{ "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013", "place": { "id": "1850147", "slug": "tokyo", "name": "Tokyo", "region": "Japan", "country": "JP", "lat": 35.6895, "lon": 139.69171, "elevation_m": 44, "tz": "Asia/Tokyo" }, "year": 2013, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18333, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-01T00:33:41+09:00", "utc": "2012-12-31T15:33:41Z", "ms": 1356968021272.978 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-02T01:30:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-01T16:30:03Z", "ms": 1357057802732.8228 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-01T00:33:41+09:00", "utc": "2012-12-31T15:33:41Z", "ms": 1356968021272.978 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-02T01:30:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-01T16:30:03Z", "ms": 1357057802732.8228 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2012-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2012-12-31T19:26:20+09:00", "utc": "2012-12-31T10:26:20Z", "ms": 1356949579876.923 }, "end": { "local": "2012-12-31T19:26:20+09:00", "utc": "2012-12-31T10:26:20Z", "ms": 1356949579876.923 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-01T20:24:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-01T11:24:30Z", "ms": 1357039469923.129 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-01T20:24:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-01T11:24:30Z", "ms": 1357039469923.129 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:34 on Tue 1 Jan to 01:30 on Wed 2 Jan.", "fact": "2012-12-31T15:33:41Z → 2013-01-01T16:30:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:26 on the 31st and 20:24 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18333 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 1 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 1 January. Caturthī runs from 00:34 on Tue 1 Jan to 01:30 on Wed 2 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37243, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-07T20:31:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z", "ms": 1357558265583.9038 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T17:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T08:51:49Z", "ms": 1357635109148.283 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-07T20:31:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z", "ms": 1357558265583.9038 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T17:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T08:51:49Z", "ms": 1357635109148.283 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-08T06:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T21:51:49Z", "ms": 1357595508805.0188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T06:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T21:51:49Z", "ms": 1357595508805.0188 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T06:51:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T21:51:46Z", "ms": 1357681905579.3782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-09T06:51:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T21:51:46Z", "ms": 1357681905579.3782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Mon 7 Jan to 17:52 on Tue 8 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z → 2013-01-08T08:51:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 8th and 06:52 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37243 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 8 January. Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Mon 7 Jan to 17:52 on Tue 8 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6929, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T14:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z", "ms": 1357710571147.1858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T11:31:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T14:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z", "ms": 1357710571147.1858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T11:31:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T16:45:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T07:45:00Z", "ms": 1357717499888.61 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-09T18:37:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T09:37:53Z", "ms": 1357724273291.548 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T16:45:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T07:45:55Z", "ms": 1357803954914.7576 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T18:38:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T09:38:40Z", "ms": 1357810720032.2878 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:50 on Wed 9 Jan to 11:31 on Thu 10 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z → 2013-01-10T02:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:45–18:38 on the 9th, 16:46–18:39 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 113 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6929 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 9 January. Trayodaśī runs from 14:50 on Wed 9 Jan to 11:31 on Thu 10 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-01-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28406, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T11:31:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T08:06:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T23:06:10Z", "ms": 1357859169675.7224 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T11:31:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T08:06:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T23:06:10Z", "ms": 1357859169675.7224 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T23:24:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T14:24:20Z", "ms": 1357741460149.628 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T00:12:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T15:12:20Z", "ms": 1357744340149.628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T23:24:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T14:24:44Z", "ms": 1357827884105.496 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T00:12:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T15:12:44Z", "ms": 1357830764105.496 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:31 on Thu 10 Jan to 08:06 on Fri 11 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z → 2013-01-10T23:06:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:24–00:12 on the 9th, 23:25–00:13 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28406 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 10 January. Caturdaśī runs from 11:31 on Thu 10 Jan to 08:06 on Fri 11 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22829, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T23:30:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T16:48:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T07:48:45Z", "ms": 1358063324698.0781 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T16:50:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T07:50:41Z", "ms": 1358236241259.1274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:50, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:51.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22829 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Bhogi 2013 falls on Sunday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22829, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T23:30:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T16:48:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T07:48:45Z", "ms": 1358063324698.0781 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T16:50:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T07:50:41Z", "ms": 1358236241259.1274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:50, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:51.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Pongal 2013 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37754, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T23:30:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-12T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1358002800000 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1358089200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1358089200000 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T15:00:00Z", "ms": 1358175600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Tokyo.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Tokyo" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 37754 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Makara Saṅkrānti 2013 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22829, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T23:30:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T10:29:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T16:48:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T07:48:45Z", "ms": 1358063324698.0781 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T16:49:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T07:49:43Z", "ms": 1358149782676.7712 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T16:50:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T07:50:41Z", "ms": 1358236241259.1274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:50, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:51.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22829 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mattu Pongal 2013 falls on Tuesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 10:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-01-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24923, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T20:37:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z", "ms": 1358163471615.7856 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T19:10:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T10:10:06Z", "ms": 1358244605901.51 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T20:37:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z", "ms": 1358163471615.7856 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T19:10:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T10:10:06Z", "ms": 1358244605901.51 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T11:26:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T02:26:21Z", "ms": 1358130381471.6245 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T12:14:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T03:14:21Z", "ms": 1358133261471.6245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-15T11:26:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T02:26:43Z", "ms": 1358216803312.31 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T12:14:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T03:14:43Z", "ms": 1358219683312.31 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:38 on Mon 14 Jan to 19:10 on Tue 15 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z → 2013-01-15T10:10:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 14th, 11:27–12:15 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24923 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 15 January. Caturthī runs from 20:38 on Mon 14 Jan to 19:10 on Tue 15 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-01-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-22T02:52:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z", "ms": 1358790754264.6921 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T05:38:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T20:38:17Z", "ms": 1358887096819.1448 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-22T02:52:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z", "ms": 1358790754264.6921 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T05:38:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T20:38:17Z", "ms": 1358887096819.1448 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-22T06:48:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T21:48:07Z", "ms": 1358804887482.6858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-22T06:48:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T21:48:07Z", "ms": 1358804887482.6858 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-23T06:47:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T21:47:37Z", "ms": 1358891257460.6135 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T06:47:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T21:47:37Z", "ms": 1358891257460.6135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:53 on Tue 22 Jan to 05:38 on Wed 23 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z → 2013-01-22T20:38:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 22nd and 06:48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Putradā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 January. Ekādaśī runs from 02:53 on Tue 22 Jan to 05:38 on Wed 23 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23527, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T08:13:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z", "ms": 1358982818114.7886 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-25T10:28:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T01:28:44Z", "ms": 1359077323525.7825 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T08:13:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z", "ms": 1358982818114.7886 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-25T10:28:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T01:28:44Z", "ms": 1359077323525.7825 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T16:59:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-24T07:59:48Z", "ms": 1359014387930.8203 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-24T18:50:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-24T09:50:02Z", "ms": 1359021001809.0957 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-25T17:00:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T08:00:50Z", "ms": 1359100850063.847 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-25T18:50:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T09:50:51Z", "ms": 1359107450941.3552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:14 on Thu 24 Jan to 10:29 on Fri 25 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z → 2013-01-25T01:28:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:00–18:50 on the 24th, 17:01–18:51 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 110 of 110 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 110 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23527 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 08:14 on Thu 24 Jan to 10:29 on Fri 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T15:01:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z", "ms": 1359525669673.5825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-31T14:42:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T05:42:38Z", "ms": 1359610957683.6536 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T15:01:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z", "ms": 1359525669673.5825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-31T14:42:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T05:42:38Z", "ms": 1359610957683.6536 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T20:17:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T11:17:39Z", "ms": 1359544659297.1926 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-30T20:17:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T11:17:39Z", "ms": 1359544659297.1926 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-31T21:19:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T12:19:07Z", "ms": 1359634746916.362 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-31T21:19:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T12:19:07Z", "ms": 1359634746916.362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 30 Jan to 14:43 on Thu 31 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z → 2013-01-31T05:42:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:18 on the 30th and 21:19 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 30 Jan to 14:43 on Thu 31 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3330, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T05:42:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z", "ms": 1360096929354.7966 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T03:06:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T18:06:56Z", "ms": 1360174015585.076 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T05:42:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z", "ms": 1360096929354.7966 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T03:06:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T18:06:56Z", "ms": 1360174015585.076 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T06:37:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T21:37:39Z", "ms": 1360100259341.9814 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-06T06:37:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T21:37:39Z", "ms": 1360100259341.9814 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T06:36:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T21:36:45Z", "ms": 1360186605063.7012 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T06:36:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T21:36:45Z", "ms": 1360186605063.7012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:42 on Wed 6 Feb to 03:07 on Thu 7 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z → 2013-02-06T18:06:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:38 on the 6th and 06:37 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3330 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 6 February. Ekādaśī runs from 05:42 on Wed 6 Feb to 03:07 on Thu 7 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T00:21:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z", "ms": 1360250493526.8403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T00:21:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z", "ms": 1360250493526.8403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T17:14:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T08:14:21Z", "ms": 1360224860726.701 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T19:01:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T10:01:13Z", "ms": 1360231272550.1643 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T17:15:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T08:15:22Z", "ms": 1360311322433.8777 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T19:01:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T10:01:58Z", "ms": 1360317718427.6157 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Fri 8 Feb to 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z → 2013-02-08T12:32:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:14–19:01 on the 7th, 17:15–19:02 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 7th and 107 of 107 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 8 February. Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Fri 8 Feb to 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-02-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T18:49:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T18:49:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T23:31:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T14:31:07Z", "ms": 1360333867410.3953 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T00:19:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T15:19:07Z", "ms": 1360336747410.3953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-09T23:31:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T14:31:09Z", "ms": 1360420268986.311 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-10T00:19:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T15:19:09Z", "ms": 1360423148986.311 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 18:49 on Sat 9 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z → 2013-02-09T09:49:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:31–00:19 on the 8th, 23:31–00:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Friday 8 February. Caturdaśī runs from 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 18:49 on Sat 9 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T18:49:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T21:32:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T18:49:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-09T04:48:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T19:48:16Z", "ms": 1360352896393.1748 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T06:34:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T21:34:52Z", "ms": 1360359292386.9128 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-10T04:47:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T19:47:34Z", "ms": 1360439254028.4927 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-10T06:33:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T21:33:54Z", "ms": 1360445634043.8315 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 18:49 on Sat 9 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z → 2013-02-09T09:49:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:48–06:35 on the 9th, 04:48–06:34 on the 10th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 106 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Yama Tarpaṇa 2013 falls on Saturday 9 February. Caturdaśī runs from 21:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 18:49 on Sat 9 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T11:52:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T11:52:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T11:31:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:31:39Z", "ms": 1360722699344.8457 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-13T12:19:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T03:19:39Z", "ms": 1360725579344.8457 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:31:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:31:38Z", "ms": 1360809097724.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T12:19:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T03:19:38Z", "ms": 1360811977724.125 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z → 2013-02-14T02:49:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 13th, 11:32–12:20 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 27 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 18 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 11:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb and covers 27 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 18 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19665, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T11:52:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T11:52:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T17:20:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T08:20:27Z", "ms": 1360743627365.6536 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-13T19:05:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T10:05:42Z", "ms": 1360749942109.8977 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T17:21:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T08:21:28Z", "ms": 1360830087500.7654 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T19:06:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T10:06:26Z", "ms": 1360836385618.6277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z → 2013-02-14T02:49:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:20–19:06 on the 13th, 17:21–19:06 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 105 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19665 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Tila Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 11:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:31:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:31:38Z", "ms": 1360809097724.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T12:19:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T03:19:38Z", "ms": 1360811977724.125 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-15T11:31:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T02:31:35Z", "ms": 1360895495351.5078 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:19:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:19:35Z", "ms": 1360898375351.5078 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:35 on Fri 15 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z → 2013-02-15T03:35:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 14th, 11:32–12:20 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śrī Pañcamī 2013 falls on Thursday 14 February. Pañcamī runs from 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:35 on Fri 15 Feb and covers 30 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:49:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T11:31:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:31:38Z", "ms": 1360809097724.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T12:19:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T03:19:38Z", "ms": 1360811977724.125 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-15T11:31:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T02:31:35Z", "ms": 1360895495351.5078 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T12:19:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:19:35Z", "ms": 1360898375351.5078 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:35 on Fri 15 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z → 2013-02-15T03:35:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 14th, 11:32–12:20 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vasanta Pañcamī 2013 falls on Friday 15 February. Pañcamī runs from 11:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:35 on Fri 15 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 30 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27554, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T14:06:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z", "ms": 1360991212126.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T16:15:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T07:15:59Z", "ms": 1361085358688.4575 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T14:06:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z", "ms": 1360991212126.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T16:15:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T07:15:59Z", "ms": 1361085358688.4575 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T04:42:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T19:42:56Z", "ms": 1360957376286.547 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-16T06:27:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T21:27:38Z", "ms": 1360963657666.2798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-17T04:42:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T19:42:06Z", "ms": 1361043726287.911 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T06:26:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T21:26:31Z", "ms": 1361049990823.3003 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 16 Feb to 16:16 on Sun 17 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z → 2013-02-17T07:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:43–06:28 on the 16th, 04:42–06:27 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 16th and 104 of 104 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27554 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ratha Saptamī 2013 falls on Sunday 17 February. Saptamī runs from 14:07 on Sat 16 Feb to 16:16 on Sun 17 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T00:04:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z", "ms": 1361372652085.3782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T02:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T00:04:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z", "ms": 1361372652085.3782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T02:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T06:21:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T21:21:53Z", "ms": 1361395312846.1958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-21T06:21:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T21:21:53Z", "ms": 1361395312846.1958 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T06:20:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T21:20:41Z", "ms": 1361481640863.6958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T06:20:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T21:20:41Z", "ms": 1361481640863.6958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:04 on Thu 21 Feb to 02:16 on Fri 22 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z → 2013-02-21T17:15:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 21st and 06:21 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Jayā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 00:04 on Thu 21 Feb to 02:16 on Fri 22 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27265, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T02:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-23T03:56:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T02:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-23T03:56:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T11:30:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T02:30:59Z", "ms": 1361500258686.9053 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T12:18:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T03:18:59Z", "ms": 1361503138686.9053 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-23T11:30:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T02:30:51Z", "ms": 1361586650758.517 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-23T12:18:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T03:18:51Z", "ms": 1361589530758.517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:16 on Fri 22 Feb to 03:56 on Sat 23 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z → 2013-02-22T18:56:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 22nd, 11:31–12:19 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27265 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 22 February. Dvādaśī runs from 02:16 on Fri 22 Feb to 03:56 on Sat 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31468, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-23T03:56:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-24T05:01:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T20:01:21Z", "ms": 1361649681060.147 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-23T03:56:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-24T05:01:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T20:01:21Z", "ms": 1361649681060.147 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T17:29:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T08:29:17Z", "ms": 1361521756510.115 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T19:11:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T10:11:58Z", "ms": 1361527918035.7183 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-23T17:30:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T08:30:14Z", "ms": 1361608213564.895 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-23T19:12:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T10:12:38Z", "ms": 1361614357642.2556 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:56 on Sat 23 Feb to 05:01 on Sun 24 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z → 2013-02-23T20:01:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:29–19:12 on the 22nd, 17:30–19:13 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 103 minutes on the 22nd and 102 of 102 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31468 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 23 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:56 on Sat 23 Feb to 05:01 on Sun 24 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21615, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T05:30:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z", "ms": 1361737818083.2754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-26T05:26:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T20:26:04Z", "ms": 1361823963920.3018 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T05:30:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z", "ms": 1361737818083.2754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-26T05:26:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T20:26:04Z", "ms": 1361823963920.3018 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T11:30:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T02:30:33Z", "ms": 1361759433055.9355 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-25T12:18:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T03:18:33Z", "ms": 1361762313055.9355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-26T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-26T02:30:23Z", "ms": 1361845823321.2905 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-26T12:18:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-26T03:18:23Z", "ms": 1361848703321.2905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 05:30 on Mon 25 Feb to 05:26 on Tue 26 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z → 2013-02-25T20:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 25th, 11:30–12:18 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21615 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 25 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Monday 25 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 05:30 on Mon 25 Feb to 05:26 on Tue 26 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-01T02:42:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z", "ms": 1362073365082.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-02T01:14:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T16:14:25Z", "ms": 1362154465452.0244 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-01T02:42:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z", "ms": 1362073365082.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-02T01:14:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T16:14:25Z", "ms": 1362154465452.0244 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-28T20:13:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T11:13:46Z", "ms": 1362050026496.2378 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-28T20:13:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T11:13:46Z", "ms": 1362050026496.2378 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-01T21:18:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T12:18:40Z", "ms": 1362140320033.8171 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-01T21:18:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T12:18:40Z", "ms": 1362140320033.8171 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Fri 1 Mar to 01:14 on Sat 2 Mar.", "fact": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z → 2013-03-01T16:14:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:14 on the 28th and 21:19 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 1 March. Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Fri 1 Mar to 01:14 on Sat 2 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T13:36:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z", "ms": 1362631014412.9465 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T11:28:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T02:28:52Z", "ms": 1362709731718.6465 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T13:36:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z", "ms": 1362631014412.9465 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T11:28:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T02:28:52Z", "ms": 1362709731718.6465 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T06:03:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-06T21:03:53Z", "ms": 1362603832898.0425 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-07T06:03:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-06T21:03:53Z", "ms": 1362603832898.0425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-08T06:02:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T21:02:31Z", "ms": 1362690150985.3005 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T06:02:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T21:02:31Z", "ms": 1362690150985.3005 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:37 on Thu 7 Mar to 11:29 on Fri 8 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z → 2013-03-08T02:28:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 7th and 06:03 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 8 March. Ekādaśī runs from 13:37 on Thu 7 Mar to 11:29 on Fri 8 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T09:26:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z", "ms": 1362788761480.891 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T07:34:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T09:26:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z", "ms": 1362788761480.891 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T07:34:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T17:42:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T08:42:59Z", "ms": 1362818579165.1025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-09T19:21:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T10:21:13Z", "ms": 1362824473381.6338 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T17:43:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T08:43:52Z", "ms": 1362905031782.6328 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T19:21:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T10:21:48Z", "ms": 1362910907886.5562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:26 on Sat 9 Mar to 07:34 on Sun 10 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z → 2013-03-09T22:34:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:21 on the 9th, 17:44–19:22 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 98 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 9 March. Trayodaśī runs from 09:26 on Sat 9 Mar to 07:34 on Sun 10 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T07:34:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T06:00:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T21:00:10Z", "ms": 1362949209803.8667 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T07:34:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T06:00:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T21:00:10Z", "ms": 1362949209803.8667 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T23:27:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T14:27:22Z", "ms": 1362839242477.0947 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T00:15:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T15:15:22Z", "ms": 1362842122477.0947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T23:27:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T14:27:07Z", "ms": 1362925627172.3452 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T00:15:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T15:15:07Z", "ms": 1362928507172.3452 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:34 on Sun 10 Mar to 06:00 on Mon 11 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z → 2013-03-10T21:00:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:27–00:15 on the 9th, 23:27–00:15 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 20703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mahāśivarātri 2013 falls on Sunday 10 March. Caturdaśī runs from 07:34 on Sun 10 Mar to 06:00 on Mon 11 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-03-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-15T04:53:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z", "ms": 1363290830168.705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-16T06:14:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T21:14:32Z", "ms": 1363382072093.0356 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-15T04:53:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z", "ms": 1363290830168.705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-16T06:14:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T21:14:32Z", "ms": 1363382072093.0356 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-15T11:26:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T02:26:29Z", "ms": 1363314388687.8018 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-15T12:14:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T03:14:29Z", "ms": 1363317268687.8018 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-16T11:26:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-16T02:26:12Z", "ms": 1363400771864.432 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-16T12:14:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-16T03:14:12Z", "ms": 1363403651864.432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:54 on Fri 15 Mar to 06:15 on Sat 16 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z → 2013-03-15T21:14:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 15th, 11:26–12:14 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 15 March. Caturthī runs from 04:54 on Fri 15 Mar to 06:15 on Sat 16 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-03-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-22T19:40:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z", "ms": 1363948831353.6543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T20:45:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T11:45:58Z", "ms": 1364039157739.7593 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-22T19:40:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z", "ms": 1363948831353.6543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T20:45:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T11:45:58Z", "ms": 1364039157739.7593 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-23T05:41:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T20:41:22Z", "ms": 1363984881814.5488 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T05:41:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T20:41:22Z", "ms": 1363984881814.5488 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T05:39:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T20:39:56Z", "ms": 1364071195782.858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-24T05:39:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T20:39:56Z", "ms": 1364071195782.858 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:41 on Fri 22 Mar to 20:46 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z → 2013-03-23T11:45:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:41 on the 23rd and 05:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 23 March. Ekādaśī runs from 19:41 on Fri 22 Mar to 20:46 on Sat 23 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4850, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T21:09:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z", "ms": 1364126948920.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T20:50:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T11:50:49Z", "ms": 1364212248979.9502 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T21:09:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z", "ms": 1364126948920.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T20:50:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T11:50:49Z", "ms": 1364212248979.9502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T17:55:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T08:55:46Z", "ms": 1364115345719.8271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-24T19:29:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T10:29:28Z", "ms": 1364120967589.2825 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-25T17:56:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T08:56:35Z", "ms": 1364201795466.346 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T19:29:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T10:29:59Z", "ms": 1364207399233.3967 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:09 on Sun 24 Mar to 20:51 on Mon 25 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z → 2013-03-25T11:50:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:56–19:29 on the 24th, 17:57–19:30 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 24th and 93 of 93 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4850 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 25 March. Trayodaśī runs from 21:09 on Sun 24 Mar to 20:51 on Mon 25 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:54:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:54:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T15:29:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T06:29:21Z", "ms": 1364279360833.7363 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-26T17:57:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T08:57:25Z", "ms": 1364288245112.3638 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T15:29:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T06:29:43Z", "ms": 1364365783288.8276 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T17:58:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T08:58:15Z", "ms": 1364374694673.6033 } }, "covered_min": 149, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z → 2013-03-27T09:27:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:29–17:57 on the 26th, 15:30–17:58 on the 27th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 148 minutes on the 26th and 149 of 149 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Holikā Dahana 2013 falls on Wednesday 27 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:54:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:54:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T15:29:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T06:29:21Z", "ms": 1364279360833.7363 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-26T17:57:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T08:57:25Z", "ms": 1364288245112.3638 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T15:29:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T06:29:43Z", "ms": 1364365783288.8276 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T17:58:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T08:58:15Z", "ms": 1364374694673.6033 } }, "covered_min": 149, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2013-03-27", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z → 2013-03-27T09:27:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:29–17:57 on the 26th, 15:30–17:58 on the 27th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 148 minutes on the 26th and 149 of 149 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1744 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Wednesday 27 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Holī 2013 falls on Thursday 28 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Wednesday 27 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 27th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39649, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T16:35:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T07:35:01Z", "ms": 1364456101213.4 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T18:27:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T16:35:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T07:35:01Z", "ms": 1364456101213.4 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T05:35:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T20:35:38Z", "ms": 1364330137749.7249 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T05:35:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T20:35:38Z", "ms": 1364330137749.7249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-28T05:34:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T20:34:12Z", "ms": 1364416451864.0247 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T05:34:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T20:34:12Z", "ms": 1364416451864.0247 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar to 16:35 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z → 2013-03-28T07:35:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:36 on the 27th and 05:34 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39649 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vasantotsava 2013 falls on Thursday 28 March. Pratipadā runs from 18:27 on Wed 27 Mar to 16:35 on Thu 28 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-30T12:04:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z", "ms": 1364612667577.8552 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T09:38:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T00:38:56Z", "ms": 1364690336255.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-30T12:04:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z", "ms": 1364612667577.8552 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T09:38:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T00:38:56Z", "ms": 1364690336255.758 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-30T21:19:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T12:19:36Z", "ms": 1364645976464.882 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-30T21:19:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T12:19:36Z", "ms": 1364645976464.882 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-31T22:25:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T13:25:04Z", "ms": 1364736303519.2708 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T22:25:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T13:25:04Z", "ms": 1364736303519.2708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:04 on Sat 30 Mar to 09:39 on Sun 31 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z → 2013-03-31T00:38:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:20 on the 30th and 22:25 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 30 March. Caturthī runs from 12:04 on Sat 30 Mar to 09:39 on Sun 31 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-03T02:39:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z", "ms": 1364924369076.5686 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-04T00:36:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T15:36:30Z", "ms": 1365003390338.9817 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-03T02:39:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z", "ms": 1364924369076.5686 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-04T00:36:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T15:36:30Z", "ms": 1365003390338.9817 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-03T11:20:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T02:20:50Z", "ms": 1364955650327.9531 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-03T12:08:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T03:08:50Z", "ms": 1364958530327.9531 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-04T11:20:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-04T02:20:33Z", "ms": 1365042032834.9512 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-04T12:08:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-04T03:08:33Z", "ms": 1365044912834.9512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:39 on Wed 3 Apr to 00:37 on Thu 4 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z → 2013-04-03T15:36:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 3rd, 11:21–12:09 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śītalāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Wednesday 3 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:39 on Wed 3 Apr to 00:37 on Thu 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29447, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-05T21:10:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z", "ms": 1365163841144.658 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T19:52:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T10:52:40Z", "ms": 1365245559773.5054 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-05T21:10:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z", "ms": 1365163841144.658 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T19:52:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T10:52:40Z", "ms": 1365245559773.5054 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-06T05:21:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T20:21:28Z", "ms": 1365193287947.0315 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T05:21:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T20:21:28Z", "ms": 1365193287947.0315 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T05:20:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T20:20:05Z", "ms": 1365279604639.2417 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-07T05:20:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T20:20:05Z", "ms": 1365279604639.2417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:11 on Fri 5 Apr to 19:53 on Sat 6 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z → 2013-04-06T10:52:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:21 on the 6th and 05:20 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29447 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 6 April. Ekādaśī runs from 21:11 on Fri 5 Apr to 19:53 on Sat 6 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 754, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T18:54:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1365328496540.141 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T18:20:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T18:54:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1365328496540.141 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T18:20:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T18:07:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T09:07:18Z", "ms": 1365325638390.9526 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-07T19:36:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T10:36:50Z", "ms": 1365331009505.5898 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T18:08:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:08:08Z", "ms": 1365412087944.4124 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T19:37:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T10:37:21Z", "ms": 1365417441459.536 } }, "covered_min": 13, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:55 on Sun 7 Apr to 18:21 on Mon 8 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z → 2013-04-08T09:20:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:37 on the 7th, 18:08–19:37 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 42 of 90 minutes on the 7th and 13 of 89 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 754 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 18:55 on Sun 7 Apr to 18:21 on Mon 8 Apr and covers 42 of 90 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 13 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-04-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T18:20:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T18:13:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T09:13:12Z", "ms": 1365498791979.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T18:20:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T18:13:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T09:13:12Z", "ms": 1365498791979.295 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T23:18:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T14:18:44Z", "ms": 1365430723626.126 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T00:06:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T15:06:44Z", "ms": 1365433603626.126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-09T23:18:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T14:18:27Z", "ms": 1365517107438.103 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-10T00:06:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T15:06:27Z", "ms": 1365519987438.103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:21 on Mon 8 Apr to 18:13 on Tue 9 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z → 2013-04-09T09:13:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:19–00:07 on the 8th, 23:18–00:06 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Monday 8 April. Caturdaśī runs from 18:21 on Mon 8 Apr to 18:13 on Tue 9 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T18:35:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z", "ms": 1365586517959.7874 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T19:28:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T10:28:51Z", "ms": 1365676131069.1042 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T18:35:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z", "ms": 1365586517959.7874 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T19:28:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T10:28:51Z", "ms": 1365676131069.1042 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T11:18:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T02:18:52Z", "ms": 1365560332257.2036 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-10T12:06:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T03:06:52Z", "ms": 1365563212257.2036 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-11T11:18:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T02:18:36Z", "ms": 1365646716361.0942 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T12:06:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T03:06:36Z", "ms": 1365649596361.0942 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 18:35 on Wed 10 Apr to 19:29 on Thu 11 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z → 2013-04-11T10:28:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 10th, 11:19–12:07 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2013 falls on Thursday 11 April. Pratipadā runs from 18:35 on Wed 10 Apr to 19:29 on Thu 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 707, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T04:58:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T01:51:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T16:51:20Z", "ms": 1368550279912.1794 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T04:58:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T04:58:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T05:11:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T20:11:55Z", "ms": 1365797514510.7825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T05:10:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T20:10:35Z", "ms": 1365883834685.3225 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T05:10:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T20:10:35Z", "ms": 1365883834685.3225 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T05:09:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T20:09:15Z", "ms": 1365970155462.396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:59 on Sun 14 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:12 on the 13th, and from 05:11 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 707 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vaiśākhī 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 04:59 on Sun 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T20:53:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T20:53:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T11:18:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T02:18:21Z", "ms": 1365733100748.4058 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-12T12:06:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T03:06:21Z", "ms": 1365735980748.4058 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T11:18:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T02:18:05Z", "ms": 1365819485432.0415 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T12:06:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T03:06:05Z", "ms": 1365822365432.0415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z → 2013-04-13T13:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 12th, 11:18–12:06 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T20:53:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T20:53:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T11:18:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T02:18:21Z", "ms": 1365733100748.4058 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-12T12:06:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T03:06:21Z", "ms": 1365735980748.4058 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T11:18:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T02:18:05Z", "ms": 1365819485432.0415 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T12:06:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T03:06:05Z", "ms": 1365822365432.0415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z → 2013-04-13T13:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 12th, 11:18–12:06 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-04-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T01:04:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T22:47:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T01:04:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T11:17:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T02:17:50Z", "ms": 1365905870424.9185 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T12:05:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T03:05:50Z", "ms": 1365908750424.9185 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-15T11:17:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T02:17:36Z", "ms": 1365992255740.0093 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T12:05:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T03:05:36Z", "ms": 1365995135740.0093 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr to 01:05 on Mon 15 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z → 2013-04-14T16:04:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 14th, 11:18–12:06 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 14 April. Caturthī runs from 22:48 on Sat 13 Apr to 01:05 on Mon 15 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-04-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-15T01:04:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-16T03:35:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T18:35:41Z", "ms": 1366050941052.3115 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-15T01:04:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-16T03:35:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T18:35:41Z", "ms": 1366050941052.3115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-15T11:17:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T02:17:36Z", "ms": 1365992255740.0093 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T12:05:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T03:05:36Z", "ms": 1365995135740.0093 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-16T11:17:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-16T02:17:21Z", "ms": 1366078641390.3513 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-16T12:05:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-16T03:05:21Z", "ms": 1366081521390.3513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 01:05 on Mon 15 Apr to 03:36 on Tue 16 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z → 2013-04-15T18:35:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 15th, 11:17–12:05 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2013 falls on Monday 15 April. Pañcamī runs from 01:05 on Mon 15 Apr to 03:36 on Tue 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3105, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T08:29:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z", "ms": 1366241344209.2683 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T10:24:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T08:29:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z", "ms": 1366241344209.2683 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T10:24:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T11:16:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-18T02:16:54Z", "ms": 1366251413749.2217 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-18T12:04:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-18T03:04:54Z", "ms": 1366254293749.2217 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T11:16:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T02:16:40Z", "ms": 1366337800484.1035 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T12:04:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T03:04:40Z", "ms": 1366340680484.1035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:29 on Thu 18 Apr to 10:25 on Fri 19 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z → 2013-04-19T01:24:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 18th, 11:17–12:05 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3105 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Bhavānī Utpatti 2013 falls on Thursday 18 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:29 on Thu 18 Apr to 10:25 on Fri 19 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1168, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T10:24:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T11:45:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T02:45:00Z", "ms": 1366425899994.6821 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T10:24:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T11:45:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T02:45:00Z", "ms": 1366425899994.6821 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T11:16:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T02:16:40Z", "ms": 1366337800484.1035 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T12:04:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T03:04:40Z", "ms": 1366340680484.1035 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-20T11:16:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T02:16:28Z", "ms": 1366424187606.9888 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T12:04:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T03:04:28Z", "ms": 1366427067606.9888 } }, "covered_min": 29, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 10:25 on Fri 19 Apr to 11:45 on Sat 20 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z → 2013-04-20T02:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 19th, 11:16–12:04 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 29 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1168 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rāma Navamī 2013 falls on Friday 19 April. Navamī runs from 10:25 on Fri 19 Apr to 11:45 on Sat 20 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 29 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25976, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T12:22:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z", "ms": 1366514527494.6516 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T12:13:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T03:13:16Z", "ms": 1366600396466.4297 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T12:22:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z", "ms": 1366514527494.6516 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T12:13:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T03:13:16Z", "ms": 1366600396466.4297 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T05:01:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T20:01:34Z", "ms": 1366488094321.2725 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-21T05:01:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T20:01:34Z", "ms": 1366488094321.2725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-22T05:00:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T20:00:20Z", "ms": 1366574420095.1392 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T05:00:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T20:00:20Z", "ms": 1366574420095.1392 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:22 on Sun 21 Apr to 12:13 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z → 2013-04-22T03:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:02 on the 21st and 05:00 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25976 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 22 April. Ekādaśī runs from 12:22 on Sun 21 Apr to 12:13 on Mon 22 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T11:19:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T11:19:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T11:15:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:15:51Z", "ms": 1366683351439.9092 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-23T12:03:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T03:03:51Z", "ms": 1366686231439.9092 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T11:15:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T02:15:40Z", "ms": 1366769740252.8245 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T12:03:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T03:03:40Z", "ms": 1366772620252.8245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z → 2013-04-24T00:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:16–12:04 on the 23rd, 11:16–12:04 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 45 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 208 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 23 April. Trayodaśī runs from 11:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr and covers 45 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 28 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T11:19:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T11:19:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T18:20:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T09:20:36Z", "ms": 1366708836181.1296 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-23T19:45:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T10:45:35Z", "ms": 1366713934578.6182 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T18:21:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:21:26Z", "ms": 1366795286343.356 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T19:46:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T10:46:08Z", "ms": 1366800368499.8225 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z → 2013-04-24T00:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–19:46 on the 23rd, 18:21–19:46 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 85 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25277 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Tuesday 23 April. Trayodaśī runs from 11:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5485, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T07:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T09:44:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T07:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T11:15:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T02:15:40Z", "ms": 1366769740252.8245 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T12:03:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T03:03:40Z", "ms": 1366772620252.8245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T11:15:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T02:15:30Z", "ms": 1366856129524.6885 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T12:03:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T03:03:30Z", "ms": 1366859009524.6885 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr to 07:34 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z → 2013-04-24T22:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:16–12:04 on the 24th, 11:15–12:03 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5485 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 24 April. Caturdaśī runs from 09:44 on Wed 24 Apr to 07:34 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13270, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T07:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-26T04:57:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T19:57:07Z", "ms": 1366919826742.1062 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T07:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-26T04:57:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T19:57:07Z", "ms": 1366919826742.1062 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T11:15:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T02:15:30Z", "ms": 1366856129524.6885 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T12:03:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T03:03:30Z", "ms": 1366859009524.6885 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-26T11:15:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-26T02:15:19Z", "ms": 1366942519270.725 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-26T12:03:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-26T03:03:19Z", "ms": 1366945399270.725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:34 on Thu 25 Apr to 04:57 on Fri 26 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z → 2013-04-25T19:57:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 25th, 11:15–12:03 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13270 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Thursday 25 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:34 on Thu 25 Apr to 04:57 on Fri 26 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-04-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-28T19:45:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z", "ms": 1367145908207.482 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T16:41:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T07:41:33Z", "ms": 1367221292614.1223 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-28T19:45:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z", "ms": 1367145908207.482 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T16:41:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T07:41:33Z", "ms": 1367221292614.1223 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-28T21:15:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T12:15:26Z", "ms": 1367151325547.632 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-28T21:15:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T12:15:26Z", "ms": 1367151325547.632 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-29T22:15:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T13:15:25Z", "ms": 1367241325324.6213 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T22:15:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T13:15:25Z", "ms": 1367241325324.6213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Sun 28 Apr to 16:42 on Mon 29 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z → 2013-04-29T07:41:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:15 on the 28th and 22:15 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Sun 28 Apr to 16:42 on Mon 29 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T05:33:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z", "ms": 1367699591337.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T05:22:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T20:22:50Z", "ms": 1367785369552.5295 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T05:33:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z", "ms": 1367699591337.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T05:22:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T20:22:50Z", "ms": 1367785369552.5295 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T04:45:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T19:45:42Z", "ms": 1367696742003.8477 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-05T04:45:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T19:45:42Z", "ms": 1367696742003.8477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-06T04:44:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T19:44:42Z", "ms": 1367783082206.1208 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T04:44:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T19:44:42Z", "ms": 1367783082206.1208 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:33 on Sun 5 May to 05:23 on Mon 6 May.", "fact": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z → 2013-05-05T20:22:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:46 on the 5th and 04:45 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 6 May. Ekādaśī runs from 05:33 on Sun 5 May to 05:23 on Mon 6 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35380, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T05:42:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z", "ms": 1367872966869.5132 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T06:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T05:42:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z", "ms": 1367872966869.5132 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T06:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-06T18:31:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T09:31:29Z", "ms": 1367832689032.1802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T19:53:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T10:53:07Z", "ms": 1367837586981.4507 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T18:32:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T09:32:19Z", "ms": 1367919138991.448 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-07T19:53:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T10:53:43Z", "ms": 1367924022641.0703 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:43 on Tue 7 May to 06:32 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z → 2013-05-07T21:31:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–19:53 on the 6th, 18:32–19:54 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 82 minutes on the 6th and 81 of 81 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35380 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Tuesday 7 May. Trayodaśī runs from 05:43 on Tue 7 May to 06:32 on Wed 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-05-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23410, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T06:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T07:47:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T22:47:45Z", "ms": 1368053264874.0615 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T06:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T07:47:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T22:47:45Z", "ms": 1368053264874.0615 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T23:13:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T14:13:33Z", "ms": 1367936012677.5312 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T00:01:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T15:01:33Z", "ms": 1367938892677.5312 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T23:13:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T14:13:30Z", "ms": 1368022409594.4175 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T00:01:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T15:01:30Z", "ms": 1368025289594.4175 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:32 on Wed 8 May to 07:48 on Thu 9 May.", "fact": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z → 2013-05-08T22:47:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:14–00:02 on the 7th, 23:13–00:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23410 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Wednesday 8 May. Caturdaśī runs from 06:32 on Wed 8 May to 07:48 on Thu 9 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8357, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T13:48:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T13:48:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T18:36:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T09:36:26Z", "ms": 1368351386393.3997 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-12T19:56:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T10:56:41Z", "ms": 1368356201497.9785 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T18:37:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T09:37:15Z", "ms": 1368437835208.8127 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T19:57:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T10:57:17Z", "ms": 1368442637239.3384 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:49 on Sun 12 May to 16:18 on Mon 13 May.", "fact": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z → 2013-05-13T07:17:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–19:57 on the 12th, 18:37–19:57 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 80 of 80 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 80 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8357 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2013 falls on Sunday 12 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:49 on Sun 12 May to 16:18 on Mon 13 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16237, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T13:48:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T13:48:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T04:39:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-11T19:39:10Z", "ms": 1368301150310.6921 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-12T09:18:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T00:18:16Z", "ms": 1368317895671.5947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 279, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T04:38:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T19:38:20Z", "ms": 1368387499677.7407 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T09:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T00:17:58Z", "ms": 1368404278188.0981 } }, "covered_min": 280, "window_min": 280, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:49 on Sun 12 May to 16:18 on Mon 13 May.", "fact": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z → 2013-05-13T07:17:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:39–09:18 on the 12th, 04:38–09:18 on the 13th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 279 minutes on the 12th and 280 of 280 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16237 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 2013 falls on Monday 13 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:49 on Sun 12 May to 16:18 on Mon 13 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-05-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15370, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T18:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T16:17:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T18:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:13:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T02:13:47Z", "ms": 1368411227443.2769 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T12:01:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T03:01:47Z", "ms": 1368414107443.2769 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T11:13:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T02:13:47Z", "ms": 1368497627087.1487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T12:01:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T03:01:47Z", "ms": 1368500507087.1487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:18 on Mon 13 May to 18:50 on Tue 14 May.", "fact": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z → 2013-05-14T09:49:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 13th, 11:14–12:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15370 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 14 May. Caturthī runs from 16:18 on Mon 13 May to 18:50 on Tue 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24464, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T18:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T21:13:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T12:13:54Z", "ms": 1368620033624.8394 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T18:49:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T21:13:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T12:13:54Z", "ms": 1368620033624.8394 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T11:13:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T02:13:47Z", "ms": 1368497627087.1487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T12:01:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T03:01:47Z", "ms": 1368500507087.1487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-15T11:13:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T02:13:47Z", "ms": 1368584027278.8096 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T12:01:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T03:01:47Z", "ms": 1368586907278.8096 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:50 on Tue 14 May to 21:14 on Wed 15 May.", "fact": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z → 2013-05-15T12:13:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 14th, 11:14–12:02 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24464 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śaṅkara Jayantī 2013 falls on Wednesday 15 May. Pañcamī runs from 18:50 on Tue 14 May to 21:14 on Wed 15 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36901, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-16T23:20:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z", "ms": 1368714028956.279 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-18T00:58:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T15:58:50Z", "ms": 1368806330175.455 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-16T23:20:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z", "ms": 1368714028956.279 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-18T00:58:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T15:58:50Z", "ms": 1368806330175.455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-17T11:13:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T02:13:49Z", "ms": 1368756829284.1455 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-17T12:01:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T03:01:49Z", "ms": 1368759709284.1455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-18T11:13:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-18T02:13:51Z", "ms": 1368843231086.3088 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-18T12:01:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-18T03:01:51Z", "ms": 1368846111086.3088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:20 on Thu 16 May to 00:59 on Sat 18 May.", "fact": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z → 2013-05-17T15:58:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 17th, 11:14–12:02 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36901 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2013 falls on Friday 17 May. Saptamī runs from 23:20 on Thu 16 May to 00:59 on Sat 18 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9846, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T01:48:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z", "ms": 1369068500300.2178 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T01:48:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z", "ms": 1369068500300.2178 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T04:32:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T19:32:26Z", "ms": 1369078346401.8584 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T04:32:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T19:32:26Z", "ms": 1369078346401.8584 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T04:31:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T19:31:49Z", "ms": 1369164709000.5479 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T04:31:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T19:31:49Z", "ms": 1369164709000.5479 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:48 on Tue 21 May to 00:33 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z → 2013-05-21T15:32:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:32 on the 21st and 04:32 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9846 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Ekādaśī runs from 01:48 on Tue 21 May to 00:33 on Wed 22 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37916, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T11:14:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T02:14:00Z", "ms": 1369102439617.359 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T12:02:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T03:02:00Z", "ms": 1369105319617.359 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T11:14:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T02:14:03Z", "ms": 1369188843482.1875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T12:02:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T03:02:03Z", "ms": 1369191723482.1875 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:33 on Wed 22 May to 22:34 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z → 2013-05-22T13:33:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 21st, 11:14–12:02 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37916 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Dvādaśī runs from 00:33 on Wed 22 May to 22:34 on Wed 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37916, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T00:32:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T11:14:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T02:14:00Z", "ms": 1369102439617.359 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T12:02:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T03:02:00Z", "ms": 1369105319617.359 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T11:14:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T02:14:03Z", "ms": 1369188843482.1875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T12:02:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T03:02:03Z", "ms": 1369191723482.1875 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:33 on Wed 22 May to 22:34 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z → 2013-05-22T13:33:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 21st, 11:14–12:02 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37916 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Dvādaśī runs from 00:33 on Wed 22 May to 22:34 on Wed 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T19:57:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T19:57:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T18:45:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T09:45:03Z", "ms": 1369302302533.7085 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T20:03:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T11:03:07Z", "ms": 1369306987383.2122 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T18:45:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T09:45:47Z", "ms": 1369388746513.873 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T20:03:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T11:03:41Z", "ms": 1369393421144.907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Thu 23 May to 16:52 on Fri 24 May.", "fact": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z → 2013-05-24T07:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:03 on the 23rd, 18:46–20:04 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 5 of 78 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 78 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2013 falls on Thursday 23 May. Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Thu 23 May to 16:52 on Fri 24 May and covers 5 of 78 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T19:57:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:33:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T19:57:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T18:44:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T09:44:18Z", "ms": 1369215857963.827 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T20:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T11:02:33Z", "ms": 1369220553323.618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T18:45:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T09:45:03Z", "ms": 1369302302533.7085 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T20:03:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T11:03:07Z", "ms": 1369306987383.2122 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:34 on Wed 22 May to 19:58 on Thu 23 May.", "fact": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z → 2013-05-23T10:57:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:03 on the 22nd, 18:45–20:03 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 22nd and 73 of 78 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 23 May. Trayodaśī runs from 22:34 on Wed 22 May to 19:58 on Thu 23 May and covers 73 of 78 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:24:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:24:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:14:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T02:14:13Z", "ms": 1369361652709.4292 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T12:02:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T03:02:13Z", "ms": 1369364532709.4292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-25T11:14:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T02:14:18Z", "ms": 1369448058061.3115 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T12:02:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T03:02:18Z", "ms": 1369450938061.3115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:52 on Fri 24 May to 13:25 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z → 2013-05-25T04:24:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 24th, 11:14–12:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Buddha Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Saturday 25 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:52 on Fri 24 May to 13:25 on Sat 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:24:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T16:51:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:24:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:14:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T02:14:13Z", "ms": 1369361652709.4292 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T12:02:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T03:02:13Z", "ms": 1369364532709.4292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-25T11:14:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T02:14:18Z", "ms": 1369448058061.3115 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T12:02:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T03:02:18Z", "ms": 1369450938061.3115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:52 on Fri 24 May to 13:25 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z → 2013-05-25T04:24:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 24th, 11:14–12:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 25 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:52 on Fri 24 May to 13:25 on Sat 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-05-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-28T02:32:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z", "ms": 1369675977376.174 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T23:17:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T14:17:21Z", "ms": 1369750640959.001 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-28T02:32:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z", "ms": 1369675977376.174 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T23:17:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T14:17:21Z", "ms": 1369750640959.001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-27T20:58:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T11:58:40Z", "ms": 1369655919723.171 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-27T20:58:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T11:58:40Z", "ms": 1369655919723.171 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-28T21:49:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T12:49:54Z", "ms": 1369745394435.5393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T21:49:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T12:49:54Z", "ms": 1369745394435.5393 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:33 on Tue 28 May to 23:17 on Tue 28 May.", "fact": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z → 2013-05-28T14:17:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:59 on the 27th and 21:50 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5247 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 28 May. Caturthī runs from 02:33 on Tue 28 May to 23:17 on Tue 28 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T15:46:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z", "ms": 1370241992347.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T16:48:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T07:48:46Z", "ms": 1370332126051.952 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T15:46:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z", "ms": 1370241992347.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T16:48:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T07:48:46Z", "ms": 1370332126051.952 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T04:26:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-02T19:26:27Z", "ms": 1370201186847.916 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-03T04:26:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-02T19:26:27Z", "ms": 1370201186847.916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-04T04:26:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T19:26:11Z", "ms": 1370287570937.8408 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T04:26:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T19:26:11Z", "ms": 1370287570937.8408 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:47 on Mon 3 Jun to 16:49 on Tue 4 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z → 2013-06-04T07:48:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:26 on the 3rd and 04:26 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Aparā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 4 June. Ekādaśī runs from 15:47 on Mon 3 Jun to 16:49 on Tue 4 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 457, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T18:21:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z", "ms": 1370424086587.5562 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T20:17:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T18:21:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z", "ms": 1370424086587.5562 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T20:17:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T18:53:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T09:53:37Z", "ms": 1370426016984.729 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-05T20:09:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T11:09:54Z", "ms": 1370430593950.7927 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T18:54:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T09:54:10Z", "ms": 1370512450344.8044 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T20:10:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:10:21Z", "ms": 1370517021422.043 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:21 on Wed 5 Jun to 20:18 on Thu 6 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z → 2013-06-06T11:17:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:10 on the 5th, 18:54–20:10 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 5th and 76 of 76 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 457 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 5 June. Trayodaśī runs from 18:21 on Wed 5 Jun to 20:18 on Thu 6 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 76 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-06-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2661, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T20:17:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T22:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T13:31:43Z", "ms": 1370611902808.603 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T20:17:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T22:31:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T13:31:43Z", "ms": 1370611902808.603 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T23:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T14:15:52Z", "ms": 1370528151884.4487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T00:03:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T15:03:52Z", "ms": 1370531031884.4487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-07T23:16:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T14:16:03Z", "ms": 1370614563467.229 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-08T00:04:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T15:04:03Z", "ms": 1370617443467.229 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Thu 6 Jun to 22:32 on Fri 7 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z → 2013-06-07T13:31:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:16–00:04 on the 6th, 23:16–00:04 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2661 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 6 June. Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Thu 6 Jun to 22:32 on Fri 7 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-06-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T05:54:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z", "ms": 1370897684870.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T05:54:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z", "ms": 1370897684870.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T11:16:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T02:16:54Z", "ms": 1370917013599.3022 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-11T12:04:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T03:04:54Z", "ms": 1370919893599.3022 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T11:17:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T02:17:06Z", "ms": 1371003425527.109 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T12:05:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T03:05:06Z", "ms": 1371006305527.109 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:55 on Tue 11 Jun to 08:17 on Wed 12 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z → 2013-06-11T23:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 11th, 11:17–12:05 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2013 falls on Tuesday 11 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:55 on Tue 11 Jun to 08:17 on Wed 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-06-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3130, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T10:25:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T01:25:07Z", "ms": 1371086707176.569 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T10:25:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T01:25:07Z", "ms": 1371086707176.569 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T11:17:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T02:17:06Z", "ms": 1371003425527.109 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T12:05:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T03:05:06Z", "ms": 1371006305527.109 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-13T11:17:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T02:17:18Z", "ms": 1371089837619.1975 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T12:05:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T03:05:18Z", "ms": 1371092717619.1975 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:17 on Wed 12 Jun to 10:25 on Thu 13 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z → 2013-06-13T01:25:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 12th, 11:17–12:05 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3130 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 12 June. Caturthī runs from 08:17 on Wed 12 Jun to 10:25 on Thu 13 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:12:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:32:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:12:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:32:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T11:17:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T02:17:30Z", "ms": 1371176249850.7244 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:05:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:05:30Z", "ms": 1371179129850.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-15T11:17:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T02:17:42Z", "ms": 1371262662196.9644 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T12:05:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T03:05:42Z", "ms": 1371265542196.9644 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 13:32 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z → 2013-06-15T04:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 14th, 11:18–12:06 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 439 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 15 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 15 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 13:32 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 439, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:12:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:32:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:12:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:32:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T11:17:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T02:17:30Z", "ms": 1371176249850.7244 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-14T12:05:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:05:30Z", "ms": 1371179129850.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-15T11:17:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T02:17:42Z", "ms": 1371262662196.9644 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T12:05:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T03:05:42Z", "ms": 1371265542196.9644 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 13:32 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z → 2013-06-15T04:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 14th, 11:18–12:06 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 439 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 15 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2013 falls on Saturday 15 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 13:32 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T12:14:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z", "ms": 1371611642813.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T10:06:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T12:14:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z", "ms": 1371611642813.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T10:06:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T04:25:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-18T19:25:32Z", "ms": 1371583532237.1138 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-19T04:25:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-18T19:25:32Z", "ms": 1371583532237.1138 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T04:25:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T19:25:42Z", "ms": 1371669942389.624 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T04:25:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T19:25:42Z", "ms": 1371669942389.624 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:14 on Wed 19 Jun to 10:06 on Thu 20 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z → 2013-06-20T01:06:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:26 on the 19th and 04:26 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 20 June. Ekādaśī runs from 12:14 on Wed 19 Jun to 10:06 on Thu 20 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4365, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T10:06:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T07:20:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T10:06:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T07:20:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T11:18:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T02:18:45Z", "ms": 1371694724809.6245 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T12:06:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T03:06:45Z", "ms": 1371697604809.6245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T11:18:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T02:18:57Z", "ms": 1371781137350.4343 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T12:06:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T03:06:57Z", "ms": 1371784017350.4343 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:06 on Thu 20 Jun to 07:20 on Fri 21 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z → 2013-06-20T22:20:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 20th, 11:19–12:07 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4365 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 20 June. Dvādaśī runs from 10:06 on Thu 20 Jun to 07:20 on Fri 21 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28066, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T07:20:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-22T04:03:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T19:03:15Z", "ms": 1371841395366.2627 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T07:20:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-22T04:03:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T19:03:15Z", "ms": 1371841395366.2627 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T18:59:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T09:59:47Z", "ms": 1371722387229.625 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T20:15:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T11:15:16Z", "ms": 1371726916136.832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T19:00:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T10:00:01Z", "ms": 1371808800667.191 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T20:15:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T11:15:30Z", "ms": 1371813329531.4548 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:20 on Fri 21 Jun to 04:03 on Sat 22 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z → 2013-06-21T19:03:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:00–20:15 on the 20th, 19:00–20:15 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 20th and 75 of 75 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28066 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 21 June. Trayodaśī runs from 07:20 on Fri 21 Jun to 04:03 on Sat 22 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-06-23T00:24:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z", "ms": 1371914643430.7534 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T20:32:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T11:32:15Z", "ms": 1371987135195.6277 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-23T00:24:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z", "ms": 1371914643430.7534 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T20:32:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T11:32:15Z", "ms": 1371987135195.6277 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-22T19:00:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T10:00:13Z", "ms": 1371895212549.4202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-22T20:15:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T11:15:42Z", "ms": 1371899741771.6301 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-23T19:00:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T10:00:23Z", "ms": 1371981622859.3877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T20:15:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T11:15:53Z", "ms": 1371986152840.009 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:24 on Sun 23 Jun to 20:32 on Sun 23 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z → 2013-06-23T11:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:00–20:16 on the 22nd, 19:00–20:16 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 22nd and 75 of 75 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 23 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:24 on Sun 23 Jun to 20:32 on Sun 23 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-06-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33658, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T09:27:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z", "ms": 1372206435253.8281 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-27T06:30:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T21:30:55Z", "ms": 1372282255117.9736 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T09:27:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z", "ms": 1372206435253.8281 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-27T06:30:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T21:30:55Z", "ms": 1372282255117.9736 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-25T20:26:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-25T11:26:43Z", "ms": 1372159602769.7073 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-25T20:26:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-25T11:26:43Z", "ms": 1372159602769.7073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T21:09:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T12:09:58Z", "ms": 1372248597506.161 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-26T21:09:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T12:09:58Z", "ms": 1372248597506.161 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:27 on Wed 26 Jun to 06:31 on Thu 27 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z → 2013-06-26T21:30:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:27 on the 25th and 21:10 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33658 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 26 June. Caturthī runs from 09:27 on Wed 26 Jun to 06:31 on Thu 27 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 220, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:26:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z", "ms": 1372793182610.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T06:27:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T21:27:41Z", "ms": 1372886860505.7979 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:26:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z", "ms": 1372793182610.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T06:27:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T21:27:41Z", "ms": 1372886860505.7979 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:30:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:30:02Z", "ms": 1372793402213.282 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:30:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:30:02Z", "ms": 1372793402213.282 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-04T04:30:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T19:30:31Z", "ms": 1372879831116.7334 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T04:30:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T19:30:31Z", "ms": 1372879831116.7334 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:26 on Wed 3 Jul to 06:28 on Thu 4 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z → 2013-07-03T21:27:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:30 on the 3rd and 04:31 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 220 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 4 July. Ekādaśī runs from 04:26 on Wed 3 Jul to 06:28 on Thu 4 Jul and is current at sunrise that day. It is 3 min 40 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T08:48:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z", "ms": 1372981698580.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T11:18:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T08:48:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z", "ms": 1372981698580.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T11:18:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T19:00:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T10:00:19Z", "ms": 1373018419008.8186 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-05T20:16:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T11:16:29Z", "ms": 1373022988768.523 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T19:00:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T10:00:08Z", "ms": 1373104807725.7493 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T20:16:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T11:16:23Z", "ms": 1373109383270.9258 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:48 on Fri 5 Jul to 11:18 on Sat 6 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z → 2013-07-06T02:18:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:00–20:16 on the 5th, 19:00–20:16 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 76 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 5 July. Trayodaśī runs from 08:48 on Fri 5 Jul to 11:18 on Sat 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-07-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34388, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T11:18:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T13:49:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T04:49:08Z", "ms": 1373172548109.1406 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T11:18:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T13:49:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T04:49:08Z", "ms": 1373172548109.1406 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T23:22:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T14:22:06Z", "ms": 1373120526020.1611 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T00:10:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T15:10:06Z", "ms": 1373123406020.1611 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-07T23:22:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T14:22:16Z", "ms": 1373206936066.0112 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-08T00:10:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T15:10:16Z", "ms": 1373209816066.0112 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:18 on Sat 6 Jul to 13:49 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z → 2013-07-07T04:49:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:22–00:10 on the 6th, 23:22–00:10 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34388 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Saturday 6 July. Caturdaśī runs from 11:18 on Sat 6 Jul to 13:49 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T18:28:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z", "ms": 1373362131784.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T20:29:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T11:29:00Z", "ms": 1373455740113.3809 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T18:28:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z", "ms": 1373362131784.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T20:29:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T11:29:00Z", "ms": 1373455740113.3809 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T11:22:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T02:22:17Z", "ms": 1373336537494.1023 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-09T12:10:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T03:10:17Z", "ms": 1373339417494.1023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-10T11:22:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T02:22:26Z", "ms": 1373422945877.0935 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T12:10:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T03:10:26Z", "ms": 1373425825877.0935 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:29 on Tue 9 Jul to 20:29 on Wed 10 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z → 2013-07-10T11:29:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 9th, 11:22–12:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rathayātrā 2013 falls on Wednesday 10 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:29 on Tue 9 Jul to 20:29 on Wed 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-07-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36036, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T22:11:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z", "ms": 1373548269856.3176 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T23:31:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T22:11:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z", "ms": 1373548269856.3176 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T23:31:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T11:22:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T02:22:34Z", "ms": 1373509353829.6282 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-11T12:10:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T03:10:34Z", "ms": 1373512233829.6282 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T11:22:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T02:22:41Z", "ms": 1373595761332.4795 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T12:10:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T03:10:41Z", "ms": 1373598641332.4795 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:11 on Thu 11 Jul to 23:32 on Fri 12 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z → 2013-07-12T14:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 11th, 11:23–12:11 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36036 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 12 July. Caturthī runs from 22:11 on Thu 11 Jul to 23:32 on Fri 12 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T23:31:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-14T00:25:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T15:25:50Z", "ms": 1373729149544.8164 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T23:31:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-14T00:25:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T15:25:50Z", "ms": 1373729149544.8164 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-13T11:22:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T02:22:48Z", "ms": 1373682168367.3687 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-13T12:10:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T03:10:48Z", "ms": 1373685048367.3687 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-14T11:22:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T02:22:55Z", "ms": 1373768574917.0913 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-14T12:10:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T03:10:55Z", "ms": 1373771454917.0913 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 23:32 on Fri 12 Jul to 00:26 on Sun 14 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z → 2013-07-13T15:25:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 13th, 11:23–12:11 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Skanda Pañcamī 2013 falls on Saturday 13 July. Pañcamī runs from 23:32 on Fri 12 Jul to 00:26 on Sun 14 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-15T00:49:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1373816966605.192 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-16T00:38:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T15:38:07Z", "ms": 1373902687403.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-15T00:49:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1373816966605.192 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-16T00:38:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T15:38:07Z", "ms": 1373902687403.0967 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-15T11:23:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T02:23:01Z", "ms": 1373854980965.641 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-15T12:11:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T03:11:01Z", "ms": 1373857860965.641 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-16T11:23:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-16T02:23:06Z", "ms": 1373941386498.3545 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-16T12:11:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-16T03:11:06Z", "ms": 1373944266498.3545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:49 on Mon 15 Jul to 00:38 on Tue 16 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z → 2013-07-15T15:38:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 15th, 11:23–12:11 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 15 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vivasvat Saptamī 2013 falls on Monday 15 July. Saptamī runs from 00:49 on Mon 15 Jul to 00:38 on Tue 16 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30422, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-18T20:12:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z", "ms": 1374145953524.7896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T17:30:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T08:30:21Z", "ms": 1374222621235.9517 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-18T20:12:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z", "ms": 1374145953524.7896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T17:30:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T08:30:21Z", "ms": 1374222621235.9517 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-19T04:39:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T19:39:35Z", "ms": 1374176375301.434 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T04:39:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T19:39:35Z", "ms": 1374176375301.434 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T04:40:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T19:40:17Z", "ms": 1374262817192.7722 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-20T04:40:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T19:40:17Z", "ms": 1374262817192.7722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:13 on Thu 18 Jul to 17:30 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z → 2013-07-19T08:30:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:40 on the 19th and 04:40 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30422 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 19 July. Ekādaśī runs from 20:13 on Thu 18 Jul to 17:30 on Fri 19 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16526, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T14:19:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z", "ms": 1374297542826.8352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T10:46:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T01:46:26Z", "ms": 1374371185660.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T14:19:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z", "ms": 1374297542826.8352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T10:46:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T01:46:26Z", "ms": 1374371185660.7712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T18:54:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T09:54:29Z", "ms": 1374314069274.5747 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-20T20:12:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T11:12:41Z", "ms": 1374318761316.0334 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T18:53:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T09:53:52Z", "ms": 1374400432464.7869 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T20:12:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T11:12:15Z", "ms": 1374405135129.6582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:19 on Sat 20 Jul to 10:46 on Sun 21 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z → 2013-07-21T01:46:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:13 on the 20th, 18:54–20:12 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 78 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16526 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 20 July. Trayodaśī runs from 14:19 on Sat 20 Jul to 10:46 on Sun 21 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T04:41:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T19:41:42Z", "ms": 1374435702451.3215 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:32:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:32:01Z", "ms": 1374445920770.303 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T04:42:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T19:42:26Z", "ms": 1374522145763.8337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T07:32:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T22:32:27Z", "ms": 1374532347419.0825 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:42–07:32 on the 22nd, 04:42–07:32 on the 23rd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 30 of 170 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 170 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vyāsa Pūjā 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T11:23:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T02:23:28Z", "ms": 1374459808248.7754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T12:11:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T03:11:28Z", "ms": 1374462688248.7754 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T11:23:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T02:23:30Z", "ms": 1374546209901.956 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T12:11:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T03:11:30Z", "ms": 1374549089901.956 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 22nd, 11:23–12:11 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Guru Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T16:03:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T07:03:18Z", "ms": 1374390197888.9326 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T18:53:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T09:53:52Z", "ms": 1374400432464.7869 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T16:02:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T07:02:56Z", "ms": 1374476575727.2478 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T18:53:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T09:53:14Z", "ms": 1374486794046.2292 } }, "covered_min": 170, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:03–18:54 on the 21st, 16:03–18:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 171 minutes on the 21st and 170 of 170 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kokilā Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25424, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T07:01:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T03:15:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T18:53:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T09:53:52Z", "ms": 1374400432464.7869 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T20:12:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T11:12:15Z", "ms": 1374405135129.6582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T18:53:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T09:53:14Z", "ms": 1374486794046.2292 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T20:11:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T11:11:48Z", "ms": 1374491507608.5764 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:12 on the 21st, 18:53–20:12 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 21st and 79 of 79 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25424 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śiva Śayanotsava 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 03:16 on Tue 23 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2364, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T23:38:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z", "ms": 1374590314250.636 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T20:21:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T11:21:58Z", "ms": 1374664918444.1172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T23:38:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z", "ms": 1374590314250.636 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T20:21:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T11:21:58Z", "ms": 1374664918444.1172 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T19:00:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T10:00:43Z", "ms": 1374573642813.7446 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T19:00:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T10:00:43Z", "ms": 1374573642813.7446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-24T19:42:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T10:42:35Z", "ms": 1374662554506.9922 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T19:42:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T10:42:35Z", "ms": 1374662554506.9922 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 23:39 on Tue 23 Jul to 20:22 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z → 2013-07-24T11:21:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:01 on the 23rd and 19:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2364 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2013 falls on Wednesday 24 July. Dvitīyā runs from 23:39 on Tue 23 Jul to 20:22 on Wed 24 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-07-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T17:36:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z", "ms": 1374741379254.045 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T15:30:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T06:30:59Z", "ms": 1374820258689.0537 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T17:36:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z", "ms": 1374741379254.045 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T15:30:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T06:30:59Z", "ms": 1374820258689.0537 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T20:20:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T11:20:40Z", "ms": 1374751240093.5984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-25T20:20:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T11:20:40Z", "ms": 1374751240093.5984 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-26T20:56:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T11:56:24Z", "ms": 1374839784469.0984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T20:56:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T11:56:24Z", "ms": 1374839784469.0984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:36 on Thu 25 Jul to 15:31 on Fri 26 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z → 2013-07-26T06:30:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 25th and 20:56 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 25 July. Caturthī runs from 17:36 on Thu 25 Jul to 15:31 on Fri 26 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24484, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-01T19:32:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z", "ms": 1375353156593.1792 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T22:02:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T13:02:40Z", "ms": 1375448560352.2312 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-01T19:32:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z", "ms": 1375353156593.1792 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T22:02:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T13:02:40Z", "ms": 1375448560352.2312 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-02T04:49:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T19:49:58Z", "ms": 1375386598031.1162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T04:49:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T19:49:58Z", "ms": 1375386598031.1162 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-03T04:50:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T19:50:45Z", "ms": 1375473044611.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-03T04:50:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T19:50:45Z", "ms": 1375473044611.98 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:33 on Thu 1 Aug to 22:03 on Fri 2 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z → 2013-08-02T13:02:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:50 on the 2nd and 04:51 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24484 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 2 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:33 on Thu 1 Aug to 22:03 on Fri 2 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T00:33:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z", "ms": 1375544024919.036 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-05T02:56:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T00:33:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z", "ms": 1375544024919.036 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-05T02:56:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-03T18:43:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T09:43:36Z", "ms": 1375523015621.0168 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-03T20:04:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T11:04:39Z", "ms": 1375527879049.8137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T18:42:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T09:42:38Z", "ms": 1375609358327.332 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-04T20:03:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T11:03:56Z", "ms": 1375614235641.3032 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:34 on Sun 4 Aug to 02:56 on Mon 5 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z → 2013-08-04T17:56:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:05 on the 3rd, 18:43–20:04 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 81 minutes on the 3rd and 81 of 81 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 4 August. Trayodaśī runs from 00:34 on Sun 4 Aug to 02:56 on Mon 5 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-08-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9878, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-05T02:56:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T05:03:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T20:03:03Z", "ms": 1375732982900.3413 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-05T02:56:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T05:03:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T20:03:03Z", "ms": 1375732982900.3413 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T23:23:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T14:23:28Z", "ms": 1375626208254.7244 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-05T00:11:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T15:11:28Z", "ms": 1375629088254.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-05T23:23:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T14:23:22Z", "ms": 1375712602433.3262 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T00:11:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T15:11:22Z", "ms": 1375715482433.3262 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Mon 5 Aug to 05:03 on Tue 6 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z → 2013-08-05T20:03:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:23–00:11 on the 4th, 23:23–00:11 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9878 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Monday 5 August. Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Mon 5 Aug to 05:03 on Tue 6 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-08-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T09:21:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z", "ms": 1376007710573.3984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T10:03:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T09:21:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z", "ms": 1376007710573.3984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T10:03:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T11:22:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T02:22:30Z", "ms": 1376014949636.0242 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-09T12:10:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T03:10:30Z", "ms": 1376017829636.0242 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T11:22:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T02:22:21Z", "ms": 1376101340849.2305 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T12:10:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T03:10:21Z", "ms": 1376104220849.2305 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:22 on Fri 9 Aug to 10:04 on Sat 10 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z → 2013-08-10T01:03:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 9th, 11:22–12:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 2013 falls on Friday 9 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:22 on Fri 9 Aug to 10:04 on Sat 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-08-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T10:03:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T10:22:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T10:03:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T10:22:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T11:22:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T02:22:21Z", "ms": 1376101340849.2305 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T12:10:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T03:10:21Z", "ms": 1376104220849.2305 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T11:22:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T02:22:11Z", "ms": 1376187731485.3818 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T12:10:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T03:10:11Z", "ms": 1376190611485.3818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 10:23 on Sun 11 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z → 2013-08-11T01:22:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 10th, 11:22–12:10 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 10 August. Caturthī runs from 10:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 10:23 on Sun 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T10:22:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T10:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T01:15:52Z", "ms": 1376270152371.0354 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T10:22:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T10:15:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T01:15:52Z", "ms": 1376270152371.0354 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T11:22:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T02:22:11Z", "ms": 1376187731485.3818 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T12:10:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T03:10:11Z", "ms": 1376190611485.3818 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-12T11:22:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T02:22:02Z", "ms": 1376274121548.519 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T12:10:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T03:10:02Z", "ms": 1376277001548.519 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:23 on Sun 11 Aug to 10:16 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z → 2013-08-12T01:15:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 11th, 11:22–12:10 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Nāga Pañcamī 2013 falls on Sunday 11 August. Pañcamī runs from 10:23 on Sun 11 Aug to 10:16 on Mon 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T02:31:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z", "ms": 1376674316052.0337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T23:38:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T02:31:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z", "ms": 1376674316052.0337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T23:38:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T05:01:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T20:01:42Z", "ms": 1376683302241.2395 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T05:01:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T20:01:42Z", "ms": 1376683302241.2395 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T05:02:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T20:02:29Z", "ms": 1376769748934.52 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T05:02:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T20:02:29Z", "ms": 1376769748934.52 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:32 on Sat 17 Aug to 23:38 on Sat 17 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z → 2013-08-17T14:38:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:02 on the 17th and 05:02 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Putradā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 17 August. Ekādaśī runs from 02:32 on Sat 17 Aug to 23:38 on Sat 17 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T23:38:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T20:28:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T23:38:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T20:28:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T11:21:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T02:21:03Z", "ms": 1376706063492.6926 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T12:09:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T03:09:03Z", "ms": 1376708943492.6926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T11:20:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T02:20:50Z", "ms": 1376792450271.5894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T12:08:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T03:08:50Z", "ms": 1376795330271.5894 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:38 on Sat 17 Aug to 20:28 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z → 2013-08-18T11:28:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 17th, 11:21–12:09 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 18 August. Dvādaśī runs from 23:38 on Sat 17 Aug to 20:28 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T20:28:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T17:09:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1376899784384.859 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T20:28:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T17:09:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1376899784384.859 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T18:27:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T09:27:12Z", "ms": 1376818031608.6587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T19:52:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T10:52:00Z", "ms": 1376823120132.584 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-19T18:25:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T09:25:58Z", "ms": 1376904357547.0444 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T19:51:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T10:51:02Z", "ms": 1376909462147.6216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:28 on Sun 18 Aug to 17:10 on Mon 19 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z → 2013-08-19T08:09:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–19:52 on the 18th, 18:26–19:51 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 85 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 18 August. Trayodaśī runs from 20:28 on Sun 18 Aug to 17:10 on Mon 19 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 17314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T13:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T10:44:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T00:16:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T15:16:14Z", "ms": 1377011774100.9443 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T10:44:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T05:04:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T20:04:02Z", "ms": 1376942642051.3728 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:04:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T20:04:48Z", "ms": 1377029088475.88 } }, "covered_min": 289, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:04:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T20:04:48Z", "ms": 1377029088475.88 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-22T05:05:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T20:05:35Z", "ms": 1377115534814.7083 } }, "covered_min": 340, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 10:45 on Wed 21 Aug. Its second half begins at 00:16 on Wed 21 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z → 2013-08-21T01:44:37Z · second half from 2013-08-20T15:16:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:04 on the 20th, and from 05:05 on the 21st.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 289 of 1441 minutes on the 20th and 340 of 1441 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 17314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2013 falls on Wednesday 21 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 00:16 on Wed 21 Aug to 10:45 on Wed 21 Aug and falls on two days: 340 minutes of it on the 21st, 289 on the 20th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T13:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T10:44:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T13:51:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T10:44:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T11:20:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T02:20:22Z", "ms": 1376965222321.039 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-20T12:08:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T03:08:22Z", "ms": 1376968102321.039 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T11:20:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T02:20:08Z", "ms": 1377051607623.607 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T12:08:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T03:08:08Z", "ms": 1377054487623.607 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 10:45 on Wed 21 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z → 2013-08-21T01:44:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 20th, 11:20–12:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 2131 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2013 falls on Wednesday 21 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 10:45 on Wed 21 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39094, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T07:58:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z", "ms": 1377125902757.413 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T05:42:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T07:58:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z", "ms": 1377125902757.413 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T05:42:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T18:13:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T09:13:59Z", "ms": 1377076439418.0166 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T18:13:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T09:13:59Z", "ms": 1377076439418.0166 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T18:51:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T09:51:24Z", "ms": 1377165084255.7827 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-22T18:51:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T09:51:24Z", "ms": 1377165084255.7827 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:58 on Thu 22 Aug to 05:43 on Fri 23 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z → 2013-08-22T20:42:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:14 on the 21st and 18:51 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39094 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 22 August. Dvitīyā runs from 07:58 on Thu 22 Aug to 05:43 on Fri 23 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T05:42:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T05:42:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T11:19:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T02:19:37Z", "ms": 1377224376871.14 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T12:07:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T03:07:37Z", "ms": 1377227256871.14 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T11:19:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T02:19:21Z", "ms": 1377310760851.6187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T12:07:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T03:07:21Z", "ms": 1377313640851.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:43 on Fri 23 Aug to 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z → 2013-08-23T19:07:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 23rd, 11:19–12:07 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2013 falls on Friday 23 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:43 on Fri 23 Aug to 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-25T03:17:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-25T03:17:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T15:41:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T06:41:58Z", "ms": 1377240118350.771 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T18:20:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T09:20:53Z", "ms": 1377249652670.5251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T15:41:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T06:41:05Z", "ms": 1377326465011.9739 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T18:19:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T09:19:34Z", "ms": 1377335974452.2107 } }, "covered_min": 158, "window_min": 158, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug to 03:17 on Sun 25 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z → 2013-08-24T18:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:42–18:21 on the 23rd, 15:41–18:20 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 159 minutes on the 23rd and 158 of 158 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Bahulā Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug to 03:17 on Sun 25 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-08-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26049, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-25T03:17:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T04:07:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-25T03:17:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T19:27:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T10:27:23Z", "ms": 1377253642714.187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T19:27:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T10:27:23Z", "ms": 1377253642714.187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T20:03:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T11:03:04Z", "ms": 1377342183814.2393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T20:03:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T11:03:04Z", "ms": 1377342183814.2393 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug to 03:17 on Sun 25 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z → 2013-08-24T18:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:27 on the 23rd and 20:03 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26049 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 04:07 on Sat 24 Aug to 03:17 on Sun 25 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-08-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26013, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T03:16:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z", "ms": 1377454607466.393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-27T04:04:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T03:16:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z", "ms": 1377454607466.393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-27T04:04:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T11:18:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T02:18:48Z", "ms": 1377483527612.5981 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-26T12:06:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T03:06:48Z", "ms": 1377486407612.5981 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T11:18:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T02:18:30Z", "ms": 1377569910426.25 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-27T12:06:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T03:06:30Z", "ms": 1377572790426.25 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:17 on Mon 26 Aug to 04:05 on Tue 27 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z → 2013-08-26T19:04:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 26th, 11:19–12:07 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26013 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Monday 26 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:17 on Mon 26 Aug to 04:05 on Tue 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20522, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T04:04:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T05:36:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T04:04:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T05:36:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T11:18:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T02:18:30Z", "ms": 1377569910426.25 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-27T12:06:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T03:06:30Z", "ms": 1377572790426.25 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T11:18:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T02:18:13Z", "ms": 1377656292883.3418 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T12:06:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T03:06:13Z", "ms": 1377659172883.3418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:05 on Tue 27 Aug to 05:36 on Wed 28 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z → 2013-08-27T20:36:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 27th, 11:18–12:06 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20522 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śītalā Saptamī 2013 falls on Tuesday 27 August. Saptamī runs from 04:05 on Tue 27 Aug to 05:36 on Wed 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19758, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T05:36:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T07:40:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T22:40:26Z", "ms": 1377729625864.2354 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T05:36:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T07:40:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T22:40:26Z", "ms": 1377729625864.2354 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T23:18:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T14:18:53Z", "ms": 1377613133375.9878 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T00:06:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T15:06:53Z", "ms": 1377616013375.9878 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T23:18:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T14:18:36Z", "ms": 1377699515801.0337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T00:06:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T15:06:36Z", "ms": 1377702395801.0337 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:36 on Wed 28 Aug to 07:40 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z → 2013-08-28T22:40:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:19–00:07 on the 27th, 23:19–00:07 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19758 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Janmāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Wednesday 28 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:36 on Wed 28 Aug to 07:40 on Thu 29 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26498, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T12:34:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z", "ms": 1377920046141.4187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T14:56:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T05:56:04Z", "ms": 1378014964448.9822 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T12:34:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z", "ms": 1377920046141.4187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T14:56:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T05:56:04Z", "ms": 1378014964448.9822 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T05:12:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-30T20:12:29Z", "ms": 1377893548577.7234 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-31T05:12:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-30T20:12:29Z", "ms": 1377893548577.7234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-01T05:13:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T20:13:14Z", "ms": 1377979994233.7356 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T05:13:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T20:13:14Z", "ms": 1377979994233.7356 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 31 Aug to 14:56 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z → 2013-09-01T05:56:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:12 on the 31st and 05:13 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26498 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ajā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 1 September. Ekādaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 31 Aug to 14:56 on Sun 1 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T17:00:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z", "ms": 1378108809686.509 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T17:00:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z", "ms": 1378108809686.509 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T18:07:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T09:07:21Z", "ms": 1378112840884.084 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-02T19:36:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T10:36:20Z", "ms": 1378118180150.7349 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:05:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:05:57Z", "ms": 1378199156613.561 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T19:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T10:35:13Z", "ms": 1378204513182.8384 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:00 on Mon 2 Sep to 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z → 2013-09-03T09:39:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:36 on the 2nd, 18:06–19:35 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 2nd and 34 of 89 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 2 September. Trayodaśī runs from 17:00 on Mon 2 Sep to 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 34 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-09-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12271, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T19:51:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T19:51:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T23:16:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T14:16:44Z", "ms": 1378217803748.3506 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T00:04:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T15:04:44Z", "ms": 1378220683748.3506 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-04T23:16:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T14:16:24Z", "ms": 1378304184113.2026 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-05T00:04:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T15:04:24Z", "ms": 1378307064113.2026 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z → 2013-09-04T10:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:17–00:05 on the 3rd, 23:16–00:04 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12271 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Tuesday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-09-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T19:51:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:39:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T19:51:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T18:05:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:05:57Z", "ms": 1378199156613.561 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T19:35:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T10:35:13Z", "ms": 1378204513182.8384 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-04T18:04:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T09:04:32Z", "ms": 1378285471890.9277 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T19:34:06+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:34:06Z", "ms": 1378290845816.8677 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z → 2013-09-04T10:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:35 on the 3rd, 18:05–19:34 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 55 of 89 minutes on the 3rd and 90 of 90 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Aghora Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 4 September. Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 55 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T20:36:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z", "ms": 1378380968436.1025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T20:53:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T11:53:59Z", "ms": 1378468438876.5725 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T20:36:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z", "ms": 1378380968436.1025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T20:53:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T11:53:59Z", "ms": 1378468438876.5725 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T11:15:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T02:15:42Z", "ms": 1378347341538.9119 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-05T12:03:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T03:03:42Z", "ms": 1378350221538.9119 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-06T11:15:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T02:15:21Z", "ms": 1378433721468.8357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T12:03:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T03:03:21Z", "ms": 1378436601468.8357 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:36 on Thu 5 Sep to 20:54 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z → 2013-09-06T11:53:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:16–12:04 on the 5th, 11:15–12:03 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rudra Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 6 September. Pratipadā runs from 20:36 on Thu 5 Sep to 20:54 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29775, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T20:47:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z", "ms": 1378554452496.3186 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T20:18:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T20:47:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z", "ms": 1378554452496.3186 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T20:18:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T11:15:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T02:15:01Z", "ms": 1378520101191.2422 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-07T12:03:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T03:03:01Z", "ms": 1378522981191.2422 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T11:14:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T02:14:41Z", "ms": 1378606480720.6948 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T12:02:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T03:02:41Z", "ms": 1378609360720.6948 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Sat 7 Sep to 20:19 on Sun 8 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z → 2013-09-08T11:18:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 7th, 11:15–12:03 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29775 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2013 falls on Sunday 8 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Sat 7 Sep to 20:19 on Sun 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26848, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T20:18:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T19:29:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T20:18:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T19:29:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T11:14:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T02:14:41Z", "ms": 1378606480720.6948 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T12:02:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T03:02:41Z", "ms": 1378609360720.6948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T11:14:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T02:14:20Z", "ms": 1378692860072.0437 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T12:02:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T03:02:20Z", "ms": 1378695740072.0437 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:19 on Sun 8 Sep to 19:30 on Mon 9 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z → 2013-09-09T10:29:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 8th, 11:14–12:02 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26848 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2013 falls on Monday 9 September. Caturthī runs from 20:19 on Sun 8 Sep to 19:30 on Mon 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22750, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T19:29:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T18:21:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T19:29:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T18:21:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T11:14:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T02:14:20Z", "ms": 1378692860072.0437 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T12:02:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T03:02:20Z", "ms": 1378695740072.0437 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T11:13:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T02:13:59Z", "ms": 1378779239260.603 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T12:01:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T03:01:59Z", "ms": 1378782119260.603 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:30 on Mon 9 Sep to 18:21 on Tue 10 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z → 2013-09-10T09:21:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 9th, 11:14–12:02 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 22750 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2013 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Pañcamī runs from 19:30 on Mon 9 Sep to 18:21 on Tue 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T18:21:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T16:53:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T18:21:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T16:53:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T11:13:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T02:13:59Z", "ms": 1378779239260.603 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T12:01:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T03:01:59Z", "ms": 1378782119260.603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:13:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T02:13:38Z", "ms": 1378865618302.3225 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T12:01:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T03:01:38Z", "ms": 1378868498302.3225 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:21 on Tue 10 Sep to 16:54 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z → 2013-09-11T07:53:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 10th, 11:14–12:02 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2013 falls on Wednesday 11 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:21 on Tue 10 Sep to 16:54 on Wed 11 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11194, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T16:53:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T15:07:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T16:53:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T15:07:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:13:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T02:13:38Z", "ms": 1378865618302.3225 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T12:01:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T03:01:38Z", "ms": 1378868498302.3225 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T11:13:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T02:13:17Z", "ms": 1378951997213.9995 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T12:01:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T03:01:17Z", "ms": 1378954877213.9995 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:54 on Wed 11 Sep to 15:08 on Thu 12 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z → 2013-09-12T06:07:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 11th, 11:13–12:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11194 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 12 September. Saptamī runs from 16:54 on Wed 11 Sep to 15:08 on Thu 12 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3836, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T15:07:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T13:04:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T04:04:52Z", "ms": 1379045092067.7493 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T15:07:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T13:04:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T04:04:52Z", "ms": 1379045092067.7493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T11:13:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T02:13:17Z", "ms": 1378951997213.9995 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T12:01:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T03:01:17Z", "ms": 1378954877213.9995 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-13T11:12:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T02:12:56Z", "ms": 1379038376013.455 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T12:00:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T03:00:56Z", "ms": 1379041256013.455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 13:05 on Fri 13 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z → 2013-09-13T04:04:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:13–12:01 on the 12th, 11:13–12:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3836 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rādhāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Friday 13 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 13:05 on Fri 13 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 892, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1379200600960.0059 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:39:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T08:16:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1379200600960.0059 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:39:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T05:23:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T20:23:49Z", "ms": 1379190229195.5452 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-15T05:23:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T20:23:49Z", "ms": 1379190229195.5452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:24:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:24:34Z", "ms": 1379276674461.9949 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:24:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:24:34Z", "ms": 1379276674461.9949 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 05:39 on Mon 16 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z → 2013-09-15T20:39:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:24 on the 15th and 05:25 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 892 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 16 September. Ekādaśī runs from 08:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 05:39 on Mon 16 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19945, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:39:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T03:01:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T05:39:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T03:01:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T11:11:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T02:11:52Z", "ms": 1379297511933.4734 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T11:59:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T02:59:52Z", "ms": 1379300391933.4734 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T11:11:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T02:11:30Z", "ms": 1379383890485.1904 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T11:59:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T02:59:30Z", "ms": 1379386770485.1904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:39 on Mon 16 Sep to 03:01 on Tue 17 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z → 2013-09-16T18:01:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:12–12:00 on the 16th, 11:12–12:00 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19945 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vāmana Jayantī 2013 falls on Monday 16 September. Dvādaśī runs from 05:39 on Mon 16 Sep to 03:01 on Tue 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T03:01:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T00:28:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T03:01:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T00:28:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T17:47:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T08:47:09Z", "ms": 1379321229404.952 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T19:20:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T10:20:15Z", "ms": 1379326814786.7915 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T17:45:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T08:45:41Z", "ms": 1379407541201.6316 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:19:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T10:19:04Z", "ms": 1379413144392.2512 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:01 on Tue 17 Sep to 00:28 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z → 2013-09-17T15:28:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:20 on the 16th, 17:46–19:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 16th and 93 of 93 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Tuesday 17 September. Trayodaśī runs from 03:01 on Tue 17 Sep to 00:28 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17857, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-18T00:28:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T22:09:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T13:09:42Z", "ms": 1379509782407.729 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-18T00:28:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T22:09:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T13:09:42Z", "ms": 1379509782407.729 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-18T05:26:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T20:26:05Z", "ms": 1379449565131.2793 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T07:53:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T22:53:43Z", "ms": 1379458422691.2363 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-19T05:26:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T20:26:51Z", "ms": 1379536010566.721 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-19T07:54:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T22:54:01Z", "ms": 1379544841378.3235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Wed 18 Sep to 22:10 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z → 2013-09-18T13:09:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:26–07:54 on the 18th, 05:27–07:54 on the 19th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 148 of 148 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 147 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17857 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ananta Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 18 September. Caturdaśī runs from 00:28 on Wed 18 Sep to 22:10 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-09-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5207, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T17:45:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z", "ms": 1379839555397.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T18:20:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T09:20:02Z", "ms": 1379928002472.5393 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T17:45:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z", "ms": 1379839555397.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T18:20:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T09:20:02Z", "ms": 1379928002472.5393 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T19:12:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T10:12:42Z", "ms": 1379844762088.3662 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-22T19:12:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T10:12:42Z", "ms": 1379844762088.3662 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-23T19:52:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T10:52:46Z", "ms": 1379933566462.6917 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T19:52:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T10:52:46Z", "ms": 1379933566462.6917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:46 on Sun 22 Sep to 18:20 on Mon 23 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z → 2013-09-23T09:20:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:13 on the 22nd and 19:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5207 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 17:46 on Sun 22 Sep to 18:20 on Mon 23 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T19:35:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z", "ms": 1380018937367.9 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T21:26:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:26:29Z", "ms": 1380111988769.1836 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T19:35:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z", "ms": 1380018937367.9 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T21:26:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:26:29Z", "ms": 1380111988769.1836 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T20:35:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T11:35:29Z", "ms": 1380022528691.1873 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-24T20:35:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T11:35:29Z", "ms": 1380022528691.1873 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-25T21:21:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:21:01Z", "ms": 1380111661062.9272 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T21:21:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:21:01Z", "ms": 1380111661062.9272 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:36 on Tue 24 Sep to 21:26 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z → 2013-09-25T12:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:35 on the 24th and 21:21 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Tuesday 24 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 19:36 on Tue 24 Sep to 21:26 on Wed 25 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16426, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-28T02:09:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-28T02:09:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T17:32:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T08:32:28Z", "ms": 1380184348123.7407 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-26T19:08:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T10:08:32Z", "ms": 1380190112201.6287 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-27T17:31:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T08:31:01Z", "ms": 1380270660658.065 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T19:07:23+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T10:07:23Z", "ms": 1380276442641.093 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 02:10 on Sat 28 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z → 2013-09-27T17:09:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:32–19:09 on the 26th, 17:31–19:07 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 26th and 96 of 96 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16426 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2013 falls on Friday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 02:10 on Sat 28 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5580, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-28T02:09:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-28T02:09:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T22:09:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T13:09:18Z", "ms": 1380200958257.847 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-26T22:09:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T13:09:18Z", "ms": 1380200958257.847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-27T23:00:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T14:00:01Z", "ms": 1380290400730.6177 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T23:00:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T14:00:01Z", "ms": 1380290400730.6177 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 02:10 on Sat 28 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z → 2013-09-27T17:09:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:09 on the 26th and 23:00 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5580 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2013 falls on Friday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 02:10 on Sat 28 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T06:43:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1380490990502.3345 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T08:25:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T23:25:28Z", "ms": 1380583528100.6072 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T06:43:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1380490990502.3345 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T08:25:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T23:25:28Z", "ms": 1380583528100.6072 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T05:35:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T20:35:20Z", "ms": 1380486919849.3901 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-30T05:35:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T20:35:20Z", "ms": 1380486919849.3901 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-01T05:36:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T20:36:07Z", "ms": 1380573367365.4595 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T05:36:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T20:36:07Z", "ms": 1380573367365.4595 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:43 on Mon 30 Sep to 08:25 on Tue 1 Oct.", "fact": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z → 2013-09-30T23:25:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:35 on the 30th and 05:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Indirā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 1 October. Ekādaśī runs from 06:43 on Mon 30 Sep to 08:25 on Tue 1 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26021, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T09:34:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z", "ms": 1380674090799.475 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T10:08:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T09:34:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z", "ms": 1380674090799.475 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T10:08:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T17:23:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T08:23:48Z", "ms": 1380702227541.7837 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-02T19:01:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T10:01:39Z", "ms": 1380708098957.1208 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T17:22:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T08:22:22Z", "ms": 1380788541961.9583 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T19:00:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T10:00:31Z", "ms": 1380794431226.6685 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:35 on Wed 2 Oct to 10:09 on Thu 3 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z → 2013-10-03T01:08:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:24–19:02 on the 2nd, 17:22–19:01 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 98 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26021 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 2 October. Trayodaśī runs from 09:35 on Wed 2 Oct to 10:09 on Thu 3 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-10-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36789, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T10:08:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T10:07:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T10:08:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T10:07:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T23:06:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T14:06:45Z", "ms": 1380722805349.2976 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-02T23:54:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T14:54:45Z", "ms": 1380725685349.2976 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T23:06:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T14:06:27Z", "ms": 1380809186704.621 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T23:54:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T14:54:27Z", "ms": 1380812066704.621 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:09 on Thu 3 Oct to 10:08 on Fri 4 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z → 2013-10-04T01:07:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:07–23:55 on the 2nd, 23:06–23:54 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36789 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 3 October. Caturdaśī runs from 10:09 on Thu 3 Oct to 10:08 on Fri 4 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-10-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T10:07:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T09:34:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T10:07:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T09:34:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T12:39:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T03:39:59Z", "ms": 1380857998655.8179 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T15:00:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T06:00:28Z", "ms": 1380866427725.329 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T12:39:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T03:39:27Z", "ms": 1380944367244.3171 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T14:59:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T05:59:30Z", "ms": 1380952769655.8293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:08 on Fri 4 Oct to 09:35 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z → 2013-10-05T00:34:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 12:40–15:00 on the 4th, 12:39–14:59 on the 5th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 140 of 140 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 140 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 2013 falls on Friday 4 October. Amāvasyā runs from 10:08 on Fri 4 Oct to 09:35 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5455, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T09:34:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T08:33:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T23:33:48Z", "ms": 1381016027857.5525 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T09:34:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T08:33:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T23:33:48Z", "ms": 1381016027857.5525 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T11:05:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T02:05:26Z", "ms": 1380938726038.561 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T11:53:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T02:53:26Z", "ms": 1380941606038.561 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-06T11:05:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-06T02:05:08Z", "ms": 1381025108327.9395 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T11:53:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-06T02:53:08Z", "ms": 1381027988327.9395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 09:35 on Sat 5 Oct to 08:34 on Sun 6 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z → 2013-10-05T23:33:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:05–11:53 on the 5th, 11:05–11:53 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5455 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2013 falls on Saturday 5 October. Pratipadā runs from 09:35 on Sat 5 Oct to 08:34 on Sun 6 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-10-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T05:28:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z", "ms": 1381177738146.0925 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-09T03:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T18:34:19Z", "ms": 1381257259418.2405 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T05:28:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z", "ms": 1381177738146.0925 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-09T03:34:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T18:34:19Z", "ms": 1381257259418.2405 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T11:04:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T02:04:34Z", "ms": 1381197874084.6055 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-08T11:52:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T02:52:34Z", "ms": 1381200754084.6055 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-09T11:04:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-09T02:04:18Z", "ms": 1381284257582.7954 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-09T11:52:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-09T02:52:18Z", "ms": 1381287137582.7954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:29 on Tue 8 Oct to 03:34 on Wed 9 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z → 2013-10-08T18:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:05–11:53 on the 8th, 11:04–11:52 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 05:29 on Tue 8 Oct to 03:34 on Wed 9 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23012, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-10T23:20:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z", "ms": 1381414845555.1091 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T21:08:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-10T23:20:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z", "ms": 1381414845555.1091 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T21:08:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T05:44:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T20:44:17Z", "ms": 1381437857365.5217 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T06:30:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T21:30:05Z", "ms": 1381440605169.9075 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T05:45:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T20:45:08Z", "ms": 1381524307960.068 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T06:30:47+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T21:30:47Z", "ms": 1381527046998.671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:21 on Thu 10 Oct to 21:08 on Fri 11 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z → 2013-10-11T12:08:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:44–06:30 on the 11th, 05:45–06:31 on the 12th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 46 of 46 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 46 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23012 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Durgā Saptamī 2013 falls on Friday 11 October. Saptamī runs from 23:21 on Thu 10 Oct to 21:08 on Fri 11 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25504, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T21:08:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T18:56:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T21:08:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T18:56:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T11:03:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T02:03:46Z", "ms": 1381457025898.414 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T11:51:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T02:51:46Z", "ms": 1381459905898.414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T11:03:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T02:03:31Z", "ms": 1381543410749.589 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1381546290749.589 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:08 on Fri 11 Oct to 18:57 on Sat 12 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z → 2013-10-12T09:56:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:04–11:52 on the 11th, 11:04–11:52 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25504 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2013 falls on Saturday 12 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:08 on Fri 11 Oct to 18:57 on Sat 12 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T18:56:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T16:48:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T18:56:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T16:48:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T11:03:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T02:03:31Z", "ms": 1381543410749.589 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1381546290749.589 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:03:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T02:03:16Z", "ms": 1381629796086.9468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:51:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T02:51:16Z", "ms": 1381632676086.9468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 18:57 on Sat 12 Oct to 16:48 on Sun 13 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z → 2013-10-13T07:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:04–11:52 on the 12th, 11:03–11:51 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mahānavamī 2013 falls on Sunday 13 October. Navamī runs from 18:57 on Sat 12 Oct to 16:48 on Sun 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1232, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T16:48:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T14:46:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T16:48:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T08:31:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T23:31:11Z", "ms": 1381707070864.2646 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T09:51:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T00:51:46Z", "ms": 1381625505709.071 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T08:31:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T23:31:11Z", "ms": 1381707070864.2646 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T05:45:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T20:45:59Z", "ms": 1381610758862.992 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T17:08:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T08:08:33Z", "ms": 1381651713310.9016 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 683, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T05:46:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T20:46:50Z", "ms": 1381697210080.6902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T17:07:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T08:07:14Z", "ms": 1381738033778.4792 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 680, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 16:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 14:46 on Mon 14 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 09:52 on Sun 13 Oct to 08:31 on Mon 14 Oct. They are together from 16:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 08:31 on Mon 14 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z → 2013-10-13T23:31:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 05:46–17:09 on the 13th, 05:47–17:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 21 of 683 minutes on the 13th and 164 of 680 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1232 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2013 falls on Monday 14 October. Daśamī runs from 16:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 14:46 on Mon 14 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 164 minutes. They are together in the day time on the previous day too, for 21 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the day they share longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T14:46:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T12:54:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T03:54:24Z", "ms": 1381809263657.8245 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T14:46:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T12:54:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T03:54:24Z", "ms": 1381809263657.8245 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T05:46:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T20:46:50Z", "ms": 1381697210080.6902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T05:46:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T20:46:50Z", "ms": 1381697210080.6902 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-15T05:47:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T20:47:42Z", "ms": 1381783661620.447 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T05:47:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T20:47:42Z", "ms": 1381783661620.447 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Mon 14 Oct to 12:54 on Tue 15 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z → 2013-10-15T03:54:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:47 on the 14th and 05:48 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 15 October. Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Mon 14 Oct to 12:54 on Tue 15 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20848, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T11:17:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z", "ms": 1381889829386.2327 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-17T09:58:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T00:58:52Z", "ms": 1381971531911.342 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T11:17:09+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z", "ms": 1381889829386.2327 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-17T09:58:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T00:58:52Z", "ms": 1381971531911.342 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T17:04:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T08:04:37Z", "ms": 1381910676932.0657 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-16T18:46:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T09:46:35Z", "ms": 1381916795434.2554 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-17T17:03:20+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T08:03:20Z", "ms": 1381996999685.148 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-17T18:45:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T09:45:35Z", "ms": 1382003135494.2622 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:17 on Wed 16 Oct to 09:59 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z → 2013-10-17T00:58:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:05–18:47 on the 16th, 17:03–18:46 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 102 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20848 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:17 on Wed 16 Oct to 09:59 on Thu 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27556, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T10:36:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T12:21:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T10:36:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T12:21:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T19:13:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T10:13:37Z", "ms": 1382436817431.3494 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-22T19:13:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T10:13:37Z", "ms": 1382436817431.3494 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-23T20:01:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T11:01:13Z", "ms": 1382526073060.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T20:01:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T11:01:13Z", "ms": 1382526073060.1924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 12:22 on Wed 23 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z → 2013-10-23T03:21:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:14 on the 22nd and 20:01 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27556 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 10:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 12:22 on Wed 23 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-10-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27556, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T10:36:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T12:21:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T10:36:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T12:21:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T19:13:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T10:13:37Z", "ms": 1382436817431.3494 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-22T19:13:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T10:13:37Z", "ms": 1382436817431.3494 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-23T20:01:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T11:01:13Z", "ms": 1382526073060.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T20:01:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T11:01:13Z", "ms": 1382526073060.1924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 12:22 on Wed 23 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z → 2013-10-23T03:21:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:14 on the 22nd and 20:01 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27556 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 10:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 12:22 on Wed 23 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-10-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T19:28:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z", "ms": 1382783325295.811 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-27T21:47:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T12:47:56Z", "ms": 1382878075527.8862 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T19:28:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z", "ms": 1382783325295.811 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-27T21:47:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T12:47:56Z", "ms": 1382878075527.8862 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T22:36:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T13:36:32Z", "ms": 1382794591707.7566 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-26T22:36:32+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T13:36:32Z", "ms": 1382794591707.7566 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-27T23:30:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T14:30:58Z", "ms": 1382884257796.9783 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-27T23:30:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T14:30:58Z", "ms": 1382884257796.9783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:29 on Sat 26 Oct to 21:48 on Sun 27 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z → 2013-10-27T12:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:37 on the 26th and 23:31 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 2013 falls on Saturday 26 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:29 on Sat 26 Oct to 21:48 on Sun 27 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T01:06:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z", "ms": 1383062764122.8608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T01:48:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T01:06:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z", "ms": 1383062764122.8608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T01:48:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T06:01:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T21:01:17Z", "ms": 1383080477460.0237 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T06:01:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T21:01:17Z", "ms": 1383080477460.0237 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T06:02:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T21:02:15Z", "ms": 1383166934718.0537 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T06:02:15+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T21:02:15Z", "ms": 1383166934718.0537 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:06 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:48 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z → 2013-10-30T16:48:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:01 on the 30th and 06:02 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Ramā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Ekādaśī runs from 01:06 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:48 on Thu 31 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26032, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T01:48:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T01:48:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T16:48:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T07:48:03Z", "ms": 1383119283456.9592 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T18:33:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T09:33:57Z", "ms": 1383125636958.4385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T16:47:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T07:47:01Z", "ms": 1383205620919.371 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T18:33:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T09:33:10Z", "ms": 1383211990436.1782 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:48 on Thu 31 Oct to 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov.", "fact": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z → 2013-10-31T16:47:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:48–18:34 on the 30th, 16:47–18:33 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 30th and 106 of 106 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2013 falls on Thursday 31 October. Dvādaśī runs from 01:48 on Thu 31 Oct to 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T16:47:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T07:47:01Z", "ms": 1383205620919.371 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T18:33:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T09:33:10Z", "ms": 1383211990436.1782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T16:46:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T07:46:00Z", "ms": 1383291959675.6062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T18:32:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T09:32:25Z", "ms": 1383298345075.7805 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov to 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z → 2013-11-01T16:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:47–18:33 on the 31st, 16:46–18:32 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 31st and 106 of 106 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Yama Dīpadāna 2013 falls on Friday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov to 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T01:47:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T16:47:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T07:47:01Z", "ms": 1383205620919.371 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T18:33:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T09:33:10Z", "ms": 1383211990436.1782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T16:46:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T07:46:00Z", "ms": 1383291959675.6062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T18:32:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T09:32:25Z", "ms": 1383298345075.7805 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov to 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z → 2013-11-01T16:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:47–18:33 on the 31st, 16:46–18:32 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 31st and 106 of 106 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 01:47 on Fri 1 Nov to 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T04:17:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T19:17:45Z", "ms": 1383333464776.74 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T06:04:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T21:04:10Z", "ms": 1383339850176.9143 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T04:18:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T19:18:27Z", "ms": 1383419907199.685 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T06:05:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T21:05:08Z", "ms": 1383426308345.085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov to 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z → 2013-11-02T14:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:18–06:04 on the 2nd, 04:18–06:05 on the 3rd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 107 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Caturdaśī runs from 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov to 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 357, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:01:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:01:04Z", "ms": 1383400864049.8354 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:49:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:49:04Z", "ms": 1383403744049.8354 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T23:01:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T14:01:04Z", "ms": 1383487263982.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T23:49:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T14:49:04Z", "ms": 1383490143982.2249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z → 2013-11-03T12:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:01–23:49 on the 2nd, 23:01–23:49 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 6 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 357 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kālī Pūjā 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Amāvasyā runs from 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov and covers 6 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-11-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 357, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:04:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T23:01:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T14:01:05Z", "ms": 1383314464926.2603 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T23:49:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T14:49:05Z", "ms": 1383317344926.2603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:01:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:01:04Z", "ms": 1383400864049.8354 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:49:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:49:04Z", "ms": 1383403744049.8354 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov to 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z → 2013-11-02T14:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:01–23:49 on the 1st, 23:01–23:49 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 42 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 357 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Caturdaśī runs from 01:04 on Sat 2 Nov to 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov and covers 42 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-11-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11939, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T23:43:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T16:45:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T07:45:00Z", "ms": 1383378299754.5862 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:31:41+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T09:31:41Z", "ms": 1383384700899.986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:44:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T07:44:01Z", "ms": 1383464641184.1313 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T18:30:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T09:30:58Z", "ms": 1383471057930.2896 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z → 2013-11-03T12:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:45–18:32 on the 2nd, 16:44–18:31 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 2nd and 107 of 107 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11939 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2013 falls on Sunday 3 November. Amāvasyā runs from 23:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27792, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T11:00:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T02:00:35Z", "ms": 1383444034764.6082 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T11:48:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T02:48:35Z", "ms": 1383446914764.6082 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T11:00:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T02:00:35Z", "ms": 1383530435385.7295 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T11:48:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T02:48:35Z", "ms": 1383533315385.7295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 3rd, 11:01–11:49 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27792 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Govardhana Pūjā 2013 falls on Monday 4 November. Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3691, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:44:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T07:44:01Z", "ms": 1383464641184.1313 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T18:30:58+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T09:30:58Z", "ms": 1383471057930.2896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T16:43:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T07:43:04Z", "ms": 1383550983991.1406 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T18:30:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T09:30:16Z", "ms": 1383557416187.1086 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:44–18:31 on the 3rd, 16:43–18:30 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 3rd and 107 of 107 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3691 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Bali Pūjā 2013 falls on Monday 4 November. Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29769, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T21:49:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T06:06:07+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T21:06:07Z", "ms": 1383512766780.3184 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T09:38:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T00:38:26Z", "ms": 1383525505850.5925 } }, "covered_min": 212, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-05T06:07:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T21:07:05Z", "ms": 1383599225460.9014 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T09:38:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T00:38:46Z", "ms": 1383611926374.5676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:06–09:38 on the 4th, 06:07–09:39 on the 5th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 212 of 212 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 212 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29769 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Dyūta Pratipad 2013 falls on Monday 4 November. Pratipadā runs from 21:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18464, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T16:56:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T07:56:21Z", "ms": 1383638181113.721 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:31:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T16:56:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T07:56:21Z", "ms": 1383638181113.721 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T11:00:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T02:00:35Z", "ms": 1383530435385.7295 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T11:48:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T02:48:35Z", "ms": 1383533315385.7295 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-05T11:00:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T02:00:37Z", "ms": 1383616836831.4006 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T11:48:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T02:48:37Z", "ms": 1383619716831.4006 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov to 16:56 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z → 2013-11-05T07:56:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 4th, 11:01–11:49 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18464 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2013 falls on Tuesday 5 November. Dvitīyā runs from 19:32 on Mon 4 Nov to 16:56 on Tue 5 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1434, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T14:11:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:24:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T14:11:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:24:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T11:00:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T02:00:39Z", "ms": 1383703239102.9165 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-06T11:48:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T02:48:39Z", "ms": 1383706119102.9165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:00:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:00:42Z", "ms": 1383789642201.0276 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:48:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:48:42Z", "ms": 1383792522201.0276 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 11:25 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z → 2013-11-07T02:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 6th, 11:01–11:49 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 24 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1434 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Nāga Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 7 November. Caturthī runs from 14:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 11:25 on Thu 7 Nov and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-11-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1434, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T14:11:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:24:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T14:11:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:24:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T11:00:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T02:00:39Z", "ms": 1383703239102.9165 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-06T11:48:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T02:48:39Z", "ms": 1383706119102.9165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:00:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:00:42Z", "ms": 1383789642201.0276 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T11:48:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:48:42Z", "ms": 1383792522201.0276 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 11:25 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z → 2013-11-07T02:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 6th, 11:01–11:49 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 24 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1434 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 7 November. Caturthī runs from 14:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 11:25 on Thu 7 Nov and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-11-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8282, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T08:42:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z", "ms": 1383867764162.4468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T06:11:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T21:11:56Z", "ms": 1383945115580.4114 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T08:42:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z", "ms": 1383867764162.4468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T06:11:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T21:11:56Z", "ms": 1383945115580.4114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T11:00:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T02:00:46Z", "ms": 1383876046126.3767 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-08T11:48:46+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T02:48:46Z", "ms": 1383878926126.3767 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-09T11:00:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T02:00:51Z", "ms": 1383962450879.8228 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T11:48:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T02:48:51Z", "ms": 1383965330879.8228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:43 on Fri 8 Nov to 06:12 on Sat 9 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z → 2013-11-08T21:11:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 8th, 11:01–11:49 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8282 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2013 falls on Friday 8 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:43 on Fri 8 Nov to 06:12 on Sat 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T03:57:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z", "ms": 1384023433358.016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T03:57:13+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z", "ms": 1384023433358.016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T11:00:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T02:00:56Z", "ms": 1384048856462.6045 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T11:48:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T02:48:56Z", "ms": 1384051736462.6045 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T11:01:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T02:01:03Z", "ms": 1384135262876.3398 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T11:49:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T02:49:03Z", "ms": 1384138142876.3398 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:57 on Sun 10 Nov to 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z → 2013-11-10T17:02:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 10th, 11:01–11:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Gopāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Sunday 10 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:57 on Sun 10 Nov to 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T00:30:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T00:30:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T06:13:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T21:13:01Z", "ms": 1384117981312.1726 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T09:41:02+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T00:41:02Z", "ms": 1384130462354.9507 } }, "covered_min": 208, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T06:14:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T21:14:01Z", "ms": 1384204441008.8757 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T09:41:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T00:41:27Z", "ms": 1384216887084.8943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 207, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:31 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z → 2013-11-11T15:30:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:13–09:41 on the 11th, 06:14–09:41 on the 12th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 208 of 208 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 207 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2013 falls on Monday 11 November. Navamī runs from 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:31 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T00:30:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T02:02:33+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T00:30:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T11:01:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T02:01:03Z", "ms": 1384135262876.3398 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T11:49:03+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T02:49:03Z", "ms": 1384138142876.3398 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T11:01:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T02:01:10Z", "ms": 1384221670122.9033 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T11:49:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T02:49:10Z", "ms": 1384224550122.9033 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:31 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z → 2013-11-11T15:30:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:01–11:49 on the 11th, 11:01–11:49 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Durgā Navamī 2013 falls on Monday 11 November. Navamī runs from 02:03 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:31 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T23:23:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z", "ms": 1384266201981.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T22:41:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T13:41:37Z", "ms": 1384350096540.4614 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T23:23:22+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z", "ms": 1384266201981.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T22:41:37+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T13:41:37Z", "ms": 1384350096540.4614 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-13T06:15:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T21:15:01Z", "ms": 1384290900748.3564 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T06:15:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T21:15:01Z", "ms": 1384290900748.3564 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T06:16:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T21:16:01Z", "ms": 1384377360504.942 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-14T06:16:01+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T21:16:01Z", "ms": 1384377360504.942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:23 on Tue 12 Nov to 22:42 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z → 2013-11-13T13:41:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:15 on the 13th and 06:16 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:23 on Tue 12 Nov to 22:42 on Wed 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14480, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T22:25:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z", "ms": 1384435551030.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T22:36:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T13:36:17Z", "ms": 1384522576792.8093 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T22:25:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z", "ms": 1384435551030.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T22:36:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T13:36:17Z", "ms": 1384522576792.8093 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T16:34:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T07:34:54Z", "ms": 1384414493739.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-14T18:24:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T09:24:31Z", "ms": 1384421070607.6768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-15T16:34:14+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T07:34:14Z", "ms": 1384500853503.379 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T18:24:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T09:24:04Z", "ms": 1384507443698.07 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:26 on Thu 14 Nov to 22:36 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z → 2013-11-15T13:36:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:35–18:25 on the 14th, 16:34–18:24 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 14th and 110 of 110 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14480 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 15 November. Trayodaśī runs from 22:26 on Thu 14 Nov to 22:36 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38788, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:12:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T00:15:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:12:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T00:15:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-17T11:01:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T02:01:59Z", "ms": 1384653718905.313 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T11:49:59+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T02:49:59Z", "ms": 1384656598905.313 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-18T11:02:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-18T02:02:11Z", "ms": 1384740131175.712 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T11:50:11+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-18T02:50:11Z", "ms": 1384743011175.712 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 00:16 on Mon 18 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z → 2013-11-17T15:15:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:02–11:50 on the 17th, 11:02–11:50 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38788 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Sunday 17 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 00:16 on Mon 18 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:12:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T00:15:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:12:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T00:15:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:02:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:02:17Z", "ms": 1384610537295.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-16T23:50:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:50:17Z", "ms": 1384613417295.8853 } }, "covered_min": 37, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-17T23:02:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T14:02:29Z", "ms": 1384696948681.5117 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T23:50:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T14:50:29Z", "ms": 1384699828681.5117 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 00:16 on Mon 18 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z → 2013-11-17T15:15:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:02–23:50 on the 16th, 23:02–23:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 37 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Rāsayātrā 2013 falls on Sunday 17 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 00:16 on Mon 18 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 37 minutes; by the rule the second night is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-11-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39912, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T05:48:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z", "ms": 1384980501481.9526 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-22T08:15:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T23:15:29Z", "ms": 1385075729088.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T05:48:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z", "ms": 1384980501481.9526 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-22T08:15:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T23:15:29Z", "ms": 1385075729088.9182 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-20T18:43:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T09:43:10Z", "ms": 1384940589868.6633 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-20T18:43:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T09:43:10Z", "ms": 1384940589868.6633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T19:34:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T10:34:34Z", "ms": 1385030074084.8467 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-21T19:34:34+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T10:34:34Z", "ms": 1385030074084.8467 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:48 on Thu 21 Nov to 08:15 on Fri 22 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z → 2013-11-21T23:15:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:43 on the 20th and 19:35 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39912 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Thursday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 21 November. Caturthī runs from 05:48 on Thu 21 Nov to 08:15 on Fri 22 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-11-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42223, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T18:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1385631737659.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T18:14:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T09:14:21Z", "ms": 1385716461316.6575 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T18:42:18+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1385631737659.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T18:14:21+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T09:14:21Z", "ms": 1385716461316.6575 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T06:29:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-27T21:29:42Z", "ms": 1385587781801.8606 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-28T06:29:42+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-27T21:29:42Z", "ms": 1385587781801.8606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-29T06:30:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T21:30:38Z", "ms": 1385674237893.2083 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T06:30:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T21:30:38Z", "ms": 1385674237893.2083 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:42 on Thu 28 Nov to 18:14 on Fri 29 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z → 2013-11-29T09:14:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:30 on the 28th and 06:31 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 42223 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 29 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:42 on Thu 28 Nov to 18:14 on Fri 29 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T16:58:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z", "ms": 1385798331865.1816 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T15:00:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T16:58:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z", "ms": 1385798331865.1816 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T15:00:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T16:27:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T07:27:49Z", "ms": 1385796469427.0444 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-30T18:20:27+09:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T09:20:27Z", "ms": 1385803226610.256 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T16:27:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T07:27:39Z", "ms": 1385882859329.2842 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T18:20:25+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T09:20:25Z", "ms": 1385889625087.5596 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:59 on Sat 30 Nov to 15:00 on Sun 1 Dec.", "fact": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z → 2013-12-01T06:00:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:28–18:20 on the 30th, 16:28–18:20 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 113 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 113 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 30 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:59 on Sat 30 Nov to 15:00 on Sun 1 Dec and covers 82 of 113 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T15:00:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T12:25:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T03:25:04Z", "ms": 1385954704182.3384 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T15:00:08+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T12:25:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T03:25:04Z", "ms": 1385954704182.3384 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T23:06:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T14:06:31Z", "ms": 1385906790922.8171 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T23:54:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T14:54:31Z", "ms": 1385909670922.8171 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-02T23:06:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T14:06:54Z", "ms": 1385993213616.003 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T23:54:54+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T14:54:54Z", "ms": 1385996093616.003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:00 on Sun 1 Dec to 12:25 on Mon 2 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z → 2013-12-02T03:25:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:07–23:55 on the 1st, 23:07–23:55 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Sunday 1 December. Caturdaśī runs from 15:00 on Sun 1 Dec to 12:25 on Mon 2 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-12-06", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28735, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T23:08:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z", "ms": 1386252484494.2476 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T19:55:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T23:08:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z", "ms": 1386252484494.2476 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T19:55:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T11:07:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T02:07:40Z", "ms": 1386209259733.374 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-05T11:55:40+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T02:55:40Z", "ms": 1386212139733.374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T11:08:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T02:08:05Z", "ms": 1386295685148.9487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T11:56:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T02:56:05Z", "ms": 1386298565148.9487 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:08 on Thu 5 Dec to 19:55 on Fri 6 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z → 2013-12-06T10:55:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:08–11:56 on the 5th, 11:08–11:56 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28735 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 6 December. Caturthī runs from 23:08 on Thu 5 Dec to 19:55 on Fri 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-12-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18405, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T19:55:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T19:55:00+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T11:08:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T02:08:05Z", "ms": 1386295685148.9487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T11:56:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T02:56:05Z", "ms": 1386298565148.9487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:08:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:08:31Z", "ms": 1386382111077.6936 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:56:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:56:31Z", "ms": 1386384991077.6936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:55 on Fri 6 Dec to 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z → 2013-12-07T08:03:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:08–11:56 on the 6th, 11:09–11:57 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18405 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2013 falls on Saturday 7 December. Pañcamī runs from 19:55 on Fri 6 Dec to 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9806, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:08:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:08:31Z", "ms": 1386382111077.6936 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:56:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:56:31Z", "ms": 1386384991077.6936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:08:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:08:57Z", "ms": 1386468537489.295 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:56:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:56:57Z", "ms": 1386471417489.295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z → 2013-12-08T05:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:09–11:57 on the 7th, 11:09–11:57 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9806 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Sunday 8 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9806, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T17:03:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:08:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:08:31Z", "ms": 1386382111077.6936 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T11:56:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T02:56:31Z", "ms": 1386384991077.6936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:08:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:08:57Z", "ms": 1386468537489.295 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:56:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:56:57Z", "ms": 1386471417489.295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z → 2013-12-08T05:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:09–11:57 on the 7th, 11:09–11:57 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9806 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Sunday 8 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3272, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T12:51:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T03:51:56Z", "ms": 1386561116180.078 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T14:40:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T12:51:56+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T03:51:56Z", "ms": 1386561116180.078 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:08:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:08:57Z", "ms": 1386468537489.295 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T11:56:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T02:56:57Z", "ms": 1386471417489.295 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-09T11:09:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T02:09:24Z", "ms": 1386554964354.06 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T11:57:24+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T02:57:24Z", "ms": 1386557844354.06 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec to 12:52 on Mon 9 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z → 2013-12-09T03:51:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:09–11:57 on the 8th, 11:09–11:57 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3272 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mitra Saptamī 2013 falls on Monday 9 December. Saptamī runs from 14:40 on Sun 8 Dec to 12:52 on Mon 9 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T11:13:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z", "ms": 1386814409106.434 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T11:13:29+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z", "ms": 1386814409106.434 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T06:41:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-11T21:41:36Z", "ms": 1386798095587.0781 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-12T06:41:36+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-11T21:41:36Z", "ms": 1386798095587.0781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:42:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1386884538849.6274 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:42:19+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T21:42:19Z", "ms": 1386884538849.6274 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Thu 12 Dec to 11:52 on Fri 13 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z → 2013-12-13T02:51:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 12th and 06:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Friday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 13 December. Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Thu 12 Dec to 11:52 on Fri 13 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 464, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T12:58:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:51:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T12:58:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:11:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:11:16Z", "ms": 1386900675767.0022 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T11:59:16+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:59:16Z", "ms": 1386903555767.0022 } }, "covered_min": 8, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T11:11:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T02:11:44Z", "ms": 1386987104465.7449 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T11:59:44+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T02:59:44Z", "ms": 1386989984465.7449 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:52 on Fri 13 Dec to 12:59 on Sat 14 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z → 2013-12-14T03:58:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:11–11:59 on the 13th, 11:12–12:00 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 8 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 464 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 14 December. Dvādaśī runs from 11:52 on Fri 13 Dec to 12:59 on Sat 14 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 8 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T12:58:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T14:29:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T05:29:43Z", "ms": 1387085382948.9565 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T12:58:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T14:29:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T05:29:43Z", "ms": 1387085382948.9565 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T16:28:28+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T07:28:28Z", "ms": 1387006108104.7095 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T18:22:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T09:22:30Z", "ms": 1387012949887.6255 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-15T16:28:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T07:28:45Z", "ms": 1387092525413.9539 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T18:22:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T09:22:50Z", "ms": 1387099370126.5142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:59 on Sat 14 Dec to 14:30 on Sun 15 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z → 2013-12-15T05:29:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:28–18:22 on the 14th, 16:29–18:23 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 114 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 14 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:59 on Sat 14 Dec to 14:30 on Sun 15 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 269, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T16:20:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z", "ms": 1387178448961.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T18:28:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T09:28:04Z", "ms": 1387272484287.2217 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T16:20:49+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z", "ms": 1387178448961.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T18:28:04+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T09:28:04Z", "ms": 1387272484287.2217 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T16:29:05+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T07:29:05Z", "ms": 1387178944594.7048 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-16T18:23:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T09:23:12Z", "ms": 1387185791799.6333 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-17T16:29:26+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T07:29:26Z", "ms": 1387265365627.8267 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T18:23:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T09:23:35Z", "ms": 1387272214885.221 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:21 on Mon 16 Dec to 18:28 on Tue 17 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z → 2013-12-17T09:28:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:29–18:23 on the 16th, 16:29–18:24 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 16th and 114 of 114 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 269 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2013 falls on Tuesday 17 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:21 on Mon 16 Dec to 18:28 on Tue 17 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 114 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 29 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-12-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-21T01:50:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z", "ms": 1387558256555.116 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-22T04:22:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T19:22:43Z", "ms": 1387653763476.6157 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-21T01:50:57+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z", "ms": 1387558256555.116 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-22T04:22:43+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T19:22:43Z", "ms": 1387653763476.6157 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-20T19:13:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T10:13:50Z", "ms": 1387534430038.7415 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-20T19:13:50+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T10:13:50Z", "ms": 1387534430038.7415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-21T20:07:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T11:07:55Z", "ms": 1387624075002.2568 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-21T20:07:55+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T11:07:55Z", "ms": 1387624075002.2568 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:51 on Sat 21 Dec to 04:23 on Sun 22 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z → 2013-12-21T19:22:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:14 on the 20th and 20:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Tokyo, 2013: Saturday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 21 December. Caturthī runs from 01:51 on Sat 21 Dec to 04:23 on Sun 22 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T10:25:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z", "ms": 1388193937539.1353 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T08:49:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T23:49:51Z", "ms": 1388274591318.348 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T10:25:38+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z", "ms": 1388193937539.1353 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T08:49:51+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T23:49:51Z", "ms": 1388274591318.348 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T06:50:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-27T21:50:12Z", "ms": 1388181012001.3855 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-28T06:50:12+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-27T21:50:12Z", "ms": 1388181012001.3855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-29T06:50:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T21:50:30Z", "ms": 1388267430278.7444 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T06:50:30+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T21:50:30Z", "ms": 1388267430278.7444 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:26 on Sat 28 Dec to 08:50 on Sun 29 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z → 2013-12-28T23:49:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:50 on the 28th and 06:51 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Tokyo, 2013: Sunday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 29 December. Ekādaśī runs from 10:26 on Sat 28 Dec to 08:50 on Sun 29 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32319, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T06:28:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z", "ms": 1388352518656.8162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T03:29:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T06:28:39+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z", "ms": 1388352518656.8162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T03:29:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-29T16:35:53+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T07:35:53Z", "ms": 1388302552937.5032 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T18:29:52+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T09:29:52Z", "ms": 1388309392110.6626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T16:36:35+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T07:36:35Z", "ms": 1388388995422.4 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-30T18:30:31+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T09:30:31Z", "ms": 1388395830879.4504 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 03:29 on Tue 31 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z → 2013-12-30T18:29:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:36–18:30 on the 29th, 16:37–18:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 114 minutes on the 29th and 114 of 114 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32319 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Tokyo, 2013: Monday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 30 December. Trayodaśī runs from 06:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 03:29 on Tue 31 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-31", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1850147", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-31T03:29:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "end": { "local": "2014-01-01T00:00:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T15:00:45Z", "ms": 1388502045395.042 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-31T03:29:10+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "end": { "local": "2014-01-01T00:00:45+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T15:00:45Z", "ms": 1388502045395.042 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T23:19:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T14:19:48Z", "ms": 1388413188386.3398 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T00:07:48+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T15:07:48Z", "ms": 1388416068386.3398 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-31T23:20:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T14:20:17Z", "ms": 1388499616688.0938 }, "end": { "local": "2014-01-01T00:08:17+09:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T15:08:17Z", "ms": 1388502496688.0938 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:29 on Tue 31 Dec to 00:01 on Wed 1 Jan.", "fact": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z → 2013-12-31T15:00:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:20–00:08 on the 30th, 23:20–00:08 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 40 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Tokyo, 2013: Tuesday 31 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Tokyo, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Tuesday 31 December. Caturdaśī runs from 03:29 on Tue 31 Dec to 00:01 on Wed 1 Jan and covers 40 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/tokyo/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }