{ "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981", "place": { "id": "1853909", "slug": "osaka", "name": "Osaka", "region": "Japan", "country": "JP", "lat": 34.69379, "lon": 135.50107, "elevation_m": 4, "tz": "Asia/Tokyo" }, "year": 1981, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-01-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-01T09:50:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-01T00:50:38Z", "ms": 347158238316.0212 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-02T12:05:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-02T03:05:34Z", "ms": 347252734100.33154 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-01T09:50:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-01T00:50:38Z", "ms": 347158238316.0212 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-02T12:05:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-02T03:05:34Z", "ms": 347252734100.33154 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-01T07:05:31+09:00", "utc": "1980-12-31T22:05:31Z", "ms": 347148331057.654 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-01T07:05:31+09:00", "utc": "1980-12-31T22:05:31Z", "ms": 347148331057.654 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-02T07:05:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-01T22:05:43Z", "ms": 347234742541.33887 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-02T07:05:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-01T22:05:43Z", "ms": 347234742541.33887 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:51 on Thu 1 Jan to 12:06 on Fri 2 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-01T00:50:38Z → 1981-01-02T03:05:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 1st and 07:06 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Friday 2 January. Ekādaśī runs from 09:51 on Thu 1 Jan to 12:06 on Fri 2 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-01-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-03T13:55:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-03T04:55:55Z", "ms": 347345755300.01794 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-04T15:16:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T06:16:32Z", "ms": 347436992198.3991 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-03T13:55:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-03T04:55:55Z", "ms": 347345755300.01794 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-04T15:16:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T06:16:32Z", "ms": 347436992198.3991 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-03T16:59:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-03T07:59:03Z", "ms": 347356743295.6981 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-03T18:51:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-03T09:51:59Z", "ms": 347363518855.0063 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-04T16:59:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T07:59:51Z", "ms": 347443191297.92566 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-04T18:52:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T09:52:41Z", "ms": 347449961248.25543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:56 on Sat 3 Jan to 15:17 on Sun 4 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-03T04:55:55Z → 1981-01-04T06:16:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:59–18:52 on the 3rd, 17:00–18:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 113 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 3 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Saturday 3 January. Trayodaśī runs from 13:56 on Sat 3 Jan to 15:17 on Sun 4 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-01-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-01-04", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27227, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-04T15:16:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T06:16:32Z", "ms": 347436992198.3991 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-05T16:05:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-05T07:05:38Z", "ms": 347526338183.52924 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-04T15:16:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T06:16:32Z", "ms": 347436992198.3991 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-05T16:05:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-05T07:05:38Z", "ms": 347526338183.52924 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-04T23:38:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T14:38:59Z", "ms": 347467138611.66235 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-05T00:26:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-04T15:26:59Z", "ms": 347470018611.66235 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-05T23:39:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-05T14:39:25Z", "ms": 347553565175.1564 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-06T00:27:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-05T15:27:25Z", "ms": 347556445175.1564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:17 on Sun 4 Jan to 16:06 on Mon 5 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-04T06:16:32Z → 1981-01-05T07:05:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:39–00:27 on the 4th, 23:39–00:27 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27227 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 4 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Sunday 4 January. Caturdaśī runs from 15:17 on Sun 4 Jan to 16:06 on Mon 5 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-01-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-01-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3405, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-09T14:42:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-09T05:42:01Z", "ms": 347866921073.54486 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-10T13:26:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-10T04:26:18Z", "ms": 347948778286.5653 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-09T14:42:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-09T05:42:01Z", "ms": 347866921073.54486 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-10T13:26:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-10T04:26:18Z", "ms": 347948778286.5653 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-09T11:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-09T02:41:09Z", "ms": 347856068523.9496 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-09T12:29:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-09T03:29:09Z", "ms": 347858948523.9496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-10T11:41:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-10T02:41:34Z", "ms": 347942493553.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-10T12:29:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-10T03:29:34Z", "ms": 347945373553.5566 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:42 on Fri 9 Jan to 13:26 on Sat 10 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-09T05:42:01Z → 1981-01-10T04:26:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 9th, 11:42–12:30 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3405 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Saturday 10 January. Caturthī runs from 14:42 on Fri 9 Jan to 13:26 on Sat 10 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42108, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-12T18:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-12T09:28:15Z", "ms": 350818095129.987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-13T17:07:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T08:07:45Z", "ms": 348221265058.74347 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-15T17:09:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T08:09:38Z", "ms": 348394178271.25977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:09, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:10.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 42108 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1981-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1981-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Bhogi 1981 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42108, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-12T18:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-12T09:28:15Z", "ms": 350818095129.987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-13T17:07:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T08:07:45Z", "ms": 348221265058.74347 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-15T17:09:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T08:09:38Z", "ms": 348394178271.25977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:09, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:10.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 42108 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1981-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Pongal 1981 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19613, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-12T18:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-12T09:28:15Z", "ms": 350818095129.987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-13T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-12T15:00:00Z", "ms": 348159600000 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T15:00:00Z", "ms": 348246000000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T15:00:00Z", "ms": 348246000000 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-15T00:00:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T15:00:00Z", "ms": 348332400000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Osaka.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Tokyo" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 19613 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1981-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Makara Saṅkrānti 1981 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 42108, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-12T18:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-12T09:28:15Z", "ms": 350818095129.987 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T05:26:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z", "ms": 348265613318.17065 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-13T17:07:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-13T08:07:45Z", "ms": 348221265058.74347 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-14T17:08:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-14T08:08:41Z", "ms": 348307721386.19196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-15T17:09:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T08:09:38Z", "ms": 348394178271.25977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-13T20:26:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:09, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:10.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 42108 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1981-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1981-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mattu Pongal 1981 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:27 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19567, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-16T01:38:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T16:38:59Z", "ms": 348424738877.58954 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-16T23:25:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-16T14:25:46Z", "ms": 348503145853.60675 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-16T01:38:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T16:38:59Z", "ms": 348424738877.58954 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-16T23:25:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-16T14:25:46Z", "ms": 348503145853.60675 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-16T07:05:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T22:05:06Z", "ms": 348444305545.33276 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-16T07:05:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-15T22:05:06Z", "ms": 348444305545.33276 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-17T07:04:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-16T22:04:49Z", "ms": 348530688598.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-17T07:04:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-16T22:04:49Z", "ms": 348530688598.1868 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:39 on Fri 16 Jan to 23:26 on Fri 16 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-15T16:38:59Z → 1981-01-16T14:25:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:05 on the 16th and 07:05 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19567 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Putradā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Friday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 01:39 on Fri 16 Jan to 23:26 on Fri 16 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-17T21:19:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-17T12:19:15Z", "ms": 348581955203.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-18T19:25:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-18T10:25:11Z", "ms": 348661510618.66455 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-17T21:19:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-17T12:19:15Z", "ms": 348581955203.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-18T19:25:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-18T10:25:11Z", "ms": 348661510618.66455 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-17T17:11:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-17T08:11:34Z", "ms": 348567093537.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-17T19:02:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-17T10:02:37Z", "ms": 348573757036.08295 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-18T17:12:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-18T08:12:32Z", "ms": 348653551834.69586 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-18T19:03:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-18T10:03:25Z", "ms": 348660204803.1973 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Sat 17 Jan to 19:25 on Sun 18 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-17T12:19:15Z → 1981-01-18T10:25:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:12–19:03 on the 17th, 17:13–19:03 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 17th and 111 of 111 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 21:19 on Sat 17 Jan to 19:25 on Sun 18 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-01-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12967, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-23T16:26:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-23T07:26:36Z", "ms": 349082796315.67535 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-24T17:37:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-24T08:37:24Z", "ms": 349173443840.836 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-23T16:26:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-23T07:26:36Z", "ms": 349082796315.67535 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-24T17:37:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-24T08:37:24Z", "ms": 349173443840.836 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-23T20:16:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-23T11:16:29Z", "ms": 349096589245.2572 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-23T20:16:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-23T11:16:29Z", "ms": 349096589245.2572 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-24T21:13:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-24T12:13:31Z", "ms": 349186410637.78375 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-24T21:13:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-24T12:13:31Z", "ms": 349186410637.78375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:27 on Fri 23 Jan to 17:37 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "1981-01-23T07:26:36Z → 1981-01-24T08:37:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:16 on the 23rd and 21:14 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12967 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Friday 23 January. Caturthī runs from 16:27 on Fri 23 Jan to 17:37 on Sat 24 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-02-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 550, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-01-31T06:48:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-30T21:48:34Z", "ms": 349739313714.7193 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-01T08:10:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-31T23:10:57Z", "ms": 349830657094.1563 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-01-31T06:48:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-30T21:48:34Z", "ms": 349739313714.7193 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-01T08:10:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-31T23:10:57Z", "ms": 349830657094.1563 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-01-31T06:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-30T21:57:44Z", "ms": 349739863573.97186 }, "end": { "local": "1981-01-31T06:57:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-30T21:57:44Z", "ms": 349739863573.97186 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-01T06:57:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-31T21:57:01Z", "ms": 349826220685.7989 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-01T06:57:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-01-31T21:57:01Z", "ms": 349826220685.7989 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 08:11 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1981-01-30T21:48:34Z → 1981-01-31T23:10:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 31st and 06:57 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 550 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 1 February. Ekādaśī runs from 06:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 08:11 on Sun 1 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-02-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30624, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-02T08:54:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-01T23:54:41Z", "ms": 349919680829.01044 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-02T08:54:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-01T23:54:41Z", "ms": 349919680829.01044 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-02T17:27:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T08:27:33Z", "ms": 349950453339.87115 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-02T19:15:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T10:15:17Z", "ms": 349956916935.3723 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T17:28:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T08:28:34Z", "ms": 350036913753.59064 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-03T19:16:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T10:16:03Z", "ms": 350043362968.36664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:55 on Mon 2 Feb to 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-01T23:54:41Z → 1981-02-02T23:58:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:28–19:15 on the 2nd, 17:29–19:16 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 107 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30624 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 2 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 2 February. Trayodaśī runs from 08:55 on Mon 2 Feb to 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-02-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-02-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28050, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T08:23:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T23:23:09Z", "ms": 350090588500.2604 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T08:23:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T23:23:09Z", "ms": 350090588500.2604 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-02T23:47:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T14:47:32Z", "ms": 349973251823.0005 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-03T00:35:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T15:35:32Z", "ms": 349976131823.0005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T23:47:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T14:47:38Z", "ms": 350059658309.0006 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T00:35:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T15:35:38Z", "ms": 350062538309.0006 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:23 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z → 1981-02-03T23:23:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 2nd, 23:48–00:36 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28050 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Tuesday 3 February. Caturdaśī runs from 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:23 on Wed 4 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-02-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T08:23:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T23:23:09Z", "ms": 350090588500.2604 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T08:58:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z", "ms": 350006290221.0994 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T08:23:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T23:23:09Z", "ms": 350090588500.2604 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-03T05:07:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T20:07:47Z", "ms": 349992466710.62866 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-03T06:55:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-02T21:55:30Z", "ms": 349998930306.1298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-04T05:07:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T20:07:14Z", "ms": 350078833649.6345 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-04T06:54:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-03T21:54:43Z", "ms": 350085282864.4105 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:23 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-02T23:58:10Z → 1981-02-03T23:23:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:08–06:56 on the 3rd, 05:07–06:55 on the 4th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 3rd and 107 of 107 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Yama Tarpaṇa 1981 falls on Wednesday 4 February. Caturdaśī runs from 08:58 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:23 on Wed 4 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37230, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T01:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z", "ms": 350410836560.28217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T01:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z", "ms": 350410836560.28217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-07T11:48:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T02:48:23Z", "ms": 350362102823.5818 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-07T12:36:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T03:36:23Z", "ms": 350364982823.5818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T11:48:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T02:48:26Z", "ms": 350448505985.72974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T12:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T03:36:26Z", "ms": 350451385985.72974 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:21 on Sun 8 Feb to 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z → 1981-02-08T13:56:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 7th, 11:48–12:36 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37230 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1981 falls on Sunday 8 February. Caturthī runs from 01:21 on Sun 8 Feb to 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13028, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T01:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z", "ms": 350410836560.28217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T01:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z", "ms": 350410836560.28217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-07T17:32:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T08:32:34Z", "ms": 350382753820.1849 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-07T19:19:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-07T10:19:04Z", "ms": 350389143798.73846 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T17:33:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T08:33:33Z", "ms": 350469213312.12274 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T19:19:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T10:19:48Z", "ms": 350475588086.9421 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:21 on Sun 8 Feb to 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-07T16:20:37Z → 1981-02-08T13:56:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:33–19:19 on the 7th, 17:34–19:20 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 7th and 106 of 106 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13028 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Tila Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 8 February. Caturthī runs from 01:21 on Sun 8 Feb to 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28466, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T20:30:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T11:30:54Z", "ms": 350566254077.86145 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T20:30:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T11:30:54Z", "ms": 350566254077.86145 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T11:48:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T02:48:26Z", "ms": 350448505985.72974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T12:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T03:36:26Z", "ms": 350451385985.72974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-09T11:48:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T02:48:28Z", "ms": 350534908336.13586 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T12:36:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T03:36:28Z", "ms": 350537788336.13586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z → 1981-02-09T11:30:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 8th, 11:48–12:36 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28466 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śrī Pañcamī 1981 falls on Monday 9 February. Pañcamī runs from 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28466, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T20:30:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T11:30:54Z", "ms": 350566254077.86145 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T22:56:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z", "ms": 350488615853.4666 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T20:30:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T11:30:54Z", "ms": 350566254077.86145 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-08T11:48:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T02:48:26Z", "ms": 350448505985.72974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-08T12:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-08T03:36:26Z", "ms": 350451385985.72974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-09T11:48:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T02:48:28Z", "ms": 350534908336.13586 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-09T12:36:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T03:36:28Z", "ms": 350537788336.13586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-08T13:56:56Z → 1981-02-09T11:30:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 8th, 11:48–12:36 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28466 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vasanta Pañcamī 1981 falls on Monday 9 February. Pañcamī runs from 22:57 on Sun 8 Feb to 20:31 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32651, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-10T18:07:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-10T09:07:58Z", "ms": 350644077505.1237 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-11T15:52:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-11T06:52:42Z", "ms": 350722361753.4865 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-10T18:07:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-10T09:07:58Z", "ms": 350644077505.1237 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-11T15:52:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-11T06:52:42Z", "ms": 350722361753.4865 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-10T05:03:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T20:03:29Z", "ms": 350597008819.64417 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-10T06:49:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-09T21:49:28Z", "ms": 350603368245.8965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-11T05:02:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-10T20:02:47Z", "ms": 350683367116.6381 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-11T06:48:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-10T21:48:31Z", "ms": 350689711055.817 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 18:08 on Tue 10 Feb to 15:53 on Wed 11 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-10T09:07:58Z → 1981-02-11T06:52:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:03–06:49 on the 10th, 05:03–06:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 10th and 106 of 106 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32651 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ratha Saptamī 1981 falls on Wednesday 11 February. Saptamī runs from 18:08 on Tue 10 Feb to 15:53 on Wed 11 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-14T10:26:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-14T01:26:28Z", "ms": 350961987634.47577 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-15T09:12:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T00:12:12Z", "ms": 351043931757.07263 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-14T10:26:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-14T01:26:28Z", "ms": 350961987634.47577 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-15T09:12:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T00:12:12Z", "ms": 351043931757.07263 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-14T06:45:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-13T21:45:32Z", "ms": 350948731917.0974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-14T06:45:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-13T21:45:32Z", "ms": 350948731917.0974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-15T06:44:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-14T21:44:30Z", "ms": 351035069789.96405 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-15T06:44:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-14T21:44:30Z", "ms": 351035069789.96405 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:26 on Sat 14 Feb to 09:12 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-14T01:26:28Z → 1981-02-15T00:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 14th and 06:44 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Jayā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 10:26 on Sat 14 Feb to 09:12 on Sun 15 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-15T09:12:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T00:12:12Z", "ms": 351043931757.07263 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-16T08:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T23:18:20Z", "ms": 351127100008.5359 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-15T09:12:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T00:12:12Z", "ms": 351043931757.07263 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-16T08:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T23:18:20Z", "ms": 351127100008.5359 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-15T11:48:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T02:48:26Z", "ms": 351053305758.41016 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-15T12:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T03:36:26Z", "ms": 351056185758.41016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-16T11:48:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T02:48:23Z", "ms": 351139702648.531 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-16T12:36:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T03:36:23Z", "ms": 351142582648.531 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:12 on Sun 15 Feb to 08:18 on Mon 16 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-15T00:12:12Z → 1981-02-15T23:18:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 15th, 11:48–12:36 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 15 February. Dvādaśī runs from 09:12 on Sun 15 Feb to 08:18 on Mon 16 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-02-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33779, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-16T08:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T23:18:20Z", "ms": 351127100008.5359 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-17T07:46:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T22:46:44Z", "ms": 351211604178.06757 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-16T08:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-15T23:18:20Z", "ms": 351127100008.5359 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-17T07:46:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T22:46:44Z", "ms": 351211604178.06757 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-16T17:41:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T08:41:19Z", "ms": 351160878784.9403 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-16T19:25:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-16T10:25:27Z", "ms": 351167127229.36414 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-17T17:42:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-17T08:42:16Z", "ms": 351247335503.38446 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-17T19:26:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-17T10:26:08Z", "ms": 351253567655.2857 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Mon 16 Feb to 07:47 on Tue 17 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-15T23:18:20Z → 1981-02-16T22:46:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:41–19:25 on the 16th, 17:42–19:26 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 104 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33779 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 16 February. Trayodaśī runs from 08:18 on Mon 16 Feb to 07:47 on Tue 17 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-02-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-02-18T07:39:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-17T22:39:23Z", "ms": 351297562928.61835 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-19T07:58:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-18T22:58:14Z", "ms": 351385093864.15186 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-18T07:39:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-17T22:39:23Z", "ms": 351297562928.61835 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-19T07:58:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-18T22:58:14Z", "ms": 351385093864.15186 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-18T11:48:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-18T02:48:14Z", "ms": 351312494261.8401 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-18T12:36:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-18T03:36:14Z", "ms": 351315374261.8401 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-19T11:48:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-19T02:48:09Z", "ms": 351398889019.21674 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-19T12:36:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-19T03:36:09Z", "ms": 351401769019.21674 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:39 on Wed 18 Feb to 07:58 on Thu 19 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-17T22:39:23Z → 1981-02-18T22:58:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 18th, 11:48–12:36 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1981 falls on Wednesday 18 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:39 on Wed 18 Feb to 07:58 on Thu 19 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-02-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-02-22T11:42:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-22T02:42:16Z", "ms": 351657736306.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-23T13:48:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-23T04:48:21Z", "ms": 351751701193.31195 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-02-22T11:42:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-22T02:42:16Z", "ms": 351657736306.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-23T13:48:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-23T04:48:21Z", "ms": 351751701193.31195 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-22T20:52:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-22T11:52:55Z", "ms": 351690775306.7161 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-22T20:52:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-22T11:52:55Z", "ms": 351690775306.7161 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-02-23T21:47:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-23T12:47:23Z", "ms": 351780443456.3228 }, "end": { "local": "1981-02-23T21:47:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-02-23T12:47:23Z", "ms": 351780443456.3228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:42 on Sun 22 Feb to 13:48 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "1981-02-22T02:42:16Z → 1981-02-23T04:48:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:53 on the 22nd and 21:47 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 22 February. Caturthī runs from 11:42 on Sun 22 Feb to 13:48 on Mon 23 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-03-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15975, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-02T01:48:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-01T16:48:15Z", "ms": 352313295094.4754 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-03T01:59:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-02T16:59:27Z", "ms": 352400367270.84766 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-02T01:48:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-01T16:48:15Z", "ms": 352313295094.4754 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-03T01:59:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-02T16:59:27Z", "ms": 352400367270.84766 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-02T06:26:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-01T21:26:59Z", "ms": 352330018904.9565 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-02T06:26:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-01T21:26:59Z", "ms": 352330018904.9565 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-03T06:25:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-02T21:25:42Z", "ms": 352416342410.67474 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-03T06:25:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-02T21:25:42Z", "ms": 352416342410.67474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:48 on Mon 2 Mar to 01:59 on Tue 3 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-01T16:48:15Z → 1981-03-02T16:59:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 2nd and 06:26 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15975 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Monday 2 March. Ekādaśī runs from 01:48 on Mon 2 Mar to 01:59 on Tue 3 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-05T00:02:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T15:02:51Z", "ms": 352566170737.61273 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-05T22:02:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-05T13:02:48Z", "ms": 352645368207.2175 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-05T00:02:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T15:02:51Z", "ms": 352566170737.61273 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-05T22:02:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-05T13:02:48Z", "ms": 352645368207.2175 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-04T23:45:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T14:45:27Z", "ms": 352565127069.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-05T00:33:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T15:33:27Z", "ms": 352568007069.4932 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-05T23:45:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-05T14:45:14Z", "ms": 352651513706.906 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-06T00:33:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-05T15:33:14Z", "ms": 352654393706.906 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:03 on Thu 5 Mar to 22:03 on Thu 5 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-04T15:02:51Z → 1981-03-05T13:02:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:45–00:33 on the 4th, 23:45–00:33 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 31 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 1044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mahāśivarātri 1981 falls on Wednesday 4 March. Caturdaśī runs from 00:03 on Thu 5 Mar to 22:03 on Thu 5 Mar and covers 31 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-03-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16045, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-04T01:23:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-03T16:23:32Z", "ms": 352484612003.8966 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-05T00:02:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T15:02:51Z", "ms": 352566170737.61273 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-04T01:23:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-03T16:23:32Z", "ms": 352484612003.8966 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-05T00:02:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T15:02:51Z", "ms": 352566170737.61273 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-03T17:54:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-03T08:54:55Z", "ms": 352457694706.62646 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-03T19:34:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-03T10:34:51Z", "ms": 352463690784.2167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-04T17:55:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T08:55:47Z", "ms": 352544146571.9043 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-04T19:35:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-04T10:35:25Z", "ms": 352550125371.26135 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:24 on Wed 4 Mar to 00:03 on Thu 5 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-03T16:23:32Z → 1981-03-04T15:02:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:55–19:35 on the 3rd, 17:56–19:35 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 3rd and 100 of 100 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16045 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Wednesday 4 March. Trayodaśī runs from 01:24 on Wed 4 Mar to 00:03 on Thu 5 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-03-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-03-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5300, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-09T10:16:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T01:16:36Z", "ms": 352948596335.34644 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-10T07:10:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T22:10:27Z", "ms": 353023826941.47766 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-09T10:16:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T01:16:36Z", "ms": 352948596335.34644 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-10T07:10:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T22:10:27Z", "ms": 353023826941.47766 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-09T11:44:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T02:44:56Z", "ms": 352953896359.30255 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-09T12:32:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-09T03:32:56Z", "ms": 352956776359.30255 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-10T11:44:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-10T02:44:41Z", "ms": 353040281262.6324 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-10T12:32:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-10T03:32:41Z", "ms": 353043161262.6324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Mon 9 Mar to 07:10 on Tue 10 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-09T01:16:36Z → 1981-03-09T22:10:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 9th, 11:45–12:33 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Monday 9 March. Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Mon 9 Mar to 07:10 on Tue 10 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-15T20:30:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-15T11:30:31Z", "ms": 353503830509.8775 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-16T20:27:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-16T11:27:17Z", "ms": 353590037378.9197 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-15T20:30:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-15T11:30:31Z", "ms": 353503830509.8775 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-16T20:27:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-16T11:27:17Z", "ms": 353590037378.9197 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-16T06:08:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-15T21:08:21Z", "ms": 353538500861.17786 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-16T06:08:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-15T21:08:21Z", "ms": 353538500861.17786 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-17T06:06:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-16T21:06:58Z", "ms": 353624818111.0896 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-17T06:06:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-16T21:06:58Z", "ms": 353624818111.0896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Sun 15 Mar to 20:27 on Mon 16 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-15T11:30:31Z → 1981-03-16T11:27:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:08 on the 16th and 06:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Monday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 20:31 on Sun 15 Mar to 20:27 on Mon 16 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-03-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4122, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-17T20:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-17T11:51:09Z", "ms": 353677868726.4933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-18T21:39:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-18T12:39:38Z", "ms": 353767178202.21246 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-17T20:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-17T11:51:09Z", "ms": 353677868726.4933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-18T21:39:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-18T12:39:38Z", "ms": 353767178202.21246 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-17T18:06:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-17T09:06:35Z", "ms": 353667995227.40967 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-17T19:42:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-17T10:42:27Z", "ms": 353673747215.5757 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-18T18:07:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-18T09:07:23Z", "ms": 353754443419.3855 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-18T19:42:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-18T10:42:58Z", "ms": 353760177893.5888 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:51 on Tue 17 Mar to 21:40 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-17T11:51:09Z → 1981-03-18T12:39:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:42 on the 17th, 18:07–19:43 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 17th and 96 of 96 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Trayodaśī runs from 20:51 on Tue 17 Mar to 21:40 on Wed 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T22:50:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z", "ms": 353857838979.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T22:50:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z", "ms": 353857838979.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T15:43:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T06:43:24Z", "ms": 353832203539.19073 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-19T18:08:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T09:08:11Z", "ms": 353840891430.01086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-20T15:43:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T06:43:45Z", "ms": 353918625151.01855 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-20T18:08:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T09:08:59Z", "ms": 353927339275.07294 } }, "covered_min": 145, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:51 on Thu 19 Mar to 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z → 1981-03-20T15:22:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:08 on the 19th, 15:44–18:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 145 minutes on the 19th and 145 of 145 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Osaka, 1981: Friday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Holikā Dahana 1981 falls on Friday 20 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:51 on Thu 19 Mar to 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T22:50:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z", "ms": 353857838979.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T22:50:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z", "ms": 353857838979.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-19T15:43:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T06:43:24Z", "ms": 353832203539.19073 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-19T18:08:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-19T09:08:11Z", "ms": 353840891430.01086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-20T15:43:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T06:43:45Z", "ms": 353918625151.01855 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-20T18:08:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T09:08:59Z", "ms": 353927339275.07294 } }, "covered_min": 145, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1981-03-20", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:51 on Thu 19 Mar to 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-19T13:50:39Z → 1981-03-20T15:22:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:08 on the 19th, 15:44–18:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 145 minutes on the 19th and 145 of 145 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16948 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Friday 20 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Holī 1981 falls on Saturday 21 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Friday 20 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:51 on Thu 19 Mar to 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 20th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13595, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-22T02:13:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-21T17:13:27Z", "ms": 354042806818.16345 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-21T00:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z", "ms": 353949747999.98016 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-22T02:13:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-21T17:13:27Z", "ms": 354042806818.16345 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-21T06:01:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T21:01:25Z", "ms": 353970085207.11395 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-21T06:01:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-20T21:01:25Z", "ms": 353970085207.11395 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-22T06:00:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-21T21:00:02Z", "ms": 354056401664.44183 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-22T06:00:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-21T21:00:02Z", "ms": 354056401664.44183 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar to 02:13 on Sun 22 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-20T15:22:28Z → 1981-03-21T17:13:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:01 on the 21st and 06:00 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13595 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vasantotsava 1981 falls on Saturday 21 March. Pratipadā runs from 00:22 on Sat 21 Mar to 02:13 on Sun 22 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-03-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36545, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-24T06:42:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-23T21:42:38Z", "ms": 354231758106.3136 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-25T09:11:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-25T00:11:27Z", "ms": 354327086796.3051 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-24T06:42:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-23T21:42:38Z", "ms": 354231758106.3136 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-25T09:11:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-25T00:11:27Z", "ms": 354327086796.3051 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-23T20:33:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-23T11:33:33Z", "ms": 354195212924.4076 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-23T20:33:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-23T11:33:33Z", "ms": 354195212924.4076 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-24T21:27:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-24T12:27:53Z", "ms": 354284872506.1371 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-24T21:27:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-24T12:27:53Z", "ms": 354284872506.1371 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:43 on Tue 24 Mar to 09:11 on Wed 25 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-23T21:42:38Z → 1981-03-25T00:11:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:34 on the 23rd and 21:28 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36545 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Tuesday 24 March. Caturthī runs from 06:43 on Tue 24 Mar to 09:11 on Wed 25 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-28T15:49:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-28T06:49:37Z", "ms": 354610177460.78845 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-29T17:08:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-29T08:08:33Z", "ms": 354701313181.9542 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-28T15:49:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-28T06:49:37Z", "ms": 354610177460.78845 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-29T17:08:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-29T08:08:33Z", "ms": 354701313181.9542 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-28T11:39:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-28T02:39:29Z", "ms": 354595169036.542 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-28T12:27:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-28T03:27:29Z", "ms": 354598049036.542 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-29T11:39:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-29T02:39:11Z", "ms": 354681550878.494 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-29T12:27:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-29T03:27:11Z", "ms": 354684430878.494 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:50 on Sat 28 Mar to 17:09 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "1981-03-28T06:49:37Z → 1981-03-29T08:08:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 28th, 11:39–12:27 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śītalāṣṭamī 1981 falls on Sunday 29 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:50 on Sat 28 Mar to 17:09 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38346, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-03-31T17:29:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-31T08:29:48Z", "ms": 354875388241.33105 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-01T16:25:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-01T07:25:13Z", "ms": 354957913396.8219 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-03-31T17:29:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-31T08:29:48Z", "ms": 354875388241.33105 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-01T16:25:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-01T07:25:13Z", "ms": 354957913396.8219 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-03-31T05:47:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-30T20:47:31Z", "ms": 354833250593.74835 }, "end": { "local": "1981-03-31T05:47:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-30T20:47:31Z", "ms": 354833250593.74835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-01T05:46:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-31T20:46:08Z", "ms": 354919567780.78894 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-01T05:46:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-03-31T20:46:08Z", "ms": 354919567780.78894 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:30 on Tue 31 Mar to 16:25 on Wed 1 Apr.", "fact": "1981-03-31T08:29:48Z → 1981-04-01T07:25:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:48 on the 31st and 05:46 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38346 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Ekādaśī runs from 17:30 on Tue 31 Mar to 16:25 on Wed 1 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-04-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13589, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-02T14:32:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T05:32:43Z", "ms": 355037563482.32886 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-03T11:58:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T02:58:20Z", "ms": 355114699891.5753 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-02T14:32:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T05:32:43Z", "ms": 355037563482.32886 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-03T11:58:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T02:58:20Z", "ms": 355114699891.5753 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-02T18:19:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T09:19:13Z", "ms": 355051152887.3033 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-02T19:50:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T10:50:26Z", "ms": 355056626219.905 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-03T18:20:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T09:20:00Z", "ms": 355137599867.08154 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-03T19:50:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T10:50:56Z", "ms": 355143055997.9421 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:33 on Thu 2 Apr to 11:58 on Fri 3 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-02T05:32:43Z → 1981-04-03T02:58:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:19–19:50 on the 2nd, 18:20–19:51 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 91 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13589 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Thursday 2 April. Trayodaśī runs from 14:33 on Thu 2 Apr to 11:58 on Fri 3 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-04-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-04-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30332, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-03T11:58:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T02:58:20Z", "ms": 355114699891.5753 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-04T08:50:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T23:50:32Z", "ms": 355189832140.00006 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-03T11:58:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T02:58:20Z", "ms": 355114699891.5753 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-04T08:50:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T23:50:32Z", "ms": 355189832140.00006 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-02T23:37:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T14:37:18Z", "ms": 355070237884.5598 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-03T00:25:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-02T15:25:18Z", "ms": 355073117884.5598 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-03T23:37:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T14:37:00Z", "ms": 355156620357.8085 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-04T00:25:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-03T15:25:00Z", "ms": 355159500357.8085 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:58 on Fri 3 Apr to 08:51 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-03T02:58:20Z → 1981-04-03T23:50:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 2nd, 23:37–00:25 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30332 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Friday 3 April. Caturdaśī runs from 11:58 on Fri 3 Apr to 08:51 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22660, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-04-05T05:19:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-04T20:19:26Z", "ms": 355263566231.01166 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-06T01:36:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-05T16:36:01Z", "ms": 355336560631.19214 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-05T05:19:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-04T20:19:26Z", "ms": 355263566231.01166 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-06T01:36:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-05T16:36:01Z", "ms": 355336560631.19214 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-05T11:37:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-05T02:37:06Z", "ms": 355286226490.68604 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-05T12:25:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-05T03:25:06Z", "ms": 355289106490.68604 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T11:36:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T02:36:49Z", "ms": 355372609303.9169 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-06T12:24:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T03:24:49Z", "ms": 355375489303.9169 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:19 on Sun 5 Apr to 01:36 on Mon 6 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-04T20:19:26Z → 1981-04-05T16:36:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 5th, 11:37–12:25 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22660 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Osaka, 1981: Sunday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1981 falls on Sunday 5 April. Pratipadā runs from 05:19 on Sun 5 Apr to 01:36 on Mon 6 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T21:51:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z", "ms": 355409490112.8974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T21:51:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z", "ms": 355409490112.8974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T11:36:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T02:36:49Z", "ms": 355372609303.9169 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-06T12:24:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T03:24:49Z", "ms": 355375489303.9169 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-07T11:36:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T02:36:32Z", "ms": 355458992304.5687 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T12:24:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T03:24:32Z", "ms": 355461872304.5687 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 21:52 on Mon 6 Apr to 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z → 1981-04-07T09:16:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 6th, 11:37–12:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1981 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 21:52 on Mon 6 Apr to 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T21:51:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z", "ms": 355409490112.8974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T21:51:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z", "ms": 355409490112.8974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-06T11:36:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T02:36:49Z", "ms": 355372609303.9169 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-06T12:24:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-06T03:24:49Z", "ms": 355375489303.9169 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-07T11:36:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T02:36:32Z", "ms": 355458992304.5687 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T12:24:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T03:24:32Z", "ms": 355461872304.5687 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 21:52 on Mon 6 Apr to 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-06T12:51:30Z → 1981-04-07T09:16:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 6th, 11:37–12:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1981 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 21:52 on Mon 6 Apr to 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-04-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9492, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-08T15:02:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T06:02:27Z", "ms": 355557747224.876 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-07T18:16:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z", "ms": 355483014351.7101 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-08T15:02:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T06:02:27Z", "ms": 355557747224.876 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-07T11:36:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T02:36:32Z", "ms": 355458992304.5687 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-07T12:24:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-07T03:24:32Z", "ms": 355461872304.5687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-08T11:36:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T02:36:16Z", "ms": 355545375505.8418 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-08T12:24:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T03:24:16Z", "ms": 355548255505.8418 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr to 15:02 on Wed 8 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-07T09:16:54Z → 1981-04-08T06:02:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 7th, 11:36–12:24 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9492 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Caturthī runs from 18:17 on Tue 7 Apr to 15:02 on Wed 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-08T15:02:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T06:02:27Z", "ms": 355557747224.876 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-09T12:17:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-09T03:17:04Z", "ms": 355634223802.0378 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-08T15:02:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T06:02:27Z", "ms": 355557747224.876 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-09T12:17:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-09T03:17:04Z", "ms": 355634223802.0378 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-08T11:36:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T02:36:16Z", "ms": 355545375505.8418 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-08T12:24:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-08T03:24:16Z", "ms": 355548255505.8418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-09T11:35:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-09T02:35:59Z", "ms": 355631758921.6451 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-09T12:23:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-09T03:23:59Z", "ms": 355634638921.6451 } }, "covered_min": 41, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 15:02 on Wed 8 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-08T06:02:27Z → 1981-04-09T03:17:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 8th, 11:36–12:24 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 41 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1981 falls on Thursday 9 April. Pañcamī runs from 15:02 on Wed 8 Apr to 12:17 on Thu 9 Apr and covers 41 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-11T08:39:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-10T23:39:03Z", "ms": 355793942644.5259 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-12T07:52:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T22:52:37Z", "ms": 355877557146.43115 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-11T08:39:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-10T23:39:03Z", "ms": 355793942644.5259 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-12T07:52:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T22:52:37Z", "ms": 355877557146.43115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-11T11:35:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T02:35:26Z", "ms": 355804526457.3097 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-11T12:23:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T03:23:26Z", "ms": 355807406457.3097 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-12T11:35:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T02:35:11Z", "ms": 355890910609.73486 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-12T12:23:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T03:23:11Z", "ms": 355893790609.73486 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:39 on Sat 11 Apr to 07:53 on Sun 12 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-10T23:39:03Z → 1981-04-11T22:52:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 11th, 11:35–12:23 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Bhavānī Utpatti 1981 falls on Saturday 11 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:39 on Sat 11 Apr to 07:53 on Sun 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-12T07:52:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T22:52:37Z", "ms": 355877557146.43115 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-13T07:47:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T22:47:12Z", "ms": 355963632028.60504 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-12T07:52:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-11T22:52:37Z", "ms": 355877557146.43115 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-13T07:47:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T22:47:12Z", "ms": 355963632028.60504 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-12T11:35:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T02:35:11Z", "ms": 355890910609.73486 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-12T12:23:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T03:23:11Z", "ms": 355893790609.73486 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-13T11:34:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T02:34:55Z", "ms": 355977295041.45575 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-13T12:22:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T03:22:55Z", "ms": 355980175041.45575 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 07:53 on Sun 12 Apr to 07:47 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-11T22:52:37Z → 1981-04-12T22:47:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 12th, 11:35–12:23 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rāma Navamī 1981 falls on Sunday 12 April. Navamī runs from 07:53 on Sun 12 Apr to 07:47 on Mon 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19771, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1981-04-13T23:59:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T14:59:11Z", "ms": 356021951172.8104 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-14T20:56:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T11:56:40Z", "ms": 358689399806.40643 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1981-04-13T23:59:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T14:59:11Z", "ms": 356021951172.8104 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-13T23:59:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T14:59:11Z", "ms": 356021951172.8104 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-13T05:30:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-12T20:30:00Z", "ms": 355955399587.713 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-14T05:28:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T20:28:42Z", "ms": 356041721837.4242 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-14T05:28:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T20:28:42Z", "ms": 356041721837.4242 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-15T05:27:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-14T20:27:25Z", "ms": 356128044672.69165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:59 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-13T14:59:11Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:30 on the 13th, and from 05:29 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 19771 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1981-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1981-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vaiśākhī 1981 falls on Monday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:59 on Mon 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10217, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-14T08:18:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T23:18:59Z", "ms": 356051939030.2655 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-15T09:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-15T00:22:28Z", "ms": 356142148387.1143 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-14T08:18:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T23:18:59Z", "ms": 356051939030.2655 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-15T09:22:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-15T00:22:28Z", "ms": 356142148387.1143 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-14T05:28:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T20:28:42Z", "ms": 356041721837.4242 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-14T05:28:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-13T20:28:42Z", "ms": 356041721837.4242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-15T05:27:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-14T20:27:25Z", "ms": 356128044672.69165 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-15T05:27:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-14T20:27:25Z", "ms": 356128044672.69165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:19 on Tue 14 Apr to 09:22 on Wed 15 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-13T23:18:59Z → 1981-04-15T00:22:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:29 on the 14th and 05:27 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10217 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Wednesday 15 April. Ekādaśī runs from 08:19 on Tue 14 Apr to 09:22 on Wed 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T10:51:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z", "ms": 356233892714.3723 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T10:51:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z", "ms": 356233892714.3723 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T11:34:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T02:34:10Z", "ms": 356236450190.547 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-16T12:22:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T03:22:10Z", "ms": 356239330190.547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-17T11:33:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T02:33:56Z", "ms": 356322835917.9893 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:21:56Z", "ms": 356325715917.9893 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Thu 16 Apr to 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z → 1981-04-17T03:40:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 16th, 11:34–12:22 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1109 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1981 falls on Thursday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Thu 16 Apr to 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T10:51:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z", "ms": 356233892714.3723 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T10:51:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z", "ms": 356233892714.3723 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-16T18:30:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T09:30:12Z", "ms": 356261412257.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-16T19:57:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-16T10:57:30Z", "ms": 356266649585.71906 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-17T18:31:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T09:31:00Z", "ms": 356347859613.8825 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T19:58:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T10:58:01Z", "ms": 356353080598.35754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Thu 16 Apr to 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-16T01:51:33Z → 1981-04-17T03:40:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:30–19:57 on the 16th, 18:31–19:58 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 87 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Thursday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 10:52 on Thu 16 Apr to 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1109, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-18T14:44:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T05:44:11Z", "ms": 356420651273.18164 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:40:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z", "ms": 356326824734.34015 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-18T14:44:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T05:44:11Z", "ms": 356420651273.18164 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-17T11:33:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T02:33:56Z", "ms": 356322835917.9893 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-17T12:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-17T03:21:56Z", "ms": 356325715917.9893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-18T11:33:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T02:33:42Z", "ms": 356409222013.88513 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-18T12:21:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T03:21:42Z", "ms": 356412102013.88513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr to 14:44 on Sat 18 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-17T03:40:25Z → 1981-04-18T05:44:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 17th, 11:34–12:22 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1109 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1981 falls on Saturday 18 April. Caturdaśī runs from 12:40 on Fri 17 Apr to 14:44 on Sat 18 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-04-18T14:44:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T05:44:11Z", "ms": 356420651273.18164 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-19T16:58:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 356515135072.7287 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-18T14:44:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T05:44:11Z", "ms": 356420651273.18164 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-19T16:58:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 356515135072.7287 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-18T11:33:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T02:33:42Z", "ms": 356409222013.88513 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-18T12:21:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-18T03:21:42Z", "ms": 356412102013.88513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-19T11:33:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-19T02:33:28Z", "ms": 356495608495.55493 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-19T12:21:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-19T03:21:28Z", "ms": 356498488495.55493 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:44 on Sat 18 Apr to 16:59 on Sun 19 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-18T05:44:11Z → 1981-04-19T07:58:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 18th, 11:33–12:21 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1981 falls on Sunday 19 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:44 on Sat 18 Apr to 16:59 on Sun 19 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-04-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10834, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-23T00:11:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-22T15:11:32Z", "ms": 356800292237.0658 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-24T02:28:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-23T17:28:08Z", "ms": 356894887726.6423 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-23T00:11:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-22T15:11:32Z", "ms": 356800292237.0658 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-24T02:28:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-23T17:28:08Z", "ms": 356894887726.6423 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-22T21:10:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-22T12:10:58Z", "ms": 356789458074.28754 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-22T21:10:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-22T12:10:58Z", "ms": 356789458074.28754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-23T22:04:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-23T13:04:59Z", "ms": 356879098561.301 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-23T22:04:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-23T13:04:59Z", "ms": 356879098561.301 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Thu 23 Apr to 02:28 on Fri 24 Apr.", "fact": "1981-04-22T15:11:32Z → 1981-04-23T17:28:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:11 on the 22nd and 22:05 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10834 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Thursday 23 April. Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Thu 23 Apr to 02:28 on Fri 24 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 689, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-04-30T05:21:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-29T20:21:07Z", "ms": 357423667048.8556 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-01T03:12:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-30T18:12:06Z", "ms": 357502326242.0843 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-04-30T05:21:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-29T20:21:07Z", "ms": 357423667048.8556 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-01T03:12:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-30T18:12:06Z", "ms": 357502326242.0843 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-04-30T05:09:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-29T20:09:38Z", "ms": 357422978124.5895 }, "end": { "local": "1981-04-30T05:09:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-29T20:09:38Z", "ms": 357422978124.5895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-01T05:08:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-30T20:08:34Z", "ms": 357509314425.1114 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-01T05:08:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-04-30T20:08:34Z", "ms": 357509314425.1114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:21 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:12 on Fri 1 May.", "fact": "1981-04-29T20:21:07Z → 1981-04-30T18:12:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:10 on the 30th and 05:09 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 689 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Thursday 30 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:21 on Thu 30 Apr to 03:12 on Fri 1 May, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3226, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T00:22:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-01T15:22:13Z", "ms": 357578533320.6456 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-02T20:59:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T11:59:52Z", "ms": 357652791784.8772 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T00:22:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-01T15:22:13Z", "ms": 357578533320.6456 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-02T20:59:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T11:59:52Z", "ms": 357652791784.8772 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-01T18:42:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-01T09:42:09Z", "ms": 357558129296.1995 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-01T20:05:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-01T11:05:32Z", "ms": 357563132297.78986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T18:42:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T09:42:57Z", "ms": 357644577459.44196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-02T20:06:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T11:06:06Z", "ms": 357649565837.8556 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Sat 2 May to 21:00 on Sat 2 May.", "fact": "1981-05-01T15:22:13Z → 1981-05-02T11:59:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:06 on the 1st, 18:43–20:06 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 1st and 83 of 83 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3226 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Saturday 2 May. Trayodaśī runs from 00:22 on Sat 2 May to 21:00 on Sat 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-05-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T20:59:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T11:59:52Z", "ms": 357652791784.8772 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-03T17:15:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-03T08:15:08Z", "ms": 357725708258.6358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T20:59:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T11:59:52Z", "ms": 357652791784.8772 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-03T17:15:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-03T08:15:08Z", "ms": 357725708258.6358 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-02T23:30:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T14:30:44Z", "ms": 357661843878.493 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-03T00:18:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-02T15:18:44Z", "ms": 357664723878.493 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-03T23:30:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-03T14:30:38Z", "ms": 357748237762.06555 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-04T00:18:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-03T15:18:38Z", "ms": 357751117762.06555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:00 on Sat 2 May to 17:15 on Sun 3 May.", "fact": "1981-05-02T11:59:52Z → 1981-05-03T08:15:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:31–00:19 on the 2nd, 23:31–00:19 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Saturday 2 May. Caturdaśī runs from 21:00 on Sat 2 May to 17:15 on Sun 3 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-05-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2163, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T05:39:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z", "ms": 357943176116.2125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T05:39:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z", "ms": 357943176116.2125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T05:03:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T20:03:33Z", "ms": 357941012623.27747 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-06T09:37:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T00:37:45Z", "ms": 357957465003.24 } }, "covered_min": 238, "window_min": 274, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T05:02:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T20:02:36Z", "ms": 358027355754.6576 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T09:37:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T00:37:23Z", "ms": 358043843050.29865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 275, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:40 on Wed 6 May to 02:18 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z → 1981-05-06T17:18:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:04–09:38 on the 6th, 05:03–09:37 on the 7th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 238 of 274 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 275 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2163 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1981 falls on Wednesday 6 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:40 on Wed 6 May to 02:18 on Thu 7 May and covers 238 of 274 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T05:39:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z", "ms": 357943176116.2125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T05:39:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z", "ms": 357943176116.2125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-05T18:45:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T09:45:22Z", "ms": 357903921782.5418 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-05T20:07:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-05T11:07:47Z", "ms": 357908867227.9732 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-06T18:46:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T09:46:10Z", "ms": 357990369763.165 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-06T20:08:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T11:08:21Z", "ms": 357995301228.6973 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:40 on Wed 6 May to 02:18 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1981-05-05T20:39:36Z → 1981-05-06T17:18:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:08 on the 5th, 18:46–20:08 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 82 minutes on the 5th and 82 of 82 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1981 falls on Wednesday 6 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:40 on Wed 6 May to 02:18 on Thu 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-05-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33147, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T23:29:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T14:29:22Z", "ms": 358093762151.16986 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T02:18:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z", "ms": 358017499447.8388 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T23:29:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T14:29:22Z", "ms": 358093762151.16986 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T11:30:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T02:30:47Z", "ms": 358050646698.1192 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T12:18:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T03:18:47Z", "ms": 358053526698.1192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-08T11:30:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T02:30:43Z", "ms": 358137042747.09985 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-08T12:18:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T03:18:43Z", "ms": 358139922747.09985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:18 on Thu 7 May to 23:29 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1981-05-06T17:18:19Z → 1981-05-07T14:29:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 7th, 11:31–12:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33147 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Thursday 7 May. Caturthī runs from 02:18 on Thu 7 May to 23:29 on Thu 7 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T23:29:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T14:29:22Z", "ms": 358093762151.16986 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-08T21:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T12:20:37Z", "ms": 358172436836.14996 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T23:29:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T14:29:22Z", "ms": 358093762151.16986 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-08T21:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T12:20:37Z", "ms": 358172436836.14996 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-07T11:30:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T02:30:47Z", "ms": 358050646698.1192 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-07T12:18:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-07T03:18:47Z", "ms": 358053526698.1192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-08T11:30:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T02:30:43Z", "ms": 358137042747.09985 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-08T12:18:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-08T03:18:43Z", "ms": 358139922747.09985 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 23:29 on Thu 7 May to 21:21 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1981-05-07T14:29:22Z → 1981-05-08T12:20:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 7th, 11:31–12:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1981 falls on Friday 8 May. Pañcamī runs from 23:29 on Thu 7 May to 21:21 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25399, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-09T19:57:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-09T10:57:24Z", "ms": 358253844310.2676 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-10T19:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-10T10:21:56Z", "ms": 358338115869.4165 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-09T19:57:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-09T10:57:24Z", "ms": 358253844310.2676 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-10T19:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-10T10:21:56Z", "ms": 358338115869.4165 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-09T11:30:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-09T02:30:39Z", "ms": 358223439339.9198 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-09T12:18:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-09T03:18:39Z", "ms": 358226319339.9198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-10T11:30:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-10T02:30:36Z", "ms": 358309836476.9612 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-10T12:18:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-10T03:18:36Z", "ms": 358312716476.9612 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:57 on Sat 9 May to 19:22 on Sun 10 May.", "fact": "1981-05-09T10:57:24Z → 1981-05-10T10:21:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 9th, 11:31–12:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25399 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1981 falls on Sunday 10 May. Saptamī runs from 19:57 on Sat 9 May to 19:22 on Sun 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-13T21:52:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-13T12:52:56Z", "ms": 358606375683.9335 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-13T21:52:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-13T12:52:56Z", "ms": 358606375683.9335 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-14T04:56:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-13T19:56:33Z", "ms": 358631792966.6299 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-14T04:56:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-13T19:56:33Z", "ms": 358631792966.6299 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-15T04:55:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T19:55:46Z", "ms": 358718146464.2759 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-15T04:55:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T19:55:46Z", "ms": 358718146464.2759 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Wed 13 May to 23:46 on Thu 14 May.", "fact": "1981-05-13T12:52:56Z → 1981-05-14T14:46:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:57 on the 14th and 04:56 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Thursday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Wed 13 May to 23:46 on Thu 14 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-15T11:30:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T02:30:30Z", "ms": 358741830355.9761 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-15T12:18:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T03:18:30Z", "ms": 358744710355.9761 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T11:30:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T02:30:31Z", "ms": 358828230774.8633 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T12:18:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T03:18:31Z", "ms": 358831110774.8633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:46 on Thu 14 May to 01:57 on Sat 16 May.", "fact": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z → 1981-05-15T16:56:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 15th, 11:31–12:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Friday 15 May. Dvādaśī runs from 23:46 on Thu 14 May to 01:57 on Sat 16 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-14T23:46:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z", "ms": 358699573655.84125 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-15T11:30:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T02:30:30Z", "ms": 358741830355.9761 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-15T12:18:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T03:18:30Z", "ms": 358744710355.9761 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T11:30:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T02:30:31Z", "ms": 358828230774.8633 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T12:18:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T03:18:31Z", "ms": 358831110774.8633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:46 on Thu 14 May to 01:57 on Sat 16 May.", "fact": "1981-05-14T14:46:14Z → 1981-05-15T16:56:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 15th, 11:31–12:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Friday 15 May. Dvādaśī runs from 23:46 on Thu 14 May to 01:57 on Sat 16 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-17T04:17:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T19:17:16Z", "ms": 358888636380.0035 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T01:56:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z", "ms": 358793813614.6534 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-17T04:17:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T19:17:16Z", "ms": 358888636380.0035 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-15T18:53:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T09:53:14Z", "ms": 358768394247.6762 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-15T20:13:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-15T11:13:29Z", "ms": 358773208529.6777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T18:54:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T09:54:00Z", "ms": 358854840187.0394 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T20:14:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T11:14:03Z", "ms": 358859642519.97235 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:57 on Sat 16 May to 04:17 on Sun 17 May.", "fact": "1981-05-15T16:56:54Z → 1981-05-16T19:17:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:13 on the 15th, 18:54–20:14 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 15th and 80 of 80 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Saturday 16 May. Trayodaśī runs from 01:57 on Sat 16 May to 04:17 on Sun 17 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28994, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-17T04:17:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T19:17:16Z", "ms": 358888636380.0035 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-17T04:17:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T19:17:16Z", "ms": 358888636380.0035 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-16T18:54:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T09:54:00Z", "ms": 358854840187.0394 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-16T20:14:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-16T11:14:03Z", "ms": 358859642519.97235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-17T18:54:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T09:54:46Z", "ms": 358941285798.1832 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-17T20:14:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T11:14:36Z", "ms": 358946076418.41565 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:17 on Sun 17 May to 06:41 on Mon 18 May.", "fact": "1981-05-16T19:17:16Z → 1981-05-17T21:41:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:14 on the 16th, 18:55–20:15 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 16th and 80 of 80 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28994 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1981 falls on Sunday 17 May. Caturdaśī runs from 04:17 on Sun 17 May to 06:41 on Mon 18 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T09:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T00:03:35Z", "ms": 359078614902.99506 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T09:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T00:03:35Z", "ms": 359078614902.99506 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T11:30:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-18T02:30:33Z", "ms": 359001033253.4863 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-18T12:18:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-18T03:18:33Z", "ms": 359003913253.4863 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-19T11:30:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T02:30:35Z", "ms": 359087435310.11194 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T12:18:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T03:18:35Z", "ms": 359090315310.11194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Mon 18 May to 09:04 on Tue 19 May.", "fact": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z → 1981-05-19T00:03:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 18th, 11:31–12:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Osaka, 1981: Monday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1981 falls on Monday 18 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Mon 18 May to 09:04 on Tue 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T09:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T00:03:35Z", "ms": 359078614902.99506 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T06:41:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z", "ms": 358983668667.4497 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T09:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T00:03:35Z", "ms": 359078614902.99506 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-18T11:30:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-18T02:30:33Z", "ms": 359001033253.4863 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-18T12:18:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-18T03:18:33Z", "ms": 359003913253.4863 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-19T11:30:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T02:30:35Z", "ms": 359087435310.11194 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-19T12:18:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-19T03:18:35Z", "ms": 359090315310.11194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Mon 18 May to 09:04 on Tue 19 May.", "fact": "1981-05-17T21:41:09Z → 1981-05-19T00:03:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 18th, 11:31–12:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 18 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:41 on Mon 18 May to 09:04 on Tue 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-05-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20620, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-22T15:19:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-22T06:19:33Z", "ms": 359360373240.8377 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-23T16:51:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-23T07:51:16Z", "ms": 359452276358.73816 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-22T15:19:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-22T06:19:33Z", "ms": 359360373240.8377 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-23T16:51:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-23T07:51:16Z", "ms": 359452276358.73816 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-22T21:46:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-22T12:46:03Z", "ms": 359383562953.9592 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-22T21:46:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-22T12:46:03Z", "ms": 359383562953.9592 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-23T22:34:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-23T13:34:57Z", "ms": 359472896712.317 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-23T22:34:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-23T13:34:57Z", "ms": 359472896712.317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:20 on Fri 22 May to 16:51 on Sat 23 May.", "fact": "1981-05-22T06:19:33Z → 1981-05-23T07:51:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:46 on the 22nd and 22:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20620 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Friday 22 May. Caturthī runs from 15:20 on Fri 22 May to 16:51 on Sat 23 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-05-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-29T13:43:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-29T04:43:42Z", "ms": 359959422412.1719 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-30T10:54:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T01:54:46Z", "ms": 360035686264.41327 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-29T13:43:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-29T04:43:42Z", "ms": 359959422412.1719 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-30T10:54:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T01:54:46Z", "ms": 360035686264.41327 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-29T04:47:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-28T19:47:32Z", "ms": 359927251644.62585 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-29T04:47:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-28T19:47:32Z", "ms": 359927251644.62585 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-30T04:47:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-29T19:47:08Z", "ms": 360013628133.2325 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-30T04:47:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-29T19:47:08Z", "ms": 360013628133.2325 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:44 on Fri 29 May to 10:55 on Sat 30 May.", "fact": "1981-05-29T04:43:42Z → 1981-05-30T01:54:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:48 on the 29th and 04:47 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 30 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Aparā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Saturday 30 May. Ekādaśī runs from 13:44 on Fri 29 May to 10:55 on Sat 30 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-05-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-05-31T07:37:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T22:37:36Z", "ms": 360110256475.55414 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-01T04:01:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T19:01:13Z", "ms": 360183673205.97363 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-05-31T07:37:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T22:37:36Z", "ms": 360110256475.55414 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-01T04:01:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T19:01:13Z", "ms": 360183673205.97363 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-30T19:03:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T10:03:57Z", "ms": 360065036779.20917 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-30T20:21:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-30T11:21:39Z", "ms": 360069699376.6002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-31T19:04:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T10:04:35Z", "ms": 360151474861.7194 }, "end": { "local": "1981-05-31T20:22:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T11:22:10Z", "ms": 360156129683.66016 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:38 on Sun 31 May to 04:01 on Mon 1 Jun.", "fact": "1981-05-30T22:37:36Z → 1981-05-31T19:01:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:22 on the 30th, 19:05–20:22 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 30th and 78 of 78 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 31 May. Trayodaśī runs from 07:38 on Sun 31 May to 04:01 on Mon 1 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-05-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-06-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 238, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-01T04:01:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T19:01:13Z", "ms": 360183673205.97363 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-02T00:15:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-01T15:15:42Z", "ms": 360256541959.85 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-01T04:01:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T19:01:13Z", "ms": 360183673205.97363 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-02T00:15:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-01T15:15:42Z", "ms": 360256541959.85 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-05-31T23:31:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T14:31:30Z", "ms": 360167490443.9972 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-01T00:19:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-05-31T15:19:30Z", "ms": 360170370443.9972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-01T23:31:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-01T14:31:40Z", "ms": 360253899791.8368 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-02T00:19:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-01T15:19:40Z", "ms": 360256779791.8368 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:01 on Mon 1 Jun to 00:16 on Tue 2 Jun.", "fact": "1981-05-31T19:01:13Z → 1981-06-01T15:15:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:32–00:20 on the 31st, 23:32–00:20 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 44 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 238 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Monday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Monday 1 June. Caturdaśī runs from 04:01 on Mon 1 Jun to 00:16 on Tue 2 Jun and covers 44 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night. It is 3 min 58 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-06-04T13:50:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-04T04:50:52Z", "ms": 360478251773.92346 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:13:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:13:48Z", "ms": 360555228294.4469 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-04T13:50:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-04T04:50:52Z", "ms": 360478251773.92346 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:13:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:13:48Z", "ms": 360555228294.4469 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-04T11:32:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-04T02:32:17Z", "ms": 360469936998.6142 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-04T12:20:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-04T03:20:17Z", "ms": 360472816998.6142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:32:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:32:27Z", "ms": 360556347000.84094 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-05T12:20:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T03:20:27Z", "ms": 360559227000.84094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:51 on Thu 4 Jun to 11:14 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-04T04:50:52Z → 1981-06-05T02:13:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 4th, 11:32–12:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Osaka, 1981: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1981 falls on Friday 5 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:51 on Thu 4 Jun to 11:14 on Fri 5 Jun, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-06-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:13:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:13:48Z", "ms": 360555228294.4469 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-06T09:16:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T00:16:40Z", "ms": 360634600046.394 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:13:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:13:48Z", "ms": 360555228294.4469 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-06T09:16:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T00:16:40Z", "ms": 360634600046.394 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-05T11:32:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T02:32:27Z", "ms": 360556347000.84094 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-05T12:20:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-05T03:20:27Z", "ms": 360559227000.84094 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-06T11:32:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T02:32:37Z", "ms": 360642757314.18005 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-06T12:20:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T03:20:37Z", "ms": 360645637314.18005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:14 on Fri 5 Jun to 09:17 on Sat 6 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-05T02:13:48Z → 1981-06-06T00:16:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 5th, 11:33–12:21 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Friday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 11:14 on Fri 5 Jun to 09:17 on Sat 6 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12466, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T08:05:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z", "ms": 360716702311.4888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T07:41:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T22:41:30Z", "ms": 360801690136.3714 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T08:05:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z", "ms": 360716702311.4888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T07:41:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T22:41:30Z", "ms": 360801690136.3714 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T11:32:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T02:32:48Z", "ms": 360729167916.58276 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-07T12:20:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T03:20:48Z", "ms": 360732047916.58276 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-08T11:32:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-08T02:32:59Z", "ms": 360815578786.77844 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T12:20:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-08T03:20:59Z", "ms": 360818458786.77844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:05 on Sun 7 Jun to 07:42 on Mon 8 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z → 1981-06-07T22:41:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 7th, 11:33–12:21 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12466 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 7 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:05 on Sun 7 Jun to 07:42 on Mon 8 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12466, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T08:05:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z", "ms": 360716702311.4888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T07:41:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T22:41:30Z", "ms": 360801690136.3714 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T08:05:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z", "ms": 360716702311.4888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T07:41:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T22:41:30Z", "ms": 360801690136.3714 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-07T11:32:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T02:32:48Z", "ms": 360729167916.58276 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-07T12:20:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-07T03:20:48Z", "ms": 360732047916.58276 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-08T11:32:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-08T02:32:59Z", "ms": 360815578786.77844 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-08T12:20:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-08T03:20:59Z", "ms": 360818458786.77844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:05 on Sun 7 Jun to 07:42 on Mon 8 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-06T23:05:02Z → 1981-06-07T22:41:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 7th, 11:33–12:21 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12466 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Osaka, 1981: Sunday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1981 falls on Sunday 7 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:05 on Sun 7 Jun to 07:42 on Mon 8 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-06-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-12T12:57:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-12T03:57:32Z", "ms": 361166252488.30054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-13T15:17:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T06:17:15Z", "ms": 361261034614.17194 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-12T12:57:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-12T03:57:32Z", "ms": 361166252488.30054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-13T15:17:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T06:17:15Z", "ms": 361261034614.17194 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-12T04:44:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-11T19:44:31Z", "ms": 361136670810.2187 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-12T04:44:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-11T19:44:31Z", "ms": 361136670810.2187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-13T04:44:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-12T19:44:30Z", "ms": 361223069951.0498 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-13T04:44:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-12T19:44:30Z", "ms": 361223069951.0498 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:58 on Fri 12 Jun to 15:17 on Sat 13 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-12T03:57:32Z → 1981-06-13T06:17:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:45 on the 12th and 04:44 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Saturday 13 June. Ekādaśī runs from 12:58 on Fri 12 Jun to 15:17 on Sat 13 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-06-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10518, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-13T15:17:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T06:17:15Z", "ms": 361261034614.17194 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-14T17:41:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T08:41:10Z", "ms": 361356069912.9576 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-13T15:17:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T06:17:15Z", "ms": 361261034614.17194 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-14T17:41:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T08:41:10Z", "ms": 361356069912.9576 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-13T11:33:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T02:33:56Z", "ms": 361247636443.2618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-13T12:21:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-13T03:21:56Z", "ms": 361250516443.2618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-14T11:34:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T02:34:08Z", "ms": 361334048496.4074 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-14T12:22:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T03:22:08Z", "ms": 361336928496.4074 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 13 Jun to 17:41 on Sun 14 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-13T06:17:15Z → 1981-06-14T08:41:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 13th, 11:34–12:22 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10518 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 14 June. Dvādaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 13 Jun to 17:41 on Sun 14 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1649, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-14T17:41:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T08:41:10Z", "ms": 361356069912.9576 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-15T20:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-15T11:00:59Z", "ms": 361450858953.40735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-14T17:41:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T08:41:10Z", "ms": 361356069912.9576 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-15T20:00:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-15T11:00:59Z", "ms": 361450858953.40735 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-14T19:11:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T10:11:46Z", "ms": 361361506333.7264 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-14T20:28:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-14T11:28:09Z", "ms": 361366088545.57965 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-15T19:12:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-15T10:12:08Z", "ms": 361447928432.3337 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-15T20:28:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-15T11:28:28Z", "ms": 361452508205.2038 } }, "covered_min": 49, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:41 on Sun 14 Jun to 20:01 on Mon 15 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-14T08:41:10Z → 1981-06-15T11:00:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:12–20:28 on the 14th, 19:12–20:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 14th and 49 of 76 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1649 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 17:41 on Sun 14 Jun to 20:01 on Mon 15 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 49 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-06-16T22:10:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-16T13:10:18Z", "ms": 361545018192.15784 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-18T00:04:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-17T15:04:27Z", "ms": 361638267429.4124 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-16T22:10:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-16T13:10:18Z", "ms": 361545018192.15784 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-18T00:04:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-17T15:04:27Z", "ms": 361638267429.4124 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-16T19:12:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-16T10:12:29Z", "ms": 361534349204.83673 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-16T20:28:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-16T11:28:47Z", "ms": 361538926919.3813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-17T19:12:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-17T10:12:49Z", "ms": 361620768625.9432 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-17T20:29:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-17T11:29:05Z", "ms": 361625344664.203 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:10 on Tue 16 Jun to 00:04 on Thu 18 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-16T13:10:18Z → 1981-06-17T15:04:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:12–20:29 on the 16th, 19:13–20:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 16th and 76 of 76 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1981 falls on Wednesday 17 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:10 on Tue 16 Jun to 00:04 on Thu 18 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-06-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21799, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-21T03:43:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-20T18:43:49Z", "ms": 361910629455.0219 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-22T04:06:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-21T19:06:48Z", "ms": 361998407561.7021 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-21T03:43:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-20T18:43:49Z", "ms": 361910629455.0219 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-22T04:06:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-21T19:06:48Z", "ms": 361998407561.7021 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-20T21:20:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-20T12:20:05Z", "ms": 361887604902.3709 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-20T21:20:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-20T12:20:05Z", "ms": 361887604902.3709 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-21T22:03:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-21T13:03:28Z", "ms": 361976608354.2051 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-21T22:03:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-21T13:03:28Z", "ms": 361976608354.2051 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:44 on Sun 21 Jun to 04:07 on Mon 22 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-20T18:43:49Z → 1981-06-21T19:06:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:20 on the 20th and 22:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21799 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 21 June. Caturthī runs from 03:44 on Sun 21 Jun to 04:07 on Mon 22 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-06-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-27T19:40:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-27T10:40:24Z", "ms": 362486423847.2609 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-28T16:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-28T07:42:33Z", "ms": 362562152990.56976 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-27T19:40:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-27T10:40:24Z", "ms": 362486423847.2609 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-28T16:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-28T07:42:33Z", "ms": 362562152990.56976 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-28T04:47:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-27T19:47:17Z", "ms": 362519236582.4833 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-28T04:47:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-27T19:47:17Z", "ms": 362519236582.4833 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-29T04:47:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-28T19:47:39Z", "ms": 362605658756.36316 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-29T04:47:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-28T19:47:39Z", "ms": 362605658756.36316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 27 Jun to 16:43 on Sun 28 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-27T10:40:24Z → 1981-06-28T07:42:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:47 on the 28th and 04:48 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 28 June. Ekādaśī runs from 19:40 on Sat 27 Jun to 16:43 on Sun 28 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-06-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-29T13:31:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T04:31:34Z", "ms": 362637094303.12115 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-30T10:15:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T01:15:30Z", "ms": 362711729645.78217 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-29T13:31:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T04:31:34Z", "ms": 362637094303.12115 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-30T10:15:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T01:15:30Z", "ms": 362711729645.78217 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-29T19:14:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T10:14:48Z", "ms": 362657688359.93976 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-29T20:31:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T11:31:14Z", "ms": 362662274199.7465 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-30T19:14:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T10:14:48Z", "ms": 362744088313.74817 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-30T20:31:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T11:31:17Z", "ms": 362748677438.8293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:32 on Mon 29 Jun to 10:15 on Tue 30 Jun.", "fact": "1981-06-29T04:31:34Z → 1981-06-30T01:15:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:15–20:31 on the 29th, 19:15–20:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 76 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 29 June. Trayodaśī runs from 13:32 on Mon 29 Jun to 10:15 on Tue 30 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-06-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-06-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-06-30T10:15:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T01:15:30Z", "ms": 362711729645.78217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-01T07:03:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T22:03:01Z", "ms": 362786580685.9543 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-06-30T10:15:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T01:15:30Z", "ms": 362711729645.78217 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-01T07:03:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T22:03:01Z", "ms": 362786580685.9543 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-29T23:37:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T14:37:25Z", "ms": 362673445259.2151 }, "end": { "local": "1981-06-30T00:25:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-29T15:25:25Z", "ms": 362676325259.2151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-06-30T23:37:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T14:37:38Z", "ms": 362759857532.80225 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-01T00:25:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-06-30T15:25:38Z", "ms": 362762737532.80225 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:15 on Tue 30 Jun to 07:03 on Wed 1 Jul.", "fact": "1981-06-30T01:15:30Z → 1981-06-30T22:03:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 29th, 23:38–00:26 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Tuesday 30 June. Caturdaśī runs from 10:15 on Tue 30 Jun to 07:03 on Wed 1 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-06-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-03T01:24:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-02T16:24:37Z", "ms": 362939077470.83777 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-03T23:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-03T14:15:53Z", "ms": 363017752644.7174 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-03T01:24:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-02T16:24:37Z", "ms": 362939077470.83777 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-03T23:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-03T14:15:53Z", "ms": 363017752644.7174 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-03T11:37:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-03T02:37:58Z", "ms": 362975877860.98364 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-03T12:25:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-03T03:25:58Z", "ms": 362978757860.98364 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-04T11:38:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T02:38:09Z", "ms": 363062288510.4241 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-04T12:26:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T03:26:09Z", "ms": 363065168510.4241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 01:25 on Fri 3 Jul to 23:16 on Fri 3 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-02T16:24:37Z → 1981-07-03T14:15:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 3rd, 11:38–12:26 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Osaka, 1981: Friday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rathayātrā 1981 falls on Friday 3 July. Dvitīyā runs from 01:25 on Fri 3 Jul to 23:16 on Fri 3 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-07-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-04T21:43:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T12:43:58Z", "ms": 363098637822.06903 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-05T20:54:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T11:54:09Z", "ms": 363182049236.04224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-04T21:43:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T12:43:58Z", "ms": 363098637822.06903 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-05T20:54:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T11:54:09Z", "ms": 363182049236.04224 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-04T11:38:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T02:38:09Z", "ms": 363062288510.4241 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-04T12:26:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-04T03:26:09Z", "ms": 363065168510.4241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-05T11:38:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T02:38:19Z", "ms": 363148698838.3804 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-05T12:26:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T03:26:19Z", "ms": 363151578838.3804 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:44 on Sat 4 Jul to 20:54 on Sun 5 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-04T12:43:58Z → 1981-07-05T11:54:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 4th, 11:38–12:26 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30470 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 5 July. Caturthī runs from 21:44 on Sat 4 Jul to 20:54 on Sun 5 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-05T20:54:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T11:54:09Z", "ms": 363182049236.04224 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-06T20:49:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-06T11:49:07Z", "ms": 363268147222.3655 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-05T20:54:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T11:54:09Z", "ms": 363182049236.04224 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-06T20:49:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-06T11:49:07Z", "ms": 363268147222.3655 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-05T11:38:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T02:38:19Z", "ms": 363148698838.3804 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-05T12:26:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-05T03:26:19Z", "ms": 363151578838.3804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-06T11:38:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-06T02:38:29Z", "ms": 363235108821.9088 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-06T12:26:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-06T03:26:29Z", "ms": 363237988821.9088 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:54 on Sun 5 Jul to 20:49 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-05T11:54:09Z → 1981-07-06T11:49:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 5th, 11:38–12:26 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Skanda Pañcamī 1981 falls on Monday 6 July. Pañcamī runs from 20:54 on Sun 5 Jul to 20:49 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-07T21:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-07T12:28:15Z", "ms": 363356894926.3469 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-08T22:47:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-08T13:47:14Z", "ms": 363448034084.8695 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-07T21:28:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-07T12:28:15Z", "ms": 363356894926.3469 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-08T22:47:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-08T13:47:14Z", "ms": 363448034084.8695 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-07T11:38:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-07T02:38:38Z", "ms": 363321518439.7261 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-07T12:26:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-07T03:26:38Z", "ms": 363324398439.7261 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-08T11:38:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-08T02:38:48Z", "ms": 363407927672.0907 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-08T12:26:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-08T03:26:48Z", "ms": 363410807672.0907 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:28 on Tue 7 Jul to 22:47 on Wed 8 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-07T12:28:15Z → 1981-07-08T13:47:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 7th, 11:39–12:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vivasvat Saptamī 1981 falls on Wednesday 8 July. Saptamī runs from 21:28 on Tue 7 Jul to 22:47 on Wed 8 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-07-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1089, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-12T05:12:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-11T20:12:13Z", "ms": 363730333292.03796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-13T07:31:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-12T22:31:27Z", "ms": 363825087316.67865 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-12T05:12:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-11T20:12:13Z", "ms": 363730333292.03796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-13T07:31:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-12T22:31:27Z", "ms": 363825087316.67865 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-12T04:54:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-11T19:54:04Z", "ms": 363729243959.5805 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-12T04:54:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-11T19:54:04Z", "ms": 363729243959.5805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-13T04:54:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-12T19:54:40Z", "ms": 363815679902.47723 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-13T04:54:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-12T19:54:40Z", "ms": 363815679902.47723 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:12 on Sun 12 Jul to 07:31 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-11T20:12:13Z → 1981-07-12T22:31:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:54 on the 12th and 04:55 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1089 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Monday 13 July. Ekādaśī runs from 05:12 on Sun 12 Jul to 07:31 on Mon 13 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-07-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-14T09:38:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-14T00:38:05Z", "ms": 363919085335.43713 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-15T11:24:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T02:24:27Z", "ms": 364011866686.38385 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-14T09:38:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-14T00:38:05Z", "ms": 363919085335.43713 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-15T11:24:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T02:24:27Z", "ms": 364011866686.38385 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-14T19:11:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-14T10:11:52Z", "ms": 363953511500.1875 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-14T20:29:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-14T11:29:44Z", "ms": 363958183819.8805 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-15T19:11:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T10:11:26Z", "ms": 364039886337.53906 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-15T20:29:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T11:29:27Z", "ms": 364044567077.1974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:38 on Tue 14 Jul to 11:24 on Wed 15 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-14T00:38:05Z → 1981-07-15T02:24:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:12–20:30 on the 14th, 19:11–20:29 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 78 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Tuesday 14 July. Trayodaśī runs from 09:38 on Tue 14 Jul to 11:24 on Wed 15 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T16:20:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T07:20:06Z", "ms": 364116005999.1567 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-16T19:11:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T10:11:00Z", "ms": 364126259527.70166 } }, "covered_min": 171, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-17T16:19:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T07:19:51Z", "ms": 364202390964.9976 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T19:10:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T10:10:31Z", "ms": 364212631083.8888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z → 1981-07-17T04:38:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:20–19:11 on the 16th, 16:20–19:11 on the 17th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 171 of 171 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 171 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kokilā Vrata 1981 falls on Thursday 16 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19902, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T19:11:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T10:11:00Z", "ms": 364126259527.70166 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-16T20:29:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T11:29:09Z", "ms": 364130948989.2658 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-17T19:10:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T10:10:31Z", "ms": 364212631083.8888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T20:28:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T11:28:50Z", "ms": 364217329563.4666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z → 1981-07-17T04:38:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:11–20:29 on the 16th, 19:11–20:29 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 78 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 78 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19902 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śiva Śayanotsava 1981 falls on Thursday 16 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17887, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T04:56:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T19:56:32Z", "ms": 364074991884.9766 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-16T07:47:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-15T22:47:25Z", "ms": 364085245413.5216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-17T04:57:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T19:57:10Z", "ms": 364161430489.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T07:47:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T22:47:51Z", "ms": 364171670608.3241 } }, "covered_min": 171, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z → 1981-07-17T04:38:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:57–07:47 on the 16th, 04:57–07:48 on the 17th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 171 minutes on the 16th and 171 of 171 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17887 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Osaka, 1981: Friday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vyāsa Pūjā 1981 falls on Friday 17 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z", "ms": 364103132563.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T13:38:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T04:38:49Z", "ms": 364192729254.3843 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-16T11:39:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T02:39:46Z", "ms": 364099185706.3391 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-16T12:27:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-16T03:27:46Z", "ms": 364102065706.3391 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-17T11:39:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T02:39:51Z", "ms": 364185590786.6609 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-17T12:27:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-17T03:27:51Z", "ms": 364188470786.6609 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-16T03:45:33Z → 1981-07-17T04:38:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 16th, 11:40–12:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Osaka, 1981: Friday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Guru Pūrṇimā 1981 falls on Friday 17 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:46 on Thu 16 Jul to 13:39 on Fri 17 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21517, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-07-18T14:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-18T05:03:35Z", "ms": 364280615373.0386 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-19T14:00:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-19T05:00:26Z", "ms": 364366825869.55554 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-18T14:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-18T05:03:35Z", "ms": 364280615373.0386 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-19T14:00:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-19T05:00:26Z", "ms": 364366825869.55554 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-18T20:02:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-18T11:02:12Z", "ms": 364302131945.9434 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-18T20:02:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-18T11:02:12Z", "ms": 364302131945.9434 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-19T20:43:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-19T11:43:54Z", "ms": 364391033742.9327 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-19T20:43:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-19T11:43:54Z", "ms": 364391033742.9327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:04 on Sat 18 Jul to 14:00 on Sun 19 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-18T05:03:35Z → 1981-07-19T05:00:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:02 on the 18th and 20:44 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21517 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Osaka, 1981: Saturday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1981 falls on Saturday 18 July. Dvitīyā runs from 14:04 on Sat 18 Jul to 14:00 on Sun 19 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-07-20", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28302, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-20T13:30:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-20T04:30:41Z", "ms": 364451441364.97534 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-21T12:36:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-21T03:36:07Z", "ms": 364534566888.55975 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-20T13:30:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-20T04:30:41Z", "ms": 364451441364.97534 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-21T12:36:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-21T03:36:07Z", "ms": 364534566888.55975 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-20T21:22:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-20T12:22:23Z", "ms": 364479743470.2157 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-20T21:22:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-20T12:22:23Z", "ms": 364479743470.2157 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-21T21:58:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-21T12:58:33Z", "ms": 364568313445.35675 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-21T21:58:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-21T12:58:33Z", "ms": 364568313445.35675 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:31 on Mon 20 Jul to 12:36 on Tue 21 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-20T04:30:41Z → 1981-07-21T03:36:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:22 on the 20th and 21:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28302 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Monday 20 July. Caturthī runs from 13:31 on Mon 20 Jul to 12:36 on Tue 21 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-07-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-27T00:35:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-26T15:35:38Z", "ms": 365009738348.60425 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-27T21:59:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-27T12:59:34Z", "ms": 365086773837.5726 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-27T00:35:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-26T15:35:38Z", "ms": 365009738348.60425 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-27T21:59:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-27T12:59:34Z", "ms": 365086773837.5726 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-27T05:04:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-26T20:04:04Z", "ms": 365025844112.4073 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-27T05:04:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-26T20:04:04Z", "ms": 365025844112.4073 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-28T05:04:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-27T20:04:48Z", "ms": 365112287611.8019 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-28T05:04:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-27T20:04:48Z", "ms": 365112287611.8019 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:36 on Mon 27 Jul to 22:00 on Mon 27 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-26T15:35:38Z → 1981-07-27T12:59:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:04 on the 27th and 05:05 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Monday 27 July. Ekādaśī runs from 00:36 on Mon 27 Jul to 22:00 on Mon 27 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-07-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-28T19:25:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-28T10:25:06Z", "ms": 365163905502.4758 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-29T16:58:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T07:58:05Z", "ms": 365241485342.8578 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-28T19:25:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-28T10:25:06Z", "ms": 365163905502.4758 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-29T16:58:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T07:58:05Z", "ms": 365241485342.8578 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-28T19:03:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-28T10:03:35Z", "ms": 365162614990.70447 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-28T20:23:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-28T11:23:51Z", "ms": 365167430509.52246 } }, "covered_min": 59, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-29T19:02:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T10:02:48Z", "ms": 365248968236.5434 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-29T20:23:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T11:23:16Z", "ms": 365253795857.1967 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:25 on Tue 28 Jul to 16:58 on Wed 29 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-28T10:25:06Z → 1981-07-29T07:58:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:04–20:24 on the 28th, 19:03–20:23 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 59 of 80 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 80 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Tuesday 28 July. Trayodaśī runs from 19:25 on Tue 28 Jul to 16:58 on Wed 29 Jul and covers 59 of 80 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-07-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-07-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-07-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-07-29T16:58:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T07:58:05Z", "ms": 365241485342.8578 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-30T14:44:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-30T05:44:52Z", "ms": 365319892038.3763 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-07-29T16:58:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T07:58:05Z", "ms": 365241485342.8578 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-30T14:44:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-30T05:44:52Z", "ms": 365319892038.3763 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-29T23:40:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T14:40:32Z", "ms": 365265631813.9934 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-30T00:28:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-29T15:28:32Z", "ms": 365268511813.9934 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-07-30T23:40:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-30T14:40:30Z", "ms": 365352029839.9888 }, "end": { "local": "1981-07-31T00:28:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-07-30T15:28:30Z", "ms": 365354909839.9888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:58 on Wed 29 Jul to 14:45 on Thu 30 Jul.", "fact": "1981-07-29T07:58:05Z → 1981-07-30T05:44:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:41–00:29 on the 29th, 23:40–00:28 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 29 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-07-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Wednesday 29 July. Caturdaśī runs from 16:58 on Wed 29 Jul to 14:45 on Thu 30 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-07-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4084, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-02T10:31:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-02T01:31:54Z", "ms": 365563913761.8899 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-03T10:15:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T01:15:00Z", "ms": 365649299747.0924 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-02T10:31:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-02T01:31:54Z", "ms": 365563913761.8899 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-03T10:15:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T01:15:00Z", "ms": 365649299747.0924 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-02T11:39:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-02T02:39:58Z", "ms": 365567997913.29016 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-02T12:27:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-02T03:27:58Z", "ms": 365570877913.29016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-03T11:39:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T02:39:53Z", "ms": 365654393430.9978 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-03T12:27:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T03:27:53Z", "ms": 365657273430.9978 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 10:32 on Sun 2 Aug to 10:15 on Mon 3 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-02T01:31:54Z → 1981-08-03T01:15:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 2nd, 11:40–12:28 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4084 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1981 falls on Sunday 2 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 10:32 on Sun 2 Aug to 10:15 on Mon 3 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-08-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-03T10:15:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T01:15:00Z", "ms": 365649299747.0924 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-04T10:37:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T01:37:25Z", "ms": 365737045011.0882 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-03T10:15:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T01:15:00Z", "ms": 365649299747.0924 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-04T10:37:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T01:37:25Z", "ms": 365737045011.0882 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-03T11:39:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T02:39:53Z", "ms": 365654393430.9978 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-03T12:27:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-03T03:27:53Z", "ms": 365657273430.9978 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-04T11:39:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T02:39:48Z", "ms": 365740788339.4409 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-04T12:27:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T03:27:48Z", "ms": 365743668339.4409 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:15 on Mon 3 Aug to 10:37 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-03T01:15:00Z → 1981-08-04T01:37:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 3rd, 11:40–12:28 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Monday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 10:15 on Mon 3 Aug to 10:37 on Tue 4 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 62, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-04T10:37:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T01:37:25Z", "ms": 365737045011.0882 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-05T11:38:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-05T02:38:41Z", "ms": 365827120732.7763 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-04T10:37:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T01:37:25Z", "ms": 365737045011.0882 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-05T11:38:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-05T02:38:41Z", "ms": 365827120732.7763 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-04T11:39:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T02:39:48Z", "ms": 365740788339.4409 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-04T12:27:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-04T03:27:48Z", "ms": 365743668339.4409 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-05T11:39:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-05T02:39:43Z", "ms": 365827182638.4158 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-05T12:27:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-05T03:27:43Z", "ms": 365830062638.4158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:37 on Tue 4 Aug to 11:39 on Wed 5 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-04T01:37:25Z → 1981-08-05T02:38:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 4th, 11:40–12:28 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 62 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Nāga Pañcamī 1981 falls on Tuesday 4 August. Pañcamī runs from 10:37 on Tue 4 Aug to 11:39 on Wed 5 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 1 min 02 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-08-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-10T22:09:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-10T13:09:39Z", "ms": 366296979396.62054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-11T23:58:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T14:58:49Z", "ms": 366389928715.32263 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-10T22:09:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-10T13:09:39Z", "ms": 366296979396.62054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-11T23:58:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T14:58:49Z", "ms": 366389928715.32263 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-11T05:15:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-10T20:15:13Z", "ms": 366322512520.89264 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-11T05:15:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-10T20:15:13Z", "ms": 366322512520.89264 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-12T05:15:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T20:15:57Z", "ms": 366408957413.83124 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-12T05:15:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T20:15:57Z", "ms": 366408957413.83124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:10 on Mon 10 Aug to 23:59 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-10T13:09:39Z → 1981-08-11T14:58:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:15 on the 11th and 05:16 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Putradā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Ekādaśī runs from 22:10 on Mon 10 Aug to 23:59 on Tue 11 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-11T23:58:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T14:58:49Z", "ms": 366389928715.32263 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-13T01:17:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T16:17:19Z", "ms": 366481039001.4711 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-11T23:58:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-11T14:58:49Z", "ms": 366389928715.32263 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-13T01:17:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T16:17:19Z", "ms": 366481039001.4711 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-12T11:38:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T02:38:46Z", "ms": 366431925936.18896 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-12T12:26:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T03:26:46Z", "ms": 366434805936.18896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-13T11:38:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T02:38:36Z", "ms": 366518315511.3418 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-13T12:26:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T03:26:36Z", "ms": 366521195511.3418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:59 on Tue 11 Aug to 01:17 on Thu 13 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-11T14:58:49Z → 1981-08-12T16:17:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 12th, 11:39–12:27 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37277 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Wednesday 12 August. Dvādaśī runs from 23:59 on Tue 11 Aug to 01:17 on Thu 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-08-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-13T01:17:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T16:17:19Z", "ms": 366481039001.4711 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-14T02:00:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T17:00:14Z", "ms": 366570014091.72876 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-13T01:17:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T16:17:19Z", "ms": 366481039001.4711 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-14T02:00:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T17:00:14Z", "ms": 366570014091.72876 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-12T18:49:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T09:49:34Z", "ms": 366457774458.54663 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-12T20:13:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-12T11:13:11Z", "ms": 366462791498.80005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-13T18:48:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T09:48:29Z", "ms": 366544108762.2363 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-13T20:12:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-13T11:12:21Z", "ms": 366549140534.2815 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:17 on Thu 13 Aug to 02:00 on Fri 14 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-12T16:17:19Z → 1981-08-13T17:00:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:13 on the 12th, 18:48–20:12 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 12th and 84 of 84 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18248 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Thursday 13 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:17 on Thu 13 Aug to 02:00 on Fri 14 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-08-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13339, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T02:06:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-14T17:06:09Z", "ms": 366656769467.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T01:36:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T16:36:37Z", "ms": 366741397298.87384 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T13:55:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T04:55:38Z", "ms": 366699337931.54834 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T01:36:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T16:36:37Z", "ms": 366741397298.87384 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T05:18:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-14T20:18:12Z", "ms": 366668291783.82324 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T05:18:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T20:18:56Z", "ms": 366754736449.58044 } }, "covered_min": 701, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-16T05:18:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T20:18:56Z", "ms": 366754736449.58044 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-17T05:19:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T20:19:41Z", "ms": 366841181046.927 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:06 on Sat 15 Aug to 01:37 on Sun 16 Aug. Its second half begins at 13:56 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-14T17:06:09Z → 1981-08-15T16:36:37Z · second half from 1981-08-15T04:55:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:18 on the 15th, and from 05:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 701 of 1441 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 1441 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13339 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1981 falls on Saturday 15 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 13:56 on Sat 15 Aug to 01:37 on Sun 16 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T02:06:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-14T17:06:09Z", "ms": 366656769467.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T01:36:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T16:36:37Z", "ms": 366741397298.87384 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T02:06:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-14T17:06:09Z", "ms": 366656769467.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T01:36:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T16:36:37Z", "ms": 366741397298.87384 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-15T11:38:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T02:38:13Z", "ms": 366691093011.8895 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-15T12:26:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-15T03:26:13Z", "ms": 366693973011.8895 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-16T11:38:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T02:38:01Z", "ms": 366777480962.1323 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T12:26:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T03:26:01Z", "ms": 366780360962.1323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:06 on Sat 15 Aug to 01:37 on Sun 16 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-14T17:06:09Z → 1981-08-15T16:36:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 15th, 11:38–12:26 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1981 falls on Saturday 15 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:06 on Sat 15 Aug to 01:37 on Sun 16 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11325, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T00:35:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T15:35:19Z", "ms": 366824119214.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-17T23:07:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T14:07:19Z", "ms": 366905238745.8564 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T00:35:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T15:35:19Z", "ms": 366824119214.3267 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-17T23:07:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T14:07:19Z", "ms": 366905238745.8564 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-16T19:20:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T10:20:52Z", "ms": 366805251761.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-16T19:20:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-16T10:20:52Z", "ms": 366805251761.2988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T19:58:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T10:58:34Z", "ms": 366893913818.0501 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-17T19:58:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T10:58:34Z", "ms": 366893913818.0501 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 00:35 on Mon 17 Aug to 23:07 on Mon 17 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-16T15:35:19Z → 1981-08-17T14:07:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:21 on the 16th and 19:59 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11325 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 17 August. Dvitīyā runs from 00:35 on Mon 17 Aug to 23:07 on Mon 17 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T23:07:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T14:07:19Z", "ms": 366905238745.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T23:07:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T14:07:19Z", "ms": 366905238745.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-17T11:37:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T02:37:48Z", "ms": 366863868397.21497 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-17T12:25:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-17T03:25:48Z", "ms": 366866748397.21497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T11:37:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T02:37:35Z", "ms": 366950255331.74915 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-18T12:25:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T03:25:35Z", "ms": 366953135331.74915 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:07 on Mon 17 Aug to 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-17T14:07:19Z → 1981-08-18T12:18:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 17th, 11:38–12:26 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1981 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:07 on Mon 17 Aug to 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-08-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T19:14:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T10:14:14Z", "ms": 367064053604.26855 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T19:14:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T10:14:14Z", "ms": 367064053604.26855 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T20:34:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T11:34:33Z", "ms": 366982472678.78516 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-18T20:34:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T11:34:33Z", "ms": 366982472678.78516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-19T21:09:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T12:09:57Z", "ms": 367070996777.37573 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T21:09:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T12:09:57Z", "ms": 367070996777.37573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug to 19:14 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z → 1981-08-19T10:14:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:35 on the 18th and 21:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Caturthī runs from 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug to 19:14 on Wed 19 Aug, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1960, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T19:14:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T10:14:14Z", "ms": 367064053604.26855 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T21:18:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z", "ms": 366985099831.8458 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T19:14:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T10:14:14Z", "ms": 367064053604.26855 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-18T16:02:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T07:02:17Z", "ms": 366966137186.15094 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-18T18:42:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-18T09:42:45Z", "ms": 366975765089.08545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-19T16:01:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T07:01:29Z", "ms": 367052488830.29565 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-19T18:41:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-19T09:41:34Z", "ms": 367062093529.94727 } }, "covered_min": 160, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug to 19:14 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-18T12:18:20Z → 1981-08-19T10:14:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:02–18:43 on the 18th, 16:01–18:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 160 minutes on the 18th and 160 of 160 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1960 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Bahulā Caturthī 1981 falls on Wednesday 19 August. Caturthī runs from 21:18 on Tue 18 Aug to 19:14 on Wed 19 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-20T17:00:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-20T08:00:34Z", "ms": 367142433638.81696 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-21T14:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T05:42:19Z", "ms": 367220539318.8948 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-20T17:00:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-20T08:00:34Z", "ms": 367142433638.81696 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-21T14:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T05:42:19Z", "ms": 367220539318.8948 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-20T11:37:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-20T02:37:08Z", "ms": 367123027759.6677 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-20T12:25:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-20T03:25:08Z", "ms": 367125907759.6677 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-21T11:36:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T02:36:53Z", "ms": 367209413283.38196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-21T12:24:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T03:24:53Z", "ms": 367212293283.38196 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:01 on Thu 20 Aug to 14:42 on Fri 21 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-20T08:00:34Z → 1981-08-21T05:42:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 20th, 11:37–12:25 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1981 falls on Friday 21 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:01 on Thu 20 Aug to 14:42 on Fri 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35010, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-22T12:23:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T03:23:47Z", "ms": 367298627150.3977 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-23T10:08:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-23T01:08:30Z", "ms": 367376910033.1884 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-22T12:23:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T03:23:47Z", "ms": 367298627150.3977 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-23T10:08:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-23T01:08:30Z", "ms": 367376910033.1884 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-21T23:37:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T14:37:15Z", "ms": 367252635407.5121 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-22T00:25:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T15:25:15Z", "ms": 367255515407.5121 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-22T23:37:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T14:37:00Z", "ms": 367339020455.6501 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-23T00:25:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T15:25:00Z", "ms": 367341900455.6501 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:24 on Sat 22 Aug to 10:09 on Sun 23 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-22T03:23:47Z → 1981-08-23T01:08:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 21st, 23:37–00:25 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35010 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Janmāṣṭamī 1981 falls on Saturday 22 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:24 on Sat 22 Aug to 10:09 on Sun 23 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 51, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-21T14:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T05:42:19Z", "ms": 367220539318.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-22T12:23:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T03:23:47Z", "ms": 367298627150.3977 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-21T14:42:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T05:42:19Z", "ms": 367220539318.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-22T12:23:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T03:23:47Z", "ms": 367298627150.3977 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-21T11:36:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T02:36:53Z", "ms": 367209413283.38196 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-21T12:24:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-21T03:24:53Z", "ms": 367212293283.38196 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-22T11:36:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T02:36:38Z", "ms": 367295798366.5935 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-22T12:24:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-22T03:24:38Z", "ms": 367298678366.5935 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:42 on Fri 21 Aug to 12:24 on Sat 22 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-21T05:42:19Z → 1981-08-22T03:23:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 21st, 11:37–12:25 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 47 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 51 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śītalā Saptamī 1981 falls on Saturday 22 August. Saptamī runs from 14:42 on Fri 21 Aug to 12:24 on Sat 22 Aug and covers 47 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 0 min 51 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-08-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2007, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-25T05:59:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-24T20:59:02Z", "ms": 367534742357.5245 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-26T04:09:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-25T19:09:51Z", "ms": 367614591052.00726 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-25T05:59:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-24T20:59:02Z", "ms": 367534742357.5245 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-26T04:09:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-25T19:09:51Z", "ms": 367614591052.00726 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-25T05:25:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-24T20:25:35Z", "ms": 367532735302.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-25T05:25:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-24T20:25:35Z", "ms": 367532735302.5205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-26T05:26:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-25T20:26:19Z", "ms": 367619179258.8012 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-26T05:26:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-25T20:26:19Z", "ms": 367619179258.8012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:59 on Tue 25 Aug to 04:10 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-24T20:59:02Z → 1981-08-25T19:09:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:26 on the 25th and 05:26 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2007 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ajā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Ekādaśī runs from 05:59 on Tue 25 Aug to 04:10 on Wed 26 Aug, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-08-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-08-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19010, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-27T02:34:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-26T17:34:27Z", "ms": 367695267497.39154 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-27T02:34:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-26T17:34:27Z", "ms": 367695267497.39154 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-26T18:32:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-26T09:32:50Z", "ms": 367666369864.8894 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-26T20:00:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-26T11:00:04Z", "ms": 367671603634.3066 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-27T18:31:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T09:31:32Z", "ms": 367752692137.8251 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-27T19:59:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T10:59:02Z", "ms": 367757942110.07086 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:34 on Thu 27 Aug to 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-26T17:34:27Z → 1981-08-27T16:15:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:33–20:00 on the 26th, 18:32–19:59 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 26th and 87 of 87 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19010 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Thursday 27 August. Trayodaśī runs from 02:34 on Thu 27 Aug to 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-08-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T00:17:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T15:17:35Z", "ms": 367859855092.6528 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T00:17:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T15:17:35Z", "ms": 367859855092.6528 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-27T18:31:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T09:31:32Z", "ms": 367752692137.8251 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-27T19:59:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T10:59:02Z", "ms": 367757942110.07086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T18:30:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T09:30:14Z", "ms": 367839013758.8876 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-28T19:58:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T10:58:00Z", "ms": 367844280009.52246 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug to 00:18 on Sat 29 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z → 1981-08-28T15:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–19:59 on the 27th, 18:30–19:58 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 27th and 88 of 88 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Aghora Caturdaśī 1981 falls on Friday 28 August. Caturdaśī runs from 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug to 00:18 on Sat 29 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-08-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T00:17:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T15:17:35Z", "ms": 367859855092.6528 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T01:15:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z", "ms": 367776952548.84796 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T00:17:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T15:17:35Z", "ms": 367859855092.6528 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-27T23:35:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T14:35:40Z", "ms": 367770939533.7468 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-28T00:23:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-27T15:23:40Z", "ms": 367773819533.7468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-28T23:35:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T14:35:22Z", "ms": 367857322198.7684 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T00:23:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-28T15:23:22Z", "ms": 367860202198.7684 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug to 00:18 on Sat 29 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-27T16:15:53Z → 1981-08-28T15:17:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:36–00:24 on the 27th, 23:35–00:23 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 42 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Friday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Friday 28 August. Caturdaśī runs from 01:16 on Fri 28 Aug to 00:18 on Sat 29 Aug and covers 42 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-08-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40485, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-08-29T23:43:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-29T14:43:25Z", "ms": 367944204680.5984 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-30T23:37:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-30T14:37:10Z", "ms": 368030230044.1023 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-08-29T23:43:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-29T14:43:25Z", "ms": 367944204680.5984 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-30T23:37:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-30T14:37:10Z", "ms": 368030230044.1023 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-29T11:34:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-29T02:34:43Z", "ms": 367900482695.6633 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-29T12:22:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-29T03:22:43Z", "ms": 367903362695.6633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-08-30T11:34:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-30T02:34:25Z", "ms": 367986864702.18634 }, "end": { "local": "1981-08-30T12:22:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-30T03:22:25Z", "ms": 367989744702.18634 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:43 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:37 on Sun 30 Aug.", "fact": "1981-08-29T14:43:25Z → 1981-08-30T14:37:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 29th, 11:34–12:22 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 40485 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rudra Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 30 August. Pratipadā runs from 23:43 on Sat 29 Aug to 23:37 on Sun 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38023, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-09-01T00:02:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-31T15:02:03Z", "ms": 368118122533.92944 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-02T00:59:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T15:59:46Z", "ms": 368207985891.4933 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-01T00:02:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-08-31T15:02:03Z", "ms": 368118122533.92944 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-02T00:59:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T15:59:46Z", "ms": 368207985891.4933 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-01T11:33:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T02:33:48Z", "ms": 368159627729.35535 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-01T12:21:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T03:21:48Z", "ms": 368162507729.35535 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-02T11:33:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T02:33:29Z", "ms": 368246008776.6277 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-02T12:21:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T03:21:29Z", "ms": 368248888776.6277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:02 on Tue 1 Sep to 01:00 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "1981-08-31T15:02:03Z → 1981-09-01T15:59:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 1st, 11:33–12:21 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38023 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1981 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:02 on Tue 1 Sep to 01:00 on Wed 2 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32611, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-02T00:59:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T15:59:46Z", "ms": 368207985891.4933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-03T02:29:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T17:29:38Z", "ms": 368299778069.4927 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-02T00:59:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-01T15:59:46Z", "ms": 368207985891.4933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-03T02:29:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T17:29:38Z", "ms": 368299778069.4927 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-02T11:33:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T02:33:29Z", "ms": 368246008776.6277 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-02T12:21:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T03:21:29Z", "ms": 368248888776.6277 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-03T11:33:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T02:33:10Z", "ms": 368332389531.8177 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-03T12:21:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T03:21:10Z", "ms": 368335269531.8177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:00 on Wed 2 Sep to 02:30 on Thu 3 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-01T15:59:46Z → 1981-09-02T17:29:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 2nd, 11:33–12:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32611 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1981 falls on Wednesday 2 September. Caturthī runs from 01:00 on Wed 2 Sep to 02:30 on Thu 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25513, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-03T02:29:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T17:29:38Z", "ms": 368299778069.4927 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-04T04:27:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T19:27:37Z", "ms": 368393257437.3487 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-03T02:29:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-02T17:29:38Z", "ms": 368299778069.4927 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-04T04:27:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T19:27:37Z", "ms": 368393257437.3487 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-03T11:33:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T02:33:10Z", "ms": 368332389531.8177 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-03T12:21:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T03:21:10Z", "ms": 368335269531.8177 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-04T11:32:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T02:32:50Z", "ms": 368418770010.1929 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-04T12:20:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T03:20:50Z", "ms": 368421650010.1929 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:30 on Thu 3 Sep to 04:28 on Fri 4 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-02T17:29:38Z → 1981-09-03T19:27:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 3rd, 11:33–12:21 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 25513 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1981 falls on Thursday 3 September. Pañcamī runs from 02:30 on Thu 3 Sep to 04:28 on Fri 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-04T04:27:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T19:27:37Z", "ms": 368393257437.3487 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-05T06:45:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T21:45:53Z", "ms": 368487952691.1875 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-04T04:27:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-03T19:27:37Z", "ms": 368393257437.3487 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-05T06:45:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T21:45:53Z", "ms": 368487952691.1875 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-04T11:32:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T02:32:50Z", "ms": 368418770010.1929 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-04T12:20:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T03:20:50Z", "ms": 368421650010.1929 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-05T11:32:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-05T02:32:30Z", "ms": 368505150227.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-05T12:20:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-05T03:20:30Z", "ms": 368508030227.8415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:28 on Fri 4 Sep to 06:46 on Sat 5 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-03T19:27:37Z → 1981-09-04T21:45:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 4th, 11:33–12:21 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Osaka, 1981: Friday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1981 falls on Friday 4 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:28 on Fri 4 Sep to 06:46 on Sat 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-05T06:45:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T21:45:53Z", "ms": 368487952691.1875 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-06T09:12:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T00:12:58Z", "ms": 368583177767.79974 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-05T06:45:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-04T21:45:53Z", "ms": 368487952691.1875 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-06T09:12:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T00:12:58Z", "ms": 368583177767.79974 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-05T11:32:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-05T02:32:30Z", "ms": 368505150227.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-05T12:20:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-05T03:20:30Z", "ms": 368508030227.8415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-06T11:32:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T02:32:10Z", "ms": 368591530201.59454 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-06T12:20:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T03:20:10Z", "ms": 368594410201.59454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:46 on Sat 5 Sep to 09:13 on Sun 6 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-04T21:45:53Z → 1981-09-06T00:12:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 5th, 11:32–12:20 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1981 falls on Saturday 5 September. Saptamī runs from 06:46 on Sat 5 Sep to 09:13 on Sun 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 194, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-06T09:12:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T00:12:58Z", "ms": 368583177767.79974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-07T11:35:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-07T02:35:04Z", "ms": 368678103500.8203 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-06T09:12:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T00:12:58Z", "ms": 368583177767.79974 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-07T11:35:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-07T02:35:04Z", "ms": 368678103500.8203 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-06T11:32:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T02:32:10Z", "ms": 368591530201.59454 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-06T12:20:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-06T03:20:10Z", "ms": 368594410201.59454 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-07T11:31:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-07T02:31:50Z", "ms": 368677909948.99023 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-07T12:19:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-07T03:19:50Z", "ms": 368680789948.99023 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 09:13 on Sun 6 Sep to 11:35 on Mon 7 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-06T00:12:58Z → 1981-09-07T02:35:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 6th, 11:32–12:20 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 3 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 194 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rādhāṣṭamī 1981 falls on Sunday 6 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 09:13 on Sun 6 Sep to 11:35 on Mon 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 3 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 14 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-09-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-09T15:09:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-09T06:09:09Z", "ms": 368863748879.2041 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-10T15:59:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T06:59:49Z", "ms": 368953188643.5851 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-09T15:09:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-09T06:09:09Z", "ms": 368863748879.2041 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-10T15:59:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T06:59:49Z", "ms": 368953188643.5851 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-09T05:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-08T20:36:26Z", "ms": 368829386032.13965 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-09T05:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-08T20:36:26Z", "ms": 368829386032.13965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-10T05:37:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-09T20:37:09Z", "ms": 368915828875.7452 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-10T05:37:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-09T20:37:09Z", "ms": 368915828875.7452 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:09 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:00 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-09T06:09:09Z → 1981-09-10T06:59:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:36 on the 9th and 05:37 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Thursday 10 September. Ekādaśī runs from 15:09 on Wed 9 Sep to 16:00 on Thu 10 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13261, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-10T15:59:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T06:59:49Z", "ms": 368953188643.5851 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-11T16:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T07:05:27Z", "ms": 369039927068.0516 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-10T15:59:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T06:59:49Z", "ms": 368953188643.5851 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-11T16:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T07:05:27Z", "ms": 369039927068.0516 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-10T11:30:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T02:30:48Z", "ms": 368937048018.9671 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-10T12:18:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-10T03:18:48Z", "ms": 368939928018.9671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-11T11:30:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T02:30:27Z", "ms": 369023427050.5931 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-11T12:18:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T03:18:27Z", "ms": 369026307050.5931 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 16:00 on Thu 10 Sep to 16:05 on Fri 11 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-10T06:59:49Z → 1981-09-11T07:05:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 10th, 11:30–12:18 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13261 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vāmana Jayantī 1981 falls on Friday 11 September. Dvādaśī runs from 16:00 on Thu 10 Sep to 16:05 on Fri 11 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-09-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-11T16:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T07:05:27Z", "ms": 369039927068.0516 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-12T15:25:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T06:25:58Z", "ms": 369123958286.36127 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-11T16:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T07:05:27Z", "ms": 369039927068.0516 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-12T15:25:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T06:25:58Z", "ms": 369123958286.36127 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-11T18:11:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T09:11:02Z", "ms": 369047462408.5951 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-11T19:42:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T10:42:43Z", "ms": 369052962686.7694 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-12T18:09:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T09:09:37Z", "ms": 369133777414.393 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-12T19:41:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T10:41:35Z", "ms": 369139294731.97516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 15:26 on Sat 12 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-11T07:05:27Z → 1981-09-12T06:25:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:43 on the 11th, 18:10–19:42 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 92 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Friday 11 September. Trayodaśī runs from 16:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 15:26 on Sat 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-09-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-12T15:25:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T06:25:58Z", "ms": 369123958286.36127 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-13T14:04:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-13T05:04:57Z", "ms": 369205497313.9881 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-12T15:25:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T06:25:58Z", "ms": 369123958286.36127 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-13T14:04:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-13T05:04:57Z", "ms": 369205497313.9881 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-12T05:38:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T20:38:34Z", "ms": 369088714494.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-12T08:08:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-11T23:08:47Z", "ms": 369097727078.8004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-13T05:39:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T20:39:17Z", "ms": 369175157296.259 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-13T08:09:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-12T23:09:04Z", "ms": 369184144279.12585 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:26 on Sat 12 Sep to 14:05 on Sun 13 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-12T06:25:58Z → 1981-09-13T05:04:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:39–08:09 on the 12th, 05:39–08:09 on the 13th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 150 minutes on the 12th and 150 of 150 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ananta Caturdaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 13 September. Caturdaśī runs from 15:26 on Sat 12 Sep to 14:05 on Sun 13 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-09-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-17T04:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-16T19:11:55Z", "ms": 369515514971.6247 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-18T01:19:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-17T16:19:41Z", "ms": 369591581067.99927 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-17T04:11:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-16T19:11:55Z", "ms": 369515514971.6247 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-18T01:19:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-17T16:19:41Z", "ms": 369591581067.99927 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-16T19:44:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-16T10:44:35Z", "ms": 369485075207.51263 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-16T19:44:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-16T10:44:35Z", "ms": 369485075207.51263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-17T20:22:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-17T11:22:48Z", "ms": 369573768366.17084 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-17T20:22:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-17T11:22:48Z", "ms": 369573768366.17084 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:12 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:20 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-16T19:11:55Z → 1981-09-17T16:19:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:45 on the 16th and 20:23 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Thursday 17 September. Caturthī runs from 04:12 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:20 on Fri 18 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 5419, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-18T22:34:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-18T13:34:11Z", "ms": 369668050715.8048 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-19T20:01:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-19T11:01:43Z", "ms": 369745302810.6584 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-18T22:34:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-18T13:34:11Z", "ms": 369668050715.8048 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-19T20:01:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-19T11:01:43Z", "ms": 369745302810.6584 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-18T21:03:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-18T12:03:52Z", "ms": 369662632033.3709 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-18T21:03:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-18T12:03:52Z", "ms": 369662632033.3709 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-19T21:48:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-19T12:48:55Z", "ms": 369751735320.80963 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-19T21:48:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-19T12:48:55Z", "ms": 369751735320.80963 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:34 on Fri 18 Sep to 20:02 on Sat 19 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-18T13:34:11Z → 1981-09-19T11:01:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:04 on the 18th and 21:49 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 5419 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1981 falls on Friday 18 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:34 on Fri 18 Sep to 20:02 on Sat 19 Sep, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T17:47:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z", "ms": 369823622285.6271 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T15:53:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T06:53:14Z", "ms": 369903194181.50146 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T17:47:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z", "ms": 369823622285.6271 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T15:53:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T06:53:14Z", "ms": 369903194181.50146 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T17:58:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T08:58:13Z", "ms": 369824292537.48755 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-20T19:32:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T10:32:27Z", "ms": 369829947082.1935 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-21T17:56:47+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T08:56:47Z", "ms": 369910606773.1505 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T19:31:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T10:31:19Z", "ms": 369916278555.6771 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:47 on Sun 20 Sep to 15:53 on Mon 21 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z → 1981-09-21T06:53:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:58–19:32 on the 20th, 17:57–19:31 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 95 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1981 falls on Sunday 20 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:47 on Sun 20 Sep to 15:53 on Mon 21 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T17:47:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z", "ms": 369823622285.6271 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T15:53:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T06:53:14Z", "ms": 369903194181.50146 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T17:47:02+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z", "ms": 369823622285.6271 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T15:53:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T06:53:14Z", "ms": 369903194181.50146 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-20T22:38:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T13:38:44Z", "ms": 369841124274.28424 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-20T22:38:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-20T13:38:44Z", "ms": 369841124274.28424 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-21T23:33:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T14:33:22Z", "ms": 369930802262.318 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-21T23:33:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-21T14:33:22Z", "ms": 369930802262.318 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:47 on Sun 20 Sep to 15:53 on Mon 21 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-20T08:47:02Z → 1981-09-21T06:53:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:39 on the 20th and 23:33 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1981 falls on Sunday 20 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:47 on Sun 20 Sep to 15:53 on Mon 21 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-09-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23991, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-23T13:13:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-23T04:13:13Z", "ms": 370066393325.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-24T12:27:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-24T03:27:03Z", "ms": 370150023458.8285 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-23T13:13:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-23T04:13:13Z", "ms": 370066393325.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-24T12:27:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-24T03:27:03Z", "ms": 370150023458.8285 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-23T05:46:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-22T20:46:29Z", "ms": 370039588811.10425 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-23T05:46:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-22T20:46:29Z", "ms": 370039588811.10425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-24T05:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-23T20:47:13Z", "ms": 370126032639.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-24T05:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-23T20:47:13Z", "ms": 370126032639.4843 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:13 on Wed 23 Sep to 12:27 on Thu 24 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-23T04:13:13Z → 1981-09-24T03:27:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:46 on the 23rd and 05:47 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23991 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Indirā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Thursday 24 September. Ekādaśī runs from 13:13 on Wed 23 Sep to 12:27 on Thu 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-25T12:03:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-25T03:03:00Z", "ms": 370234979628.1569 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-26T12:01:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T03:01:06Z", "ms": 370321265798.51874 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-25T12:03:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-25T03:03:00Z", "ms": 370234979628.1569 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-26T12:01:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T03:01:06Z", "ms": 370321265798.51874 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-25T17:51:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-25T08:51:05Z", "ms": 370255864624.92487 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-25T19:26:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-25T10:26:45Z", "ms": 370261605449.53906 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-26T17:49:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T08:49:39Z", "ms": 370342179449.0047 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-26T19:25:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T10:25:38Z", "ms": 370347937544.8179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:03 on Fri 25 Sep to 12:01 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-25T03:03:00Z → 1981-09-26T03:01:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:51–19:27 on the 25th, 17:50–19:26 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 96 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Friday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 12:03 on Fri 25 Sep to 12:01 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-09-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-09-26T12:01:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T03:01:06Z", "ms": 370321265798.51874 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-27T12:22:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T03:22:05Z", "ms": 370408925118.95844 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-26T12:01:06+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T03:01:06Z", "ms": 370321265798.51874 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-27T12:22:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T03:22:05Z", "ms": 370408925118.95844 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-26T23:25:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T14:25:32Z", "ms": 370362332308.30396 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-27T00:13:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-26T15:13:32Z", "ms": 370365212308.30396 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-27T23:25:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T14:25:12Z", "ms": 370448712094.04724 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-28T00:13:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T15:13:12Z", "ms": 370451592094.04724 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:01 on Sat 26 Sep to 12:22 on Sun 27 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-26T03:01:06Z → 1981-09-27T03:22:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:26–00:14 on the 26th, 23:25–00:13 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Saturday 26 September. Caturdaśī runs from 12:01 on Sat 26 Sep to 12:22 on Sun 27 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-09-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1981-09-27T12:22:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T03:22:05Z", "ms": 370408925118.95844 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-28T13:07:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T04:07:12Z", "ms": 370498032303.0421 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-27T12:22:05+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T03:22:05Z", "ms": 370408925118.95844 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-28T13:07:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T04:07:12Z", "ms": 370498032303.0421 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-27T13:00:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T04:00:43Z", "ms": 370411242748.97534 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-27T15:24:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-27T06:24:29Z", "ms": 370419868609.43274 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-28T13:00:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T04:00:10Z", "ms": 370497609715.4648 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-28T15:23:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T06:23:30Z", "ms": 370506209714.5516 } }, "covered_min": 7, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 12:22 on Sun 27 Sep to 13:07 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-27T03:22:05Z → 1981-09-28T04:07:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:01–15:24 on the 27th, 13:00–15:23 on the 28th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 27th and 7 of 143 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1981 falls on Sunday 27 September. Amāvasyā runs from 12:22 on Sun 27 Sep to 13:07 on Mon 28 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the next afternoon for 7 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-09-28T13:07:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T04:07:12Z", "ms": 370498032303.0421 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-29T14:17:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-29T05:17:43Z", "ms": 370588663327.2907 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-09-28T13:07:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T04:07:12Z", "ms": 370498032303.0421 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-29T14:17:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-29T05:17:43Z", "ms": 370588663327.2907 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-28T11:24:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T02:24:30Z", "ms": 370491869715.9214 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-28T12:12:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-28T03:12:30Z", "ms": 370494749715.9214 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-09-29T11:24:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-29T02:24:10Z", "ms": 370578249837.7936 }, "end": { "local": "1981-09-29T12:12:10+09:00", "utc": "1981-09-29T03:12:10Z", "ms": 370581129837.7936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:07 on Mon 28 Sep to 14:18 on Tue 29 Sep.", "fact": "1981-09-28T04:07:12Z → 1981-09-29T05:17:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 28th, 11:24–12:12 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1981 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Pratipadā runs from 13:07 on Mon 28 Sep to 14:18 on Tue 29 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-10-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-01T17:54:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-01T08:54:53Z", "ms": 370774492901.53485 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-02T20:15:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-02T11:15:48Z", "ms": 370869347868.8698 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-01T17:54:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-01T08:54:53Z", "ms": 370774492901.53485 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-02T20:15:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-02T11:15:48Z", "ms": 370869347868.8698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-01T11:23:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-01T02:23:31Z", "ms": 370751010824.6365 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-01T12:11:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-01T03:11:31Z", "ms": 370753890824.6365 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-02T11:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-02T02:23:12Z", "ms": 370837391725.01306 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-02T12:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-02T03:11:12Z", "ms": 370840271725.01306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:55 on Thu 1 Oct to 20:16 on Fri 2 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-01T08:54:53Z → 1981-10-02T11:15:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 1st, 11:23–12:11 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Friday 2 October. Caturthī runs from 17:55 on Thu 1 Oct to 20:16 on Fri 2 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7933, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-05T01:22:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-04T16:22:57Z", "ms": 371060577496.8392 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-06T03:44:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T18:44:01Z", "ms": 371155441123.88776 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-05T01:22:57+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-04T16:22:57Z", "ms": 371060577496.8392 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-06T03:44:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T18:44:01Z", "ms": 371155441123.88776 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-05T05:55:28+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-04T20:55:28Z", "ms": 371076927622.2171 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-05T06:42:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-04T21:42:14Z", "ms": 371079734108.5521 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-06T05:56:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T20:56:14Z", "ms": 371163373998.0762 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-06T06:42:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T21:42:52Z", "ms": 371166171926.4838 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:23 on Mon 5 Oct to 03:44 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-04T16:22:57Z → 1981-10-05T18:44:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:55–06:42 on the 5th, 05:56–06:43 on the 6th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 47 of 47 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 47 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7933 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Durgā Saptamī 1981 falls on Monday 5 October. Saptamī runs from 01:23 on Mon 5 Oct to 03:44 on Tue 6 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-06T03:44:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T18:44:01Z", "ms": 371155441123.88776 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-07T05:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T20:37:54Z", "ms": 371248673709.7348 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-06T03:44:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-05T18:44:01Z", "ms": 371155441123.88776 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-07T05:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T20:37:54Z", "ms": 371248673709.7348 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-06T11:21:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T02:21:58Z", "ms": 371182918461.1337 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-06T12:09:58+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T03:09:58Z", "ms": 371185798461.1337 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-07T11:21:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T02:21:41Z", "ms": 371269301022.536 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-07T12:09:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T03:09:41Z", "ms": 371272181022.536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:44 on Tue 6 Oct to 05:38 on Wed 7 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-05T18:44:01Z → 1981-10-06T20:37:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 6th, 11:22–12:10 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1981 falls on Tuesday 6 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:44 on Tue 6 Oct to 05:38 on Wed 7 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16149, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-07T05:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T20:37:54Z", "ms": 371248673709.7348 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-08T06:52:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T21:52:15Z", "ms": 371339534945.2302 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-07T05:37:54+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-06T20:37:54Z", "ms": 371248673709.7348 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-08T06:52:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T21:52:15Z", "ms": 371339534945.2302 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-07T11:21:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T02:21:41Z", "ms": 371269301022.536 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-07T12:09:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T03:09:41Z", "ms": 371272181022.536 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-08T11:21:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T02:21:24Z", "ms": 371355683973.5079 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-08T12:09:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T03:09:24Z", "ms": 371358563973.5079 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 05:38 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:52 on Thu 8 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-06T20:37:54Z → 1981-10-07T21:52:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 7th, 11:21–12:09 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16149 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mahānavamī 1981 falls on Wednesday 7 October. Navamī runs from 05:38 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:52 on Thu 8 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-08T06:52:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T21:52:15Z", "ms": 371339534945.2302 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-09T07:18:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T22:18:34Z", "ms": 371427514378.2704 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1981-10-08T08:53:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T23:53:45Z", "ms": 371346825311.46515 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-09T07:18:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T22:18:34Z", "ms": 371427514378.2704 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1981-10-08T08:53:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T23:53:45Z", "ms": 371346825311.46515 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-09T09:52:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T00:52:30Z", "ms": 371436750168.04706 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-08T05:57:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-07T20:57:48Z", "ms": 371336267554.3614 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-08T17:33:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T08:33:00Z", "ms": 371377980392.65436 } }, "covered_min": 519, "window_min": 695, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-09T05:58:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T20:58:35Z", "ms": 371422714752.5404 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-09T17:31:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T08:31:40Z", "ms": 371464299915.6034 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 693, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 06:52 on Thu 8 Oct to 07:19 on Fri 9 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 08:54 on Thu 8 Oct to 09:53 on Fri 9 Oct. They are together from 08:54 on Thu 8 Oct to 07:19 on Fri 9 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-07T23:53:45Z → 1981-10-08T22:18:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 05:58–17:33 on the 8th, 05:59–17:32 on the 9th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 519 of 695 minutes on the 8th and 80 of 693 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 4800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1981 falls on Thursday 8 October. Daśamī runs from 06:52 on Thu 8 Oct to 07:19 on Fri 9 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 519 minutes. They are together in the day time on the next day too, for 80 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the day they share longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-10-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3228, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-09T07:18:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T22:18:34Z", "ms": 371427514378.2704 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-10T06:53:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T21:53:11Z", "ms": 371512390529.68317 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-09T07:18:34+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T22:18:34Z", "ms": 371427514378.2704 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-10T06:53:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T21:53:11Z", "ms": 371512390529.68317 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-09T05:58:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T20:58:35Z", "ms": 371422714752.5404 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-09T05:58:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-08T20:58:35Z", "ms": 371422714752.5404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-10T05:59:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T20:59:22Z", "ms": 371509162243.24316 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-10T05:59:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-09T20:59:22Z", "ms": 371509162243.24316 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:19 on Fri 9 Oct to 06:53 on Sat 10 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-08T22:18:34Z → 1981-10-09T21:53:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:59 on the 9th and 05:59 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3228 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Saturday 10 October. Ekādaśī runs from 07:19 on Fri 9 Oct to 06:53 on Sat 10 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-10-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-11T05:37:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-10T20:37:08Z", "ms": 371594228219.20056 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-12T03:35:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-11T18:35:32Z", "ms": 371673332078.81757 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-11T05:37:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-10T20:37:08Z", "ms": 371594228219.20056 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-12T03:35:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-11T18:35:32Z", "ms": 371673332078.81757 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-10T17:30:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-10T08:30:20Z", "ms": 371550620006.3802 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-10T19:10:19+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-10T10:10:19Z", "ms": 371556618677.0807 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-11T17:29:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-11T08:29:01Z", "ms": 371636940697.32996 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-11T19:09:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-11T10:09:16Z", "ms": 371642956356.85144 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:37 on Sun 11 Oct to 03:36 on Mon 12 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-10T20:37:08Z → 1981-10-11T18:35:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:30–19:10 on the 10th, 17:29–19:09 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 10th and 100 of 100 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 11 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:37 on Sun 11 Oct to 03:36 on Mon 12 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-10-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T11:29:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z", "ms": 372047390558.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T08:18:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T23:18:21Z", "ms": 372122301165.8827 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T11:29:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z", "ms": 372047390558.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T08:18:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T23:18:21Z", "ms": 372122301165.8827 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T19:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T10:42:33Z", "ms": 372076953026.38165 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-16T19:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T10:42:33Z", "ms": 372076953026.38165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-17T20:32:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-17T11:32:12Z", "ms": 372166331586.3746 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T20:32:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-17T11:32:12Z", "ms": 372166331586.3746 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:30 on Fri 16 Oct to 08:18 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z → 1981-10-16T23:18:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:43 on the 16th and 20:32 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1981 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturthī runs from 11:30 on Fri 16 Oct to 08:18 on Sat 17 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-10-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29562, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T11:29:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z", "ms": 372047390558.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T08:18:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T23:18:21Z", "ms": 372122301165.8827 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T11:29:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z", "ms": 372047390558.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T08:18:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T23:18:21Z", "ms": 372122301165.8827 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-16T19:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T10:42:33Z", "ms": 372076953026.38165 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-16T19:42:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-16T10:42:33Z", "ms": 372076953026.38165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-17T20:32:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-17T11:32:12Z", "ms": 372166331586.3746 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-17T20:32:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-17T11:32:12Z", "ms": 372166331586.3746 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:30 on Fri 16 Oct to 08:18 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-16T02:29:51Z → 1981-10-16T23:18:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:43 on the 16th and 20:32 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29562 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturthī runs from 11:30 on Fri 16 Oct to 08:18 on Sat 17 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2504, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-20T01:21:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-19T16:21:14Z", "ms": 372356474335.9135 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-21T00:08:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-20T15:08:27Z", "ms": 372438506544.0732 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-20T01:21:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-19T16:21:14Z", "ms": 372356474335.9135 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-21T00:08:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-20T15:08:27Z", "ms": 372438506544.0732 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-19T22:25:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-19T13:25:31Z", "ms": 372345931052.3962 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-19T22:25:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-19T13:25:31Z", "ms": 372345931052.3962 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-20T23:26:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-20T14:26:42Z", "ms": 372436002285.02075 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-20T23:26:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-20T14:26:42Z", "ms": 372436002285.02075 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:21 on Tue 20 Oct to 00:08 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-19T16:21:14Z → 1981-10-20T15:08:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:26 on the 19th and 23:27 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2504 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1981 falls on Tuesday 20 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:21 on Tue 20 Oct to 00:08 on Wed 21 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-10-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-22T23:23:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-22T14:23:42Z", "ms": 372608621868.8996 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-23T23:46:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T14:46:33Z", "ms": 372696392519.1503 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-22T23:23:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-22T14:23:42Z", "ms": 372608621868.8996 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-23T23:46:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T14:46:33Z", "ms": 372696392519.1503 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-23T06:10:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-22T21:10:11Z", "ms": 372633011142.1834 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-23T06:10:11+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-22T21:10:11Z", "ms": 372633011142.1834 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-24T06:11:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T21:11:04Z", "ms": 372719463732.00696 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-24T06:11:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T21:11:04Z", "ms": 372719463732.00696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 23:47 on Fri 23 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-22T14:23:42Z → 1981-10-23T14:46:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:10 on the 23rd and 06:11 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Ramā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Friday 23 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 23:47 on Fri 23 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-23T23:46:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T14:46:33Z", "ms": 372696392519.1503 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-23T23:46:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T14:46:33Z", "ms": 372696392519.1503 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-23T17:14:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T08:14:08Z", "ms": 372672847930.8416 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-23T18:57:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-23T09:57:43Z", "ms": 372679063370.997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-24T17:12:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T08:12:59Z", "ms": 372759179429.2986 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-24T18:56:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T09:56:51Z", "ms": 372765411065.93243 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:47 on Fri 23 Oct to 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-23T14:46:33Z → 1981-10-24T15:35:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:14–18:58 on the 23rd, 17:13–18:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 23rd and 104 of 104 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1981 falls on Saturday 24 October. Dvādaśī runs from 23:47 on Fri 23 Oct to 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-24T17:12:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T08:12:59Z", "ms": 372759179429.2986 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-24T18:56:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T09:56:51Z", "ms": 372765411065.93243 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T17:11:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T08:11:52Z", "ms": 372845511977.21204 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-25T18:56:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T09:56:00Z", "ms": 372851759720.4684 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct to 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z → 1981-10-25T16:47:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:13–18:57 on the 24th, 17:12–18:56 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 24th and 104 of 104 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Yama Dīpadāna 1981 falls on Sunday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct to 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-10-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T00:35:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z", "ms": 372785717161.5931 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-24T17:12:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T08:12:59Z", "ms": 372759179429.2986 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-24T18:56:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-24T09:56:51Z", "ms": 372765411065.93243 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T17:11:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T08:11:52Z", "ms": 372845511977.21204 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-25T18:56:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T09:56:00Z", "ms": 372851759720.4684 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct to 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-24T15:35:17Z → 1981-10-25T16:47:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:13–18:57 on the 24th, 17:12–18:56 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 24th and 104 of 104 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Sunday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:35 on Sun 25 Oct to 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T04:28:42+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T19:28:42Z", "ms": 372886122308.3783 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T06:12:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T21:12:50Z", "ms": 372892370051.63464 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T04:29:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T19:29:20Z", "ms": 372972560011.65424 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T06:13:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T21:13:44Z", "ms": 372978823766.75934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct to 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z → 1981-10-26T18:20:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:29–06:13 on the 26th, 04:29–06:14 on the 27th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 104 of 104 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 104 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1981 falls on Monday 26 October. Caturdaśī runs from 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct to 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-10-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T01:47:13+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z", "ms": 372876432923.1547 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-25T23:18:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T14:18:21Z", "ms": 372867501014.42334 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T00:06:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-25T15:06:21Z", "ms": 372870381014.42334 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T23:18:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T14:18:15Z", "ms": 372953894685.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T00:06:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T15:06:15Z", "ms": 372956774685.1152 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct to 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-25T16:47:13Z → 1981-10-26T18:20:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 25th, 23:18–00:06 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Monday 26 October. Caturdaśī runs from 01:47 on Mon 26 Oct to 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-10-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30312, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T17:10:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T08:10:46Z", "ms": 372931845603.471 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-26T18:55:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T09:55:09Z", "ms": 372938109358.5761 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T17:09:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T08:09:40Z", "ms": 373018180336.80695 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T18:54:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T09:54:20Z", "ms": 373024460003.92334 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct to 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z → 1981-10-27T20:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:11–18:55 on the 26th, 17:10–18:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 26th and 105 of 105 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30312 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1981 falls on Tuesday 27 October. Amāvasyā runs from 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct to 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11647, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T03:20:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z", "ms": 372968421698.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-26T23:18:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T14:18:15Z", "ms": 372953894685.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-27T00:06:15+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-26T15:06:15Z", "ms": 372956774685.1152 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-27T23:18:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T14:18:09Z", "ms": 373040289088.4934 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T00:06:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T15:06:09Z", "ms": 373043169088.4934 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct to 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-26T18:20:22Z → 1981-10-27T20:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 26th, 23:18–00:06 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11647 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kālī Pūjā 1981 falls on Tuesday 27 October. Amāvasyā runs from 03:20 on Tue 27 Oct to 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13993, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T11:17:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T02:17:37Z", "ms": 373083457023.03613 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T12:05:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T03:05:37Z", "ms": 373086337023.03613 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T11:17:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T02:17:33Z", "ms": 373169852750.43713 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T12:05:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T03:05:33Z", "ms": 373172732750.43713 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z → 1981-10-28T22:24:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 28th, 11:18–12:06 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13993 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Govardhana Pūjā 1981 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34993, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T17:08:36+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T08:08:36Z", "ms": 373104516205.8924 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T18:53:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T09:53:32Z", "ms": 373110811679.9673 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T17:07:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T08:07:33Z", "ms": 373190853239.42035 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T18:52:44+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T09:52:44Z", "ms": 373197164410.03186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z → 1981-10-28T22:24:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:09–18:54 on the 28th, 17:08–18:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 105 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34993 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Bali Pūjā 1981 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3682, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T05:13:16+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z", "ms": 373061596203.19244 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-28T06:14:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-27T21:14:38Z", "ms": 373065277840.1798 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-28T09:52:37+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T00:52:37Z", "ms": 373078357295.41736 } }, "covered_min": 218, "window_min": 218, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T06:15:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T21:15:32Z", "ms": 373151732261.454 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T09:52:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T00:52:53Z", "ms": 373164772587.44275 } }, "covered_min": 69, "window_min": 217, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-27T20:13:16Z → 1981-10-28T22:24:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:15–09:53 on the 28th, 06:16–09:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 218 of 218 minutes on the 28th and 69 of 217 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 3682 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Dyūta Pratipad 1981 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Pratipadā runs from 05:13 on Wed 28 Oct to 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the next forenoon for 69 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-30T09:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-30T00:50:50Z", "ms": 373251050186.00385 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T07:24:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z", "ms": 373155859951.86774 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-30T09:50:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-30T00:50:50Z", "ms": 373251050186.00385 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-29T11:17:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T02:17:33Z", "ms": 373169852750.43713 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-29T12:05:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-29T03:05:33Z", "ms": 373172732750.43713 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-30T11:17:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-30T02:17:29Z", "ms": 373256249242.58374 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-30T12:05:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-30T03:05:29Z", "ms": 373259129242.58374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct to 09:51 on Fri 30 Oct.", "fact": "1981-10-28T22:24:20Z → 1981-10-30T00:50:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 29th, 11:17–12:05 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1981 falls on Thursday 29 October. Dvitīyā runs from 07:24 on Thu 29 Oct to 09:51 on Fri 30 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:27:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z", "ms": 373346878507.825 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T15:08:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T06:08:09Z", "ms": 373442889074.2237 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:27:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z", "ms": 373346878507.825 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T15:08:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T06:08:09Z", "ms": 373442889074.2237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T11:17:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T02:17:27Z", "ms": 373342646507.5908 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:05:27Z", "ms": 373345526507.5908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-01T11:17:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T02:17:25Z", "ms": 373429044553.09717 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T12:05:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T03:05:25Z", "ms": 373431924553.09717 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Sat 31 Oct to 15:08 on Sun 1 Nov.", "fact": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z → 1981-11-01T06:08:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 31st, 11:17–12:05 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Nāga Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 1 November. Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Sat 31 Oct to 15:08 on Sun 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-11-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:27:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z", "ms": 373346878507.825 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T15:08:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T06:08:09Z", "ms": 373442889074.2237 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:27:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z", "ms": 373346878507.825 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T15:08:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T06:08:09Z", "ms": 373442889074.2237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-10-31T11:17:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T02:17:27Z", "ms": 373342646507.5908 }, "end": { "local": "1981-10-31T12:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-10-31T03:05:27Z", "ms": 373345526507.5908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-01T11:17:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T02:17:25Z", "ms": 373429044553.09717 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-01T12:05:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-01T03:05:25Z", "ms": 373431924553.09717 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Sat 31 Oct to 15:08 on Sun 1 Nov.", "fact": "1981-10-31T03:27:59Z → 1981-11-01T06:08:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 31st, 11:17–12:05 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Sunday 1 November. Caturthī runs from 12:28 on Sat 31 Oct to 15:08 on Sun 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20133, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-02T17:40:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-02T08:40:56Z", "ms": 373538456005.62634 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-03T19:53:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-03T10:53:55Z", "ms": 373632834771.22253 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-02T17:40:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-02T08:40:56Z", "ms": 373538456005.62634 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-03T19:53:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-03T10:53:55Z", "ms": 373632834771.22253 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-02T11:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-02T02:17:23Z", "ms": 373515443386.2471 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-02T12:05:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-02T03:05:23Z", "ms": 373518323386.2471 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-03T11:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-03T02:17:23Z", "ms": 373601843013.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-03T12:05:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-03T03:05:23Z", "ms": 373604723013.9727 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:41 on Mon 2 Nov to 19:54 on Tue 3 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-02T08:40:56Z → 1981-11-03T10:53:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 2nd, 11:17–12:05 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20133 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1981 falls on Tuesday 3 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:41 on Mon 2 Nov to 19:54 on Tue 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34140, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-04T21:34:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-04T12:34:24Z", "ms": 373725263750.8933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-04T21:34:24+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-04T12:34:24Z", "ms": 373725263750.8933 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-04T11:17:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-04T02:17:23Z", "ms": 373688243442.7222 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-04T12:05:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-04T03:05:23Z", "ms": 373691123442.7222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T11:17:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T02:17:25Z", "ms": 373774644678.59735 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-05T12:05:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T03:05:25Z", "ms": 373777524678.59735 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:34 on Wed 4 Nov to 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-04T12:34:24Z → 1981-11-05T13:31:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 4th, 11:17–12:05 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34140 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Gopāṣṭamī 1981 falls on Thursday 5 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:34 on Wed 4 Nov to 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27966, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T22:37:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T13:37:49Z", "ms": 373901869303.164 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T22:37:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T13:37:49Z", "ms": 373901869303.164 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-06T06:22:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T21:22:59Z", "ms": 373843378549.7221 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T09:55:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T00:55:17Z", "ms": 373856117334.8667 } }, "covered_min": 212, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-07T06:23:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T21:23:55Z", "ms": 373929835461.1001 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-07T09:55:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-07T00:55:38Z", "ms": 373942538216.99774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 212, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov to 22:38 on Fri 6 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z → 1981-11-06T13:37:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:23–09:55 on the 6th, 06:24–09:56 on the 7th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 212 of 212 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 212 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27966 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1981 falls on Friday 6 November. Navamī runs from 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov to 22:38 on Fri 6 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T22:37:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T13:37:49Z", "ms": 373901869303.164 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T22:31:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z", "ms": 373815088626.5321 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T22:37:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T13:37:49Z", "ms": 373901869303.164 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-05T11:17:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T02:17:25Z", "ms": 373774644678.59735 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-05T12:05:25+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-05T03:05:25Z", "ms": 373777524678.59735 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-06T11:17:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T02:17:27Z", "ms": 373861046727.439 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-06T12:05:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-06T03:05:27Z", "ms": 373863926727.439 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov to 22:38 on Fri 6 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-05T13:31:29Z → 1981-11-06T13:37:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 5th, 11:17–12:05 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Durgā Navamī 1981 falls on Friday 6 November. Navamī runs from 22:31 on Thu 5 Nov to 22:38 on Fri 6 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-11-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30855, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-07T21:50:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-07T12:50:38Z", "ms": 373985437639.2032 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-08T20:11:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-08T11:11:38Z", "ms": 374065898309.86774 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-07T21:50:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-07T12:50:38Z", "ms": 373985437639.2032 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-08T20:11:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-08T11:11:38Z", "ms": 374065898309.86774 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-08T06:24:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-07T21:24:53Z", "ms": 374016292562.5706 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-08T06:24:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-07T21:24:53Z", "ms": 374016292562.5706 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-09T06:25:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-08T21:25:50Z", "ms": 374102749835.26984 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-09T06:25:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-08T21:25:50Z", "ms": 374102749835.26984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:51 on Sat 7 Nov to 20:12 on Sun 8 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-07T12:50:38Z → 1981-11-08T11:11:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 8th and 06:26 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30855 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 8 November. Ekādaśī runs from 21:51 on Sat 7 Nov to 20:12 on Sun 8 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-11-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2942, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-09T17:46:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-09T08:46:27Z", "ms": 374143587343.6004 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-10T14:43:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T05:43:31Z", "ms": 374219011447.3523 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-09T17:46:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-09T08:46:27Z", "ms": 374143587343.6004 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-10T14:43:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T05:43:31Z", "ms": 374219011447.3523 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-09T16:57:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-09T07:57:26Z", "ms": 374140645782.64996 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-09T18:45:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-09T09:45:21Z", "ms": 374147120646.38385 } }, "covered_min": 59, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-10T16:56:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T07:56:39Z", "ms": 374226999074.2884 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-10T18:44:48+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T09:44:48Z", "ms": 374233487840.4595 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:46 on Mon 9 Nov to 14:44 on Tue 10 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-09T08:46:27Z → 1981-11-10T05:43:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:57–18:45 on the 9th, 16:57–18:45 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 59 of 108 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 108 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2942 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Monday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Monday 9 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:46 on Mon 9 Nov to 14:44 on Tue 10 Nov and covers 59 of 108 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-11-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 282, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T11:13:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z", "ms": 374292787116.7033 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T07:26:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T22:26:29Z", "ms": 374365589316.83636 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T11:13:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z", "ms": 374292787116.7033 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T07:26:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T22:26:29Z", "ms": 374365589316.83636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T11:17:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T02:17:49Z", "ms": 374293069368.7151 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-11T12:05:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T03:05:49Z", "ms": 374295949368.7151 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-12T11:17:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-12T02:17:56Z", "ms": 374379476419.02686 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T12:05:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-12T03:05:56Z", "ms": 374382356419.02686 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:13 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:26 on Thu 12 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z → 1981-11-11T22:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 11th, 11:18–12:06 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 282 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1981 falls on Wednesday 11 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:13 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:26 on Thu 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 4 min 42 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T11:13:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z", "ms": 374292787116.7033 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T07:26:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T22:26:29Z", "ms": 374365589316.83636 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T11:13:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z", "ms": 374292787116.7033 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T07:26:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T22:26:29Z", "ms": 374365589316.83636 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-10T23:18:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T14:18:12Z", "ms": 374249891947.42993 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-11T00:06:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-10T15:06:12Z", "ms": 374252771947.42993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-11T23:18:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T14:18:18Z", "ms": 374336298206.9159 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-12T00:06:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-11T15:06:18Z", "ms": 374339178206.9159 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:13 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:26 on Thu 12 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-11T02:13:07Z → 1981-11-11T22:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 10th, 23:18–00:06 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Rāsayātrā 1981 falls on Wednesday 11 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:13 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:26 on Thu 12 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-11-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4192, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-14T20:23:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-14T11:23:14Z", "ms": 374584994369.12 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-15T17:22:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-15T08:22:43Z", "ms": 374660562791.789 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-14T20:23:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-14T11:23:14Z", "ms": 374584994369.12 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-15T17:22:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-15T08:22:43Z", "ms": 374660562791.789 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-14T19:13:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-14T10:13:22Z", "ms": 374580802042.5719 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-14T19:13:22+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-14T10:13:22Z", "ms": 374580802042.5719 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-15T20:12:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-15T11:12:51Z", "ms": 374670770584.8408 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-15T20:12:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-15T11:12:51Z", "ms": 374670770584.8408 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:23 on Sat 14 Nov to 17:23 on Sun 15 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-14T11:23:14Z → 1981-11-15T08:22:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:13 on the 14th and 20:13 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 4192 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Saturday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 20:23 on Sat 14 Nov to 17:23 on Sun 15 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-21T13:08:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-21T04:08:59Z", "ms": 375163739180.96686 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-22T14:37:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-22T05:37:09Z", "ms": 375255428815.07294 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-21T13:08:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-21T04:08:59Z", "ms": 375163739180.96686 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-22T14:37:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-22T05:37:09Z", "ms": 375255428815.07294 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-21T06:37:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-20T21:37:23Z", "ms": 375140243026.0985 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-21T06:37:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-20T21:37:23Z", "ms": 375140243026.0985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-22T06:38:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-21T21:38:20Z", "ms": 375226700461.95544 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-22T06:38:20+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-21T21:38:20Z", "ms": 375226700461.95544 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:09 on Sat 21 Nov to 14:37 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-21T04:08:59Z → 1981-11-22T05:37:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:37 on the 21st and 06:38 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Sunday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:09 on Sat 21 Nov to 14:37 on Sun 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-11-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 40, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-23T16:29:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-23T07:29:29Z", "ms": 375348569410.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-24T18:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T09:40:21Z", "ms": 375442820577.5106 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-23T16:29:29+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-23T07:29:29Z", "ms": 375348569410.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-24T18:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T09:40:21Z", "ms": 375442820577.5106 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-23T16:49:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-23T07:49:03Z", "ms": 375349743323.75726 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-23T18:39:53+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-23T09:39:53Z", "ms": 375356392832.2301 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-24T16:48:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T07:48:41Z", "ms": 375436120758.3158 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-24T18:39:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T09:39:41Z", "ms": 375442780829.1172 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:29 on Mon 23 Nov to 18:40 on Tue 24 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-23T07:29:29Z → 1981-11-24T09:40:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:49–18:40 on the 23rd, 16:49–18:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 23rd and 111 of 111 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 40 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Tuesday 24 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:29 on Mon 23 Nov to 18:40 on Tue 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 111 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 0 min 40 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-11-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-11-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8188, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-24T18:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T09:40:21Z", "ms": 375442820577.5106 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-25T21:04:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-25T12:04:46Z", "ms": 375537885858.6212 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-24T18:40:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T09:40:21Z", "ms": 375442820577.5106 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-25T21:04:46+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-25T12:04:46Z", "ms": 375537885858.6212 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-24T23:20:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T14:20:56Z", "ms": 375459656023.821 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-25T00:08:56+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-24T15:08:56Z", "ms": 375462536023.821 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-25T23:21:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-25T14:21:14Z", "ms": 375546073828.35895 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-26T00:09:14+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-25T15:09:14Z", "ms": 375548953828.35895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 24 Nov to 21:05 on Wed 25 Nov.", "fact": "1981-11-24T09:40:21Z → 1981-11-25T12:04:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:21–00:09 on the 24th, 23:21–00:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8188 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Tuesday 24 November. Caturdaśī runs from 18:40 on Tue 24 Nov to 21:05 on Wed 25 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-11-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-11-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6179, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-11-30T07:24:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-29T22:24:43Z", "ms": 375920682799.7265 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-01T09:39:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T00:39:50Z", "ms": 376015189856.88855 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-11-30T07:24:43+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-29T22:24:43Z", "ms": 375920682799.7265 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-01T09:39:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T00:39:50Z", "ms": 376015189856.88855 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-11-30T11:22:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-30T02:22:27Z", "ms": 375934946696.4055 }, "end": { "local": "1981-11-30T12:10:27+09:00", "utc": "1981-11-30T03:10:27Z", "ms": 375937826696.4055 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-01T11:22:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T02:22:49Z", "ms": 376021368978.5171 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-01T12:10:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T03:10:49Z", "ms": 376024248978.5171 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:25 on Mon 30 Nov to 09:40 on Tue 1 Dec.", "fact": "1981-11-29T22:24:43Z → 1981-12-01T00:39:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 30th, 11:23–12:11 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6179 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Monday 30 November. Caturthī runs from 07:25 on Mon 30 Nov to 09:40 on Tue 1 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-01T09:39:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T00:39:50Z", "ms": 376015189856.88855 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-01T09:39:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T00:39:50Z", "ms": 376015189856.88855 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-01T11:22:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T02:22:49Z", "ms": 376021368978.5171 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-01T12:10:49+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-01T03:10:49Z", "ms": 376024248978.5171 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:23:12Z", "ms": 376107791900.3231 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-02T12:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T03:11:12Z", "ms": 376110671900.3231 } }, "covered_min": 7, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:40 on Tue 1 Dec to 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-01T00:39:50Z → 1981-12-02T02:30:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 1st, 11:23–12:11 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 7 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1981 falls on Wednesday 2 December. Pañcamī runs from 09:40 on Tue 1 Dec to 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec and covers 7 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:23:12Z", "ms": 376107791900.3231 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-02T12:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T03:11:12Z", "ms": 376110671900.3231 } }, "covered_min": 41, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-03T11:23:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T02:23:35Z", "ms": 376194215437.42017 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:11:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:11:35Z", "ms": 376197095437.42017 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec to 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z → 1981-12-03T03:47:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 2nd, 11:24–12:12 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 41 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1981 falls on Wednesday 2 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec to 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec and covers 41 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 431, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:30:23+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z", "ms": 376108223046.49054 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-02T11:23:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T02:23:12Z", "ms": 376107791900.3231 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-02T12:11:12+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-02T03:11:12Z", "ms": 376110671900.3231 } }, "covered_min": 41, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-03T11:23:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T02:23:35Z", "ms": 376194215437.42017 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:11:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:11:35Z", "ms": 376197095437.42017 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec to 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-02T02:30:23Z → 1981-12-03T03:47:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 2nd, 11:24–12:12 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 41 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 431 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1981 falls on Thursday 3 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:30 on Wed 2 Dec to 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 41 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2132, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-04T13:22:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-04T04:22:08Z", "ms": 376287728077.0888 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:47:07+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z", "ms": 376199227304.56415 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-04T13:22:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-04T04:22:08Z", "ms": 376287728077.0888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-03T11:23:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T02:23:35Z", "ms": 376194215437.42017 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-03T12:11:35+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-03T03:11:35Z", "ms": 376197095437.42017 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-04T11:24:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-04T02:24:00Z", "ms": 376280639564.8262 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-04T12:12:00+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-04T03:12:00Z", "ms": 376283519564.8262 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec to 13:22 on Fri 4 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-03T03:47:07Z → 1981-12-04T04:22:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 3rd, 11:24–12:12 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2132 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Osaka, 1981: Friday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mitra Saptamī 1981 falls on Friday 4 December. Saptamī runs from 12:47 on Thu 3 Dec to 13:22 on Fri 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-12-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-07T10:21:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T01:21:18Z", "ms": 376536077658.26056 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-08T07:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T22:51:09Z", "ms": 376613469314.172 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-07T10:21:18+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T01:21:18Z", "ms": 376536077658.26056 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-08T07:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T22:51:09Z", "ms": 376613469314.172 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-07T06:51:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-06T21:51:50Z", "ms": 376523509786.77423 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-07T06:51:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-06T21:51:50Z", "ms": 376523509786.77423 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-08T06:52:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T21:52:38Z", "ms": 376609958047.43866 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-08T06:52:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T21:52:38Z", "ms": 376609958047.43866 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:21 on Mon 7 Dec to 07:51 on Tue 8 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-07T01:21:18Z → 1981-12-07T22:51:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 7th and 06:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Tuesday 8 December. Ekādaśī runs from 10:21 on Mon 7 Dec to 07:51 on Tue 8 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12872, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-08T07:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T22:51:09Z", "ms": 376613469314.172 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-09T04:46:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T19:46:21Z", "ms": 376688781145.28674 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-08T07:51:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-07T22:51:09Z", "ms": 376613469314.172 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-09T04:46:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T19:46:21Z", "ms": 376688781145.28674 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-08T11:25:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T02:25:41Z", "ms": 376626341467.83405 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-08T12:13:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T03:13:41Z", "ms": 376629221467.83405 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-09T11:26:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T02:26:08Z", "ms": 376712768165.1177 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-09T12:14:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T03:14:08Z", "ms": 376715648165.1177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:51 on Tue 8 Dec to 04:46 on Wed 9 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-07T22:51:09Z → 1981-12-08T19:46:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 8th, 11:26–12:14 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12872 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1981 falls on Tuesday 8 December. Dvādaśī runs from 07:51 on Tue 8 Dec to 04:46 on Wed 9 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-12-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23779, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-09T04:46:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T19:46:21Z", "ms": 376688781145.28674 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-10T01:16:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T16:16:09Z", "ms": 376762568628.0858 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-09T04:46:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T19:46:21Z", "ms": 376688781145.28674 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-10T01:16:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T16:16:09Z", "ms": 376762568628.0858 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-08T16:46:45+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T07:46:45Z", "ms": 376645604888.22943 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-08T18:39:38+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-08T09:39:38Z", "ms": 376652378279.54395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-09T16:46:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T07:46:51Z", "ms": 376732011007.14685 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-09T18:39:50+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-09T09:39:50Z", "ms": 376738789749.00366 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:46 on Wed 9 Dec to 01:16 on Thu 10 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-08T19:46:21Z → 1981-12-09T16:16:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:47–18:40 on the 8th, 16:47–18:40 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 113 minutes on the 8th and 113 of 113 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23779 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Wednesday 9 December. Trayodaśī runs from 04:46 on Wed 9 Dec to 01:16 on Thu 10 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-12-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1981-12-10T21:30:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-10T12:30:52Z", "ms": 376835451752.3243 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-11T17:41:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-11T08:41:21Z", "ms": 376908081367.31335 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-10T21:30:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-10T12:30:52Z", "ms": 376835451752.3243 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-11T17:41:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-11T08:41:21Z", "ms": 376908081367.31335 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-10T16:46:59+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-10T07:46:59Z", "ms": 376818419032.0964 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-10T18:40:03+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-10T09:40:03Z", "ms": 376825202727.8772 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-11T16:47:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-11T07:47:09Z", "ms": 376904828955.4459 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-11T18:40:17+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-11T09:40:17Z", "ms": 376911617204.2353 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:31 on Thu 10 Dec to 17:41 on Fri 11 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-10T12:30:52Z → 1981-12-11T08:41:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:47–18:40 on the 10th, 16:47–18:40 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 113 minutes on the 10th and 54 of 113 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3252 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Osaka, 1981: Friday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1981 falls on Friday 11 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:31 on Thu 10 Dec to 17:41 on Fri 11 Dec and covers 54 of 113 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-12-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32991, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-14T07:34:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-13T22:34:30Z", "ms": 377130869568.7105 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-15T05:11:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-14T20:11:41Z", "ms": 377208701159.98047 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-14T07:34:30+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-13T22:34:30Z", "ms": 377130869568.7105 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-15T05:11:41+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-14T20:11:41Z", "ms": 377208701159.98047 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-13T18:55:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-13T09:55:40Z", "ms": 377085339580.51587 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-13T18:55:40+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-13T09:55:40Z", "ms": 377085339580.51587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1981-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-14T20:01:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-14T11:01:51Z", "ms": 377175710629.0165 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-14T20:01:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-14T11:01:51Z", "ms": 377175710629.0165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:34 on Mon 14 Dec to 05:12 on Tue 15 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-13T22:34:30Z → 1981-12-14T20:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:56 on the 13th and 20:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32991 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Monday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1981 falls on Monday 14 December. Caturthī runs from 07:34 on Mon 14 Dec to 05:12 on Tue 15 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1981-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-12-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-21T06:30:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-20T21:30:01Z", "ms": 377731800511.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-22T08:49:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-21T23:49:08Z", "ms": 377826548194.08484 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-21T06:30:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-20T21:30:01Z", "ms": 377731800511.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-22T08:49:08+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-21T23:49:08Z", "ms": 377826548194.08484 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-21T07:01:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-20T22:01:21Z", "ms": 377733680930.2503 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-21T07:01:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-20T22:01:21Z", "ms": 377733680930.2503 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-22T07:01:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-21T22:01:52Z", "ms": 377820111691.9617 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-22T07:01:52+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-21T22:01:52Z", "ms": 377820111691.9617 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:30 on Mon 21 Dec to 08:49 on Tue 22 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-20T21:30:01Z → 1981-12-21T23:49:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:01 on the 21st and 07:02 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Osaka, 1981: Tuesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1981 falls on Tuesday 22 December. Ekādaśī runs from 06:30 on Mon 21 Dec to 08:49 on Tue 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/ekadashi?on=1981-12-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-23T11:22:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-23T02:22:51Z", "ms": 377922170579.766 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-24T14:02:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T05:02:21Z", "ms": 378018141305.16614 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-23T11:22:51+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-23T02:22:51Z", "ms": 377922170579.766 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-24T14:02:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T05:02:21Z", "ms": 378018141305.16614 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-23T16:51:31+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-23T07:51:31Z", "ms": 377941890735.44763 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-23T18:45:01+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-23T09:45:01Z", "ms": 377948701107.49316 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-24T16:52:04+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T07:52:04Z", "ms": 378028323699.2285 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-24T18:45:33+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T09:45:33Z", "ms": 378035133142.69836 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:23 on Wed 23 Dec to 14:02 on Thu 24 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-23T02:22:51Z → 1981-12-24T05:02:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:52–18:45 on the 23rd, 16:52–18:46 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 113 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1981 falls on Wednesday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 11:23 on Wed 23 Dec to 14:02 on Thu 24 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/pradosha-vrata?on=1981-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-12-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24839, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-24T14:02:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T05:02:21Z", "ms": 378018141305.16614 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-25T16:40:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-25T07:40:09Z", "ms": 378114009106.9263 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-24T14:02:21+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T05:02:21Z", "ms": 378018141305.16614 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-25T16:40:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-25T07:40:09Z", "ms": 378114009106.9263 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-24T23:33:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T14:33:39Z", "ms": 378052419112.24036 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-25T00:21:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-24T15:21:39Z", "ms": 378055299112.24036 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-25T23:34:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-25T14:34:09Z", "ms": 378138848543.69226 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-26T00:22:09+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-25T15:22:09Z", "ms": 378141728543.69226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:02 on Thu 24 Dec to 16:40 on Fri 25 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-24T05:02:21Z → 1981-12-25T07:40:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 24th, 23:34–00:22 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24839 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Osaka, 1981: Thursday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Śivarātri 1981 falls on Thursday 24 December. Caturdaśī runs from 14:02 on Thu 24 Dec to 16:40 on Fri 25 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/shivaratri?on=1981-12-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-12-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "1853909", "year": 1981, "local_date": "1981-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33976, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1981-12-30T01:01:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-29T16:01:32Z", "ms": 378489691859.1289 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-31T02:10:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-30T17:10:39Z", "ms": 378580238986.50134 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1981-12-30T01:01:32+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-29T16:01:32Z", "ms": 378489691859.1289 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-31T02:10:39+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-30T17:10:39Z", "ms": 378580238986.50134 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1981-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-30T11:36:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-30T02:36:26Z", "ms": 378527785854.3595 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-30T12:24:26+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-30T03:24:26Z", "ms": 378530665854.3595 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1981-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1981-12-31T11:36:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-31T02:36:55Z", "ms": 378614215124.30597 }, "end": { "local": "1981-12-31T12:24:55+09:00", "utc": "1981-12-31T03:24:55Z", "ms": 378617095124.30597 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:02 on Wed 30 Dec to 02:11 on Thu 31 Dec.", "fact": "1981-12-29T16:01:32Z → 1981-12-30T17:10:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 30th, 11:37–12:25 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33976 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Osaka, 1981: Wednesday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1981-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Osaka, Vināyaka Caturthī 1981 falls on Wednesday 30 December. Caturthī runs from 01:02 on Wed 30 Dec to 02:11 on Thu 31 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/osaka/festivals/1981/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1981-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }