07:42:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-11T23:36:02Z", "ms": -2208039838484.4717 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-12T07:42:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-11T23:36:02Z", "ms": -2208039838484.4717 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:19 on Wed 10 Jan to 23:14 on Thu 11 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-10T15:14:26Z → 1900-01-11T15:09:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:41 on the 11th and 07:41 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30109 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 11 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Putradā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Thursday 11 January. Ekādaśī runs from 23:19 on Wed 10 Jan to 23:14 on Thu 11 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-01-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26193, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T22:58:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T14:52:53Z", "ms": -2205392827451.3896 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T17:15:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T09:09:43Z", "ms": -2208005416802.949 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T17:17:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-14T09:11:50Z", "ms": -2207832489940.633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:16, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:17.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 26193 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Saturday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Beijing, 1900: Friday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1900-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1900-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Bhogi 1900 falls on Friday 12 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Saturday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26193, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T22:58:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T14:52:53Z", "ms": -2205392827451.3896 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T17:15:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T09:09:43Z", "ms": -2208005416802.949 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T17:17:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-14T09:11:50Z", "ms": -2207832489940.633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:16, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:17.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 26193 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Pongal 1900 falls on Saturday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35996, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T22:58:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T14:52:53Z", "ms": -2205392827451.3896 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T00:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-11T15:54:17Z", "ms": -2208067543000 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T00:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T15:54:17Z", "ms": -2207981143000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T00:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T15:54:17Z", "ms": -2207981143000 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T00:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T15:54:17Z", "ms": -2207894743000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Beijing.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Shanghai" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 35996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Makara Saṅkrānti 1900 falls on Saturday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-01-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16006, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T23:37:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T15:31:58Z", "ms": -2207982482406.793 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T00:26:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T16:20:34Z", "ms": -2207893165946.083 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T23:37:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T15:31:58Z", "ms": -2207982482406.793 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T00:26:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T16:20:34Z", "ms": -2207893165946.083 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T17:15:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T09:09:43Z", "ms": -2208005416802.949 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-12T19:11:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T11:05:11Z", "ms": -2207998488533.376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T19:12:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T11:06:04Z", "ms": -2207912036415.7256 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:37 on Fri 12 Jan to 00:26 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-12T15:31:58Z → 1900-01-13T16:20:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:15–19:10 on the 12th, 17:16–19:11 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 115 minutes on the 12th and 115 of 115 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16006 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 13 January. Trayodaśī runs from 23:37 on Fri 12 Jan to 00:26 on Sun 14 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26193, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T22:58:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T14:52:53Z", "ms": -2205392827451.3896 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T10:00:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z", "ms": -2207945147030.8813 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-12T17:15:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-12T09:09:43Z", "ms": -2208005416802.949 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-13T17:16:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-13T09:10:46Z", "ms": -2207918953823.3403 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-14T17:17:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-14T09:11:50Z", "ms": -2207832489940.633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1900-01-13", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-13T01:54:13Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:16, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:17.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 26193 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Saturday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1900-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1900-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mattu Pongal 1900 falls on Sunday 14 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Saturday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 09:59 on Sat 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-01-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-19T09:45:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-19T01:39:56Z", "ms": -2207427603652.2983 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-20T12:19:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-20T04:13:21Z", "ms": -2207331998754.548 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-19T09:45:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-19T01:39:56Z", "ms": -2207427603652.2983 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-20T12:19:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-20T04:13:21Z", "ms": -2207331998754.548 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-19T20:57:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-19T12:51:06Z", "ms": -2207387334002.1074 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-19T20:57:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-19T12:51:06Z", "ms": -2207387334002.1074 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-20T21:54:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-20T13:48:17Z", "ms": -2207297502708.8936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-20T21:54:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-20T13:48:17Z", "ms": -2207297502708.8936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Fri 19 Jan to 12:18 on Sat 20 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-19T01:39:56Z → 1900-01-20T04:13:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:56 on the 19th and 21:53 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Friday 19 January. Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Fri 19 Jan to 12:18 on Sat 20 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-01-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37488, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-26T21:09:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-26T13:03:28Z", "ms": -2206781791568.367 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-27T20:11:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-27T12:05:25Z", "ms": -2206698874868.3076 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-26T21:09:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-26T13:03:28Z", "ms": -2206781791568.367 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-27T20:11:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-27T12:05:25Z", "ms": -2206698874868.3076 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-27T07:34:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-26T23:28:17Z", "ms": -2206744303449.097 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-27T07:34:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-26T23:28:17Z", "ms": -2206744303449.097 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-28T07:33:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-27T23:27:30Z", "ms": -2206657950274.2856 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-28T07:33:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-27T23:27:30Z", "ms": -2206657950274.2856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:08 on Fri 26 Jan to 20:10 on Sat 27 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-26T13:03:28Z → 1900-01-27T12:05:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:33 on the 27th and 07:32 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37488 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 27 January. Ekādaśī runs from 21:08 on Fri 26 Jan to 20:10 on Sat 27 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-01-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-01-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-28T18:25:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T10:19:26Z", "ms": -2206618833694.982 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-28T18:25:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T10:19:26Z", "ms": -2206618833694.982 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-28T17:33:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T09:27:52Z", "ms": -2206621927630.013 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-28T19:25:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T11:19:43Z", "ms": -2206615217135.4473 } }, "covered_min": 60, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T17:35:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T09:29:04Z", "ms": -2206535455877.6064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-29T19:26:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T11:20:38Z", "ms": -2206528761675.1763 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:24 on Sun 28 Jan to 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-28T10:19:26Z → 1900-01-29T07:51:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:33–19:25 on the 28th, 17:34–19:26 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 60 of 112 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 112 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 28 January. Trayodaśī runs from 18:24 on Sun 28 Jan to 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan and covers 60 of 112 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-01-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-01-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29533, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T12:55:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T04:49:02Z", "ms": -2206465858139.2197 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T12:55:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T04:49:02Z", "ms": -2206465858139.2197 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-30T00:09:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T16:03:27Z", "ms": -2206511792618.492 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T00:57:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T16:51:27Z", "ms": -2206508912618.492 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-31T00:09:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T16:03:37Z", "ms": -2206425382761.302 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-31T00:57:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T16:51:37Z", "ms": -2206422502761.302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan to 12:54 on Tue 30 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z → 1900-01-30T04:49:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 29th, 00:09–00:57 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29533 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Monday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Monday 29 January. Caturdaśī runs from 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan to 12:54 on Tue 30 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-01-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T12:55:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T04:49:02Z", "ms": -2206465858139.2197 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T15:57:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z", "ms": -2206541325253.5986 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T12:55:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-30T04:49:02Z", "ms": -2206465858139.2197 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-29T05:40:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T21:34:51Z", "ms": -2206578309415.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-29T07:32:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-28T23:26:41Z", "ms": -2206571598920.7676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-01-30T05:40:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T21:34:16Z", "ms": -2206491943561.8086 }, "end": { "local": "1900-01-30T07:31:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-01-29T23:25:51Z", "ms": -2206485249359.3784 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan to 12:54 on Tue 30 Jan.", "fact": "1900-01-29T07:51:15Z → 1900-01-30T04:49:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:40–07:32 on the 29th, 05:39–07:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 112 minutes on the 29th and 112 of 112 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Yama Tarpaṇa 1900 falls on Tuesday 30 January. Caturdaśī runs from 15:56 on Mon 29 Jan to 12:54 on Tue 30 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T22:33:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z", "ms": -2206171931615.26 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T22:33:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z", "ms": -2206171931615.26 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T12:10:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T04:04:31Z", "ms": -2206209329398.4536 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-02T12:58:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T04:52:31Z", "ms": -2206206449398.4536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:10:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:04:38Z", "ms": -2206122921981.478 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:58:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:52:38Z", "ms": -2206120041981.478 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:33 on Fri 2 Feb to 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z → 1900-02-03T11:13:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 2nd, 12:10–12:58 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1900 falls on Saturday 3 February. Caturthī runs from 22:33 on Fri 2 Feb to 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 676, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T22:33:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z", "ms": -2206171931615.26 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T22:33:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z", "ms": -2206171931615.26 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-02T17:39:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T09:33:52Z", "ms": -2206189567654.5107 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-02T19:30:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-02T11:24:19Z", "ms": -2206182941095.7344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T17:41:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T09:35:05Z", "ms": -2206103095499.269 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:31:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:25:14Z", "ms": -2206096486423.6313 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:33 on Fri 2 Feb to 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-02T14:27:48Z → 1900-02-03T11:13:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:39–19:29 on the 2nd, 17:40–19:30 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 2nd and 99 of 110 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 676 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Tila Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 3 February. Caturthī runs from 22:33 on Fri 2 Feb to 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb and covers 99 of 110 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T16:34:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T08:28:37Z", "ms": -2206020682545.6426 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T16:34:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T08:28:37Z", "ms": -2206020682545.6426 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:10:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:04:38Z", "ms": -2206122921981.478 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:58:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:52:38Z", "ms": -2206120041981.478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-04T12:10:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T04:04:45Z", "ms": -2206036515404.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T12:58:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T04:52:45Z", "ms": -2206033635404.7197 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb to 16:34 on Sun 4 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z → 1900-02-04T08:28:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 3rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śrī Pañcamī 1900 falls on Sunday 4 February. Pañcamī runs from 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb to 16:34 on Sun 4 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T16:34:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T08:28:37Z", "ms": -2206020682545.6426 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T19:19:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z", "ms": -2206097162391.444 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T16:34:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T08:28:37Z", "ms": -2206020682545.6426 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:10:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:04:38Z", "ms": -2206122921981.478 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-03T12:58:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-03T04:52:38Z", "ms": -2206120041981.478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-04T12:10:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T04:04:45Z", "ms": -2206036515404.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-04T12:58:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T04:52:45Z", "ms": -2206033635404.7197 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb to 16:34 on Sun 4 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-03T11:13:58Z → 1900-02-04T08:28:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 3rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vasanta Pañcamī 1900 falls on Sunday 4 February. Pañcamī runs from 19:19 on Sat 3 Feb to 16:34 on Sun 4 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-05T14:25:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-05T06:19:16Z", "ms": -2205942044310.961 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-06T12:56:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-06T04:50:56Z", "ms": -2205860943811.717 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-05T14:25:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-05T06:19:16Z", "ms": -2205942044310.961 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-06T12:56:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-06T04:50:56Z", "ms": -2205860943811.717 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-05T05:36:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T21:30:21Z", "ms": -2205973779396.888 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-05T07:26:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-04T23:20:12Z", "ms": -2205967188015.2627 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-06T05:35:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-05T21:29:36Z", "ms": -2205887423665.4087 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-06T07:25:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-05T23:19:10Z", "ms": -2205880850179.9795 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:24 on Mon 5 Feb to 12:56 on Tue 6 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-05T06:19:16Z → 1900-02-06T04:50:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:35–07:25 on the 5th, 05:35–07:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 5th and 110 of 110 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ratha Saptamī 1900 falls on Tuesday 6 February. Saptamī runs from 14:24 on Mon 5 Feb to 12:56 on Tue 6 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-02-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19382, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-09T12:44:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-09T04:38:56Z", "ms": -2205602464078.5776 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-10T13:53:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T05:47:52Z", "ms": -2205511928139.8687 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-09T12:44:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-09T04:38:56Z", "ms": -2205602464078.5776 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-10T13:53:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T05:47:52Z", "ms": -2205511928139.8687 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-09T07:21:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-08T23:15:54Z", "ms": -2205621845811.0693 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-09T07:21:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-08T23:15:54Z", "ms": -2205621845811.0693 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-10T07:20:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-09T23:14:46Z", "ms": -2205535513946.482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-10T07:20:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-09T23:14:46Z", "ms": -2205535513946.482 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:44 on Fri 9 Feb to 13:53 on Sat 10 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-09T04:38:56Z → 1900-02-10T05:47:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:21 on the 9th and 07:20 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19382 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Jayā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 10 February. Ekādaśī runs from 12:44 on Fri 9 Feb to 13:53 on Sat 10 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-02-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-10T13:53:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T05:47:52Z", "ms": -2205511928139.8687 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T15:29:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T07:23:19Z", "ms": -2205419800536.597 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-10T13:53:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T05:47:52Z", "ms": -2205511928139.8687 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T15:29:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T07:23:19Z", "ms": -2205419800536.597 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-10T12:11:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T04:05:07Z", "ms": -2205518093434.6357 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-10T12:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-10T04:53:07Z", "ms": -2205515213434.6357 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-11T12:11:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T04:05:07Z", "ms": -2205431692624.734 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T12:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T04:53:07Z", "ms": -2205428812624.734 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 13:53 on Sat 10 Feb to 15:28 on Sun 11 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-10T05:47:52Z → 1900-02-11T07:23:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 10th, 12:10–12:58 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Sunday 11 February. Dvādaśī runs from 13:53 on Sat 10 Feb to 15:28 on Sun 11 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-02-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1610, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-11T15:29:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T07:23:19Z", "ms": -2205419800536.597 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-12T17:24:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-12T09:18:59Z", "ms": -2205326461002.5225 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-11T15:29:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T07:23:19Z", "ms": -2205419800536.597 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-12T17:24:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-12T09:18:59Z", "ms": -2205326461002.5225 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-11T17:50:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T09:44:38Z", "ms": -2205411321766.3125 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-11T19:38:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-11T11:32:21Z", "ms": -2205404859448.676 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-12T17:51:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-12T09:45:49Z", "ms": -2205324850822.2847 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-12T19:39:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-12T11:33:12Z", "ms": -2205318407594.248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:28 on Sun 11 Feb to 17:24 on Mon 12 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-11T07:23:19Z → 1900-02-12T09:18:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:50–19:37 on the 11th, 17:51–19:38 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 107 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1610 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 11 February. Trayodaśī runs from 15:28 on Sun 11 Feb to 17:24 on Mon 12 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-02-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23778, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-02-13T19:35:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-13T11:29:25Z", "ms": -2205232235485.8965 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-14T21:56:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-14T13:50:14Z", "ms": -2205137386266.0654 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-13T19:35:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-13T11:29:25Z", "ms": -2205232235485.8965 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-14T21:56:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-14T13:50:14Z", "ms": -2205137386266.0654 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-13T12:11:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-13T04:05:07Z", "ms": -2205258893357.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-13T12:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-13T04:53:07Z", "ms": -2205256013357.5527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-14T12:11:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-14T04:05:05Z", "ms": -2205172494874.6953 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-14T12:59:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-14T04:53:05Z", "ms": -2205169614874.6953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:34 on Tue 13 Feb to 21:55 on Wed 14 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-13T11:29:25Z → 1900-02-14T13:50:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 13th, 12:10–12:58 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23778 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1900 falls on Wednesday 14 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:34 on Tue 13 Feb to 21:55 on Wed 14 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-02-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-18T05:23:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-17T21:17:03Z", "ms": -2204851377306.9653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-19T07:43:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-18T23:37:53Z", "ms": -2204756527321.2456 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-18T05:23:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-17T21:17:03Z", "ms": -2204851377306.9653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-19T07:43:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-18T23:37:53Z", "ms": -2204756527321.2456 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-17T20:44:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-17T12:38:04Z", "ms": -2204882516083.1216 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-17T20:44:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-17T12:38:04Z", "ms": -2204882516083.1216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-18T21:41:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-18T13:35:55Z", "ms": -2204792644955.824 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-18T21:41:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-18T13:35:55Z", "ms": -2204792644955.824 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:22 on Sun 18 Feb to 07:43 on Mon 19 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-17T21:17:03Z → 1900-02-18T23:37:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:43 on the 17th and 21:41 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Sunday 18 February. Caturthī runs from 05:22 on Sun 18 Feb to 07:43 on Mon 19 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-02-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-02-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7927, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-25T11:14:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-25T03:08:41Z", "ms": -2204225478873.759 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-26T09:11:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T01:05:58Z", "ms": -2204146442474.872 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-25T11:14:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-25T03:08:41Z", "ms": -2204225478873.759 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-26T09:11:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T01:05:58Z", "ms": -2204146442474.872 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-25T07:01:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-24T22:55:17Z", "ms": -2204240683423.192 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-25T07:01:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-24T22:55:17Z", "ms": -2204240683423.192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-26T06:59:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-25T22:53:50Z", "ms": -2204154369562.355 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-26T06:59:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-25T22:53:50Z", "ms": -2204154369562.355 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:14 on Sun 25 Feb to 09:11 on Mon 26 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-25T03:08:41Z → 1900-02-26T01:05:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:00 on the 25th and 06:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Monday 26 February. Ekādaśī runs from 11:14 on Sun 25 Feb to 09:11 on Mon 26 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2552, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-28T03:08:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T19:02:40Z", "ms": -2203995440444.9507 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-28T23:26:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-28T15:20:16Z", "ms": -2203922383725.6743 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-28T03:08:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T19:02:40Z", "ms": -2203995440444.9507 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-28T23:26:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-28T15:20:16Z", "ms": -2203922383725.6743 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-28T00:08:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T16:02:59Z", "ms": -2204006220934.9033 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-28T00:56:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T16:50:59Z", "ms": -2204003340934.9033 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-01T00:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-28T16:02:48Z", "ms": -2203919831882.951 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-01T00:56:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-28T16:50:48Z", "ms": -2203916951882.951 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:08 on Wed 28 Feb to 23:25 on Wed 28 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-27T19:02:40Z → 1900-02-28T15:20:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 27th, 00:08–00:56 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: disputed → tithi-day · margin 2552 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 27 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mahāśivarātri 1900 falls on Tuesday 27 February. Caturdaśī runs from 03:08 on Wed 28 Feb to 23:25 on Wed 28 Feb, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-02-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-02-27T06:27:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T22:21:14Z", "ms": -2204069926013.093 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-28T03:08:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T19:02:40Z", "ms": -2203995440444.9507 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-02-27T06:27:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T22:21:14Z", "ms": -2204069926013.093 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-28T03:08:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T19:02:40Z", "ms": -2203995440444.9507 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-26T18:07:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T10:01:55Z", "ms": -2204114284509.827 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-26T19:50:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-26T11:44:39Z", "ms": -2204108120778.3213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-02-27T18:09:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T10:03:02Z", "ms": -2204027817595.2104 }, "end": { "local": "1900-02-27T19:51:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-02-27T11:45:26Z", "ms": -2204021674485.795 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:26 on Tue 27 Feb to 03:08 on Wed 28 Feb.", "fact": "1900-02-26T22:21:14Z → 1900-02-27T19:02:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:50 on the 26th, 18:08–19:50 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 26th and 102 of 102 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 27 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-02-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 27 February. Trayodaśī runs from 06:26 on Tue 27 Feb to 03:08 on Wed 28 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-02-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-03-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13229, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-04T08:28:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T00:22:16Z", "ms": -2203630664212.939 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-05T05:38:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T21:32:34Z", "ms": -2203554445813.9756 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-04T08:28:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T00:22:16Z", "ms": -2203630664212.939 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-05T05:38:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T21:32:34Z", "ms": -2203554445813.9756 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-04T12:08:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T04:02:45Z", "ms": -2203617435091.7583 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-04T12:56:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-04T04:50:45Z", "ms": -2203614555091.7583 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-05T12:08:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-05T04:02:32Z", "ms": -2203531048187.3237 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-05T12:56:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-05T04:50:32Z", "ms": -2203528168187.3237 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:27 on Sun 4 Mar to 05:38 on Mon 5 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-04T00:22:16Z → 1900-03-04T21:32:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 4th, 12:08–12:56 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13229 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Sunday 4 March. Caturthī runs from 08:27 on Sun 4 Mar to 05:38 on Mon 5 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-03-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-03-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 209, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-11T04:32:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-10T20:26:14Z", "ms": -2203040026456.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-12T06:35:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-11T22:29:03Z", "ms": -2202946256809.495 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-11T04:32:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-10T20:26:14Z", "ms": -2203040026456.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-12T06:35:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-11T22:29:03Z", "ms": -2202946256809.495 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-11T06:40:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-10T22:34:07Z", "ms": -2203032353096.1035 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-11T06:40:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-10T22:34:07Z", "ms": -2203032353096.1035 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-12T06:38:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-11T22:32:32Z", "ms": -2202946047966.5093 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-12T06:38:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-11T22:32:32Z", "ms": -2202946047966.5093 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:31 on Sun 11 Mar to 06:34 on Mon 12 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-10T20:26:14Z → 1900-03-11T22:29:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 11th and 06:38 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 209 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Sunday 11 March. Ekādaśī runs from 04:31 on Sun 11 Mar to 06:34 on Mon 12 Mar and is current at sunrise that day. It is 3 min 29 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-03-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-03-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25378, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-13T08:54:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-13T00:48:30Z", "ms": -2202851489728.2817 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-14T11:22:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-14T03:16:12Z", "ms": -2202756227922.924 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-13T08:54:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-13T00:48:30Z", "ms": -2202851489728.2817 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-14T11:22:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-14T03:16:12Z", "ms": -2202756227922.924 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-13T18:24:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-13T10:18:07Z", "ms": -2202817312696.489 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-13T20:01:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-13T11:55:37Z", "ms": -2202811462848.6377 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-14T18:25:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -2202730850158.278 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-14T20:02:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-14T11:56:19Z", "ms": -2202725021440.3604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:54 on Tue 13 Mar to 11:21 on Wed 14 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-13T00:48:30Z → 1900-03-14T03:16:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:23–20:01 on the 13th, 18:24–20:01 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 97 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25378 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 13 March. Trayodaśī runs from 08:54 on Tue 13 Mar to 11:21 on Wed 14 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 814, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T13:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z", "ms": -2202660865260.875 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T13:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z", "ms": -2202660865260.875 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T16:03:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T07:57:43Z", "ms": -2202652937230.65 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-15T18:26:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T10:20:12Z", "ms": -2202644387844.8384 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:04:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T07:58:13Z", "ms": -2202566506793.8545 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T18:27:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T10:21:14Z", "ms": -2202557925742.173 } }, "covered_min": 14, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:51 on Thu 15 Mar to 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z → 1900-03-16T08:11:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:03–18:25 on the 15th, 16:03–18:26 on the 16th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 15th and 14 of 143 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 814 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Holikā Dahana 1900 falls on Thursday 15 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:51 on Thu 15 Mar to 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon. It also reaches the next late afternoon for 14 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 814, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T13:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z", "ms": -2202660865260.875 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T13:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z", "ms": -2202660865260.875 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-15T16:03:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T07:57:43Z", "ms": -2202652937230.65 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-15T18:26:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T10:20:12Z", "ms": -2202644387844.8384 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:04:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T07:58:13Z", "ms": -2202566506793.8545 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T18:27:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T10:21:14Z", "ms": -2202557925742.173 } }, "covered_min": 14, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1900-03-15", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:51 on Thu 15 Mar to 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-15T05:45:35Z → 1900-03-16T08:11:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:03–18:25 on the 15th, 16:03–18:26 on the 16th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 142 of 142 minutes on the 15th and 14 of 143 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 814 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 15 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Holī 1900 falls on Friday 16 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 15 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:51 on Thu 15 Mar to 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 15th. It also reaches the next late afternoon for 14 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-17T18:37:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-17T10:31:05Z", "ms": -2202470934828.4736 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-16T16:17:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z", "ms": -2202565692473.515 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-17T18:37:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-17T10:31:05Z", "ms": -2202470934828.4736 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-16T06:32:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T22:26:09Z", "ms": -2202600831000.582 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-16T06:32:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-15T22:26:09Z", "ms": -2202600831000.582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-17T06:30:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T22:24:33Z", "ms": -2202514527485.212 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-17T06:30:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-16T22:24:33Z", "ms": -2202514527485.212 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar to 18:36 on Sat 17 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-16T08:11:48Z → 1900-03-17T10:31:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 16th and 06:30 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 17 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vasantotsava 1900 falls on Saturday 17 March. Pratipadā runs from 16:17 on Fri 16 Mar to 18:36 on Sat 17 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-03-20", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3999, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-19T22:40:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-19T14:34:13Z", "ms": -2202283546979.6235 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-21T00:14:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-20T16:08:49Z", "ms": -2202191471259.291 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-19T22:40:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-19T14:34:13Z", "ms": -2202283546979.6235 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-21T00:14:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-20T16:08:49Z", "ms": -2202191471259.291 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-19T21:33:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-19T13:27:34Z", "ms": -2202287546170.302 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-19T21:33:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-19T13:27:34Z", "ms": -2202287546170.302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-20T22:33:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-20T14:27:32Z", "ms": -2202197548202.351 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-20T22:33:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-20T14:27:32Z", "ms": -2202197548202.351 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:39 on Mon 19 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 21 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-19T14:34:13Z → 1900-03-20T16:08:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:33 on the 19th and 22:33 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3999 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Tuesday 20 March. Caturthī runs from 22:39 on Mon 19 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 21 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36270, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-24T01:58:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-23T17:52:49Z", "ms": -2201926030835.593 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-25T01:15:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-24T17:09:31Z", "ms": -2201842228768.791 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-24T01:58:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-23T17:52:49Z", "ms": -2201926030835.593 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-25T01:15:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-24T17:09:31Z", "ms": -2201842228768.791 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-24T12:03:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-24T03:57:19Z", "ms": -2201889761084.041 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-24T12:51:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-24T04:45:19Z", "ms": -2201886881084.041 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-25T12:03:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-25T03:57:01Z", "ms": -2201803379356.9175 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-25T12:51:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-25T04:45:01Z", "ms": -2201800499356.9175 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:58 on Sat 24 Mar to 01:15 on Sun 25 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-23T17:52:49Z → 1900-03-24T17:09:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 24th, 12:02–12:50 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36270 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śītalāṣṭamī 1900 falls on Saturday 24 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:58 on Sat 24 Mar to 01:15 on Sun 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-03-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-26T21:41:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-26T13:35:00Z", "ms": -2201682299631.251 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-27T18:56:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-27T10:50:11Z", "ms": -2201605789018.8784 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-26T21:41:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-26T13:35:00Z", "ms": -2201682299631.251 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-27T18:56:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-27T10:50:11Z", "ms": -2201605789018.8784 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-27T06:14:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-26T22:08:21Z", "ms": -2201651499403.248 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-27T06:14:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-26T22:08:21Z", "ms": -2201651499403.248 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-28T06:12:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-27T22:06:43Z", "ms": -2201565196600.819 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-28T06:12:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-27T22:06:43Z", "ms": -2201565196600.819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:40 on Mon 26 Mar to 18:55 on Tue 27 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-26T13:35:00Z → 1900-03-27T10:50:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 27th and 06:12 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Tuesday 27 March. Ekādaśī runs from 21:40 on Mon 26 Mar to 18:55 on Tue 27 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-03-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-03-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10667, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-28T15:41:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T07:35:41Z", "ms": -2201531058791.85 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-29T12:06:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T04:00:34Z", "ms": -2201457566496.9185 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-28T15:41:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T07:35:41Z", "ms": -2201531058791.85 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-29T12:06:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T04:00:34Z", "ms": -2201457566496.9185 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-28T18:39:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T10:33:28Z", "ms": -2201520391889.285 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-28T20:11:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T12:05:41Z", "ms": -2201514858794.3945 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-29T18:40:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T10:34:29Z", "ms": -2201433931329.895 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-29T20:12:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T12:06:21Z", "ms": -2201428419233.3994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:41 on Wed 28 Mar to 12:06 on Thu 29 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-28T07:35:41Z → 1900-03-29T04:00:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:11 on the 28th, 18:39–20:11 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 92 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10667 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Wednesday 28 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:41 on Wed 28 Mar to 12:06 on Thu 29 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-03-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-03-29T12:06:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T04:00:34Z", "ms": -2201457566496.9185 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-30T08:21:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-30T00:15:07Z", "ms": -2201384692865.398 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-29T12:06:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T04:00:34Z", "ms": -2201457566496.9185 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-30T08:21:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-30T00:15:07Z", "ms": -2201384692865.398 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-29T00:01:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T15:55:17Z", "ms": -2201501082783.4453 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-29T00:49:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-28T16:43:17Z", "ms": -2201498202783.4453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-30T00:00:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T15:54:59Z", "ms": -2201414700968.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-30T00:48:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-29T16:42:59Z", "ms": -2201411820968.0366 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:06 on Thu 29 Mar to 08:20 on Fri 30 Mar.", "fact": "1900-03-29T04:00:34Z → 1900-03-30T00:15:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:00–00:48 on the 28th, 00:00–00:48 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Thursday 29 March. Caturdaśī runs from 12:06 on Thu 29 Mar to 08:20 on Fri 30 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-03-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-03-31T04:36:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-30T20:30:25Z", "ms": -2201311775249.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-01T01:03:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-31T16:57:42Z", "ms": -2201238138250.693 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-03-31T04:36:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-30T20:30:25Z", "ms": -2201311775249.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-01T01:03:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-31T16:57:42Z", "ms": -2201238138250.693 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-03-31T12:01:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-31T03:55:11Z", "ms": -2201285088868.9434 }, "end": { "local": "1900-03-31T12:49:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-03-31T04:43:11Z", "ms": -2201282208868.9434 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:00:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T03:54:53Z", "ms": -2201198706946.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:48:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T04:42:53Z", "ms": -2201195826946.5024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:35 on Sat 31 Mar to 01:03 on Sun 1 Apr.", "fact": "1900-03-30T20:30:25Z → 1900-03-31T16:57:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 31st, 12:00–12:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Beijing, 1900: Saturday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1900 falls on Saturday 31 March. Pratipadā runs from 04:35 on Sat 31 Mar to 01:03 on Sun 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T21:53:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z", "ms": -2201163124649.1206 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T21:53:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z", "ms": -2201163124649.1206 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:00:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T03:54:53Z", "ms": -2201198706946.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:48:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T04:42:53Z", "ms": -2201195826946.5024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:00:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T03:54:35Z", "ms": -2201112324935.064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:48:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T04:42:35Z", "ms": -2201109444935.064 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 21:53 on Sun 1 Apr to 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z → 1900-04-02T11:11:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 1st, 12:00–12:48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Beijing, 1900: Monday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1900 falls on Monday 2 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 21:53 on Sun 1 Apr to 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T21:53:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z", "ms": -2201163124649.1206 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T21:53:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z", "ms": -2201163124649.1206 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:00:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T03:54:53Z", "ms": -2201198706946.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-01T12:48:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-01T04:42:53Z", "ms": -2201195826946.5024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:00:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T03:54:35Z", "ms": -2201112324935.064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:48:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T04:42:35Z", "ms": -2201109444935.064 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 21:53 on Sun 1 Apr to 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-01T13:47:55Z → 1900-04-02T11:11:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 1st, 12:00–12:48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Monday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1900 falls on Monday 2 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 21:53 on Sun 1 Apr to 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-04-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16414, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-03T17:21:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T09:15:51Z", "ms": -2201006648785.2827 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-02T19:17:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z", "ms": -2201086130691.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-03T17:21:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T09:15:51Z", "ms": -2201006648785.2827 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:00:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T03:54:35Z", "ms": -2201112324935.064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-02T12:48:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-02T04:42:35Z", "ms": -2201109444935.064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-03T12:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T03:54:17Z", "ms": -2201025942819.898 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-03T12:48:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T04:42:17Z", "ms": -2201023062819.898 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr to 17:21 on Tue 3 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-02T11:11:09Z → 1900-04-03T09:15:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 2nd, 11:59–12:47 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16414 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Tuesday 3 April. Caturthī runs from 19:16 on Mon 2 Apr to 17:21 on Tue 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-03T17:21:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T09:15:51Z", "ms": -2201006648785.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-04T16:14:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-04T08:08:03Z", "ms": -2200924317323.0366 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-03T17:21:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T09:15:51Z", "ms": -2201006648785.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-04T16:14:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-04T08:08:03Z", "ms": -2200924317323.0366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-03T12:00:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T03:54:17Z", "ms": -2201025942819.898 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-03T12:48:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-03T04:42:17Z", "ms": -2201023062819.898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-04T11:59:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-04T03:53:59Z", "ms": -2200939560585.4834 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-04T12:47:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-04T04:41:59Z", "ms": -2200936680585.4834 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:21 on Tue 3 Apr to 16:13 on Wed 4 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-03T09:15:51Z → 1900-04-04T08:08:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 3rd, 11:59–12:47 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1900 falls on Wednesday 4 April. Pañcamī runs from 17:21 on Tue 3 Apr to 16:13 on Wed 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-06T16:27:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-06T08:21:57Z", "ms": -2200750682730.909 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-07T17:43:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T09:37:13Z", "ms": -2200659767067.556 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-06T16:27:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-06T08:21:57Z", "ms": -2200750682730.909 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-07T17:43:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T09:37:13Z", "ms": -2200659767067.556 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-06T11:59:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-06T03:53:24Z", "ms": -2200766795692.5586 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-06T12:47:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-06T04:41:24Z", "ms": -2200763915692.5586 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-07T11:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T03:53:07Z", "ms": -2200680412999.074 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-07T12:47:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T04:41:07Z", "ms": -2200677532999.074 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:27 on Fri 6 Apr to 17:42 on Sat 7 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-06T08:21:57Z → 1900-04-07T09:37:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 6th, 11:58–12:46 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13233 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Bhavānī Utpatti 1900 falls on Saturday 7 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:27 on Fri 6 Apr to 17:42 on Sat 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-07T17:43:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T09:37:13Z", "ms": -2200659767067.556 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-08T19:33:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-08T11:27:28Z", "ms": -2200566752062.6636 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-07T17:43:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T09:37:13Z", "ms": -2200659767067.556 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-08T19:33:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-08T11:27:28Z", "ms": -2200566752062.6636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-07T11:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T03:53:07Z", "ms": -2200680412999.074 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-07T12:47:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-07T04:41:07Z", "ms": -2200677532999.074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-08T11:58:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-08T03:52:50Z", "ms": -2200594030116.7324 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-08T12:46:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-08T04:40:50Z", "ms": -2200591150116.7324 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:42 on Sat 7 Apr to 19:32 on Sun 8 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-07T09:37:13Z → 1900-04-08T11:27:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 7th, 11:58–12:46 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rāma Navamī 1900 falls on Sunday 8 April. Navamī runs from 17:42 on Sat 7 Apr to 19:32 on Sun 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-04-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20167, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-09T21:47:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-09T13:41:41Z", "ms": -2200472298699.852 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-11T00:14:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-10T16:08:20Z", "ms": -2200377099581.798 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-09T21:47:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-09T13:41:41Z", "ms": -2200472298699.852 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-11T00:14:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-10T16:08:20Z", "ms": -2200377099581.798 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-10T05:52:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-09T21:46:01Z", "ms": -2200443239354.982 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-10T05:52:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-09T21:46:01Z", "ms": -2200443239354.982 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-11T05:50:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-10T21:44:28Z", "ms": -2200356932360.475 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-11T05:50:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-10T21:44:28Z", "ms": -2200356932360.475 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:47 on Mon 9 Apr to 00:13 on Wed 11 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-09T13:41:41Z → 1900-04-10T16:08:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:51 on the 10th and 05:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20167 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Tuesday 10 April. Ekādaśī runs from 21:47 on Mon 9 Apr to 00:13 on Wed 11 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-04-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4327, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T04:35:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:29:16Z", "ms": -2200188643526.2563 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T01:38:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T17:32:06Z", "ms": -2197520874072.1387 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T04:35:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:29:16Z", "ms": -2200188643526.2563 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T04:35:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:29:16Z", "ms": -2200188643526.2563 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T05:48:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T21:42:55Z", "ms": -2200270624844.2524 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:47:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T21:41:23Z", "ms": -2200184316774.5137 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:47:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T21:41:23Z", "ms": -2200184316774.5137 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-14T05:45:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T21:39:52Z", "ms": -2200098008119.159 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:34 on Fri 13 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-12T20:29:16Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:48 on the 12th, and from 05:46 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 12th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 4327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1900-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1900-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vaiśākhī 1900 falls on Thursday 12 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:34 on Fri 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 13 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T02:42:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z", "ms": -2200281783617.0674 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T02:42:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z", "ms": -2200281783617.0674 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T11:57:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T03:51:44Z", "ms": -2200248496325.1685 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-12T12:45:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T04:39:44Z", "ms": -2200245616325.1685 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T11:57:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T03:51:28Z", "ms": -2200162112217.228 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T12:45:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T04:39:28Z", "ms": -2200159232217.228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:42 on Thu 12 Apr to 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z → 1900-04-12T20:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 12th, 11:56–12:44 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1900 falls on Thursday 12 April. Trayodaśī runs from 02:42 on Thu 12 Apr to 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-04-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T02:42:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z", "ms": -2200281783617.0674 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T02:42:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z", "ms": -2200281783617.0674 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-11T18:53:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T10:47:32Z", "ms": -2200309947939.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-11T20:20:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-11T12:14:55Z", "ms": -2200304704860.366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-12T18:54:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T10:48:32Z", "ms": -2200223487806.0845 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-12T20:21:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T12:15:35Z", "ms": -2200218265001.875 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:42 on Thu 12 Apr to 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-11T18:36:56Z → 1900-04-12T20:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:20 on the 11th, 18:54–20:21 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 11th and 87 of 87 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Thursday 12 April. Trayodaśī runs from 02:42 on Thu 12 Apr to 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16945, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-14T07:14:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T23:08:48Z", "ms": -2200092672461.2827 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T05:05:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z", "ms": -2200186854315.295 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-14T07:14:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T23:08:48Z", "ms": -2200092672461.2827 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-13T11:57:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T03:51:28Z", "ms": -2200162112217.228 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-13T12:45:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T04:39:28Z", "ms": -2200159232217.228 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-14T11:57:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-14T03:51:12Z", "ms": -2200075727807.329 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-14T12:45:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-14T04:39:12Z", "ms": -2200072847807.329 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr to 07:14 on Sat 14 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-12T20:59:06Z → 1900-04-13T23:08:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 13th, 11:56–12:44 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16945 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1900 falls on Friday 13 April. Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Fri 13 Apr to 07:14 on Sat 14 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10134, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-04-14T07:14:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T23:08:48Z", "ms": -2200092672461.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-15T09:08:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-15T01:02:03Z", "ms": -2199999476650.075 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-14T07:14:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-13T23:08:48Z", "ms": -2200092672461.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-15T09:08:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-15T01:02:03Z", "ms": -2199999476650.075 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-14T11:57:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-14T03:51:12Z", "ms": -2200075727807.329 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-14T12:45:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-14T04:39:12Z", "ms": -2200072847807.329 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-15T11:56:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-15T03:50:57Z", "ms": -2199989343076.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-15T12:44:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-15T04:38:57Z", "ms": -2199986463076.5737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:14 on Sat 14 Apr to 09:07 on Sun 15 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-13T23:08:48Z → 1900-04-15T01:02:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 14th, 11:56–12:44 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10134 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1900 falls on Saturday 14 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:14 on Sat 14 Apr to 09:07 on Sun 15 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-04-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34812, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-18T12:45:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-18T04:39:06Z", "ms": -2199727253869.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-19T13:09:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-19T05:03:19Z", "ms": -2199639401096.025 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-18T12:45:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-18T04:39:06Z", "ms": -2199727253869.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-19T13:09:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-19T05:03:19Z", "ms": -2199639401096.025 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-18T22:25:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-18T14:19:18Z", "ms": -2199692442333.169 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-18T22:25:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-18T14:19:18Z", "ms": -2199692442333.169 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-19T23:20:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-19T15:14:12Z", "ms": -2199602747642.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-19T23:20:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-19T15:14:12Z", "ms": -2199602747642.9663 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:44 on Wed 18 Apr to 13:08 on Thu 19 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-18T04:39:06Z → 1900-04-19T05:03:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:24 on the 18th and 23:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34812 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Wednesday 18 April. Caturthī runs from 12:44 on Wed 18 Apr to 13:08 on Thu 19 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-04-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-04-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1638, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-25T05:02:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-24T20:56:37Z", "ms": -2199150203235.458 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-26T02:06:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-25T18:00:28Z", "ms": -2199074372320.8086 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-25T05:02:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-24T20:56:37Z", "ms": -2199150203235.458 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-26T02:06:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-25T18:00:28Z", "ms": -2199074372320.8086 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-25T05:29:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-24T21:23:55Z", "ms": -2199148564818.0273 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-25T05:29:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-24T21:23:55Z", "ms": -2199148564818.0273 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-26T05:28:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-25T21:22:33Z", "ms": -2199062246554.1357 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-26T05:28:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-25T21:22:33Z", "ms": -2199062246554.1357 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:02 on Wed 25 Apr to 02:05 on Thu 26 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-24T20:56:37Z → 1900-04-25T18:00:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:29 on the 25th and 05:28 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1638 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Wednesday 25 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:02 on Wed 25 Apr to 02:05 on Thu 26 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-04-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-04-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-26T22:56:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-26T14:50:24Z", "ms": -2198999375844.9395 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-27T19:40:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T11:34:44Z", "ms": -2198924715846.926 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-26T22:56:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-26T14:50:24Z", "ms": -2198999375844.9395 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-27T19:40:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T11:34:44Z", "ms": -2198924715846.926 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-26T19:08:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-26T11:02:37Z", "ms": -2199013043167.7703 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-26T20:31:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-26T12:25:06Z", "ms": -2199008094382.6633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-27T19:09:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T11:03:37Z", "ms": -2198926582705.0137 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-27T20:31:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T12:25:47Z", "ms": -2198921652606.4534 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:55 on Thu 26 Apr to 19:40 on Fri 27 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-26T14:50:24Z → 1900-04-27T11:34:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:08–20:30 on the 26th, 19:09–20:31 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 82 minutes on the 26th and 31 of 82 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Friday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Friday 27 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:55 on Thu 26 Apr to 19:40 on Fri 27 Apr and covers 31 of 82 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-04-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-04-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-04-27T19:40:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T11:34:44Z", "ms": -2198924715846.926 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-28T16:28:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-28T08:22:32Z", "ms": -2198849847502.1152 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-04-27T19:40:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T11:34:44Z", "ms": -2198924715846.926 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-28T16:28:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-28T08:22:32Z", "ms": -2198849847502.1152 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-27T23:53:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T15:47:45Z", "ms": -2198909534835.4126 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-28T00:41:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-27T16:35:45Z", "ms": -2198906654835.4126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-04-28T23:53:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-28T15:47:36Z", "ms": -2198823143930.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1900-04-29T00:41:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-28T16:35:36Z", "ms": -2198820263930.7847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:40 on Fri 27 Apr to 16:28 on Sat 28 Apr.", "fact": "1900-04-27T11:34:44Z → 1900-04-28T08:22:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 27th, 23:53–00:41 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15181 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Friday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Friday 27 April. Caturdaśī runs from 19:40 on Fri 27 Apr to 16:28 on Sat 28 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-04-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37656, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T08:46:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z", "ms": -2198618397349.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T08:46:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z", "ms": -2198618397349.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T19:13:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T11:07:39Z", "ms": -2198580741376.03 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-01T20:34:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T12:28:36Z", "ms": -2198575884497.0793 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-02T19:14:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T11:08:39Z", "ms": -2198494281275.0378 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T20:35:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T12:29:18Z", "ms": -2198489442287.8613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 1 May to 07:17 on Wed 2 May.", "fact": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z → 1900-05-01T23:12:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:13–20:34 on the 1st, 19:14–20:34 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 81 of 81 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 81 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37656 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1900 falls on Tuesday 1 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 1 May to 07:17 on Wed 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T08:46:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z", "ms": -2198618397349.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T08:46:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z", "ms": -2198618397349.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-01T05:22:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-04-30T21:16:00Z", "ms": -2198630639522.2202 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-01T09:59:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T01:53:13Z", "ms": -2198614006806.8235 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 277, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-02T05:20:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T21:14:45Z", "ms": -2198544314783.8994 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T09:58:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T01:52:43Z", "ms": -2198527636947.6123 } }, "covered_min": 117, "window_min": 278, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 1 May to 07:17 on Wed 2 May.", "fact": "1900-05-01T00:40:03Z → 1900-05-01T23:12:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:21–09:58 on the 1st, 05:20–09:58 on the 2nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 73 of 277 minutes on the 1st and 117 of 278 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 4391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1900 falls on Wednesday 2 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:45 on Tue 1 May to 07:17 on Wed 2 May and covers 117 of 278 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 73 minutes; by the rule the second forenoon is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-05-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-03T06:33:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T22:27:57Z", "ms": -2198453522901.9685 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-02T07:18:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z", "ms": -2198537268776.6936 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-03T06:33:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T22:27:57Z", "ms": -2198453522901.9685 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-02T11:53:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T03:47:42Z", "ms": -2198520738029.4688 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-02T12:41:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T04:35:42Z", "ms": -2198517858029.4688 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-03T11:53:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T03:47:35Z", "ms": -2198434345090.1143 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-03T12:41:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T04:35:35Z", "ms": -2198431465090.1143 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 2 May to 06:33 on Thu 3 May.", "fact": "1900-05-01T23:12:11Z → 1900-05-02T22:27:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 2nd, 11:53–12:41 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Wednesday 2 May. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 2 May to 06:33 on Thu 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-05-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19061, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-03T06:33:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T22:27:57Z", "ms": -2198453522901.9685 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-04T06:35:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T22:29:47Z", "ms": -2198367012730.043 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-03T06:33:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-02T22:27:57Z", "ms": -2198453522901.9685 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-04T06:35:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T22:29:47Z", "ms": -2198367012730.043 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-03T11:53:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T03:47:35Z", "ms": -2198434345090.1143 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-03T12:41:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-03T04:35:35Z", "ms": -2198431465090.1143 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-04T11:53:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-04T03:47:28Z", "ms": -2198347951627.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-04T12:41:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-04T04:35:28Z", "ms": -2198345071627.4995 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:33 on Thu 3 May to 06:35 on Fri 4 May.", "fact": "1900-05-02T22:27:57Z → 1900-05-03T22:29:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 3rd, 11:52–12:40 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19061 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1900 falls on Thursday 3 May. Pañcamī runs from 06:33 on Thu 3 May to 06:35 on Fri 4 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11048, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-05T07:22:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-04T23:16:33Z", "ms": -2198277806906.6843 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-06T08:49:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-06T00:43:09Z", "ms": -2198186211097.7966 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-05T07:22:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-04T23:16:33Z", "ms": -2198277806906.6843 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-06T08:49:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-06T00:43:09Z", "ms": -2198186211097.7966 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-05T11:53:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-05T03:47:22Z", "ms": -2198261557637.752 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-05T12:41:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-05T04:35:22Z", "ms": -2198258677637.752 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-06T11:53:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-06T03:47:17Z", "ms": -2198175163116.834 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-06T12:41:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-06T04:35:17Z", "ms": -2198172283116.834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:22 on Sat 5 May to 08:48 on Sun 6 May.", "fact": "1900-05-04T23:16:33Z → 1900-05-06T00:43:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 5th, 11:52–12:40 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11048 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1900 falls on Saturday 5 May. Saptamī runs from 07:22 on Sat 5 May to 08:48 on Sun 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-05-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36950, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-09T15:28:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-09T07:22:23Z", "ms": -2197903057025.1057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-09T15:28:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-09T07:22:23Z", "ms": -2197903057025.1057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-09T05:12:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-08T21:06:33Z", "ms": -2197940007098.4316 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-09T05:12:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-08T21:06:33Z", "ms": -2197940007098.4316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T05:11:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-09T21:05:28Z", "ms": -2197853672140.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-10T05:11:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-09T21:05:28Z", "ms": -2197853672140.8062 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:27 on Wed 9 May to 17:47 on Thu 10 May.", "fact": "1900-05-09T07:22:23Z → 1900-05-10T09:41:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:12 on the 9th and 05:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36950 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Thursday 10 May. Ekādaśī runs from 15:27 on Wed 9 May to 17:47 on Thu 10 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-05-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T11:53:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T03:47:00Z", "ms": -2197829579642.2263 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-10T12:41:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T04:35:00Z", "ms": -2197826699642.2263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-11T11:52:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T03:46:58Z", "ms": -2197743182407.606 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T12:40:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T04:34:58Z", "ms": -2197740302407.606 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:47 on Thu 10 May to 19:52 on Fri 11 May.", "fact": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z → 1900-05-11T11:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 10th, 11:52–12:40 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Friday 11 May. Dvādaśī runs from 17:47 on Thu 10 May to 19:52 on Fri 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T17:47:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z", "ms": -2197808286239.105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-10T11:53:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T03:47:00Z", "ms": -2197829579642.2263 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-10T12:41:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-10T04:35:00Z", "ms": -2197826699642.2263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-11T11:52:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T03:46:58Z", "ms": -2197743182407.606 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T12:40:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T04:34:58Z", "ms": -2197740302407.606 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:47 on Thu 10 May to 19:52 on Fri 11 May.", "fact": "1900-05-10T09:41:54Z → 1900-05-11T11:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 10th, 11:52–12:40 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Friday 11 May. Dvādaśī runs from 17:47 on Thu 10 May to 19:52 on Fri 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-05-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1755, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-12T21:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T13:29:56Z", "ms": -2197621804391.3691 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:52:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z", "ms": -2197714394242.0002 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-12T21:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T13:29:56Z", "ms": -2197621804391.3691 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-11T19:23:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T11:17:31Z", "ms": -2197716149044.695 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-11T20:41:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-11T12:35:38Z", "ms": -2197711462233.0383 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-12T19:24:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T11:18:29Z", "ms": -2197629691283.0784 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-12T20:42:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T12:36:20Z", "ms": -2197625020268.1062 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:52 on Fri 11 May to 21:35 on Sat 12 May.", "fact": "1900-05-11T11:46:46Z → 1900-05-12T13:29:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:41 on the 11th, 19:23–20:41 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 49 of 78 minutes on the 11th and 78 of 78 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1755 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 12 May. Trayodaśī runs from 19:52 on Fri 11 May to 21:35 on Sat 12 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 49 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-05-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-12T21:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T13:29:56Z", "ms": -2197621804391.3691 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-12T21:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T13:29:56Z", "ms": -2197621804391.3691 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-12T19:24:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T11:18:29Z", "ms": -2197629691283.0784 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-12T20:42:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-12T12:36:20Z", "ms": -2197625020268.1062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T19:25:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T11:19:26Z", "ms": -2197543233883.6409 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-13T20:43:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T12:37:02Z", "ms": -2197538578416.5974 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:35 on Sat 12 May to 22:52 on Sun 13 May.", "fact": "1900-05-12T13:29:56Z → 1900-05-13T14:47:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:41 on the 12th, 19:24–20:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 12th and 78 of 78 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1900 falls on Sunday 13 May. Caturdaśī runs from 21:35 on Sat 12 May to 22:52 on Sun 13 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T23:42:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T15:36:36Z", "ms": -2197441404422.8013 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T23:42:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T15:36:36Z", "ms": -2197441404422.8013 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T11:52:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T03:46:54Z", "ms": -2197570386277.2144 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-13T12:40:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T04:34:54Z", "ms": -2197567506277.2144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-14T11:52:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T03:46:53Z", "ms": -2197483987376.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T12:40:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T04:34:53Z", "ms": -2197481107376.3418 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:52 on Sun 13 May to 23:42 on Mon 14 May.", "fact": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z → 1900-05-14T15:36:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Beijing, 1900: Monday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1900 falls on Monday 14 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:52 on Sun 13 May to 23:42 on Mon 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T23:42:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T15:36:36Z", "ms": -2197441404422.8013 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T22:53:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z", "ms": -2197530770673.82 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T23:42:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T15:36:36Z", "ms": -2197441404422.8013 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-13T11:52:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T03:46:54Z", "ms": -2197570386277.2144 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-13T12:40:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-13T04:34:54Z", "ms": -2197567506277.2144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-14T11:52:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T03:46:53Z", "ms": -2197483987376.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-14T12:40:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-14T04:34:53Z", "ms": -2197481107376.3418 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:52 on Sun 13 May to 23:42 on Mon 14 May.", "fact": "1900-05-13T14:47:09Z → 1900-05-14T15:36:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Monday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1900 falls on Monday 14 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:52 on Sun 13 May to 23:42 on Mon 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-05-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1318, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-17T23:27:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-17T15:21:25Z", "ms": -2197183114824.898 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-18T22:32:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-18T14:26:18Z", "ms": -2197100021881.3508 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-17T23:27:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-17T15:21:25Z", "ms": -2197183114824.898 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-18T22:32:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-18T14:26:18Z", "ms": -2197100021881.3508 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-17T22:07:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-17T14:01:31Z", "ms": -2197187908558.0186 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-17T22:07:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-17T14:01:31Z", "ms": -2197187908558.0186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-18T22:54:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-18T14:48:16Z", "ms": -2197098703880.9495 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-18T22:54:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-18T14:48:16Z", "ms": -2197098703880.9495 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:26 on Thu 17 May to 22:31 on Fri 18 May.", "fact": "1900-05-17T15:21:25Z → 1900-05-18T14:26:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:07 on the 17th and 22:53 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1318 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Thursday 17 May. Caturthī runs from 23:26 on Thu 17 May to 22:31 on Fri 18 May, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-05-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-05-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10693, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-24T10:32:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T02:26:38Z", "ms": -2196624802307.117 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-25T07:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T23:50:31Z", "ms": -2196547768809.276 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-24T10:32:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T02:26:38Z", "ms": -2196624802307.117 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-25T07:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T23:50:31Z", "ms": -2196547768809.276 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-24T04:58:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-23T20:52:59Z", "ms": -2196644820781.4856 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-24T04:58:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-23T20:52:59Z", "ms": -2196644820781.4856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-25T04:58:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T20:52:18Z", "ms": -2196558461553.6235 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-25T04:58:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-24T20:52:18Z", "ms": -2196558461553.6235 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Thu 24 May to 07:56 on Fri 25 May.", "fact": "1900-05-24T02:26:38Z → 1900-05-24T23:50:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:58 on the 24th and 04:57 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10693 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Aparā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Friday 25 May. Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Thu 24 May to 07:56 on Fri 25 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-05-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-05-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-26T05:22:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-25T21:16:25Z", "ms": -2196470614885.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-27T02:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T18:50:31Z", "ms": -2196392969344.9697 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-26T05:22:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-25T21:16:25Z", "ms": -2196470614885.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-27T02:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T18:50:31Z", "ms": -2196392969344.9697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-25T19:36:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-25T11:30:16Z", "ms": -2196505783776.947 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-25T20:51:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-25T12:45:07Z", "ms": -2196501292674.3184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-26T19:37:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T11:31:06Z", "ms": -2196419333863.3628 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-26T20:51:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T12:45:46Z", "ms": -2196414854365.285 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:21 on Sat 26 May to 02:56 on Sun 27 May.", "fact": "1900-05-25T21:16:25Z → 1900-05-26T18:50:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:35–20:50 on the 25th, 19:36–20:51 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 25th and 75 of 75 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 26 May. Trayodaśī runs from 05:21 on Sat 26 May to 02:56 on Sun 27 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-05-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-27T02:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T18:50:31Z", "ms": -2196392969344.9697 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-28T00:45:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-27T16:39:23Z", "ms": -2196314436737.798 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-27T02:56:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T18:50:31Z", "ms": -2196392969344.9697 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-28T00:45:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-27T16:39:23Z", "ms": -2196314436737.798 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-26T23:53:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T15:47:04Z", "ms": -2196403975745.5706 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-27T00:41:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-26T16:35:04Z", "ms": -2196401095745.5706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-27T23:53:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-27T15:47:11Z", "ms": -2196317568848.4531 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-28T00:41:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-27T16:35:11Z", "ms": -2196314688848.4531 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 27 May to 00:44 on Mon 28 May.", "fact": "1900-05-26T18:50:31Z → 1900-05-27T16:39:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 26th, 23:52–00:40 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 252 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Sunday 27 May. Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 27 May to 00:44 on Mon 28 May and covers all of niśītha that night. It is 4 min 12 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28384, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-05-30T20:45:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-30T12:39:43Z", "ms": -2196069616584.398 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-31T20:35:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T12:29:01Z", "ms": -2195983858991.9854 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-30T20:45:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-30T12:39:43Z", "ms": -2196069616584.398 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-31T20:35:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T12:29:01Z", "ms": -2195983858991.9854 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-30T11:53:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-30T03:47:50Z", "ms": -2196101530494.6064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-30T12:41:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-30T04:35:50Z", "ms": -2196098650494.6064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-31T11:53:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T03:47:57Z", "ms": -2196015122719.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-31T12:41:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T04:35:57Z", "ms": -2196012242719.2988 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:45 on Wed 30 May to 20:34 on Thu 31 May.", "fact": "1900-05-30T12:39:43Z → 1900-05-31T12:29:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 30th, 11:53–12:41 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28384 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1900 falls on Thursday 31 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:45 on Wed 30 May to 20:34 on Thu 31 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-06-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28384, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-05-31T20:35:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T12:29:01Z", "ms": -2195983858991.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-01T21:03:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -2195895737657.1453 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-05-31T20:35:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T12:29:01Z", "ms": -2195983858991.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-01T21:03:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -2195895737657.1453 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-05-31T11:53:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T03:47:57Z", "ms": -2196015122719.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1900-05-31T12:41:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-05-31T04:35:57Z", "ms": -2196012242719.2988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-01T11:54:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-01T03:48:05Z", "ms": -2195928714540.0974 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-01T12:42:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-01T04:36:05Z", "ms": -2195925834540.0974 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:34 on Thu 31 May to 21:03 on Fri 1 Jun.", "fact": "1900-05-31T12:29:01Z → 1900-06-01T12:57:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 31st, 11:53–12:41 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28384 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Friday 1 June. Caturthī runs from 20:34 on Thu 31 May to 21:03 on Fri 1 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34101, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T22:10:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z", "ms": -2195805324983.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T23:50:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T15:44:52Z", "ms": -2195712908370.8484 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T22:10:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z", "ms": -2195805324983.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T23:50:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T15:44:52Z", "ms": -2195712908370.8484 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T11:54:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T03:48:14Z", "ms": -2195842305975.4111 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-02T12:42:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T04:36:14Z", "ms": -2195839425975.4111 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-03T11:54:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T03:48:23Z", "ms": -2195755897043.4607 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T12:42:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T04:36:23Z", "ms": -2195753017043.4607 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:10 on Sat 2 Jun to 23:50 on Sun 3 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z → 1900-06-03T15:44:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 2nd, 11:53–12:41 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34101 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 3 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:10 on Sat 2 Jun to 23:50 on Sun 3 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34101, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T22:10:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z", "ms": -2195805324983.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T23:50:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T15:44:52Z", "ms": -2195712908370.8484 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T22:10:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z", "ms": -2195805324983.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T23:50:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T15:44:52Z", "ms": -2195712908370.8484 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-02T11:54:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T03:48:14Z", "ms": -2195842305975.4111 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-02T12:42:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-02T04:36:14Z", "ms": -2195839425975.4111 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-03T11:54:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T03:48:23Z", "ms": -2195755897043.4607 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-03T12:42:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-03T04:36:23Z", "ms": -2195753017043.4607 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:10 on Sat 2 Jun to 23:50 on Sun 3 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-02T14:04:35Z → 1900-06-03T15:44:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 2nd, 11:53–12:41 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34101 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Beijing, 1900: Sunday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1900 falls on Sunday 3 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:10 on Sat 2 Jun to 23:50 on Sun 3 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-06-09", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-08T08:41:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-08T00:35:28Z", "ms": -2195335471982.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-09T10:25:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T02:19:29Z", "ms": -2195242830803.4893 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-08T08:41:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-08T00:35:28Z", "ms": -2195335471982.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-09T10:25:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T02:19:29Z", "ms": -2195242830803.4893 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-08T04:52:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-07T20:46:03Z", "ms": -2195349236534.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-08T04:52:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-07T20:46:03Z", "ms": -2195349236534.2415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-09T04:51:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-08T20:45:51Z", "ms": -2195262849029.377 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-09T04:51:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-08T20:45:51Z", "ms": -2195262849029.377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:40 on Fri 8 Jun to 10:24 on Sat 9 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-08T00:35:28Z → 1900-06-09T02:19:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:51 on the 8th and 04:51 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 9 June. Ekādaśī runs from 08:40 on Fri 8 Jun to 10:24 on Sat 9 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1022, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-09T10:25:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T02:19:29Z", "ms": -2195242830803.4893 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-10T11:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T03:32:33Z", "ms": -2195152047373.7183 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-09T10:25:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T02:19:29Z", "ms": -2195242830803.4893 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-10T11:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T03:32:33Z", "ms": -2195152047373.7183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-09T11:55:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T03:49:23Z", "ms": -2195237436750.96 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-09T12:43:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-09T04:37:23Z", "ms": -2195234556750.96 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-10T11:55:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T03:49:34Z", "ms": -2195151025753.8022 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-10T12:43:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T04:37:34Z", "ms": -2195148145753.8022 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:24 on Sat 9 Jun to 11:38 on Sun 10 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-09T02:19:29Z → 1900-06-10T03:32:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 9th, 11:55–12:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1022 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 9 June. Dvādaśī runs from 10:24 on Sat 9 Jun to 11:38 on Sun 10 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-06-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27100, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-10T11:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T03:32:33Z", "ms": -2195152047373.7183 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-11T12:16:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-11T04:10:19Z", "ms": -2195063381085.891 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-10T11:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T03:32:33Z", "ms": -2195152047373.7183 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-11T12:16:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-11T04:10:19Z", "ms": -2195063381085.891 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-10T19:47:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T11:41:28Z", "ms": -2195122711907.1116 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-10T21:00:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-10T12:54:01Z", "ms": -2195118359419.322 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-11T19:47:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-11T11:41:59Z", "ms": -2195036280818.2815 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-11T21:00:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-11T12:54:27Z", "ms": -2195031933372.6604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:38 on Sun 10 Jun to 12:15 on Mon 11 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-10T03:32:33Z → 1900-06-11T04:10:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:46–20:59 on the 10th, 19:47–20:59 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 73 of 73 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 72 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27100 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 10 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 10 June. Trayodaśī runs from 11:38 on Sun 10 Jun to 12:15 on Mon 11 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-06-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-06-12T12:17:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-12T04:11:47Z", "ms": -2194976893435.6558 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-13T11:44:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-13T03:38:36Z", "ms": -2194892484302.1426 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-12T12:17:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-12T04:11:47Z", "ms": -2194976893435.6558 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-13T11:44:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-13T03:38:36Z", "ms": -2194892484302.1426 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-12T19:48:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-12T11:42:29Z", "ms": -2194949851239.2117 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-12T21:00:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-12T12:54:52Z", "ms": -2194945508378.776 } }, "covered_min": 72, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-13T19:48:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-13T11:42:57Z", "ms": -2194863423201.8115 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-13T21:01:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-13T12:55:16Z", "ms": -2194859084465.8723 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:17 on Tue 12 Jun to 11:44 on Wed 13 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-12T04:11:47Z → 1900-06-13T03:38:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:47–21:00 on the 12th, 19:48–21:00 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 72 of 72 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 72 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 12 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:17 on Tue 12 Jun to 11:44 on Wed 13 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-06-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-16T07:18:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-15T23:12:48Z", "ms": -2194649232455.4065 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-17T05:12:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-16T21:06:25Z", "ms": -2194570415062.96 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-16T07:18:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-15T23:12:48Z", "ms": -2194649232455.4065 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-17T05:12:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-16T21:06:25Z", "ms": -2194570415062.96 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-15T21:34:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-15T13:28:45Z", "ms": -2194684274642.3826 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-15T21:34:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-15T13:28:45Z", "ms": -2194684274642.3826 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-16T22:13:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-16T14:07:39Z", "ms": -2194595541099.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-16T22:13:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-16T14:07:39Z", "ms": -2194595541099.0215 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:18 on Sat 16 Jun to 05:11 on Sun 17 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-15T23:12:48Z → 1900-06-16T21:06:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:34 on the 15th and 22:13 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 16 June. Caturthī runs from 07:18 on Sat 16 Jun to 05:11 on Sun 17 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-06-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-06-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32255, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-22T15:40:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-22T07:34:07Z", "ms": -2194100753000.5735 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-23T13:49:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-23T05:43:50Z", "ms": -2194020969536.222 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-22T15:40:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-22T07:34:07Z", "ms": -2194100753000.5735 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-23T13:49:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-23T05:43:50Z", "ms": -2194020969536.222 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-22T04:52:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-21T20:46:02Z", "ms": -2194139637931.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-22T04:52:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-21T20:46:02Z", "ms": -2194139637931.8845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-23T04:52:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-22T20:46:16Z", "ms": -2194053224064.6213 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-23T04:52:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-22T20:46:16Z", "ms": -2194053224064.6213 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:39 on Fri 22 Jun to 13:49 on Sat 23 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-22T07:34:07Z → 1900-06-23T05:43:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:51 on the 22nd and 04:51 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32255 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 23 June. Ekādaśī runs from 15:39 on Fri 22 Jun to 13:49 on Sat 23 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-06-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-06-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27448, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-24T12:14:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T04:08:47Z", "ms": -2193940272806.8774 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-25T10:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T02:52:05Z", "ms": -2193858474993.7363 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-24T12:14:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T04:08:47Z", "ms": -2193940272806.8774 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-25T10:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T02:52:05Z", "ms": -2193858474993.7363 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-24T19:52:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T11:46:15Z", "ms": -2193912824834.7373 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-24T21:04:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T12:58:20Z", "ms": -2193908500333.3086 } }, "covered_min": 72, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-25T19:52:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T11:46:23Z", "ms": -2193826417496.4336 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-25T21:04:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T12:58:29Z", "ms": -2193822091432.2527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:14 on Sun 24 Jun to 10:57 on Mon 25 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-24T04:08:47Z → 1900-06-25T02:52:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:51–21:03 on the 24th, 19:51–21:03 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 72 of 72 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 72 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27448 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 24 June. Trayodaśī runs from 12:14 on Sun 24 Jun to 10:57 on Mon 25 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-06-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-06-25", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33381, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-25T10:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T02:52:05Z", "ms": -2193858474993.7363 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-26T10:03:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-26T01:57:06Z", "ms": -2193775373719.216 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-25T10:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T02:52:05Z", "ms": -2193858474993.7363 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-26T10:03:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-26T01:57:06Z", "ms": -2193775373719.216 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-24T23:58:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T15:52:32Z", "ms": -2193898047954.38 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-25T00:46:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-24T16:40:32Z", "ms": -2193895167954.38 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-25T23:58:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T15:52:45Z", "ms": -2193811634755.755 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-26T00:46:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-25T16:40:45Z", "ms": -2193808754755.755 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:57 on Mon 25 Jun to 10:02 on Tue 26 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-25T02:52:05Z → 1900-06-26T01:57:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 24th, 23:58–00:46 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33381 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Monday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Monday 25 June. Caturdaśī runs from 10:57 on Mon 25 Jun to 10:02 on Tue 26 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7068, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-06-28T09:32:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-28T01:26:00Z", "ms": -2193604439716.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-29T10:01:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-29T01:55:35Z", "ms": -2193516264524.8975 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-28T09:32:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-28T01:26:00Z", "ms": -2193604439716.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-29T10:01:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-29T01:55:35Z", "ms": -2193516264524.8975 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-28T11:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-28T03:53:12Z", "ms": -2193595607911.986 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-28T12:47:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-28T04:41:12Z", "ms": -2193592727911.986 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-29T11:59:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-29T03:53:24Z", "ms": -2193509196103.5234 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-29T12:47:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-29T04:41:24Z", "ms": -2193506316103.5234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 09:31 on Thu 28 Jun to 10:01 on Fri 29 Jun.", "fact": "1900-06-28T01:26:00Z → 1900-06-29T01:55:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 28th, 11:58–12:46 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7068 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rathayātrā 1900 falls on Thursday 28 June. Dvitīyā runs from 09:31 on Thu 28 Jun to 10:01 on Fri 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-06-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-06-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-06-30T11:03:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-30T02:57:01Z", "ms": -2193426179025.974 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:34:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:28:50Z", "ms": -2193334270074.3823 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-06-30T11:03:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-30T02:57:01Z", "ms": -2193426179025.974 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:34:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:28:50Z", "ms": -2193334270074.3823 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-06-30T11:59:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-30T03:53:36Z", "ms": -2193422784496.7476 }, "end": { "local": "1900-06-30T12:47:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-06-30T04:41:36Z", "ms": -2193419904496.7476 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-01T11:59:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T03:53:47Z", "ms": -2193336373116.499 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:41:47Z", "ms": -2193333493116.499 } }, "covered_min": 35, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:02 on Sat 30 Jun to 12:34 on Sun 1 Jul.", "fact": "1900-06-30T02:57:01Z → 1900-07-01T04:28:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 30th, 11:59–12:47 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 35 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-06-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 30 June. Caturthī runs from 11:02 on Sat 30 Jun to 12:34 on Sun 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 35 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-06-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:34:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:28:50Z", "ms": -2193334270074.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-02T14:32:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-02T06:26:29Z", "ms": -2193240811479.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:34:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:28:50Z", "ms": -2193334270074.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-02T14:32:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-02T06:26:29Z", "ms": -2193240811479.0781 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-01T11:59:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T03:53:47Z", "ms": -2193336373116.499 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-01T12:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-01T04:41:47Z", "ms": -2193333493116.499 } }, "covered_min": 13, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-02T11:59:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-02T03:53:58Z", "ms": -2193249961986.6047 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-02T12:47:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-02T04:41:58Z", "ms": -2193247081986.6047 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:34 on Sun 1 Jul to 14:31 on Mon 2 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-01T04:28:50Z → 1900-07-02T06:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 1st, 11:59–12:47 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 13 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Skanda Pañcamī 1900 falls on Monday 2 July. Pañcamī runs from 12:34 on Sun 1 Jul to 14:31 on Mon 2 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 13 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-03T16:47:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-03T08:41:55Z", "ms": -2193146285074.0159 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-04T19:09:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-04T11:03:59Z", "ms": -2193051360590.4397 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-03T16:47:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-03T08:41:55Z", "ms": -2193146285074.0159 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-04T19:09:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-04T11:03:59Z", "ms": -2193051360590.4397 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-03T12:00:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-03T03:54:09Z", "ms": -2193163551129.879 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-03T12:48:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-03T04:42:09Z", "ms": -2193160671129.879 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-04T12:00:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-04T03:54:19Z", "ms": -2193077140568.144 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-04T12:48:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-04T04:42:19Z", "ms": -2193074260568.144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:47 on Tue 3 Jul to 19:09 on Wed 4 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-03T08:41:55Z → 1900-07-04T11:03:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 3rd, 11:59–12:47 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vivasvat Saptamī 1900 falls on Wednesday 4 July. Saptamī runs from 16:47 on Tue 3 Jul to 19:09 on Wed 4 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-07-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-08T00:45:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-07T16:39:45Z", "ms": -2192772014628.8604 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-09T01:30:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-08T17:24:38Z", "ms": -2192682922358.42 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-08T00:45:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-07T16:39:45Z", "ms": -2192772014628.8604 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-09T01:30:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-08T17:24:38Z", "ms": -2192682922358.42 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-08T04:58:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-07T20:52:56Z", "ms": -2192756824253.411 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-08T04:58:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-07T20:52:56Z", "ms": -2192756824253.411 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-09T04:59:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-08T20:53:33Z", "ms": -2192670386519.2654 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-09T04:59:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-08T20:53:33Z", "ms": -2192670386519.2654 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:45 on Sun 8 Jul to 01:30 on Mon 9 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-07T16:39:45Z → 1900-07-08T17:24:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:58 on the 8th and 04:59 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Sunday 8 July. Ekādaśī runs from 00:45 on Sun 8 Jul to 01:30 on Mon 9 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-07-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-07-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13523, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-10T01:31:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-09T17:25:47Z", "ms": -2192596452641.5632 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-11T00:49:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-10T16:43:07Z", "ms": -2192512613496.986 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-10T01:31:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-09T17:25:47Z", "ms": -2192596452641.5632 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-11T00:49:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-10T16:43:07Z", "ms": -2192512613496.986 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-09T19:50:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-09T11:44:41Z", "ms": -2192616919235.8662 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-09T21:03:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-09T12:57:57Z", "ms": -2192612523020.5432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-10T19:50:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-10T11:44:19Z", "ms": -2192530541351.8628 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-10T21:03:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-10T12:57:43Z", "ms": -2192526136851.1714 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:31 on Tue 10 Jul to 00:48 on Wed 11 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-09T17:25:47Z → 1900-07-10T16:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:50–21:03 on the 9th, 19:49–21:03 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 73 minutes on the 9th and 73 of 73 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13523 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 10 July. Trayodaśī runs from 01:31 on Tue 10 Jul to 00:48 on Wed 11 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-12T05:01:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T20:55:34Z", "ms": -2192411066483.8374 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T07:59:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T23:53:09Z", "ms": -2192400411478.2742 } }, "covered_min": 178, "window_min": 178, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-13T05:02:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T20:56:16Z", "ms": -2192324624318.8054 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-13T07:59:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T23:53:37Z", "ms": -2192313983338.7056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 177, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z → 1900-07-12T13:21:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:01–07:58 on the 12th, 05:01–07:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 178 of 178 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 177 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vyāsa Pūjā 1900 falls on Thursday 12 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T12:01:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T03:55:23Z", "ms": -2192472276512.9937 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-11T12:49:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T04:43:23Z", "ms": -2192469396512.9937 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-12T12:01:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T03:55:31Z", "ms": -2192385868969.9294 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T12:49:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T04:43:31Z", "ms": -2192382988969.9294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z → 1900-07-12T13:21:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 11th, 12:01–12:49 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Guru Pūrṇimā 1900 falls on Thursday 12 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5905, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T16:52:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T08:46:06Z", "ms": -2192454833862.7837 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-11T19:49:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T11:43:55Z", "ms": -2192444165429.3103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 178, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-12T16:51:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T08:45:54Z", "ms": -2192368446461.5847 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T19:49:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T11:43:29Z", "ms": -2192357791456.0215 } }, "covered_min": 178, "window_min": 178, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z → 1900-07-12T13:21:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:51–19:49 on the 11th, 16:51–19:48 on the 12th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 178 minutes on the 11th and 178 of 178 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5905 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kokilā Vrata 1900 falls on Thursday 12 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T23:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z", "ms": -2192431208049.131 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T13:21:54Z", "ms": -2192351886181.9646 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-11T19:49:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T11:43:55Z", "ms": -2192444165429.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-11T21:03:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-11T12:57:28Z", "ms": -2192439752236.5806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-12T19:49:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T11:43:29Z", "ms": -2192357791456.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-12T21:03:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-12T12:57:11Z", "ms": -2192353369171.0593 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-11T15:19:52Z → 1900-07-12T13:21:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:49–21:02 on the 11th, 19:48–21:02 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 74 minutes on the 11th and 74 of 74 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śiva Śayanotsava 1900 falls on Thursday 12 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:25 on Wed 11 Jul to 21:27 on Thu 12 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-13T19:02:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-13T10:56:43Z", "ms": -2192274197462.8794 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-14T16:18:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-14T08:12:42Z", "ms": -2192197637994.706 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-13T19:02:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-13T10:56:43Z", "ms": -2192274197462.8794 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-14T16:18:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-14T08:12:42Z", "ms": -2192197637994.706 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-13T20:11:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-13T12:05:01Z", "ms": -2192270098705.0542 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-13T20:11:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-13T12:05:01Z", "ms": -2192270098705.0542 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-14T20:48:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-14T12:42:32Z", "ms": -2192181448251.9644 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-14T20:48:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-14T12:42:32Z", "ms": -2192181448251.9644 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 19:02 on Fri 13 Jul to 16:18 on Sat 14 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-13T10:56:43Z → 1900-07-14T08:12:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:10 on the 13th and 20:48 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Beijing, 1900: Friday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1900 falls on Friday 13 July. Dvitīyā runs from 19:02 on Fri 13 Jul to 16:18 on Sat 14 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-07-15", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28696, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-15T13:24:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-15T05:18:31Z", "ms": -2192121689293.8342 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-16T10:28:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-16T02:22:30Z", "ms": -2192045850199.171 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-15T13:24:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-15T05:18:31Z", "ms": -2192121689293.8342 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-16T10:28:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-16T02:22:30Z", "ms": -2192045850199.171 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-15T21:22:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-15T13:16:47Z", "ms": -2192092992888.874 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-15T21:22:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-15T13:16:47Z", "ms": -2192092992888.874 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-16T21:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-16T13:49:17Z", "ms": -2192004642966.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-16T21:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-16T13:49:17Z", "ms": -2192004642966.4404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:24 on Sun 15 Jul to 10:27 on Mon 16 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-15T05:18:31Z → 1900-07-16T02:22:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:22 on the 15th and 21:54 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28696 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 15 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Sunday 15 July. Caturthī runs from 13:24 on Sun 15 Jul to 10:27 on Mon 16 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-07-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-07-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-21T21:52:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-21T13:46:13Z", "ms": -2191572827339.518 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-22T21:04:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-22T12:58:08Z", "ms": -2191489312213.4297 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-21T21:52:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-21T13:46:13Z", "ms": -2191572827339.518 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-22T21:04:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-22T12:58:08Z", "ms": -2191489312213.4297 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-22T05:09:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-21T21:03:17Z", "ms": -2191546603358.8738 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-22T05:09:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-21T21:03:17Z", "ms": -2191546603358.8738 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-23T05:10:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-22T21:04:07Z", "ms": -2191460152673.4941 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-23T05:10:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-22T21:04:07Z", "ms": -2191460152673.4941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:51 on Sat 21 Jul to 21:03 on Sun 22 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-21T13:46:13Z → 1900-07-22T12:58:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 22nd and 05:09 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Sunday 22 July. Ekādaśī runs from 21:51 on Sat 21 Jul to 21:03 on Sun 22 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-07-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-23T20:39:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-23T12:33:47Z", "ms": -2191404373150.1814 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-24T20:38:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T12:32:57Z", "ms": -2191318023037.3499 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-23T20:39:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-23T12:33:47Z", "ms": -2191404373150.1814 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-24T20:38:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T12:32:57Z", "ms": -2191318023037.3499 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-23T19:42:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-23T11:36:38Z", "ms": -2191407801766.818 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-23T20:58:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-23T12:52:25Z", "ms": -2191403255045.3994 } }, "covered_min": 19, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-24T19:41:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T11:35:50Z", "ms": -2191321449855.4343 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-24T20:57:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T12:51:50Z", "ms": -2191316889801.2239 } }, "covered_min": 57, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:39 on Mon 23 Jul to 20:38 on Tue 24 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-23T12:33:47Z → 1900-07-24T12:32:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:42–20:57 on the 23rd, 19:41–20:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 19 of 76 minutes on the 23rd and 57 of 76 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1118 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 24 July. Trayodaśī runs from 20:39 on Mon 23 Jul to 20:38 on Tue 24 Jul and covers 57 of 76 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 19 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-07-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10864, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-24T20:38:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T12:32:57Z", "ms": -2191318023037.3499 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-25T21:01:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-25T12:55:48Z", "ms": -2191230252486.2483 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-24T20:38:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T12:32:57Z", "ms": -2191318023037.3499 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-25T21:01:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-25T12:55:48Z", "ms": -2191230252486.2483 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-25T00:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T15:56:50Z", "ms": -2191305789652.1455 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-25T00:50:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-24T16:44:50Z", "ms": -2191302909652.1455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-26T00:02:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-25T15:56:52Z", "ms": -2191219388323.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-26T00:50:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-25T16:44:52Z", "ms": -2191216508323.7446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:38 on Tue 24 Jul to 21:01 on Wed 25 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-24T12:32:57Z → 1900-07-25T12:55:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:02–00:50 on the 24th, 00:02–00:50 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10864 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Tuesday 24 July. Caturdaśī runs from 20:38 on Tue 24 Jul to 21:01 on Wed 25 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-07-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34077, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-07-29T00:36:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-28T16:30:15Z", "ms": -2190958184972.6482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-30T02:34:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T18:28:25Z", "ms": -2190864695002.53 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-29T00:36:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-28T16:30:15Z", "ms": -2190958184972.6482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-30T02:34:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T18:28:25Z", "ms": -2190864695002.53 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-29T12:02:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T03:56:24Z", "ms": -2190917016123.7969 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-29T12:50:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T04:44:24Z", "ms": -2190914136123.7969 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-30T12:02:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T03:56:22Z", "ms": -2190830618000.9666 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-30T12:50:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T04:44:22Z", "ms": -2190827738000.9666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:35 on Sun 29 Jul to 02:33 on Mon 30 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-28T16:30:15Z → 1900-07-29T18:28:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 29th, 12:01–12:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34077 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 29 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1900 falls on Sunday 29 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:35 on Sun 29 Jul to 02:33 on Mon 30 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-07-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25917, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-30T02:34:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T18:28:25Z", "ms": -2190864695002.53 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-31T04:50:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T20:44:23Z", "ms": -2190770137179.2007 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-30T02:34:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-29T18:28:25Z", "ms": -2190864695002.53 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-31T04:50:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T20:44:23Z", "ms": -2190770137179.2007 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-30T12:02:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T03:56:22Z", "ms": -2190830618000.9666 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-30T12:50:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T04:44:22Z", "ms": -2190827738000.9666 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-31T12:02:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T03:56:20Z", "ms": -2190744220482.589 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-31T12:50:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T04:44:20Z", "ms": -2190741340482.589 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:33 on Mon 30 Jul to 04:49 on Tue 31 Jul.", "fact": "1900-07-29T18:28:25Z → 1900-07-30T20:44:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 30th, 12:01–12:49 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25917 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Monday 30 July. Caturthī runs from 02:33 on Mon 30 Jul to 04:49 on Tue 31 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-07-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-07-31T04:50:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T20:44:23Z", "ms": -2190770137179.2007 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-01T07:16:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T23:10:31Z", "ms": -2190674968917.4187 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-07-31T04:50:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-30T20:44:23Z", "ms": -2190770137179.2007 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-01T07:16:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T23:10:31Z", "ms": -2190674968917.4187 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-07-31T12:02:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T03:56:20Z", "ms": -2190744220482.589 }, "end": { "local": "1900-07-31T12:50:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-07-31T04:44:20Z", "ms": -2190741340482.589 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-01T12:02:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-01T03:56:16Z", "ms": -2190657823571.9395 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-01T12:50:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-01T04:44:16Z", "ms": -2190654943571.9395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:49 on Tue 31 Jul to 07:16 on Wed 1 Aug.", "fact": "1900-07-30T20:44:23Z → 1900-07-31T23:10:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 31st, 12:01–12:49 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Nāga Pañcamī 1900 falls on Tuesday 31 July. Pañcamī runs from 04:49 on Tue 31 Jul to 07:16 on Wed 1 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-08-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33497, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-06T15:10:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-06T07:04:03Z", "ms": -2190214556515.3003 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-07T14:41:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T06:35:59Z", "ms": -2190129841044.792 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-06T15:10:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-06T07:04:03Z", "ms": -2190214556515.3003 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-07T14:41:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T06:35:59Z", "ms": -2190129841044.792 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-06T05:22:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-05T21:16:46Z", "ms": -2190249794240.7231 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-06T05:22:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-05T21:16:46Z", "ms": -2190249794240.7231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-07T05:23:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-06T21:17:42Z", "ms": -2190163337920.5654 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-07T05:23:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-06T21:17:42Z", "ms": -2190163337920.5654 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:09 on Mon 6 Aug to 14:41 on Tue 7 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-06T07:04:03Z → 1900-08-07T06:35:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:22 on the 6th and 05:23 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33497 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Putradā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Tuesday 7 August. Ekādaśī runs from 15:09 on Mon 6 Aug to 14:41 on Tue 7 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2105, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-07T14:41:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T06:35:59Z", "ms": -2190129841044.792 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-08T13:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T05:18:43Z", "ms": -2190048076946.373 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-07T14:41:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T06:35:59Z", "ms": -2190129841044.792 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-08T13:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T05:18:43Z", "ms": -2190048076946.373 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-07T12:01:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T03:55:45Z", "ms": -2190139454903.017 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-07T12:49:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-07T04:43:45Z", "ms": -2190136574903.017 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-08T12:01:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T03:55:38Z", "ms": -2190053062236.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-08T12:49:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T04:43:38Z", "ms": -2190050182236.7842 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:41 on Tue 7 Aug to 13:24 on Wed 8 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-07T06:35:59Z → 1900-08-08T05:18:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 7th, 12:01–12:49 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2105 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Wednesday 8 August. Dvādaśī runs from 14:41 on Tue 7 Aug to 13:24 on Wed 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-08-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-08T13:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T05:18:43Z", "ms": -2190048076946.373 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-09T11:22:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-09T03:16:44Z", "ms": -2189968995574.3542 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-08T13:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T05:18:43Z", "ms": -2190048076946.373 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-09T11:22:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-09T03:16:44Z", "ms": -2189968995574.3542 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-08T19:26:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T11:20:37Z", "ms": -2190026363016.9824 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-08T20:46:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-08T12:40:29Z", "ms": -2190021571263.6763 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-09T19:25:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-09T11:19:25Z", "ms": -2189940035452.6646 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-09T20:45:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-09T12:39:34Z", "ms": -2189935226481.4053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:24 on Wed 8 Aug to 11:22 on Thu 9 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-08T05:18:43Z → 1900-08-09T03:16:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:45 on the 8th, 19:24–20:45 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 80 of 80 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 80 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Wednesday 8 August. Trayodaśī runs from 13:24 on Wed 8 Aug to 11:22 on Thu 9 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 507, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T08:43:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T00:37:24Z", "ms": -2189892156160.11 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:29:56Z", "ms": -2189817004204.1924 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T19:12:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T11:06:33Z", "ms": -2189854406884.4695 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:29:56Z", "ms": -2189817004204.1924 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T05:26:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-09T21:20:32Z", "ms": -2189903968168.22 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:27:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:21:29Z", "ms": -2189817511372.9365 } }, "covered_min": 615, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:27:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:21:29Z", "ms": -2189817511372.9365 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-12T05:28:26+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T21:22:26Z", "ms": -2189731054492.2222 } }, "covered_min": 8, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:42 on Fri 10 Aug to 05:35 on Sat 11 Aug. Its second half begins at 19:12 on Fri 10 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-10T00:37:24Z → 1900-08-10T21:29:56Z · second half from 1900-08-10T11:06:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:26 on the 10th, and from 05:26 on the 11th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 615 of 1441 minutes on the 10th and 8 of 1441 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 507 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Beijing, 1900: Friday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1900 falls on Friday 10 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 19:12 on Fri 10 Aug to 05:35 on Sat 11 Aug and falls on two days: 615 minutes of it on the 10th, 8 on the 11th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11877, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T08:43:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T00:37:24Z", "ms": -2189892156160.11 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:29:56Z", "ms": -2189817004204.1924 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T08:43:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T00:37:24Z", "ms": -2189892156160.11 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T05:35:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T21:29:56Z", "ms": -2189817004204.1924 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-10T12:01:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T03:55:21Z", "ms": -2189880278663.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-10T12:49:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-10T04:43:21Z", "ms": -2189877398663.8364 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-11T12:01:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T03:55:12Z", "ms": -2189793887738.4333 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T12:49:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T04:43:12Z", "ms": -2189791007738.4333 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:42 on Fri 10 Aug to 05:35 on Sat 11 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-10T00:37:24Z → 1900-08-10T21:29:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 10th, 12:00–12:48 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11877 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Beijing, 1900: Friday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1900 falls on Friday 10 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:42 on Fri 10 Aug to 05:35 on Sat 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9825, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T02:10:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T18:04:37Z", "ms": -2189742922585.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-12T22:38:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T14:32:07Z", "ms": -2189669273247.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T02:10:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T18:04:37Z", "ms": -2189742922585.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-12T22:38:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T14:32:07Z", "ms": -2189669273247.295 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-11T19:19:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T11:13:59Z", "ms": -2189767561055.6924 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-11T19:19:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-11T11:13:59Z", "ms": -2189767561055.6924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T19:54:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T11:48:22Z", "ms": -2189679098452.402 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-12T19:54:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T11:48:22Z", "ms": -2189679098452.402 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 02:10 on Sun 12 Aug to 22:37 on Sun 12 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-11T18:04:37Z → 1900-08-12T14:32:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:19 on the 11th and 19:53 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9825 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 12 August. Dvitīyā runs from 02:10 on Sun 12 Aug to 22:37 on Sun 12 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22796, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T22:38:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T14:32:07Z", "ms": -2189669273247.295 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T22:38:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T14:32:07Z", "ms": -2189669273247.295 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-12T12:01:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T03:55:03Z", "ms": -2189707497372.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-12T12:49:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-12T04:43:03Z", "ms": -2189704617372.3418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T12:00:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T03:54:52Z", "ms": -2189621107553.252 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-13T12:48:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T04:42:52Z", "ms": -2189618227553.252 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:37 on Sun 12 Aug to 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-12T14:32:07Z → 1900-08-13T11:02:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 12th, 12:00–12:48 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22796 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Beijing, 1900: Monday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1900 falls on Monday 13 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:37 on Sun 12 Aug to 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 694, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T15:52:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T07:46:23Z", "ms": -2189520816716.102 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T15:52:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T07:46:23Z", "ms": -2189520816716.102 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T16:34:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T08:28:10Z", "ms": -2189604709564.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:20:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:14:22Z", "ms": -2189594737571.2966 } }, "covered_min": 12, "window_min": 166, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-14T16:33:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T08:27:19Z", "ms": -2189518360923.3743 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T19:19:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T11:13:04Z", "ms": -2189508416026.6802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 166, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug to 15:51 on Tue 14 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z → 1900-08-14T07:46:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:33–19:19 on the 13th, 16:32–19:18 on the 14th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 12 of 166 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 166 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 694 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Bahulā Caturthī 1900 falls on Monday 13 August. Caturthī runs from 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug to 15:51 on Tue 14 Aug and covers 12 of 166 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-08-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T15:52:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T07:46:23Z", "ms": -2189520816716.102 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T19:08:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z", "ms": -2189595431545.6057 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T15:52:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T07:46:23Z", "ms": -2189520816716.102 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-13T20:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T12:21:54Z", "ms": -2189590686196.561 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-13T20:27:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-13T12:21:54Z", "ms": -2189590686196.561 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-14T21:02:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T12:56:04Z", "ms": -2189502236137.211 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-14T21:02:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-14T12:56:04Z", "ms": -2189502236137.211 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug to 15:51 on Tue 14 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-13T11:02:48Z → 1900-08-14T07:46:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:27 on the 13th and 21:01 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Monday 13 August. Caturthī runs from 19:08 on Mon 13 Aug to 15:51 on Tue 14 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-08-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 528, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-15T12:57:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-15T04:51:19Z", "ms": -2189444921100.8105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-16T10:30:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T02:24:22Z", "ms": -2189367338425.1475 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-15T12:57:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-15T04:51:19Z", "ms": -2189444921100.8105 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-16T10:30:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T02:24:22Z", "ms": -2189367338425.1475 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-15T12:00:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-15T03:54:30Z", "ms": -2189448329505.1687 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-15T12:48:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-15T04:42:30Z", "ms": -2189445449505.1687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-16T12:00:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T03:54:19Z", "ms": -2189361941251.3623 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-16T12:48:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T04:42:19Z", "ms": -2189359061251.3623 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:56 on Wed 15 Aug to 10:29 on Thu 16 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-15T04:51:19Z → 1900-08-16T02:24:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 15th, 11:59–12:47 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 528 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1900 falls on Thursday 16 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:56 on Wed 15 Aug to 10:29 on Thu 16 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5397, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-16T10:30:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T02:24:22Z", "ms": -2189367338425.1475 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-17T08:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T00:30:12Z", "ms": -2189287788155.8142 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-16T10:30:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T02:24:22Z", "ms": -2189367338425.1475 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-17T08:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T00:30:12Z", "ms": -2189287788155.8142 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-16T12:00:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T03:54:19Z", "ms": -2189361941251.3623 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-16T12:48:19+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T04:42:19Z", "ms": -2189359061251.3623 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-17T12:00:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T03:54:07Z", "ms": -2189275553495.593 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-17T12:48:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T04:42:07Z", "ms": -2189272673495.593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:29 on Thu 16 Aug to 08:35 on Fri 17 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-16T02:24:22Z → 1900-08-17T00:30:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 16th, 11:59–12:47 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5397 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śītalā Saptamī 1900 falls on Thursday 16 August. Saptamī runs from 10:29 on Thu 16 Aug to 08:35 on Fri 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23315, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-17T08:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T00:30:12Z", "ms": -2189287788155.8142 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-18T07:17:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T23:11:10Z", "ms": -2189206129969.5918 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-17T08:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T00:30:12Z", "ms": -2189287788155.8142 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-18T07:17:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T23:11:10Z", "ms": -2189206129969.5918 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-17T00:00:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T15:54:47Z", "ms": -2189318712663.1785 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-17T00:48:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-16T16:42:47Z", "ms": -2189315832663.1785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-18T00:00:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T15:54:35Z", "ms": -2189232324892.393 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-18T00:48:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-17T16:42:35Z", "ms": -2189229444892.393 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:35 on Fri 17 Aug to 07:16 on Sat 18 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-17T00:30:12Z → 1900-08-17T23:11:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:00–00:48 on the 16th, 00:00–00:48 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23315 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Janmāṣṭamī 1900 falls on Friday 17 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:35 on Fri 17 Aug to 07:16 on Sat 18 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-08-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-20T06:22:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-19T22:16:45Z", "ms": -2189036594979.5833 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-21T06:42:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-20T22:36:23Z", "ms": -2188949016652.7297 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-20T06:22:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-19T22:16:45Z", "ms": -2189036594979.5833 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-21T06:42:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-20T22:36:23Z", "ms": -2188949016652.7297 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-20T05:36:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-19T21:30:03Z", "ms": -2189039397449.3264 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-20T05:36:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-19T21:30:03Z", "ms": -2189039397449.3264 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-21T05:37:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-20T21:31:00Z", "ms": -2188952940220.5496 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-21T05:37:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-20T21:31:00Z", "ms": -2188952940220.5496 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:22 on Mon 20 Aug to 06:41 on Tue 21 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-19T22:16:45Z → 1900-08-20T22:36:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:35 on the 20th and 05:36 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ajā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Tuesday 21 August. Ekādaśī runs from 06:22 on Mon 20 Aug to 06:41 on Tue 21 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-08-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-08-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-22T07:28:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-21T23:22:43Z", "ms": -2188859837391.4902 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-22T07:28:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-21T23:22:43Z", "ms": -2188859837391.4902 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-22T19:07:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-22T11:01:59Z", "ms": -2188817880658.664 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-22T20:32:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-22T12:26:07Z", "ms": -2188812833346.3264 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T19:06:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T11:00:32Z", "ms": -2188731567896.05 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-23T20:30:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T12:24:59Z", "ms": -2188726501331.1746 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:28 on Wed 22 Aug to 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-21T23:22:43Z → 1900-08-23T00:32:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:07–20:31 on the 22nd, 19:06–20:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 84 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Wednesday 22 August. Trayodaśī runs from 07:28 on Wed 22 Aug to 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-08-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T10:09:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T02:03:06Z", "ms": -2188677413660.6814 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T10:09:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T02:03:06Z", "ms": -2188677413660.6814 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T19:06:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T11:00:32Z", "ms": -2188731567896.05 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-23T20:30:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T12:24:59Z", "ms": -2188726501331.1746 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-24T19:05:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T10:59:04Z", "ms": -2188645255959.405 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T20:29:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T12:23:50Z", "ms": -2188640170037.391 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug to 10:08 on Fri 24 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z → 1900-08-24T02:03:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:06–20:30 on the 23rd, 19:04–20:29 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 84 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 85 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Aghora Caturdaśī 1900 falls on Thursday 23 August. Caturdaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug to 10:08 on Fri 24 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-08-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28262, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T10:09:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T02:03:06Z", "ms": -2188677413660.6814 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T08:38:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z", "ms": -2188769251199.8586 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T10:09:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-24T02:03:06Z", "ms": -2188677413660.6814 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-22T23:59:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-22T15:53:27Z", "ms": -2188800393237.3982 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-23T00:47:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-22T16:41:27Z", "ms": -2188797513237.3982 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-23T23:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T15:53:12Z", "ms": -2188714008277.7666 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-24T00:47:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-23T16:41:12Z", "ms": -2188711128277.7666 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug to 10:08 on Fri 24 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-23T00:32:29Z → 1900-08-24T02:03:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 22nd, 23:58–00:46 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28262 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Thursday 23 August. Caturdaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 23 Aug to 10:08 on Fri 24 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-08-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 21, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-25T11:58:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-25T03:52:32Z", "ms": -2188584447651.1235 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-26T14:04:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-26T05:58:45Z", "ms": -2188490475381.4841 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-25T11:58:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-25T03:52:32Z", "ms": -2188584447651.1235 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-26T14:04:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-26T05:58:45Z", "ms": -2188490475381.4841 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-25T11:58:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-25T03:52:12Z", "ms": -2188584468182.287 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-25T12:46:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-25T04:40:12Z", "ms": -2188581588182.287 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-26T11:57:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-26T03:51:56Z", "ms": -2188498084463.9521 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-26T12:45:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-26T04:39:56Z", "ms": -2188495204463.9521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:58 on Sat 25 Aug to 14:04 on Sun 26 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-25T03:52:32Z → 1900-08-26T05:58:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 25th, 11:57–12:45 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 21 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-25", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rudra Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 25 August. Pratipadā runs from 11:58 on Sat 25 Aug to 14:04 on Sun 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken. It is 0 min 21 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-08-27T16:24:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-27T08:18:51Z", "ms": -2188395668883.9087 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-28T18:54:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T10:48:15Z", "ms": -2188300305282.9448 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-27T16:24:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-27T08:18:51Z", "ms": -2188395668883.9087 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-28T18:54:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T10:48:15Z", "ms": -2188300305282.9448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-27T11:57:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-27T03:51:39Z", "ms": -2188411701143.2227 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-27T12:45:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-27T04:39:39Z", "ms": -2188408821143.2227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-28T11:57:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T03:51:22Z", "ms": -2188325318208.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-28T12:45:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T04:39:22Z", "ms": -2188322438208.2988 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:24 on Mon 27 Aug to 18:53 on Tue 28 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-27T08:18:51Z → 1900-08-28T10:48:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 27th, 11:56–12:44 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1900 falls on Tuesday 28 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:24 on Mon 27 Aug to 18:53 on Tue 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22133, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-28T18:54:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T10:48:15Z", "ms": -2188300305282.9448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-29T21:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T13:19:52Z", "ms": -2188204808453.9778 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-28T18:54:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T10:48:15Z", "ms": -2188300305282.9448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-29T21:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T13:19:52Z", "ms": -2188204808453.9778 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-28T11:57:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T03:51:22Z", "ms": -2188325318208.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-28T12:45:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-28T04:39:22Z", "ms": -2188322438208.2988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-29T11:57:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T03:51:04Z", "ms": -2188238935646.7622 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-29T12:45:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T04:39:04Z", "ms": -2188236055646.7622 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:53 on Tue 28 Aug to 21:25 on Wed 29 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-28T10:48:15Z → 1900-08-29T13:19:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 28th, 11:56–12:44 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22133 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1900 falls on Wednesday 29 August. Caturthī runs from 18:53 on Tue 28 Aug to 21:25 on Wed 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-29T21:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T13:19:52Z", "ms": -2188204808453.9778 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-30T23:50:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T15:44:03Z", "ms": -2188109756912.4094 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-29T21:25:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T13:19:52Z", "ms": -2188204808453.9778 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-30T23:50:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T15:44:03Z", "ms": -2188109756912.4094 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-29T11:57:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T03:51:04Z", "ms": -2188238935646.7622 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-29T12:45:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-29T04:39:04Z", "ms": -2188236055646.7622 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-30T11:56:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T03:50:47Z", "ms": -2188152553445.5576 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-30T12:44:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T04:38:47Z", "ms": -2188149673445.5576 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:25 on Wed 29 Aug to 23:49 on Thu 30 Aug.", "fact": "1900-08-29T13:19:52Z → 1900-08-30T15:44:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 29th, 11:56–12:44 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 31247 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1900 falls on Thursday 30 August. Pañcamī runs from 21:25 on Wed 29 Aug to 23:49 on Thu 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36053, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-08-30T23:50:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T15:44:03Z", "ms": -2188109756912.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-01T01:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": -2188015843305.1045 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-08-30T23:50:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-30T15:44:03Z", "ms": -2188109756912.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-01T01:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": -2188015843305.1045 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-08-31T11:56:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T03:50:28Z", "ms": -2188066171590.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1900-08-31T12:44:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T04:38:28Z", "ms": -2188063291590.9807 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-01T11:56:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T03:50:10Z", "ms": -2187979790068.6653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-01T12:44:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T04:38:10Z", "ms": -2187976910068.6653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:49 on Thu 30 Aug to 01:54 on Sat 1 Sep.", "fact": "1900-08-30T15:44:03Z → 1900-08-31T17:49:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 31st, 11:55–12:43 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36053 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Beijing, 1900: Friday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1900 falls on Friday 31 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:49 on Thu 30 Aug to 01:54 on Sat 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30378, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-01T01:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": -2188015843305.1045 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-02T03:29:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T19:23:33Z", "ms": -2187923786559.2854 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-01T01:55:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-08-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": -2188015843305.1045 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-02T03:29:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T19:23:33Z", "ms": -2187923786559.2854 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-01T11:56:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T03:50:10Z", "ms": -2187979790068.6653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-01T12:44:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T04:38:10Z", "ms": -2187976910068.6653 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-02T11:55:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T03:49:51Z", "ms": -2187893408863.5574 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-02T12:43:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T04:37:51Z", "ms": -2187890528863.5574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:54 on Sat 1 Sep to 03:29 on Sun 2 Sep.", "fact": "1900-08-31T17:49:17Z → 1900-09-01T19:23:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 1st, 11:55–12:43 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30378 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 1 September. Saptamī runs from 01:54 on Sat 1 Sep to 03:29 on Sun 2 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-02T03:29:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T19:23:33Z", "ms": -2187923786559.2854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-03T04:22:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T20:16:21Z", "ms": -2187834218786.5012 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-02T03:29:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-01T19:23:33Z", "ms": -2187923786559.2854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-03T04:22:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T20:16:21Z", "ms": -2187834218786.5012 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-02T11:55:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T03:49:51Z", "ms": -2187893408863.5574 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-02T12:43:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-02T04:37:51Z", "ms": -2187890528863.5574 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-03T11:55:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-03T03:49:32Z", "ms": -2187807027959.8555 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-03T12:43:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-03T04:37:32Z", "ms": -2187804147959.8555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:29 on Sun 2 Sep to 04:21 on Mon 3 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-01T19:23:33Z → 1900-09-02T20:16:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 2nd, 11:55–12:43 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rādhāṣṭamī 1900 falls on Sunday 2 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:29 on Sun 2 Sep to 04:21 on Mon 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-09-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-05T03:38:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-04T19:32:11Z", "ms": -2187664068970.9138 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T01:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T17:53:12Z", "ms": -2187583608401.2402 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-05T03:38:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-04T19:32:11Z", "ms": -2187664068970.9138 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T01:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T17:53:12Z", "ms": -2187583608401.2402 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-05T05:51:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-04T21:45:13Z", "ms": -2187656087218.9539 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-05T05:51:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-04T21:45:13Z", "ms": -2187656087218.9539 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T05:52:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T21:46:09Z", "ms": -2187569630823.9202 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T05:52:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T21:46:09Z", "ms": -2187569630823.9202 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:37 on Wed 5 Sep to 01:58 on Thu 6 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-04T19:32:11Z → 1900-09-05T17:53:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:50 on the 5th and 05:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Wednesday 5 September. Ekādaśī runs from 03:37 on Wed 5 Sep to 01:58 on Thu 6 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-09-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35722, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T01:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T17:53:12Z", "ms": -2187583608401.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T23:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T15:28:18Z", "ms": -2187505902064.435 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T01:59:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-05T17:53:12Z", "ms": -2187583608401.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T23:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T15:28:18Z", "ms": -2187505902064.435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T11:54:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T03:48:33Z", "ms": -2187547886885.805 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T12:42:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T04:36:33Z", "ms": -2187545006885.805 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-07T11:54:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T03:48:13Z", "ms": -2187461507010.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-07T12:42:13+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T04:36:13Z", "ms": -2187458627010.9526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:58 on Thu 6 Sep to 23:33 on Thu 6 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-05T17:53:12Z → 1900-09-06T15:28:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 6th, 11:53–12:41 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35722 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vāmana Jayantī 1900 falls on Thursday 6 September. Dvādaśī runs from 01:58 on Thu 6 Sep to 23:33 on Thu 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-09-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T23:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T15:28:18Z", "ms": -2187505902064.435 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-07T20:31:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T12:25:24Z", "ms": -2187430476083.5664 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T23:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T15:28:18Z", "ms": -2187505902064.435 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-07T20:31:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T12:25:24Z", "ms": -2187430476083.5664 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-06T18:44:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T10:38:57Z", "ms": -2187523262947.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-06T20:14:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T12:08:02Z", "ms": -2187517917817.249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-07T18:43:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T10:37:20Z", "ms": -2187436959552.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-07T20:12:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T12:06:46Z", "ms": -2187431594031.4465 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Thu 6 Sep to 20:30 on Fri 7 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-06T15:28:18Z → 1900-09-07T12:25:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:13 on the 6th, 18:42–20:12 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 6th and 89 of 89 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1118 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Friday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Friday 7 September. Trayodaśī runs from 23:33 on Thu 6 Sep to 20:30 on Fri 7 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-09-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-07T20:31:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T12:25:24Z", "ms": -2187430476083.5664 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-08T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-08T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2187356738726.3203 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-07T20:31:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T12:25:24Z", "ms": -2187430476083.5664 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-08T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-08T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2187356738726.3203 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-07T05:53:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-06T21:47:06Z", "ms": -2187483174469.3845 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-07T08:27:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T00:21:09Z", "ms": -2187473931486.0117 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-08T05:54:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-07T21:48:02Z", "ms": -2187396718144.465 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-08T08:27:34+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-08T00:21:34Z", "ms": -2187387505823.9968 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:30 on Fri 7 Sep to 16:59 on Sat 8 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-07T12:25:24Z → 1900-09-08T08:54:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:52–08:26 on the 7th, 05:53–08:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 154 minutes on the 7th and 154 of 154 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ananta Caturdaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 8 September. Caturdaśī runs from 20:30 on Fri 7 Sep to 16:59 on Sat 8 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-09-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9456, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-12T01:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-11T17:52:05Z", "ms": -2187065274551.1406 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-12T22:52:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-12T14:46:18Z", "ms": -2186990021568.4038 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-12T01:58:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-11T17:52:05Z", "ms": -2187065274551.1406 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-12T22:52:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-12T14:46:18Z", "ms": -2186990021568.4038 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-11T19:34:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-11T11:28:57Z", "ms": -2187088263104.68 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-11T19:34:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-11T11:28:57Z", "ms": -2187088263104.68 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-12T20:14:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-12T12:08:43Z", "ms": -2186999477169.773 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-12T20:14:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-12T12:08:43Z", "ms": -2186999477169.773 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:57 on Wed 12 Sep to 22:51 on Wed 12 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-11T17:52:05Z → 1900-09-12T14:46:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:34 on the 11th and 20:14 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9456 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Wednesday 12 September. Caturthī runs from 01:57 on Wed 12 Sep to 22:51 on Wed 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-09-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2284, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-13T20:20:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-13T12:14:41Z", "ms": -2186912718902.066 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-14T18:29:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-14T10:23:07Z", "ms": -2186833013199.29 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-13T20:20:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-13T12:14:41Z", "ms": -2186912718902.066 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-14T18:29:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-14T10:23:07Z", "ms": -2186833013199.29 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-13T20:58:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-13T12:52:45Z", "ms": -2186910435102.8115 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-13T20:58:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-13T12:52:45Z", "ms": -2186910435102.8115 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-14T21:47:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-14T13:41:41Z", "ms": -2186821099283.4382 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-14T21:47:41+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-14T13:41:41Z", "ms": -2186821099283.4382 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Thu 13 Sep to 18:28 on Fri 14 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-13T12:14:41Z → 1900-09-14T10:23:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:58 on the 13th and 21:47 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2284 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1900 falls on Thursday 13 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Thu 13 Sep to 18:28 on Fri 14 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4168, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T17:20:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z", "ms": -2186750711296.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T16:56:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T08:50:04Z", "ms": -2186665795977.139 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T17:20:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z", "ms": -2186750711296.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T16:56:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T08:50:04Z", "ms": -2186665795977.139 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T18:30:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T10:24:16Z", "ms": -2186746543536.0386 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-15T20:02:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T11:56:27Z", "ms": -2186741013315.7458 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-16T18:28:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T10:22:38Z", "ms": -2186660242446.869 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T20:01:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T11:55:09Z", "ms": -2186654691479.702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:20 on Sat 15 Sep to 16:55 on Sun 16 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z → 1900-09-16T08:50:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:01 on the 15th, 18:28–20:00 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 93 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4168 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1900 falls on Saturday 15 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:20 on Sat 15 Sep to 16:55 on Sun 16 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19229, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T17:20:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z", "ms": -2186750711296.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T16:56:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T08:50:04Z", "ms": -2186665795977.139 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T17:20:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z", "ms": -2186750711296.4985 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T16:56:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T08:50:04Z", "ms": -2186665795977.139 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-15T22:41:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T14:35:18Z", "ms": -2186731481799.568 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-15T22:41:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-15T14:35:18Z", "ms": -2186731481799.568 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-16T23:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T15:32:33Z", "ms": -2186641646785.8064 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-16T23:38:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-16T15:32:33Z", "ms": -2186641646785.8064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:20 on Sat 15 Sep to 16:55 on Sun 16 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-15T09:14:49Z → 1900-09-16T08:50:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:40 on the 15th and 23:38 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19229 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1900 falls on Saturday 15 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:20 on Sat 15 Sep to 16:55 on Sun 16 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-09-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-18T18:04:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-18T09:58:55Z", "ms": -2186488865188.6968 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-19T19:27:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-19T11:21:40Z", "ms": -2186397499660.1414 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-18T18:04:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-18T09:58:55Z", "ms": -2186488865188.6968 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-19T19:27:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-19T11:21:40Z", "ms": -2186397499660.1414 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-19T06:04:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-18T21:58:23Z", "ms": -2186445696512.437 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-19T06:04:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-18T21:58:23Z", "ms": -2186445696512.437 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-20T06:05:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-19T21:59:20Z", "ms": -2186359239505.9968 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-20T06:05:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-19T21:59:20Z", "ms": -2186359239505.9968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:04 on Tue 18 Sep to 19:27 on Wed 19 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-18T09:58:55Z → 1900-09-19T11:21:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:03 on the 19th and 06:04 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Indirā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Wednesday 19 September. Ekādaśī runs from 18:04 on Tue 18 Sep to 19:27 on Wed 19 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-09-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-09-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4701, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-20T21:14:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-20T13:08:17Z", "ms": -2186304703397.0227 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-21T23:18:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T15:12:53Z", "ms": -2186210826562.336 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-20T21:14:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-20T13:08:17Z", "ms": -2186304703397.0227 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-21T23:18:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T15:12:53Z", "ms": -2186210826562.336 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-20T18:22:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-20T10:16:01Z", "ms": -2186315038799.1843 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-20T19:55:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-20T11:49:55Z", "ms": -2186309404609.7834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-21T18:20:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T10:14:22Z", "ms": -2186228737922.3306 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-21T19:54:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T11:48:37Z", "ms": -2186223082882.4038 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:13 on Thu 20 Sep to 23:18 on Fri 21 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-20T13:08:17Z → 1900-09-21T15:12:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–19:55 on the 20th, 18:19–19:54 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 20th and 94 of 94 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4701 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Friday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Friday 21 September. Trayodaśī runs from 21:13 on Thu 20 Sep to 23:18 on Fri 21 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-09-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-21", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1855, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-21T23:18:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T15:12:53Z", "ms": -2186210826562.336 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-23T01:36:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T17:30:33Z", "ms": -2186116167342.9253 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-21T23:18:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T15:12:53Z", "ms": -2186210826562.336 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-23T01:36:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T17:30:33Z", "ms": -2186116167342.9253 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-21T23:49:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T15:43:48Z", "ms": -2186208971522.605 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-22T00:37:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-21T16:31:48Z", "ms": -2186206091522.605 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-22T23:49:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T15:43:28Z", "ms": -2186122592367.3794 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-23T00:37:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T16:31:28Z", "ms": -2186119712367.3794 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:18 on Fri 21 Sep to 01:36 on Sun 23 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-21T15:12:53Z → 1900-09-22T17:30:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 21st, 23:48–00:36 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1855 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Friday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-21", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Friday 21 September. Caturdaśī runs from 23:18 on Fri 21 Sep to 01:36 on Sun 23 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1900-09-23T01:36:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T17:30:33Z", "ms": -2186116167342.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-24T04:02:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T19:56:58Z", "ms": -2186020982195.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-23T01:36:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-22T17:30:33Z", "ms": -2186116167342.9253 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-24T04:02:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T19:56:58Z", "ms": -2186020982195.648 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-23T13:25:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T05:19:31Z", "ms": -2186073628701.9067 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-23T15:51:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T07:45:18Z", "ms": -2186064882358.857 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-24T13:24:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T05:18:55Z", "ms": -2185987265037.024 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-24T15:50:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T07:44:10Z", "ms": -2185978549984.1304 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 01:36 on Sun 23 Sep to 04:02 on Mon 24 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-22T17:30:33Z → 1900-09-23T19:56:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:25–15:50 on the 23rd, 13:24–15:49 on the 24th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 146 of 146 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 145 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1900 falls on Sunday 23 September. Amāvasyā runs from 01:36 on Sun 23 Sep to 04:02 on Mon 24 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18838, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-09-24T04:02:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T19:56:58Z", "ms": -2186020982195.648 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-25T06:33:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T22:27:59Z", "ms": -2185925520787.8958 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-24T04:02:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-23T19:56:58Z", "ms": -2186020982195.648 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-25T06:33:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T22:27:59Z", "ms": -2185925520787.8958 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-24T11:48:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T03:42:17Z", "ms": -2185993062563.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-24T12:36:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-24T04:30:17Z", "ms": -2185990182563.4707 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-25T11:47:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-25T03:41:57Z", "ms": -2185906683115.968 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-25T12:35:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-25T04:29:57Z", "ms": -2185903803115.968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:02 on Mon 24 Sep to 06:33 on Tue 25 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-23T19:56:58Z → 1900-09-24T22:27:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 24th, 11:47–12:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18838 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Beijing, 1900: Monday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1900 falls on Monday 24 September. Pratipadā runs from 04:02 on Mon 24 Sep to 06:33 on Tue 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-09-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-09-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1080, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-27T11:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-27T03:23:16Z", "ms": -2185735004223.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-28T13:39:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-28T05:33:39Z", "ms": -2185640780959.8914 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-27T11:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-27T03:23:16Z", "ms": -2185735004223.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-28T13:39:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-28T05:33:39Z", "ms": -2185640780959.8914 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-27T11:47:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-27T03:41:16Z", "ms": -2185733923738.3708 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-27T12:35:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-27T04:29:16Z", "ms": -2185731043738.3708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-28T11:46:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-28T03:40:56Z", "ms": -2185647543773.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-28T12:34:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-28T04:28:56Z", "ms": -2185644663773.0425 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:28 on Thu 27 Sep to 13:39 on Fri 28 Sep.", "fact": "1900-09-27T03:23:16Z → 1900-09-28T05:33:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 27th, 11:46–12:34 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1080 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-09-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Thursday 27 September. Caturthī runs from 11:28 on Thu 27 Sep to 13:39 on Fri 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-09-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-09-30T16:41:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-30T08:35:57Z", "ms": -2185457042591.008 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-01T17:16:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T09:10:24Z", "ms": -2185368576239.06 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-09-30T16:41:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-30T08:35:57Z", "ms": -2185457042591.008 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-01T17:16:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T09:10:24Z", "ms": -2185368576239.06 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-09-30T06:14:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-29T22:08:58Z", "ms": -2185494661549.09 }, "end": { "local": "1900-09-30T07:02:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-29T22:56:21Z", "ms": -2185491819102.5422 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-01T06:15:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-30T22:09:57Z", "ms": -2185408202797.731 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-01T07:03:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-09-30T22:57:09Z", "ms": -2185405370765.47 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:41 on Sun 30 Sep to 17:15 on Mon 1 Oct.", "fact": "1900-09-30T08:35:57Z → 1900-10-01T09:10:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:14–07:01 on the 30th, 06:15–07:02 on the 1st.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 47 minutes on the 30th and 47 of 47 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Durgā Saptamī 1900 falls on Monday 1 October. Saptamī runs from 16:41 on Sun 30 Sep to 17:15 on Mon 1 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-01T17:16:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T09:10:24Z", "ms": -2185368576239.06 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-02T17:04:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T08:58:32Z", "ms": -2185282888226.097 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-01T17:16:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T09:10:24Z", "ms": -2185368576239.06 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-02T17:04:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T08:58:32Z", "ms": -2185282888226.097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-01T11:45:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T03:39:57Z", "ms": -2185388402555.7737 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-01T12:33:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-01T04:27:57Z", "ms": -2185385522555.7737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-02T11:45:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T03:39:38Z", "ms": -2185302021648.1934 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-02T12:33:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T04:27:38Z", "ms": -2185299141648.1934 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:15 on Mon 1 Oct to 17:04 on Tue 2 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-01T09:10:24Z → 1900-10-02T08:58:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 1st, 11:45–12:33 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1900 falls on Tuesday 2 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:15 on Mon 1 Oct to 17:04 on Tue 2 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12638, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-02T17:04:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T08:58:32Z", "ms": -2185282888226.097 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-03T16:03:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T07:57:58Z", "ms": -2185200122389.0317 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-02T17:04:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T08:58:32Z", "ms": -2185282888226.097 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-03T16:03:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T07:57:58Z", "ms": -2185200122389.0317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-02T11:45:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T03:39:38Z", "ms": -2185302021648.1934 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-02T12:33:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T04:27:38Z", "ms": -2185299141648.1934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-03T11:45:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T03:39:20Z", "ms": -2185215640457.9119 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-03T12:33:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T04:27:20Z", "ms": -2185212760457.9119 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:04 on Tue 2 Oct to 16:03 on Wed 3 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-02T08:58:32Z → 1900-10-03T07:57:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 2nd, 11:44–12:32 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12638 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mahānavamī 1900 falls on Wednesday 3 October. Navamī runs from 17:04 on Tue 2 Oct to 16:03 on Wed 3 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-03T16:03:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T07:57:58Z", "ms": -2185200122389.0317 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-04T14:15:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T06:09:57Z", "ms": -2185120203340.8108 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T00:27:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T16:21:05Z", "ms": -2185169934632.5078 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-04T14:15:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T06:09:57Z", "ms": -2185120203340.8108 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T00:27:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T16:21:05Z", "ms": -2185169934632.5078 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-04T23:05:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T14:59:51Z", "ms": -2185088408754.9258 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-03T06:17:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-02T22:11:55Z", "ms": -2185235284671.3523 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-03T18:00:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T09:54:44Z", "ms": -2185193116244.4714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 703, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T06:18:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T22:12:55Z", "ms": -2185148825278.392 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-04T17:59:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T09:53:07Z", "ms": -2185106812651.3823 } }, "covered_min": 477, "window_min": 700, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 16:03 on Wed 3 Oct to 14:15 on Thu 4 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 00:26 on Thu 4 Oct to 23:05 on Thu 4 Oct. They are together from 00:26 on Thu 4 Oct to 14:15 on Thu 4 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-03T16:21:05Z → 1900-10-04T06:09:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:17–18:00 on the 3rd, 06:18–17:58 on the 4th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 703 minutes on the 3rd and 477 of 700 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1900 falls on Thursday 4 October. Daśamī runs from 16:03 on Wed 3 Oct to 14:15 on Thu 4 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 477 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-10-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T14:15:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T06:09:57Z", "ms": -2185120203340.8108 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-05T11:45:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-05T03:39:06Z", "ms": -2185042854381.9553 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T14:15:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T06:09:57Z", "ms": -2185120203340.8108 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-05T11:45:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-05T03:39:06Z", "ms": -2185042854381.9553 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-04T06:18:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T22:12:55Z", "ms": -2185148825278.392 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-04T06:18:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-03T22:12:55Z", "ms": -2185148825278.392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-05T06:19:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T22:13:54Z", "ms": -2185062365652.1794 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-05T06:19:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-04T22:13:54Z", "ms": -2185062365652.1794 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:15 on Thu 4 Oct to 11:44 on Fri 5 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-04T06:09:57Z → 1900-10-05T03:39:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 4th and 06:19 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Friday 5 October. Ekādaśī runs from 14:15 on Thu 4 Oct to 11:44 on Fri 5 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-10-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33433, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-06T08:38:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T00:32:43Z", "ms": -2184967637099.167 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-07T05:06:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T21:00:02Z", "ms": -2184893997847.783 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-06T08:38:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T00:32:43Z", "ms": -2184967637099.167 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-07T05:06:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T21:00:02Z", "ms": -2184893997847.783 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-06T17:55:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T09:49:56Z", "ms": -2184934204190.452 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-06T19:35:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-06T11:29:24Z", "ms": -2184928236385.3232 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-07T17:54:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-07T09:48:21Z", "ms": -2184847899257.0244 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-07T19:34:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-07T11:28:09Z", "ms": -2184841910722.805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:38 on Sat 6 Oct to 05:05 on Sun 7 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-06T00:32:43Z → 1900-10-06T21:00:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:55–19:34 on the 6th, 17:53–19:33 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 100 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33433 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 6 October. Trayodaśī runs from 08:38 on Sat 6 Oct to 05:05 on Sun 7 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-10-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T11:03:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z", "ms": -2184526921167.419 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T08:36:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T00:30:49Z", "ms": -2184449351336.6072 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T11:03:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z", "ms": -2184526921167.419 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T08:36:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T00:30:49Z", "ms": -2184449351336.6072 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T19:37:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T11:31:50Z", "ms": -2184496090436.0808 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-11T19:37:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T11:31:50Z", "ms": -2184496090436.0808 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-12T20:31:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T12:25:32Z", "ms": -2184406468288.7632 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T20:31:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T12:25:32Z", "ms": -2184406468288.7632 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:03 on Thu 11 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 12 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z → 1900-10-12T00:30:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:37 on the 11th and 20:31 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1900 falls on Thursday 11 October. Caturthī runs from 11:03 on Thu 11 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 12 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-10-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T11:03:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z", "ms": -2184526921167.419 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T08:36:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T00:30:49Z", "ms": -2184449351336.6072 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T11:03:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z", "ms": -2184526921167.419 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T08:36:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T00:30:49Z", "ms": -2184449351336.6072 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-11T19:37:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T11:31:50Z", "ms": -2184496090436.0808 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-11T19:37:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-11T11:31:50Z", "ms": -2184496090436.0808 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-12T20:31:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T12:25:32Z", "ms": -2184406468288.7632 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-12T20:31:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-12T12:25:32Z", "ms": -2184406468288.7632 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:03 on Thu 11 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 12 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-11T02:57:59Z → 1900-10-12T00:30:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:37 on the 11th and 20:31 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Thursday 11 October. Caturthī runs from 11:03 on Thu 11 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 12 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-10-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-15T05:44:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-14T21:38:23Z", "ms": -2184200496504.0015 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-16T06:20:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-15T22:14:05Z", "ms": -2184111955171.8635 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-15T05:44:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-14T21:38:23Z", "ms": -2184200496504.0015 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-16T06:20:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-15T22:14:05Z", "ms": -2184111955171.8635 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-14T22:29:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-14T14:23:43Z", "ms": -2184226577008.7607 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-14T22:29:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-14T14:23:43Z", "ms": -2184226577008.7607 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-15T23:30:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-15T15:24:36Z", "ms": -2184136524003.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-15T23:30:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-15T15:24:36Z", "ms": -2184136524003.0085 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:43 on Mon 15 Oct to 06:19 on Tue 16 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-14T21:38:23Z → 1900-10-15T22:14:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:29 on the 14th and 23:30 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1900 falls on Monday 15 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:43 on Mon 15 Oct to 06:19 on Tue 16 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-10-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-18T09:24:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-18T01:18:30Z", "ms": -2183928089760.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-19T11:36:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T03:30:27Z", "ms": -2183833772694.0571 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-18T09:24:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-18T01:18:30Z", "ms": -2183928089760.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-19T11:36:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T03:30:27Z", "ms": -2183833772694.0571 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-18T06:33:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-17T22:27:16Z", "ms": -2183938363539.302 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-18T06:33:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-17T22:27:16Z", "ms": -2183938363539.302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-19T06:34:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-18T22:28:21Z", "ms": -2183851899457.9092 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-19T06:34:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-18T22:28:21Z", "ms": -2183851899457.9092 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:24 on Thu 18 Oct to 11:35 on Fri 19 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-18T01:18:30Z → 1900-10-19T03:30:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:32 on the 18th and 06:33 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Ramā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Friday 19 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:24 on Thu 18 Oct to 11:35 on Fri 19 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-10-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-19T11:36:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T03:30:27Z", "ms": -2183833772694.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-19T11:36:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T03:30:27Z", "ms": -2183833772694.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-19T17:36:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T09:30:10Z", "ms": -2183812190033.9312 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-19T19:20:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-19T11:14:04Z", "ms": -2183805956032.892 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T17:34:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T09:28:44Z", "ms": -2183725875726.4482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-20T19:18:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T11:12:58Z", "ms": -2183719621662.6272 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:35 on Fri 19 Oct to 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-19T03:30:27Z → 1900-10-20T05:56:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:35–19:19 on the 19th, 17:34–19:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 104 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Friday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1900 falls on Friday 19 October. Dvādaśī runs from 11:35 on Fri 19 Oct to 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3472, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T17:34:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T09:28:44Z", "ms": -2183725875726.4482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-20T19:18:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T11:12:58Z", "ms": -2183719621662.6272 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T17:33:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T09:27:20Z", "ms": -2183639560464.3916 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T19:17:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T11:11:54Z", "ms": -2183633286419.5344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct to 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z → 1900-10-21T08:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:34–19:18 on the 20th, 17:32–19:17 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 105 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3472 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Yama Dīpadāna 1900 falls on Saturday 20 October. Trayodaśī runs from 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct to 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-10-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3472, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T14:02:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z", "ms": -2183738589969.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-20T17:34:44+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T09:28:44Z", "ms": -2183725875726.4482 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-20T19:18:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-20T11:12:58Z", "ms": -2183719621662.6272 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T17:33:20+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T09:27:20Z", "ms": -2183639560464.3916 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-21T19:17:54+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T11:11:54Z", "ms": -2183633286419.5344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct to 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-20T05:56:50Z → 1900-10-21T08:29:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:34–19:18 on the 20th, 17:32–19:17 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 105 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3472 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Saturday 20 October. Trayodaśī runs from 14:02 on Sat 20 Oct to 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-10-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-10-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16430, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T23:41:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T15:35:27Z", "ms": -2183617472796.1772 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T00:29:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T16:23:27Z", "ms": -2183614592796.1772 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T23:41:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T15:35:18Z", "ms": -2183531081944.4185 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T00:29:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T16:23:18Z", "ms": -2183528201944.4185 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct to 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z → 1900-10-22T11:01:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 21st, 23:40–00:28 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16430 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Sunday 21 October. Caturdaśī runs from 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct to 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-21T16:35:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z", "ms": -2183643032185.0642 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T04:53:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T20:47:01Z", "ms": -2183598779172.82 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T06:37:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-21T22:31:35Z", "ms": -2183592505127.963 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T04:53:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T20:47:46Z", "ms": -2183512333612.1023 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T06:38:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T22:32:40Z", "ms": -2183506039673.0784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct to 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-21T08:29:28Z → 1900-10-22T11:01:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:52–06:37 on the 22nd, 04:53–06:38 on the 23rd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 105 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1900 falls on Monday 22 October. Caturdaśī runs from 16:34 on Sun 21 Oct to 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T23:41:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T15:35:18Z", "ms": -2183531081944.4185 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T00:29:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T16:23:18Z", "ms": -2183528201944.4185 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T23:41:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T15:35:10Z", "ms": -2183444690419.7754 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T00:29:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T16:23:10Z", "ms": -2183441810419.7754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct to 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z → 1900-10-23T13:27:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 22nd, 23:40–00:28 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Beijing, 1900: Monday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kālī Pūjā 1900 falls on Monday 22 October. Amāvasyā runs from 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct to 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 561, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:07:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z", "ms": -2183547511625.3333 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-22T17:31:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T09:25:56Z", "ms": -2183553244215.7585 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-22T19:16:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-22T11:10:50Z", "ms": -2183546950276.7346 } }, "covered_min": 9, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T17:30:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T09:24:33Z", "ms": -2183466926948.661 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T19:15:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T11:09:47Z", "ms": -2183460613207.6248 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct to 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-22T11:01:28Z → 1900-10-23T13:27:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:31–19:16 on the 22nd, 17:30–19:15 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 9 of 105 minutes on the 22nd and 105 of 105 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 561 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1900 falls on Tuesday 23 October. Amāvasyā runs from 19:06 on Mon 22 Oct to 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 9 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32676, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T11:40:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T03:34:37Z", "ms": -2183487923310.8696 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T12:28:37+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T04:22:37Z", "ms": -2183485043310.8696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-24T11:40:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T03:34:29Z", "ms": -2183401531261.0771 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T12:28:29+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T04:22:29Z", "ms": -2183398651261.0771 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z → 1900-10-24T15:41:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 23rd, 11:39–12:27 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32676 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Govardhana Pūjā 1900 falls on Wednesday 24 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T17:30:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T09:24:33Z", "ms": -2183466926948.661 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-23T19:15:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T11:09:47Z", "ms": -2183460613207.6248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-24T17:29:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T09:23:11Z", "ms": -2183380608631.2642 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T19:14:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T11:08:45Z", "ms": -2183374275185.8247 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z → 1900-10-24T15:41:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:30–19:15 on the 23rd, 17:28–19:14 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 23rd and 106 of 106 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Bali Pūjā 1900 falls on Wednesday 24 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-23T21:33:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z", "ms": -2183452367673.684 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-24T06:39:46+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-23T22:33:46Z", "ms": -2183419573890.89 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-24T10:16:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T02:10:15Z", "ms": -2183406585471.0146 } }, "covered_min": 216, "window_min": 216, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-25T06:40:52+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T22:34:52Z", "ms": -2183333107790.4675 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-25T10:16:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-25T02:10:32Z", "ms": -2183320168270.888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 216, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-23T13:27:12Z → 1900-10-24T15:41:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:39–10:15 on the 24th, 06:40–10:16 on the 25th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 216 of 216 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 216 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Dyūta Pratipad 1900 falls on Wednesday 24 October. Pratipadā runs from 21:32 on Tue 23 Oct to 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-26T01:46:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-25T17:40:33Z", "ms": -2183264366714.7344 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-24T23:47:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z", "ms": -2183357893137.0012 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-26T01:46:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-25T17:40:33Z", "ms": -2183264366714.7344 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-25T11:40:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-25T03:34:21Z", "ms": -2183315138511.0981 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-25T12:28:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-25T04:22:21Z", "ms": -2183312258511.0981 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-26T11:40:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T03:34:15Z", "ms": -2183228745050.1519 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-26T12:28:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T04:22:15Z", "ms": -2183225865050.1519 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct to 01:46 on Fri 26 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-24T15:41:47Z → 1900-10-25T17:40:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 25th, 11:39–12:27 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1900 falls on Thursday 25 October. Dvitīyā runs from 23:47 on Wed 24 Oct to 01:46 on Fri 26 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T03:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z", "ms": -2183172077132.3445 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T04:37:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T20:31:12Z", "ms": -2183081328465.2727 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T03:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z", "ms": -2183172077132.3445 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T04:37:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T20:31:12Z", "ms": -2183081328465.2727 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T11:40:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T03:34:09Z", "ms": -2183142350867.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-27T12:28:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T04:22:09Z", "ms": -2183139470867.9854 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-28T11:40:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T03:34:04Z", "ms": -2183055955954.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T12:28:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T04:22:04Z", "ms": -2183053075954.7942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:24 on Sat 27 Oct to 04:36 on Sun 28 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z → 1900-10-27T20:31:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 27th, 11:39–12:27 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Nāga Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 27 October. Caturthī runs from 03:24 on Sat 27 Oct to 04:36 on Sun 28 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-10-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T03:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z", "ms": -2183172077132.3445 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T04:37:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T20:31:12Z", "ms": -2183081328465.2727 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T03:24:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z", "ms": -2183172077132.3445 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T04:37:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T20:31:12Z", "ms": -2183081328465.2727 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-27T11:40:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T03:34:09Z", "ms": -2183142350867.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-27T12:28:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-27T04:22:09Z", "ms": -2183139470867.9854 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-28T11:40:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T03:34:04Z", "ms": -2183055955954.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-28T12:28:04+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T04:22:04Z", "ms": -2183053075954.7942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:24 on Sat 27 Oct to 04:36 on Sun 28 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-26T19:18:43Z → 1900-10-27T20:31:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 27th, 11:39–12:27 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 27 October. Caturthī runs from 03:24 on Sat 27 Oct to 04:36 on Sun 28 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-10-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-29T05:18:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T21:12:57Z", "ms": -2182992422825.5706 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-30T05:25:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-29T21:19:35Z", "ms": -2182905624579.2722 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-29T05:18:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-28T21:12:57Z", "ms": -2182992422825.5706 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-30T05:25:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-29T21:19:35Z", "ms": -2182905624579.2722 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-29T11:40:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-29T03:34:00Z", "ms": -2182969560301.12 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-29T12:28:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-29T04:22:00Z", "ms": -2182966680301.12 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-30T11:39:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-30T03:33:56Z", "ms": -2182883163897.73 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-30T12:27:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-30T04:21:56Z", "ms": -2182880283897.73 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:18 on Mon 29 Oct to 05:25 on Tue 30 Oct.", "fact": "1900-10-28T21:12:57Z → 1900-10-29T21:19:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 29th, 11:39–12:27 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1900 falls on Monday 29 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:18 on Mon 29 Oct to 05:25 on Tue 30 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1900-10-31T04:54:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-30T20:48:03Z", "ms": -2182821117082.1433 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-10-31T04:54:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-30T20:48:03Z", "ms": -2182821117082.1433 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-10-31T11:39:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T03:33:53Z", "ms": -2182796766735.4775 }, "end": { "local": "1900-10-31T12:27:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T04:21:53Z", "ms": -2182793886735.4775 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T11:39:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T03:33:51Z", "ms": -2182710368805.1323 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-01T12:27:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T04:21:51Z", "ms": -2182707488805.1323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:53 on Wed 31 Oct to 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov.", "fact": "1900-10-30T20:48:03Z → 1900-10-31T19:37:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 31st, 11:39–12:27 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Gopāṣṭamī 1900 falls on Wednesday 31 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:53 on Wed 31 Oct to 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T01:54:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T17:48:24Z", "ms": -2182659095510.1277 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T01:54:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T17:48:24Z", "ms": -2182659095510.1277 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T06:48:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T22:42:43Z", "ms": -2182727837193.6646 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-01T10:18:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T02:12:48Z", "ms": -2182715231601.3096 } }, "covered_min": 210, "window_min": 210, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-02T06:49:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T22:43:51Z", "ms": -2182641369012.273 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T10:19:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T02:13:10Z", "ms": -2182628809735.552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 209, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov to 01:53 on Fri 2 Nov.", "fact": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z → 1900-11-01T17:48:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:48–10:18 on the 1st, 06:49–10:18 on the 2nd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 210 of 210 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 209 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1900 falls on Thursday 1 November. Navamī runs from 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov to 01:53 on Fri 2 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28597, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T01:54:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T17:48:24Z", "ms": -2182659095510.1277 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T03:43:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z", "ms": -2182738965427.4653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T01:54:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T17:48:24Z", "ms": -2182659095510.1277 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-01T11:39:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T03:33:51Z", "ms": -2182710368805.1323 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-01T12:27:51+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-01T04:21:51Z", "ms": -2182707488805.1323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-02T11:39:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T03:33:50Z", "ms": -2182623970097.1914 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-02T12:27:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T04:21:50Z", "ms": -2182621090097.1914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov to 01:53 on Fri 2 Nov.", "fact": "1900-10-31T19:37:15Z → 1900-11-01T17:48:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 1st, 11:39–12:27 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28597 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Durgā Navamī 1900 falls on Thursday 1 November. Navamī runs from 03:42 on Thu 1 Nov to 01:53 on Fri 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-11-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-02T23:31:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T15:25:07Z", "ms": -2182581292769.3025 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-03T20:39:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-03T12:33:03Z", "ms": -2182505217244.3572 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-02T23:31:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T15:25:07Z", "ms": -2182581292769.3025 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-03T20:39:03+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-03T12:33:03Z", "ms": -2182505217244.3572 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-03T06:50:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T22:44:59Z", "ms": -2182554900640.2458 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-03T06:50:59+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-02T22:44:59Z", "ms": -2182554900640.2458 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-04T06:52:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-03T22:46:08Z", "ms": -2182468432093.354 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-04T06:52:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-03T22:46:08Z", "ms": -2182468432093.354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:30 on Fri 2 Nov to 20:38 on Sat 3 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-02T15:25:07Z → 1900-11-03T12:33:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:50 on the 3rd and 06:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 3 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:30 on Fri 2 Nov to 20:38 on Sat 3 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-11-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-11-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 600, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-04T17:25:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-04T09:19:32Z", "ms": -2182430428096.712 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-05T13:59:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T05:53:09Z", "ms": -2182356410966.5762 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-04T17:25:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-04T09:19:32Z", "ms": -2182430428096.712 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-05T13:59:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T05:53:09Z", "ms": -2182356410966.5762 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-04T17:15:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-04T09:09:31Z", "ms": -2182431028522.9565 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-04T19:04:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-04T10:58:33Z", "ms": -2182424486504.819 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-05T17:14:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T09:08:25Z", "ms": -2182344695023.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-05T19:03:45+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T10:57:45Z", "ms": -2182338134958.87 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:25 on Sun 4 Nov to 13:58 on Mon 5 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-04T09:19:32Z → 1900-11-05T05:53:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:15–19:04 on the 4th, 17:13–19:03 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 109 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 109 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 600 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Sunday 4 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:25 on Sun 4 Nov to 13:58 on Mon 5 Nov and covers 99 of 109 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4237, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T10:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z", "ms": -2182282604007.3347 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T07:05:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T22:59:39Z", "ms": -2182208421434.886 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T10:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z", "ms": -2182282604007.3347 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T07:05:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T22:59:39Z", "ms": -2182208421434.886 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T11:39:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T03:33:53Z", "ms": -2182278367282.1455 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-06T12:27:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T04:21:53Z", "ms": -2182275487282.1455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-07T11:39:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-07T03:33:55Z", "ms": -2182191964526.8135 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T12:27:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-07T04:21:55Z", "ms": -2182189084526.8135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:28 on Tue 6 Nov to 07:05 on Wed 7 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z → 1900-11-06T22:59:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 6th, 11:39–12:27 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4237 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1900 falls on Tuesday 6 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:28 on Tue 6 Nov to 07:05 on Wed 7 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T10:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z", "ms": -2182282604007.3347 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T07:05:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T22:59:39Z", "ms": -2182208421434.886 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T10:29:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z", "ms": -2182282604007.3347 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T07:05:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T22:59:39Z", "ms": -2182208421434.886 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-05T23:40:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T15:34:25Z", "ms": -2182321534779.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-06T00:28:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-05T16:22:25Z", "ms": -2182318654779.8232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-06T23:40:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T15:34:27Z", "ms": -2182235132792.491 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-07T00:28:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-06T16:22:27Z", "ms": -2182232252792.491 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:28 on Tue 6 Nov to 07:05 on Wed 7 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-06T02:23:16Z → 1900-11-06T22:59:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:39–00:27 on the 5th, 23:39–00:27 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Rāsayātrā 1900 falls on Tuesday 6 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:28 on Tue 6 Nov to 07:05 on Wed 7 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-11-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5193, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-09T23:07:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-09T15:01:53Z", "ms": -2181977886998.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-10T21:40:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-10T13:34:56Z", "ms": -2181896703556.9395 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-09T23:07:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-09T15:01:53Z", "ms": -2181977886998.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-10T21:40:56+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-10T13:34:56Z", "ms": -2181896703556.9395 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-09T19:13:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-09T11:07:00Z", "ms": -2181991979646.1792 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-09T19:13:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-09T11:07:00Z", "ms": -2181991979646.1792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-10T20:14:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-10T12:08:23Z", "ms": -2181901896693.5908 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-10T20:14:23+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-10T12:08:23Z", "ms": -2181901896693.5908 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 9 Nov to 21:40 on Sat 10 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-09T15:01:53Z → 1900-11-10T13:34:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:12 on the 9th and 20:13 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5193 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Saturday 10 November. Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 9 Nov to 21:40 on Sat 10 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-11-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-17T04:09:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-16T20:03:11Z", "ms": -2181355008511.7263 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-18T06:45:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-17T22:39:21Z", "ms": -2181259239469.0154 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-17T04:09:11+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-16T20:03:11Z", "ms": -2181355008511.7263 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-18T06:45:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-17T22:39:21Z", "ms": -2181259239469.0154 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-17T07:07:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-16T23:01:06Z", "ms": -2181344333793.2524 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-17T07:07:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-16T23:01:06Z", "ms": -2181344333793.2524 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-18T07:08:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-17T23:02:15Z", "ms": -2181257865115.0671 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-18T07:08:15+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-17T23:02:15Z", "ms": -2181257865115.0671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:08 on Sat 17 Nov to 06:44 on Sun 18 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-16T20:03:11Z → 1900-11-17T22:39:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 17th and 07:07 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Saturday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Saturday 17 November. Ekādaśī runs from 04:08 on Sat 17 Nov to 06:44 on Sun 18 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-11-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19229, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-19T09:18:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-19T01:12:57Z", "ms": -2181163622974.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-20T11:40:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T03:34:39Z", "ms": -2181068721247.6926 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-19T09:18:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-19T01:12:57Z", "ms": -2181163622974.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-20T11:40:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T03:34:39Z", "ms": -2181068721247.6926 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-19T17:01:48+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-19T08:55:48Z", "ms": -2181135851783.6096 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-19T18:54:58+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-19T10:48:58Z", "ms": -2181129062018.1406 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-20T17:01:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T08:55:08Z", "ms": -2181049492013.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-20T18:54:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T10:48:32Z", "ms": -2181042687843.6726 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Mon 19 Nov to 11:40 on Tue 20 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-19T01:12:57Z → 1900-11-20T03:34:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:01–18:54 on the 19th, 17:00–18:54 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 113 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19229 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Monday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Monday 19 November. Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Mon 19 Nov to 11:40 on Tue 20 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-11-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-11-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35946, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-20T11:40:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T03:34:39Z", "ms": -2181068721247.6926 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-21T13:43:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-21T05:37:32Z", "ms": -2180974948278.6982 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-20T11:40:39+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T03:34:39Z", "ms": -2181068721247.6926 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-21T13:43:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-21T05:37:32Z", "ms": -2180974948278.6982 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-20T23:42:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T15:36:24Z", "ms": -2181025416376.9653 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-21T00:30:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-20T16:24:24Z", "ms": -2181022536376.9653 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-21T23:42:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-21T15:36:38Z", "ms": -2180939001784.2231 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-22T00:30:38+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-21T16:24:38Z", "ms": -2180936121784.2231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:40 on Tue 20 Nov to 13:43 on Wed 21 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-20T03:34:39Z → 1900-11-21T05:37:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:41–00:29 on the 20th, 23:42–00:30 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35946 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Tuesday 20 November. Caturdaśī runs from 11:40 on Tue 20 Nov to 13:43 on Wed 21 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-11-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-11-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18217, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-25T17:43:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-25T09:37:00Z", "ms": -2180614980258.892 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-26T17:35:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T09:29:08Z", "ms": -2180529052459.563 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-25T17:43:00+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-25T09:37:00Z", "ms": -2180614980258.892 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-26T17:35:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T09:29:08Z", "ms": -2180529052459.563 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-25T11:43:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-25T03:37:12Z", "ms": -2180636568308.087 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-25T12:31:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-25T04:25:12Z", "ms": -2180633688308.087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-26T11:43:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T03:37:30Z", "ms": -2180550149582.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-26T12:31:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T04:25:30Z", "ms": -2180547269582.6714 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:42 on Sun 25 Nov to 17:34 on Mon 26 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-25T09:37:00Z → 1900-11-26T09:29:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 25th, 11:43–12:31 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18217 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Monday 26 November. Caturthī runs from 17:42 on Sun 25 Nov to 17:34 on Mon 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-11-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-26T17:35:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T09:29:08Z", "ms": -2180529052459.563 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-26T17:35:08+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T09:29:08Z", "ms": -2180529052459.563 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-26T11:43:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T03:37:30Z", "ms": -2180550149582.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-26T12:31:30+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-26T04:25:30Z", "ms": -2180547269582.6714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T11:43:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T03:37:50Z", "ms": -2180463730121.354 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-27T12:31:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T04:25:50Z", "ms": -2180460850121.354 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:34 on Mon 26 Nov to 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-26T09:29:08Z → 1900-11-27T08:54:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 26th, 11:43–12:31 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1900 falls on Tuesday 27 November. Pañcamī runs from 17:34 on Mon 26 Nov to 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T11:43:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T03:37:50Z", "ms": -2180463730121.354 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-27T12:31:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T04:25:50Z", "ms": -2180460850121.354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-28T11:44:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T03:38:10Z", "ms": -2180377309943.4521 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T12:32:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T04:26:10Z", "ms": -2180374429943.4521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov to 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z → 1900-11-28T07:53:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 27th, 11:43–12:31 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1900 falls on Wednesday 28 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov to 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T17:00:21+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z", "ms": -2180444739122.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-27T11:43:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T03:37:50Z", "ms": -2180463730121.354 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-27T12:31:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-27T04:25:50Z", "ms": -2180460850121.354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-28T11:44:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T03:38:10Z", "ms": -2180377309943.4521 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T12:32:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T04:26:10Z", "ms": -2180374429943.4521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov to 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-27T08:54:21Z → 1900-11-28T07:53:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 27th, 11:43–12:31 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1900 falls on Wednesday 28 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:59 on Tue 27 Nov to 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-29T14:33:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-29T06:27:05Z", "ms": -2180280774986.6045 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-11-28T15:59:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z", "ms": -2180362001670.5667 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-29T14:33:05+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-29T06:27:05Z", "ms": -2180280774986.6045 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-28T11:44:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T03:38:10Z", "ms": -2180377309943.4521 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-28T12:32:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-28T04:26:10Z", "ms": -2180374429943.4521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-11-29T11:44:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-29T03:38:31Z", "ms": -2180290889068.6914 }, "end": { "local": "1900-11-29T12:32:31+08:06", "utc": "1900-11-29T04:26:31Z", "ms": -2180288009068.6914 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov to 14:32 on Thu 29 Nov.", "fact": "1900-11-28T07:53:18Z → 1900-11-29T06:27:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 28th, 11:44–12:32 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mitra Saptamī 1900 falls on Thursday 29 November. Saptamī runs from 15:58 on Wed 28 Nov to 14:32 on Thu 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-12-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-02T08:05:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-01T23:59:14Z", "ms": -2180044846303.8647 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-03T05:24:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T21:18:57Z", "ms": -2179968062786.2148 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-02T08:05:14+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-01T23:59:14Z", "ms": -2180044846303.8647 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-03T05:24:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T21:18:57Z", "ms": -2179968062786.2148 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-02T07:23:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-01T23:17:28Z", "ms": -2180047352129.4756 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-02T07:23:28+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-01T23:17:28Z", "ms": -2180047352129.4756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-03T07:24:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T23:18:27Z", "ms": -2179960892505.3079 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-03T07:24:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T23:18:27Z", "ms": -2179960892505.3079 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:04 on Sun 2 Dec to 05:24 on Mon 3 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-01T23:59:14Z → 1900-12-02T21:18:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:22 on the 2nd and 07:23 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Sunday 2 December. Ekādaśī runs from 08:04 on Sun 2 Dec to 05:24 on Mon 3 Dec, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-12-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22864, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-03T05:24:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T21:18:57Z", "ms": -2179968062786.2148 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T02:37:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T18:31:47Z", "ms": -2179891692819.0068 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-03T05:24:57+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-02T21:18:57Z", "ms": -2179968062786.2148 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T02:37:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T18:31:47Z", "ms": -2179891692819.0068 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-03T11:46:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T03:40:01Z", "ms": -2179945198998.0078 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-03T12:34:01+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T04:28:01Z", "ms": -2179942318998.0078 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-04T11:46:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T03:40:25Z", "ms": -2179858774935.345 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T12:34:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T04:28:25Z", "ms": -2179855894935.345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:24 on Mon 3 Dec to 02:37 on Tue 4 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-02T21:18:57Z → 1900-12-03T18:31:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 3rd, 11:45–12:33 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22864 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1900 falls on Monday 3 December. Dvādaśī runs from 05:24 on Mon 3 Dec to 02:37 on Tue 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-12-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17926, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-04T02:37:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T18:31:47Z", "ms": -2179891692819.0068 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T23:50:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T15:44:18Z", "ms": -2179815341863.2039 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-04T02:37:47+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T18:31:47Z", "ms": -2179891692819.0068 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T23:50:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T15:44:18Z", "ms": -2179815341863.2039 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-03T16:55:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T08:49:35Z", "ms": -2179926625490.7078 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-03T18:51:33+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-03T10:45:33Z", "ms": -2179919666613.347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-04T16:55:24+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T08:49:24Z", "ms": -2179840235960.1887 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-04T18:51:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-04T10:45:32Z", "ms": -2179833268018.1182 } }, "covered_min": 116, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:37 on Tue 4 Dec to 23:49 on Tue 4 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-03T18:31:47Z → 1900-12-04T15:44:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:55–18:51 on the 3rd, 16:54–18:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 116 minutes on the 3rd and 116 of 116 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17926 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Tuesday 4 December. Trayodaśī runs from 02:37 on Tue 4 Dec to 23:49 on Tue 4 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-12-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 448, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1900-12-05T21:09:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-05T13:03:49Z", "ms": -2179738571483.505 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-06T18:44:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-06T10:38:06Z", "ms": -2179660913551.6423 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-05T21:09:49+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-05T13:03:49Z", "ms": -2179738571483.505 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-06T18:44:06+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-06T10:38:06Z", "ms": -2179660913551.6423 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-05T16:55:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-05T08:49:16Z", "ms": -2179753844192.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-05T18:51:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-05T10:45:32Z", "ms": -2179746867633.9905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-06T16:55:10+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-06T08:49:10Z", "ms": -2179667450176.2505 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-06T18:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-06T10:45:35Z", "ms": -2179660465458.928 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:09 on Wed 5 Dec to 18:43 on Thu 6 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-05T13:03:49Z → 1900-12-06T10:38:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:54–18:51 on the 5th, 16:54–18:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 116 minutes on the 5th and 109 of 116 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 448 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1900 falls on Thursday 6 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:09 on Wed 5 Dec to 18:43 on Thu 6 Dec and covers 109 of 116 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-12-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20905, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-09T14:13:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-09T06:07:27Z", "ms": -2179417952503.942 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-10T14:00:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-10T05:54:32Z", "ms": -2179332328157.327 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-09T14:13:27+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-09T06:07:27Z", "ms": -2179417952503.942 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-10T14:00:32+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-10T05:54:32Z", "ms": -2179332328157.327 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-09T20:01:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-09T11:55:53Z", "ms": -2179397047464.6726 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-09T20:01:53+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-09T11:55:53Z", "ms": -2179397047464.6726 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-10T21:05:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-10T12:59:02Z", "ms": -2179306858122.876 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-10T21:05:02+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-10T12:59:02Z", "ms": -2179306858122.876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:12 on Sun 9 Dec to 14:00 on Mon 10 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-09T06:07:27Z → 1900-12-10T05:54:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:01 on the 9th and 21:04 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20905 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Sunday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1900 falls on Sunday 9 December. Caturthī runs from 14:12 on Sun 9 Dec to 14:00 on Mon 10 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1900-12-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-12-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14444, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-17T01:13:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-16T17:07:22Z", "ms": -2178773557778.1765 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-18T03:36:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-17T19:30:07Z", "ms": -2178678593325.4802 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-17T01:13:22+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-16T17:07:22Z", "ms": -2178773557778.1765 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-18T03:36:07+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-17T19:30:07Z", "ms": -2178678593325.4802 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-17T07:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-16T23:30:12Z", "ms": -2178750588479.4983 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-17T07:36:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-16T23:30:12Z", "ms": -2178750588479.4983 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-18T07:36:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-17T23:30:50Z", "ms": -2178664149523.7314 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-18T07:36:50+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-17T23:30:50Z", "ms": -2178664149523.7314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:12 on Mon 17 Dec to 03:35 on Tue 18 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-16T17:07:22Z → 1900-12-17T19:30:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:35 on the 17th and 07:36 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14444 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Beijing, 1900: Monday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1900 falls on Monday 17 December. Ekādaśī runs from 01:12 on Mon 17 Dec to 03:35 on Tue 18 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/ekadashi?on=1900-12-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-12-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-19T05:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-18T21:28:18Z", "ms": -2178585101621.5955 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-20T07:00:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T22:54:36Z", "ms": -2178493523901.2026 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-19T05:34:18+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-18T21:28:18Z", "ms": -2178585101621.5955 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-20T07:00:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T22:54:36Z", "ms": -2178493523901.2026 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-19T16:57:17+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T08:51:17Z", "ms": -2178544123102.514 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-19T18:54:43+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T10:48:43Z", "ms": -2178537076950.5305 } }, "covered_min": 117, "window_min": 117, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-20T16:57:42+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T08:51:42Z", "ms": -2178457697957.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-20T18:55:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T10:49:09Z", "ms": -2178450650689.0874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 117, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:33 on Wed 19 Dec to 07:00 on Thu 20 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-18T21:28:18Z → 1900-12-19T22:54:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:56–18:54 on the 19th, 16:57–18:54 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 117 of 117 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 117 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Beijing, 1900: Wednesday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1900 falls on Wednesday 19 December. Trayodaśī runs from 05:33 on Wed 19 Dec to 07:00 on Thu 20 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/pradosha-vrata?on=1900-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-12-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22736, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-20T07:00:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T22:54:36Z", "ms": -2178493523901.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-21T07:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T23:45:35Z", "ms": -2178404065201.4768 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-20T07:00:36+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T22:54:36Z", "ms": -2178493523901.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-21T07:51:35+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T23:45:35Z", "ms": -2178404065201.4768 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-19T23:53:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T15:47:40Z", "ms": -2178519140032.5767 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-20T00:41:40+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-19T16:35:40Z", "ms": -2178516260032.5767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1900-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-20T23:54:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T15:48:09Z", "ms": -2178432710701.2344 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-21T00:42:09+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-20T16:36:09Z", "ms": -2178429830701.2344 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:00 on Thu 20 Dec to 07:51 on Fri 21 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-19T22:54:36Z → 1900-12-20T23:45:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 19th, 23:53–00:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22736 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Beijing, 1900: Thursday 20 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Śivarātri 1900 falls on Thursday 20 December. Caturdaśī runs from 07:00 on Thu 20 Dec to 07:51 on Fri 21 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/shivaratri?on=1900-12-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-12-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1816670", "year": 1900, "local_date": "1900-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21673, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-25T05:55:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-24T21:49:12Z", "ms": -2178065448222.448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-26T04:27:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-25T20:21:16Z", "ms": -2177984323762.8994 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-25T05:55:12+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-24T21:49:12Z", "ms": -2178065448222.448 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-26T04:27:16+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-25T20:21:16Z", "ms": -2177984323762.8994 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-25T11:56:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-25T03:50:25Z", "ms": -2178043775276.8857 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-25T12:44:25+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-25T04:38:25Z", "ms": -2178040895276.8857 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1900-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-26T11:56:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-26T03:50:55Z", "ms": -2177957344937.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-26T12:44:55+08:06", "utc": "1900-12-26T04:38:55Z", "ms": -2177954464937.9204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:54 on Tue 25 Dec to 04:26 on Wed 26 Dec.", "fact": "1900-12-24T21:49:12Z → 1900-12-25T20:21:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 25th, 11:56–12:44 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21673 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Beijing, 1900: Tuesday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1900-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Beijing, Vināyaka Caturthī 1900 falls on Tuesday 25 December. Caturthī runs from 05:54 on Tue 25 Dec to 04:26 on Wed 26 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/beijing/festivals/1900/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1900-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }